JP2005210955A - Method for producing greening base, greening base produced by the same, greening construction method and greening structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a lightweight inexpensive greening base excellent in workability, improving a greening speed and widely securing a greening range, and to provide the greening base, a greening construction method and a greening structure. <P>SOLUTION: This method for producing the greening base comprises obtaining a slurry body through adding water to a solid material having, as the main material, a vegetable fibrous material which is finished in fermentation treatment and containing soil and a bonding material having a fixation auxiliary agent and a viscosity promoting agent, enclosing the slurry body and pouring it into a frame followed by solidifying. The enclosing frame has a projecting part which uprises from the bottom to the upper part and a recessed part is formed on the surface, which correspond to the projecting part at the time of solidifying through enclosing the slurry body and pouring into the frame. As a result, it is possible to easily produce the greening base by using a simple structure, and perform greening construction with easy work in a short construction period owing to lightness in weight. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a planting environment, a planting base, a planting construction method, and a planting structure in which plant planting environments are arranged on a rooftop, a veranda, or indoors of a building to greenen them.

Due to the recent global warming, which is mainly caused by combustion gas and exhaust gas, the average temperature in summer rises year by year, and electric power demand increases due to full operation of the cooling equipment. On the other hand, when the environment for growing lawns and plants on the rooftop of buildings is developed and cultivated, the surface temperature of the plant cultivation part is reliably reduced compared to the surface temperature of concrete, not only reducing the cooling load, but also photosynthesis. It is known to contribute to improving work and living environment by suppressing the global warming by promoting oxygen supply by the environment, or environment with a lot of green. Recently, various methods have been proposed for easily arranging a planting environment on the roof or veranda of such a building. As this main thing, there are a plate board for greening of literature 1, and a natural turf coat using this, for example.
JP 2003-23851 A

  The plate for greening of Patent Document 1 is obtained by press-molding a mixture of natural zeolite having a diameter of about 1 to 5 mm, gypsum and blast furnace cement mixed with water so as to form legs, For example, this plate plate is laid on the concrete surface, water is sprinkled on the surface of the plate plate, and turf is placed on the surface to make it green. However, the greening plate plate of this document 1 has a size of about 300 × 300 × 30 (mm) in length, width and thickness, for example, and has a weight of about 4 kg. It takes labor and work time when it is transported by hand, or when an operator manually lays a large number of sheets on the laying surface. In addition, the plate for greening in this document does not contain plant fertilizers and nutrients. Actually, the plant does not grow sufficiently or the growth rate is slow, and the greening range and density are not wide. There was a problem that it was not big. In addition, this greening plate is molded into a plate shape and requires a press mold to form legs and requires a pressing operation process, so that the manufacturing cost is high, and only natural zeolite is used. Since it was intended to retain water, the water retention performance was not so high, and frequent watering of plants was necessary in summer and the like.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and one object thereof is greening that is lightweight, excellent in workability, low in cost, improves the greening speed, and can secure a wide greening range. It is to provide a manufacturing method of a base, a greening base, a greening construction method and a greening structure.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a solid material containing a fermented plant fiber material as a main material, and a bonding material having soil, a fixing aid, and a viscosity aid. Is added to form a slurry body, and the slurry body is poured into a surrounding frame and solidified to form a greening base manufacturing method. The greening base is a greening base material used when planting on the rooftops of buildings or residential apartments, or on the verandas of condominiums, apartments, etc., and is dried and solidified by adding water to the solids required and pouring it into the enclosure. It is a thing to sprinkle water at the time of greening construction and to contain water, to place a lawn for greening on it, or to mix seeds of greening plants in a solid before fluidization is there.

  The fermented plant fiber material is obtained by aging and fermenting bark, grasses, trees, and their squeezed lees. The fiber itself is large and has good air permeability and water retention after molding. With sufficient fermentation, these plant fiber materials are lightened by evaporating moisture. Unfermented products are not suitable because they may inhibit the growth of plants that are to be planted and grown with the gas that is fermented and generated inside after the greening base construction. The plant fiber material has a meshed structure after molding, and helps to maintain its strength when it is fixed with a bonding material by forming many gaps. Moreover, the fermented plant fiber material becomes a fertilizer that promotes plant growth and supplies nutrients to the plant. Any organic fiber material may be selected as the fermented plant fiber material as long as it has the above-mentioned characteristics. Humic acid material (humic acid produced by decomposing coal or lignite with nitric acid or the like) , Neutralized with lime or mould, etc.), peat (peat), processed products thereof, sphagnum, and the like. Even when it is matured, it should be agglomerated to some extent, and it should be able to sufficiently exhibit water retention and aeration characteristics due to the porous nature of plant fibers.

  Since soil has a large heat capacity and has moisture retention and water retention, it is a growing soil as a buffer function material that provides a suitable moisture to plants to prevent excessive drying and high temperature, and to perform moisture adjustment and temperature adjustment functions. In the case of rooftop greening and the like, the transportation of the greening base and the ease of handling at the time of construction become a problem. Therefore, the soil should be as light as possible and include the nutrients preferred by the plant to be grown and the soil acidity in advance. For example, burnt clay and black soil obtained in a specific area contain a large amount of organic phosphoric acid among the three major elements of plants due to the accumulation of fish and animals and plants (for example, feed on Indonesian seabirds and their excreta). Black soil containing guanophosphate produced by long-term denaturation of fish bones) These may be used as soil. Moreover, peat moss, lime, etc., for example, may be applied as appropriate in response to plants to be grown that prefer acidity or alkalinity. In general, since plants can absorb a large amount of nutrients with a weak acidity of pH 5.5 to pH 6.5, the soil having such a pH degree may be selected as a guide.

  The bonding material is mixed with the fermented plant fiber material and the soil, and the structure formation of the plant fiber material and the soil in the state of securing the minute voids due to the porous network structure of the plant fiber material by addition of water It is a bonding material that performs a paste function having excellent weather resistance characteristics, and particularly uses a viscosity promoting material as weather resistance characteristics. In other words, paste materials that are mainly made of polymer resins such as acrylic resin and vinyl acetate can be considered, but these materials deteriorate due to freezing in the severe winter season and become smooth soil. It becomes brittle and breaks easily. As a result, there has been a problem that it cannot function as a greening foundation because it is washed away by ice melting and rainwater. On the other hand, if a large amount of cement components are used for fixation, the porous network structure of the plant fiber material is crushed, and the roots of the growing plant cannot be stretched by hardening, so that the plant support base is After all, it becomes difficult to plant trees. Therefore, in the present invention, a bonding material including strength or fixing aid and a viscosity aid having excellent weather resistance is used.

  A small amount of cement mineral is used as the strength or fixing aid. The viscosity promoting material includes clay minerals such as montmorillonite, bentonite, illite, kaolin, and halloysite. The viscosity promoting material functions as a paste material having excellent weather resistance. At the same time, these clay minerals have a water-retaining effect, which absorbs water when it rains and discharges water when it is dry to constantly supply moisture to the soil. These minerals that promote viscosity have an action of adsorbing cations and anions, adsorb nutrients such as ammonium, potassium, and nitric acid to control the concentration and supply nutrients necessary for roots over a long period of time. Has a slow-release fertilizer effect.

  The greening base of the present invention is made by adding water to a solid material containing the fermented plant fiber material, the soil, and the bonding material to form a slurry body, and pouring the slurry body into a required molding frame and drying. It is to solidify. At this time, the proportion of each solid is 20 to 40% by weight of soil with respect to 60 to 80% by weight of the fermented plant fiber material, and further includes 2 to 5% by weight of the joining material in the outer ratio. Good. More preferably, it is preferable to use a fermented plant fiber material 60% by weight, soil 30%, and an outer weight ratio 3%.

  With the above structure, a greening base having excellent weight reduction, pressure resistance, plant survival, and sufficient plant support structure can be produced. The solid material may further contain plant growth aids such as stone powder, fly ash, slag fine powder, and silica fine powder. In the case of a seed plant, the seeds of the plant may be mixed with water. The above greening-based materials are harmless to the human body and can reduce the environmental burden by using natural materials.

  The greening-based production method of the present invention comprises a fermented plant fiber material as a main material, and water is added to a solid material containing soil, and a bonding material having a fixing aid and a viscosity aid. It consists of a greening-based manufacturing method characterized in that it is made into a slurry body, and the slurry body is poured into a surrounding frame and solidified, so that it is lightweight and transported to the rooftop of a high-rise building, etc. The base laying work can be easily done with light labor, and the fluid is simply poured into the enclosure, so the production cost is low, and the fermented plant fiber material and soil Because it contains, a wide range of greening can be realized in a short time. In addition, the greening base manufactured by the above method can achieve the same effects as described above.

  Further, the surrounding frame has a protrusion that rises upward from the bottom surface, and by forming a concave portion on the surface side corresponding to the protrusion when the slurry body is poured into the surrounding frame and solidified, Recess formation for water retention of the base body can be easily manufactured at low cost. In addition, the greening base manufactured by the above method can achieve the same effects as described above.

  Moreover, suppose that soil is 20-40 weight% with respect to 60-80 weight% of fermented plant fiber materials, and also includes 2-5 weight% of joining material in the outer part. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the effectiveness of securing a greening-based weight reduction, ensuring good workability, low cost, greening time, and greening range early and widely. In addition, the greening base manufactured by the above method can achieve the same effects as described above.

  According to the greening construction method of the present invention, a lawn mat having the same vertical and horizontal sizes and the above greening base are prepared, the greening base is arranged on the laying surface, and the lawn mat is aligned with the greening base. For example, if a greening base is manufactured according to a standard size on the market, greening can be done by simply placing a turf mat on the greening base laid on the planned greening surface. Combined with the lightness of the greening base and good handling properties such as no dirt during handling, efficient greening construction can be performed.

  In addition, when arranging the greening base on the laying surface, a certain amount of gap is provided between the adjacent parts, and a gap forming material for ventilation, water retention, etc. is introduced into the gap, thereby providing a flat greening base. However, it can reliably ventilate and retain water, so that the turf mat can be reliably brought to the green base.

  In addition, in the greening structure constructed by the above-mentioned greening construction method, for example, if a greening base is manufactured in conformity with a commercially available standard size, the work of simply placing a turf mat on the greening base laid on the planned greening surface Can be planted with green, and combined with the ease of handling, such as being light and green with a greening base, it enables efficient greening. In addition, even a flat green base can reliably ventilate and retain water, so that the turf mat can be reliably put on the green base.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 to 4 show one embodiment for producing the greening base of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, fermented plant fiber material 12, soil 14, and bonding material 16 are combined. The contained solid matter and water 18 are put into a stirring tank 22 having a stirring blade 20 and mixed by stirring to form a slurry body 24. The slurry body is poured into a surrounding frame 26 as a molding frame to be dried and solidified.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the surrounding frame 26 has a bottomed box shape with an upper surface opening having a bottom wall 28 and a four-side wall 30, and a plurality of protrusions 32 that rise upward from the bottom surface. have. Specifically, thirteen cylindrical projections are erected from the bottom wall 28 at a height lower than the upper surface of the side wall 30, and the slurry body 24 is placed in a gap formed by the bottom wall 28 and the four-side wall 30. Is poured. If the soil composition is 30% by weight with respect to 60% by weight of the fermented plant fiber material as described above, and the outer part is 3% by weight of the bonding material, it is dried and solidified in about two days. After solidification, the greening base 10 in the form of a rectangular thick plate having 13 holes is formed as shown in FIG. The recess hole as the recess is formed on the surface side of the portion corresponding to the protrusion 32 when the slurry body is poured into the surrounding frame 26 and solidified. The recess 34 stores irrigation, rainwater, etc. in the inside thereof and gradually penetrates into the planted fiber material portion that has been fermented based on the greening to ensure water retention. The number, density, diameter, depth, shape, etc. of the holes may be arbitrarily set. Therefore, it is preferable to set in advance the protrusions that are erected on the bottom wall of the surrounding frame. Moreover, it is good also as a through-hole instead of the mekaku hole as a vertical hole like embodiment. For example, when the length, width, and thickness are 37 cm x 30 cm x 7 cm, the greening base supporting the root part of the plant has a thickness of 7 cm, but the weight per piece is about 2.5 kg and is extremely lightweight. The weight per unit volume is significantly lighter than the above-mentioned greening plate plate of Patent Document 1, and the work is carried out in a short time and with high efficiency by a simple effort when carrying and laying the individual base. be able to.

  4 to 6 show an example of construction using this greening base 10, and in this example, the vertical and horizontal sizes (for example, vertical, horizontal, and thickness of 37 cm are the same as those of a commercially available turf mat, for example. A greening base (× 30 cm × 7 cm) is prepared. First, the greening base 10 is arranged on the laying surface, and the grass mat is placed on the laid surface, and then applied. When arranging the greening bases on the laying surface, a certain gap G (for example, about 2 cm) is opened between adjacent greening bases, and for example, borastone for ventilation, water retention, etc. The gap forming material 36 is introduced. The void forming material promotes the growth of plants, improves water retention simultaneously with drainage during rainfall, and ensures oxygen supply to the roots. Thereafter, the laying surface is sufficiently irrigated and, for example, a turf mat 38 having the same size as that of the greening base is simply positioned and placed on the upper surface of the greening base. Then, the gap G between the turf mats is additionally filled with bora stone, thereby enabling greening of the building rooftop or the like by a simple and easy work.

  In the above embodiment, the surrounding frame 26 has the protrusion 32 rising from the bottom wall 28 and is configured to form the recess 34 in the greening base at the time of solidification reversal. For example, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to simply have a configuration with only a four-side frame, and a solid quadrangular greening base configuration having a flat surface after solidification demolding.

  Further, the concave portion of the greening base was formed by pouring the slurry body 24 into the surrounding frame 26 in which the protrusions 32 are erected. However, the slurry body 24 is simply poured into the enclosing frame of a three-dimensional square shape. The concave portion may be formed by a separate drilling drill or other drilling machine during or after semi-drying of the rectangular base body. That is, it is a thick plate formed by adding a fermented plant fiber material as a main material, adding water to a solid containing a soil, a fixing aid and a viscosity aid, and then drying and solidifying it. The base main body and a plurality of recesses formed on the upper surface side of the base main body may be provided.

  According to the greening base manufacturing method configured as described above, and the greening base, the greening construction method, and the greening structure manufactured thereby, the following advantages are provided. (1) [Weight, made by handling] Weight reduction is achieved (after drying and solidification, it becomes about 2.5 kg to 3 kg, and laying work at the time of transportation and construction can be performed easily and efficiently with light work.) 2) [Shape retention, strength, fixing to laying surface, plant support, greening rate, greening speed] High plant support and greening level (plants rooted in the mesh layer of fermented plant fiber material) The plant is firmly bonded and is supported with sufficient strength.) Also, the bonding material including the fixing aid and the viscosity promoting material has a long-lasting paste effect against wind and rain and the sun, and provides strong plant support. In addition, the nutrient supply to the plant is slowly and long-term supplied, and in combination with the fast-acting fertilizer, the greening is performed in a short time and is maintained for a long time (3). [Purification function] The greening base is porous and has excellent water purification function. To reduce the processing burden.

  The greening base of the present invention may be greened by laying a turf mat on the upper surface thereof, or may be a method of growing by previously mixing seeds at the time of molding. Examples of plants to be cultivated include, for example, Western turf including bentgrass, meadowgrass, ryegrass, bluegrass, and Japanese turf such as hybrid turf, wild turf, and Korean turf. Also, clovers including white clover, cold type grass species including red top, warm region type grass species including weaving glass, turf cherry, pine needle chrysanthemum, other terrestrial plants, sedum, etc., various grasses, flowers, etc. It may be a plant.

(Embodiment) The above greening-based embodiment will now be described.
[Example 1] Inner size is vertical, horizontal, thickness 37cm x 30cm x 7cm, and a wooden frame is molded. In this, 700kg of bark compost, 300kg of soil (volcanic ash soil), 30kg for this 1,000kg solid material The joint material (made by Onoda Chemico Co., Ltd., trade name “Ecostivlar”) is put into a mixer tank, and after sufficient stirring, poured into a mold. At this time, attention was paid so that the solid content was distributed as uniformly as possible in the mold, and the air was removed. Moreover, 10 kg of fertilizer and 20 kg of guano fertilizer were mixed. It was placed on a drying shelf and dried and solidified after 2 days and taken out. In addition, the analysis result of the bark compost and soil (mixture) used for the present Example in FIG. 8 is shown.

[Example 2] A wood frame having a length of 37 cm × 30 cm (= 1110 cm ² ), a thickness of 5 cm and a thickness of 7 cm was molded, and 700 kg of bark compost, 300 kg of soil, and 1,000 kg of solids were formed therein. 30 kg of bonding material (made by Onoda Chemico Co., Ltd., trade name “Ecostivlar”) is put into the mixer tank, and after sufficient stirring, poured into the mold. At this time, attention was paid so that the solid content was distributed as uniformly as possible in the mold, and the air was removed. Moreover, 45 g of fertilizer was mixed per 100 cm ² . Water retaining holes were provided at 10 cm intervals in a semi-dry state. It was placed on a drying shelf and dried and solidified after 2 days and taken out.
(Construction test) Ten greening bases that had been solidified were placed on the concrete surface in a state where nothing was placed on the surface, and the weather resistance, shape retention, strength, and water retention were observed. It was confirmed that running water was stored in a recess (long hole) due to rain, penetrated into the base inside the periphery of the recess, and a sufficient water retention effect was obtained with a small amount of irrigation. Further, a grass mat of the same size was placed on the 10 greening bases, and the greening was observed. It was confirmed that the lawn surface changed from light green to dark green in about a week, and greening occurred in a short day. In addition, it was confirmed that it maintained its shape without collapsing even in heavy rain under flood warning. Furthermore, it was confirmed that sufficient strength was maintained without collapsing even with a 100 kg load placed on one greening base. In other tests, it was confirmed that it can withstand loads up to about 200 kg. In addition, it was confirmed that the surface temperature of the greening mat was lowered by 10 ° C or more by growing the plant at 40 ° C on the surface of the greening mat and 36 ° C on the grounding surface of the greening mat when the concrete surface was 52 ° C in the summer sun.

  The greening base manufacturing method of the present invention described above, the greening base manufactured by the greening base, the greening construction method, and the greening structure are not limited to the above-described embodiments, but the present invention described in the claims. Any modification may be made without departing from the essence of. For example, it may be used not only for outdoor greening but also for indoor greening.

  Retaining wall greening base manufacturing method and greening base manufactured by the present invention, greening construction method and greening structure of the present invention include buildings, residential condominiums, apartments, public buildings, rooftops of structures and other structures, veranda parts, etc. It can also be effectively applied to the greening of this part and indoor greening.

It is explanatory drawing explaining the greening base manufacturing method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective explanatory drawing of the surrounding frame of embodiment of FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a greening base that has been molded and removed from the frame of FIG. 2. It is plane explanatory drawing of 1 process of the greening construction using the greening base of FIG. It is front explanatory drawing which shows the construction state of the adjacent greening base by the greening construction method of FIG. It is front explanatory drawing which shows the construction state of the adjacent greening base by the greening construction method of FIG. It is a perspective explanatory view of an example of a surrounding frame of other embodiments. It is a figure of the table | surface which shows the analysis result of the greening base of an Example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Tree planting base 12 Fermented plant fiber material 14 Soil 16 Joining material 18 Water 24 Slurry body 26 Enclosure frame 32 Projection part 34 Concave part G Gap

Claims (9)

Fermented plant fiber material is the main material, and water is added to a solid material containing soil, a bonding material having a fixing aid and a viscosity aid, and a slurry is obtained.
A method for producing a greening base, wherein the slurry body is poured into a surrounding frame and solidified. The surrounding frame has a protrusion that rises upward from the bottom surface,
The method for producing a greening base according to claim 1, wherein a concave portion corresponding to a protruding portion when the slurry body is poured into a surrounding frame and solidified is formed on the surface side.   The solid material contains 20 to 40% by weight of soil with respect to 60 to 80% by weight of the plant fiber material that has been subjected to fermentation treatment, and further contains 2 to 5% by weight of the bonding material in the outer portion. Item 3. A greening-based manufacturing method according to item 1 or 2.   The method for producing a greening base according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein plant seeds are mixed with the solid when the solid is added to the slurry.   A greening base produced by the method according to claim 1. A thick plate-like base formed from a fermented plant fiber material as a main material, then hydrated into a solid containing a soil, and a bonding material having a fixing aid and a viscosity aid, and then dried and solidified. The body,
A greening base comprising: a plurality of recesses formed on an upper surface side of the base body. A lawn mat having substantially the same vertical and horizontal sizes and the greening base according to claim 5 or 6 are prepared.
A greening construction method characterized by placing a greening base on a laying surface and placing a turf mat in a state of alignment on the base. When placing the greening base on the laying surface, arrange it with a certain gap between the adjacent parts,
The greening construction method according to claim 7, wherein a gap forming material for ventilation, water retention or the like is introduced into the gap.   A greening structure constructed by the method according to claim 7 or 8.

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