JP2005164490A - Typhoon center detection device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To detect automatically the typhoon center based on an observed value. <P>SOLUTION: This device is equipped with an observed value acquisition part 11 for acquiring the observed value at each spot in an observation area from an observation device 1, an integration part 12 for integrating observed values along a prescribed route in the observation area and outputting the integrated value, and a center determination part 13 for calculating an integrated value at each spot based on the integrated value outputted from the integration part 12, determining a spot having the maximal integrated value among the integrated values at each spot as the typhoon center, and outputting the typhoon center. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for automatically detecting the center of a typhoon based on observed values.

  Conventionally, as a method for estimating the center position of a typhoon, a method of fitting a curve to a weather satellite image using several spiral rulers having different curvatures manually has been used (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

  Such a method is useful for manually constructing a weather forecast, but requires work for fitting a curve using a spiral ruler, and skill is required. On the other hand, even if each municipality wants to determine the latest central position of the typhoon in order to carry out its own disaster countermeasures, such a municipality does not always have such a skilled person. Then, until the Meteorological Agency announces the center of the typhoon, disaster countermeasures based on the latest situation cannot be taken.

  Therefore, it is desired to develop a method for automating the estimation of the typhoon center position. As such attempts, focusing on the fact that there are often no clouds at the typhoon center (called the typhoon eyes), the meteorological satellite images are quantized (with cloud There has been proposed a method in which a non-existing portion is set to 0 and a cloud-containing portion is set to 1), and the center of a region where points resulting from quantization become 0 continue is obtained (for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-98055 “Meteorological Satellite Image Receiving Device, Typhoon Tracking Method Used for the Same, and Recording Medium Recording the Control Program”

Meteorological Research Note 197 (2000) "Typhoon -Analysis and Forecast-" edited by Kazufumi Suzuki and Toshihiro Motoki March 2000 Japan Meteorological Society

  According to the method of Patent Document 1, the precondition that there is no cloud at the center of the typhoon must be satisfied. However, in reality, the typhoon eyes are clearly observed only when the typhoon is strongly developed. In other cases, typhoon eyes are not recognized and this method cannot be used. An object of the present invention is to automatically detect the center of a typhoon even if an observed value does not satisfy such a special condition.

The typhoon center detection device according to the present invention is:
Observation value acquisition means for acquiring observation values at each point in the observation area;
Integration means for integrating observation values along a predetermined path in the observation region and outputting the integrated value;
Based on the integrated value output by the integrating means, the integrated value of each point is calculated, the point having the maximum integrated value among the integrated values of each point is determined as the typhoon center, and the typhoon center is output. A central determination means to
It is equipped with.

Another typhoon center detection apparatus according to the present invention is
Observation value acquisition means for acquiring observation values of typhoons to be observed at each point in the observation area;
Typhoon template storage means for storing the relationship between past typhoon observation data and the position of the center of the typhoon;
Collation means for collating the observation value acquired by the observation value acquisition means with the observation data stored in the typhoon template storage means and calculating a matching value;
The observation data closest to the observation value is selected based on the matching value calculated by the matching means, and the typhoon template storage means associates the observation data with the position of the typhoon center and the observation value to store the observation target. Center determining means for determining the typhoon center;
It is equipped with.

  The typhoon center detection device according to the present invention sets a predetermined search space based on the knowledge that the integrated value of the observed values shows a large value in the route toward the center of the typhoon, and determines the integrated route where the integrated value becomes maximum. Because it searches, the center of the typhoon can be calculated automatically, and the typhoon center can be determined without depending on the skill of the operator and the strength of the typhoon (the typhoon's eyes are clear / not clear). It is effective.

  Since the typhoon center detection device according to another invention compares the observation data with the typhoon template storing the relationship between the past typhoon observation data and the position of the typhoon center, the typhoon center is calculated. There is an extremely excellent effect that the center of the typhoon can be determined without depending on the skill of the operator and the strength of the typhoon (the typhoon eyes are clear / not clear).

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in the figure, this typhoon center detection system includes an observation device 1, a typhoon center detection device 2, and an output device 3. The observation apparatus 1 is an apparatus that captures wind and rain conditions using radio waves using an image sensor, a rain cloud radar, and the like, and outputs observation values that express the wind and rain conditions using radio wave intensity or luminance at each point in the observation target region. In the description of the first embodiment of the present invention, the observation apparatus 1 will be described as a part of the typhoon center detection system. However, in actually constructing such a system, the observation apparatus 1 is referred to as the observation apparatus 1. For example, it is needless to say that a configuration using observation values provided by an external observation device such as a weather radar mounted on a satellite or a ground-mounted radar such as Mt. Fuji radar may be adopted.

  The typhoon center detection device 2 is a device that detects the center of the typhoon based on the observation value output from the observation device 1. The typhoon center detection device 2 and the observation device 1 are connected by a network such as the Internet or a LAN (Local Area Network). However, the connection method between the observation apparatus 1 and the typhoon center detection apparatus 2 is not limited to such a configuration. For example, the data output from the observation apparatus 1 is stored on a flexible disk, a CD-ROM, or a DVD-ROM. It may be recorded on such a storage medium (removable medium), transported, and taken into the typhoon center detection device 2, or the observation value is printed on paper. It may be input to the detection device 2.

  The output device 3 is an output device that outputs to notify the user of the typhoon center position determined by the typhoon center detection device 2, and is constituted by a display device such as a liquid crystal display or a CRT device. It may be configured to print on paper by the apparatus, or may be configured to provide voice guidance of the position of the typhoon using, for example, a voice synthesis technique.

  Next, a detailed configuration of the typhoon center detection device 2 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the typhoon center detection device 2 includes an observation value acquisition unit 11, an integration unit 12, and a center determination unit 13. The observation value acquisition unit 11 is a part that inputs observation values output from the observation device 1 to the typhoon center detection device 2. In this case and in the following description, the term “part” means that a dedicated circuit or element having such a function is configured, but a similar function can be achieved using a general-purpose DSP (Digital Signal Processor). Of course, it may be configured by using a computer program that causes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) to perform the same function. As already described, the observation value acquisition unit 11 manually inputs the observation value via a network or a storage medium, or via an input device (keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.) (not shown). Here, it is assumed that the observed value is an observed value on a horizontal plane. In addition, as an observed value, any one of data such as an image, a radar reflection factor, a Doppler velocity distribution, or a combination thereof is used.

  The integrating unit 12 is a part that integrates the observation values acquired by the observation value acquiring unit 11 along a predetermined route in the observation region and outputs the integrated value. The integrating unit 12 integrates observation values along a plurality of paths, and outputs each integrated value. The center detection unit 13 obtains a maximum integrated value from the plurality of integrated values output by the integrating unit 12, determines the center of the route used by the integrating unit 12 to calculate the integrated value, and determines the center. This is the part that is output as the typhoon center.

  The observed value acquiring unit 11 is an example of an observed value acquiring unit in claim 1, and the integrating unit 12 is an example of an integrating unit in the same claim. The center determining unit 13 is an example of a center determining unit in the claims.

  Next, the operation principle of the typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described. In general, a typhoon with strong power has a relatively clear eye at the center, and a rain band is distributed around it in a circular or spiral manner, so it is relatively difficult to detect the center of a typhoon through satellite photography. Easy to. On the other hand, in the case of typhoons with medium or weak powers, it is known that the eyes in the center are unclear and the surrounding rain belts are also intermittently distributed. For this reason, it becomes difficult to detect the center of a typhoon with medium or weak power.

  On the other hand, since there is a strong rain cloud in the rain band, the observed value intensity or luminance at a point included in the rain band is larger than the observed value intensity or luminance at a point not included in the rain band. Therefore, for the values obtained by integrating the observation values at multiple points, the integrated value when there are points included in the rain zone at those multiple points is the sum of only points that are not included in the rain zone It becomes a value larger than the value obtained in this way. Therefore, a rain zone can be detected by drawing a plurality of curves in the observation region and obtaining a curve that maximizes the integrated value obtained by integrating the observed values at points on the curve. Then, after specifying such a curve, the center of the typhoon is determined by determining the center of the curve. The above is the outline of the operating principle of the typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

  According to this method, the center of the typhoon can be easily determined, and even if the shape of the rainfall zone is broken or intermittently distributed, the remaining curvilinear information can be captured, and the typhoon and its center can be captured. The position can be detected.

  More specifically, these operating principles are as follows. We have already mentioned how to set multiple curves in the observation area and integrate observation values along those curves. However, if these multiple curves are arbitrary curves, the degree of freedom of the curve is too large. For this reason, the search space becomes enormous, and calculation within a short time becomes difficult.

  Therefore, a circle is considered here as an example of a curve. In other words, it is assumed that the shape of the rain belt is a circle. Then, let each point in the observation area be the center of a circle, and consider several radii as the radius of the circle. An integrated value is calculated along the circumferences of a plurality of circles obtained in this way, and a circle having the maximum integrated value is obtained from the calculated integrated value. In reality, there cannot be a perfect circular rain belt, but many rain belts have a shape that surrounds the center of the typhoon in a ring shape. Therefore, in such a case, the rain zone is approximated by a plurality of circles, and the circle with the highest degree of approximation, that is, the circle with the highest integrated value, is found, and the center is set as the center of the typhoon. This is the principle of operation of the typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

  Based on the above operation principle, the operation of the typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, the observation value acquisition unit 11 acquires an observation value from the observation device 1. Note that the observation value acquisition unit 11 performs processing for converting the data format of the observation value output from the observation device 1 into an optimal data format for the typhoon center detection device 2 to perform processing. Moreover, you may design so that the typhoon center detection apparatus 2 may process the data format which the observation apparatus 1 outputs as it is.

  Subsequently, the integration unit 12 performs a process of integrating the observation values acquired by the observation value acquisition unit 11. FIG. 2 is a detailed flowchart of processing performed by the integrating unit 12 and the center determining unit 13. Prior to performing these processes, some points in the observation region and a plurality of radius values are selected in advance, and the X and Y coordinates of those points, and further, the plurality of radius values a are not shown. It is assumed that they are stored in arrays X [], Y [], a [] on a random access memory (hereinafter simply referred to as “memory”). First, in step S101, the integrating unit 12 initializes the counter variable I to 1. The counter variable I is a counter for indicating an element of the array X []. Next, in step S102, the integrating unit 12 initializes the counter variable J to 1. This counter variable J is a counter for indicating the elements of the array Y []. In step S103, the accumulating unit 12 initializes the counter variable K to 1. This counter variable K initializes the array a [].

を満たす総ての（ｘ，ｙ）における観測値の総和をとる。またこの他にも、観測領域に所定の大きさの格子からなるメッシュを設定しておき、式（１）を満たす（ｘ，ｙ）を含むメッシュから１つの点を選択して、メッシュ毎の点の観測値の総和を算出してもよい。また演算量を抑制する目的で、式（１）を満たす総ての（ｘ，ｙ）の観測値の総和をとるのではなく、何らかの基準に基づいていくつかの点を間引いてから、観測値の総和をとるようにしても構わない。 Next, in step S104, the integrating unit 12 observes at each point on the circumference of a circle centered on the point (X [I], Y [J]) in the observation region and having a radius a [K]. Accumulate values. How to add up

The sum of the observation values at all (x, y) satisfying is taken. In addition to this, a mesh composed of a grid having a predetermined size is set in the observation region, and one point is selected from the meshes including (x, y) satisfying the expression (1). You may calculate the sum total of the observed value of a point. Also, for the purpose of suppressing the amount of computation, the observed value is not obtained by summing all the observed values of (x, y) satisfying the expression (1), but after decimating some points based on some criterion. You may make it take the sum of.

  In subsequent step S105, the integrating unit 12 normalizes the integrated value calculated in step S104. This is processing based on the following reason. That is, if the observation values are simply accumulated in step S104 to obtain the sum, the accumulated value becomes larger when the observation values at more points are accumulated. Then, even if the observed values of the individual points are not large, there are cases where a larger integrated value is obtained as a result of collecting more points and integrating the observed values. For example, the value of a [K], that is, the number of points constituting the circumference of a circle having a larger radius is larger than the number of points constituting the circumference of a circle having a smaller radius. If it does so, the calculation which calculates | requires the center of a typhoon based on local maximum will become inaccurate. Therefore, when more points are collected and the observed values are integrated, corrections such as dividing the integrated value by the number of points are performed in order to reduce the influence of the number of points. Such correction processing is called normalization here.

  As another normalization method, for example, when one point is selected from the mesh and the total sum of the observed values is obtained, the integrated value may be divided by the number of meshes. In step S105, normalization may not be performed again based on the number of observation points, but the number of observation points used for integration may be limited in step S104. For example, in step S104, only four points are always selected regardless of the size of the radius of the circle, and only the observation values of these four points are added to obtain the integrated value. Since the integrated value is not affected by the number of constituent points, normalization is not necessary.

  If configured in this way, the amount of calculation for normalization can be reduced separately, but it is also conceivable that the integrated value causes a result depending on a method of selecting four points. That is, as already described, since the shape of the rain band is not necessarily a perfect circle, there is no guarantee that the points constituting the circumference are included in the rain band. Therefore, in the case of limiting the number in this way, it is better to use more than a certain number of observation values, and it is better to distribute the points where the observation values are used as uniformly as possible.

  The integrated value obtained as described above is stored in a memory (not shown) in association with the center coordinates (X [I], Y [J]) and the radius a [K]. This will be referred to later in calculating the maximum value.

  Subsequently, in step S106, the accumulating unit 12 adds 1 to the counter variable K. In step S107, it is determined whether K exceeds the maximum value. Since K is a counter variable representing an element of the array a [] having a plurality of radii, the maximum value of K is nothing but the number of elements of the array a []. If K does not exceed the maximum value, it means that there are still elements of the array a [] to be processed. Therefore, the process returns to step S104 (step S107: No), and the next radius (array a [] Next, the integrated value is calculated, and normalization is performed in step S105.

  When K exceeds the maximum value (step S107: Yes), the process proceeds to step S108, and the accumulating unit 12 adds 1 to the counter variable J. In step S109, it is determined whether the counter variable J exceeds the maximum value. Since the counter variable J is a counter variable for indicating an element of the array Y [], the maximum value of J is the number of elements of the array Y []. If J does not exceed the maximum (step S109: No), the process returns to step S103, and the counter variable K of the array a [] that has already reached the maximum value is initialized to 1 again. Then, the observed values are integrated and normalized with respect to a circle centered on a point defined by the next element of the array Y [].

  When J exceeds the maximum value (step S109: Yes), the process proceeds to step S110, and the accumulating unit 12 adds 1 to the counter variable I. In step S111, it is determined whether the counter variable I exceeds the maximum. Since the counter variable I is a counter variable for indicating the elements of the array x [], the maximum value of the counter variable I is the number of elements of the array x []. If I does not exceed the maximum value, there is still an array I [] to be processed. Therefore, the process returns to step S102, J that has already exceeded the maximum value is initialized to 1 again, and has already been described below. Such an integrated value calculation process is repeated.

  If I exceeds the maximum value (step S111: Yes), the process proceeds to step S112. In step S <b> 112, the center determining unit 13 obtains a maximum integrated value or a maximum integrated value from the integrated values calculated by the integrating unit 12. Then, the center and radius of the circle associated with the maximum or maximum integrated value are output to the output device 3 as the center and radius of the typhoon. If the maximum integrated value or the maximum integrated value is less than or less than a predetermined value, it may be determined that no typhoon has occurred, and the center and radius of the typhoon may not be output, or the typhoon may not be output. You may output to the output device 3 that it has not generate | occur | produced. The maximum integrated value need not be one. For example, a configuration may be adopted in which a plurality of circle centers at which the integrated value is a certain value or more are output.

  Finally, the output device 3 displays the center and radius of the typhoon in a form that can be used by the user, and notifies the user by printing or other methods.

  As is clear from the above, according to the typhoon center determination system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, even if the typhoon has an unclear central eye and the shape of the rainband has collapsed, The radius of the typhoon can be specified.

  In the processing described here, the radius of the determined number of circles is stored in advance as the array a []. However, in order for the features of the present invention to be exhibited, the present invention is not limited to such a configuration. For example, the distance between the center (X [I], Y [J]) and the end of the observation region is obtained. A radius range that can be taken is determined based on the distance, and the radius may be dynamically assigned according to the range. In other words, when there is a circle center at the center of the observation area, the distance from the center of the circle to the edge of the observation area becomes long, so a large radius can be secured, while the center of the circle is close to the edge of the observation area If it is at a position, if a circle with a very large radius is drawn, the circle will protrude from the observation region, and a correct integrated value cannot be obtained. If the center of the circle is at a position where a circle with a large radius can be drawn, the integrated value can be obtained for circles with many radii up to the large radius, so the maximum radius in the range that does not protrude from the observation area can be obtained. The number of radii to be selected may be changed according to the length.

  Here, one integrated value is calculated for each circle, and the integrated value of each circle is compared to determine the center and radius. However, if only the center of the typhoon needs to be calculated, the integrated value of a plurality of concentric circles centered on each point (X [], Y []) is further added to determine the integrated value for that point, The point where the integrated value between the concentric circles is maximum may be the center of the typhoon. In this case, if the number of circles used to calculate the integrated value is large, the integrated value for the center point may increase even if the integrated value for each circle is small. The integrated value is corrected (normalized) based on the above. The normalization method may be divided by the number of circles used to calculate the integrated value as described in the description of step S105.

  Further, the entire observation area may be divided into a plurality of partial areas, and such calculation may be performed for each partial area. This makes it possible to calculate the centers of a plurality of typhoons. In many cases, a plurality of typhoons are generated at the same time in the typhoon season. However, if the typhoon center is obtained for each partial region, the position of the typhoon can be specified without omission even in such a case.

  In addition, when the horizontal scale (radius a) of the typhoon can be known from information such as past observation results and general typhoon scales, only x and y are assumed as known values without making the radius a unknown. Needless to say, the search may be performed. For example, when the scale of the same typhoon is measured by a certain method relatively immediately before and it is not necessary to estimate the horizontal scale of the typhoon again, it is possible to fit a circle using the horizontal scale (radius a) obtained in advance. Since the search parameters can be reduced, the calculation load can be reduced.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the typhoon center detection system according to the first embodiment, the center of the typhoon is calculated by regarding the shape of the rain belt as a circle. However, it may be approximated to other curves. In addition, the radius of the circle with the maximum integrated value is the radius of the typhoon, but the horizontal scale of the typhoon is not determined from the shape of a single curve in this way, but from the distribution of the shape of multiple curves. The scale of the direction may be determined. The typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention has such characteristics.

  The configuration of the typhoon center detection system according to the second embodiment of the present invention is represented by the block diagram of FIG. 1 as in the first embodiment. In addition, since components having the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  In the typhoon center detection system according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the typhoon rainfall zone is approximated to an ellipse. As described in the first embodiment, the shape of the typhoon rainfall zone, which is a natural phenomenon, is rarely a perfect circle. In addition, when the rainfall zone collapses (when it is not a single closed curve), if it is attempted to forcibly approximate it with a circle, the integrated value of a plurality of circles may reach a maximum value. FIG. 3 is a binarized diagram of the distribution of a typhoon rain band whose shape is slightly collapsed, and further shows a state in which the shape of the rain band is approximated by a circle. In the figure, the white continuous area indicates a rain band, and circles 21 and 22 are circles that approximate the rain band. Many points on the circumference of the circle 21 and the circle 22 are included in the rain zone. Therefore, even if the integrated value is calculated for any circle, the obtained integrated value shows a high value. Therefore, there is a possibility that the center of any circle is determined as the center of the typhoon. However, the center of the circle 21 and the center of the circle 22 exist in completely different regions. Therefore, when a circle having the center of the circle at a position completely different from the center of the typhoon is actually selected, the error becomes too large.

  On the other hand, FIG. 4 shows the same rain band approximated by an ellipse. An ellipse 23 in the figure is an example of an ellipse set to approximate a rain band. Since most of the points constituting the circumference of the ellipse 23 are included in the rain band, the integrated value calculated based on the circumference of the ellipse 23 shows a very high value. Therefore, it can be considered that the center of the ellipse thus identified is positioned in a region close to the center of the typhoon.

  Next, the operation of the typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described. In the first embodiment, a process of applying a circle to the rain zone is performed. Therefore, as the parameters of the circle to be applied, the X and Y coordinates of the center of the circle and the radius a are stored in the X [], Y [] and a [] arrays, respectively, to search for the optimum circle. It was something to do. On the other hand, an ellipse is specified by five parameters including a central coordinate (X, Y), a long axis α, a short axis β, and a long axis inclination angle θ. Therefore, also in the typhoon center detection system according to the second embodiment of the present invention, as in the first embodiment, the possible values of the parameters X, Y, α, β, θ are previously set in the arrays X [], Y [ ], Α [], β [], θ [], and all combinations of X [], Y [], α [], β [], θ [] in the first embodiment. An integrated value is obtained by performing the same processing as in steps S104 and S105. Then, if the maximum integrated value is obtained from the obtained integrated value by the same process as in step S112 in the first embodiment, the center of the ellipse is specified as in the first embodiment, and as a result, the typhoon The center can also be specified.

  By the way, although there is a spatial spread in the rain belt, there is a case where it is not possible to uniquely identify such a rain belt shape if it is approximated by a single curve having no spatial spread. Therefore, in the second embodiment, a combination of X, Y, α, β, θ that is greater than or equal to a predetermined value is mapped to the XY-α-β-θ space, and the XY-α-β-θ space is mapped. In step (2), a region having an integrated value equal to or greater than a predetermined value is obtained. And you may make it obtain | require the center of a typhoon by calculating the center point in the area | region. As the calculation method of the center point, the median value at both ends of each parameter of the area continuously having the integrated value equal to or greater than the predetermined value may be adopted, or the load average (centroid value) is calculated by considering the integrated value as the weight. ) May be calculated.

  In addition, when the center points of the respective values of X, Y, α, β, and θ are calculated in this way, the distribution of α and β for which the integrated value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value is obtained for X, Y, and θ. Thus, the spread of the typhoon can also be calculated. By obtaining the spread of the typhoon, the size (scale) of the typhoon can be determined, and the scale of the typhoon can be used for impact prediction and damage prediction.

  As is clear from the above, in the typhoon center detection system according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the rain band is approximated by an ellipse, so that the rain band is more deformed than when approximated by a circle. It becomes possible to cope with it, and it becomes easy to obtain the center of the typhoon.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
In the second embodiment, the rain band is approximated by an ellipse, but it may be approximated by another curve. For example, considering the physical properties of a typhoon, a method of approximating the observed value distribution with a spiral curve is advantageous. The typhoon forms a huge cloud vortex due to the rotation of the earth. For this reason, an open curve such as a spiral may be easier to approximate the shape than a closed curve such as a circle or an ellipse. Therefore, in the following, a case will be described in which a rain band is approximated by a spiral curve instead of a circle or an ellipse.

  FIG. 5 is an image obtained by binarizing the distribution of the typhoon rain band, and further shows the shape of the rain band approximating a spiral curve. The spiral curve 24 is a spiral curve that is appropriately selected for parameters and applied to the rain zone. Spiral curves include Ritues, Archimedean spirals, clothoids, etc., and candidate paths may be set using them, but here we explain how to actually apply it to the rain zone using logarithmic spirals I decided to.

  The configuration of the typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 3 is also represented by the block diagram of FIG. In addition, since components having the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

Next, the operation of the typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described. Here, a logarithmic spiral having the origin (r = 0, θ = 0) of the r-θ polar coordinate system as a central coordinate is expressed by r = α exp (βθ). α and β are parameters. Considering that the center position may be a point other than the origin (x = r ₀ , y = θ ₀ ) (where r ₀ and θ ₀ are constants), the parameters are 4 of x, y, α, and β. Become one. Therefore, in the typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, values x, y, α, and β that can be taken in advance are stored in arrays x [], y [], α [], and β [], respectively. The observed value of each point on the spiral curve by each combination is integrated in the same manner as in step S104 in the first embodiment to obtain an integrated value. Then, normalization is performed as in step S105 in the first embodiment.

  In this manner, after obtaining integrated values for all combinations of x, y, α, and β, the maximum integrated value is obtained in the same manner as in step S112 in Embodiment 1, and the typhoon center is calculated. It should be noted that a plurality of x, y, α, and β in which the integrated value is greater than or equal to the predetermined value may be selected. Similarly to the second embodiment, x, y, α, and You may make it calculate x, y, (alpha), and (beta) used as the center of distribution from distribution of (beta).

  As is clear from the above, according to the typhoon center detection system of the third embodiment of the present invention, the center of the typhoon is determined based on the integrated value obtained by integrating the observed values along the spiral curve closer to the actual shape of the rainfall zone. Thus, the center position of the typhoon can be determined with high accuracy.

  In the case of a logarithmic spiral, the number of parameters is four, and the search space or the number of possible parameter combinations is smaller than that of an ellipse with five parameters. Optimal parameters can be searched.

  Although the logarithmic spiral has been particularly described in the above description, it goes without saying that the integrated value of the observed values may be calculated using another spiral or an open curve.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
Next, the observed values of a plurality of typhoons that have been observed so far are templated in advance, and the center of the typhoon and the typhoon are compared by matching processing between the templated observed values and the observed values of the current typhoon. A typhoon center detection system for estimating information about other typhoons will be described.

  FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the typhoon center detection system according to the fourth embodiment. In the figure, components having the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted. Similar to the typhoon center detection device 2 in the first embodiment, the typhoon center detection device 4 is a part that estimates the center of the typhoon from the observation value acquired by the observation device 1 and outputs it to the output device 3. The typhoon center detection device 4 includes an observation value acquisition unit 11, a typhoon template storage unit 41, a collation unit 42, and a center determination unit 43.

  The typhoon template storage unit 41 is a storage device or circuit that stores a typhoon template, or a storage medium. Here, the typhoon template is a model of typical typhoon observations, and the reflection intensity value of the rainband obtained by ordinary weather radar itself or simplified (removes unnecessary parts). Further, it is data obtained by further imaging (multi-value / binarization). Similarly, a process such as simplification may be applied to an image of a rain band obtained from a satellite radar. In order to handle various types of typhoons, rather than collecting multiple data on similar typhoons, each typhoon is classified based on the characteristics of the typhoon, and one representative typhoon is extracted from each classification. The memory usage is better. Therefore, for example, Dvorak ("Tropical cyclone intensity analysis using satellite data" (NOAA Tech. Rep 1984)) introduces a method of analyzing typhoons using typical typhoon patterns. It is efficient to create a template for a typhoon pattern.

  The collation unit 42 is a part that collates the observation value acquired by the observation device 1 with the typhoon template stored in the typhoon template storage unit 41. The center determining unit 43 is a part that determines the center of the typhoon based on the matching result between the observed value calculated by the matching unit 42 and the typhoon template.

  Next, the operation of the typhoon center detection device 4 will be described with reference to the drawings. When the observation device 1 outputs the observation value, the typhoon center detection device 4 acquires the observation value via the observation value acquisition unit 11. Next, the matching unit 42 performs matching processing with the typhoon template from the observation values acquired by the observation value acquisition unit 11. FIG. 7 is a flowchart of processing in the collation unit 42 and the center determination unit 43. The collation unit 42 initializes the counter variable I to 1 in step S401 in the figure. This counter variable is a counter variable used to indicate any one of the typhoon templates.

  Here, it is assumed that the typhoon template is stored in the memory as the array T []. That is, the typhoon template array can access each element by a symbol such as T [0] and T [1]. Each typhoon template record stores at least information indicating whether or not the spatial distribution of observation values, the position of the center, and the shape are symmetrical. Furthermore, observation values of typhoons observed in the past, such as typhoon intensity, course direction, and moving speed, may be stored in the typhoon template. In order to store the spatial distribution of observation values, for example, observation value information at each point in the observation target region is stored in a two-dimensional array. If the observation value is obtained as a radar image, the radar image is divided into several meshes, and representative observation values or average observation values are selected and stored for each mesh. Also good.

  Subsequently, in step S402, the collation unit 42 reads the typhoon template T [I] from the typhoon template storage unit 41. In step S403, the collation unit 42 checks whether the template T [I] is point symmetric. Here, the typhoon being point-symmetric means that the shape of the typhoon is substantially point-symmetric with respect to the center of the typhoon. FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a typhoon whose shape is point-symmetric and a typhoon that is not. In the figure, the typhoon shown in (A) has a substantially point-symmetric shape with respect to the center. Moreover, the typhoon shown in (B) does not have a point-symmetric shape. As already described, whether or not the typhoon is point-symmetric is stored in advance in the template T []. If the shape of the typhoon is point-symmetric, it is sufficient to determine the movement correlation between the observation data of the typhoon template T [I] and the observation value acquired by the observation value acquisition unit 11. Therefore, in this case, the process proceeds to step S404 (step S403: Yes).

として得られる。移動相関はｐとｑとをそれぞれ１ずつずらしてＶを求め、このようにして求められた複数のＶのうちの最大のＶをＴ[Ｉ]のマッチング値として採用する。 In step S <b> 404, the collation unit 42 performs collation processing based on the movement correlation between the observation data of the template T [I] and the observation value acquired by the observation value acquisition unit 11. The observation value at the point (x, y) acquired by the observation value acquisition unit 11 is f (x, y), and the observation data of the point (p, q) corresponding to the point (x, y) of the template T [I]. Is T (p, q), the matching value is

As obtained. In the moving correlation, V is obtained by shifting p and q by 1 respectively, and the maximum V among the plurality of V thus obtained is adopted as a matching value of T [I].

そして、ｐとｑ、θをそれぞれ所定値ずつずらして式（３）に代入したＶを複数個計算し、これら複数のＶから最大となるＶをＴ[Ｉ]のマッチング値とするのである。 On the other hand, if the shape of the typhoon is not point-symmetric in step S403, collation cannot be performed using only the moving correlation, so it is necessary to examine the rotational correlation as well. Therefore, in this case, the process proceeds to step S405 (step S403: No). In step S405, the collation unit 42 observes data T ((p−q) obtained by rotating the point (p, q) by an angle θ around the center position (pc, qc) of the typhoon of the template T [I]. pc) cosθ− (q−qc) sinθ + pc, (p−pc) sinθ + (q−qc) cosθ + qc) and the matching value of the observed value f (x, y) at the point (x, y) by Equation (3) calculate.

Then, a plurality of V values obtained by shifting p, q, and θ by predetermined values and substituting them into the equation (3) are calculated, and the maximum V from the plurality of Vs is set as a matching value of T [I].

  After calculating the matching value in step S404 or step S405, the collation unit 42 adds 1 to the counter variable I in step S406. In step S407, the collation unit 42 checks whether the counter variable I exceeds the maximum value. Here, since the counter variable I is a counter variable indicating any element of the typhoon template T [], the maximum value of the counter variable I is nothing but the number of elements of the typhoon template T []. The counter variable I exceeding the maximum value means that there is no typhoon template to be processed any more. Therefore, if the counter variable I does not exceed the maximum value, there is still a typhoon template to be processed, so the process returns to step S402 to process the next typhoon template (step S407: No). On the other hand, if I exceeds the maximum value, the process proceeds to step S408 (step S407: Yes).

  In the subsequent step S408, the process proceeds to the center determination unit 43. In step S408, the center determination unit 43 obtains a maximum matching value among the matching values calculated by the matching unit 42 in steps S404 and S405. In step S409, the center determination unit 43 acquires the center position stored in the template used to calculate the maximum matching value, corrects the center position by the amount shifted by the movement correlation, and outputs the center position. Output to device 3. If necessary, not only the center position but also information such as typhoon intensity and trajectory stored in the typhoon template, a traveling direction, and a moving speed may be output. Information such as the direction of travel and the trajectory is important information for predicting the future typhoon state, such as prediction of the course of the typhoon.

  As is apparent from the above, according to the typhoon center detection system of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the typhoon center is calculated from past typhoon information using the typhoon template composed of observation information accumulated in the past. Is possible. It is also possible to output information other than the center related to the typhoon currently being observed.

  In the above description, the method of using the cross-correlation method for matching with the typhoon template has been described. However, the template selection method that calculates the distance value between the typhoon template and the observed value and minimizes the distance value. (Residual sequential test method) may be adopted.

Embodiment 5 FIG.
In the typhoon center detection system according to the fourth embodiment, the matching process is performed using typhoon templates accumulated based on typhoons observed in the past. However, information on the typhoon that has already obtained information such as the center of the typhoon and the spread of the typhoon is stored as a typhoon template using the method of the first to fourth embodiments, and the same typhoon is compared with the typhoon template. By doing so, the second and subsequent center detection processes can be performed at high speed. The typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention has such a feature.

  FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. In the figure, the components denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 6 are the same as those in the fourth embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted. Similar to the typhoon center detection device 2 in the first embodiment, the typhoon center detection device 5 is a part that estimates the center of the typhoon from the observation value acquired by the observation device 1 and outputs it to the output device 3. The typhoon center detection device 5 includes an observation value acquisition unit 11, a typhoon template storage unit 41, a collation unit 42, and a center determination unit 51. The center determining unit 51 has the same function as the center determining unit 43 in FIG. 6, but the center determining unit 51 outputs the observation information of the typhoon currently being observed as a typhoon template to the typhoon template storage unit. The point is different. The typhoon template storage unit 41 does not store a template of another typhoon observed in the past, but stores a typhoon template obtained from past observation values of the typhoon currently being observed. The typhoon template is generated from the observation value by the typhoon center detection device 5 in accordance with the detection process of the typhoon center. It can be prepared by storing it in the typhoon template storage unit 41. When the typhoon template is stored, the time when the observed value used for generating the typhoon template is also stored.

  Next, the operation of the typhoon center detection system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention will be described. First, it is assumed that the typhoon template storage unit 41 stores typhoon template data previously obtained from observation values of the same typhoon before the typhoon center detection device 5 performs the typhoon center detection process. When the observation device 1 outputs the observation value, the typhoon center detection device 5 acquires the observation value via the observation value acquisition unit 11. Next, the matching unit 42 performs matching processing with the typhoon template from the observation values acquired by the observation value acquisition unit 11. FIG. 10 is a flowchart of processing in the collation unit 42 and the center determination unit 51. In step S501 in the figure, the collation unit 42 performs a smoothing process on the observed value. In general, there is a tendency for a strong heavy rain region to exist near the center of the typhoon, but a heavy rain region does not always exist in the innermost rain zone, but is often located slightly outside. It has been. Since the radar observation value for the heavy rain region has a strong intensity value or luminance value, an appropriate matching result may not be obtained if the matching process is performed as it is. Therefore, in step S501, matching of observed values is performed in advance.

  FIG. 11 is a detailed flowchart of the observed value smoothing process in step S501. In step S511 in the figure, the counter variable I is initialized to 1. The counter variable I is a counter variable used to indicate a pixel or mesh in the x direction (horizontal direction) of the observation region. Subsequently, in step S512, the counter variable J is initialized to 1. The counter variable J is a counter variable used to indicate a pixel or a mesh in the y direction (vertical direction) of the observation region.

  In step S513, it is checked whether or not the observed value f (I, J) specified by the counter variables I and J exceeds the threshold Th. If the threshold Th is exceeded, the process proceeds to step S514 (step S513: Yes). In step S514, the observed value f (I, J) is set to Th and smoothed, and then the process proceeds to step S515. On the other hand, if the observed value f (I, J) is less than or equal to the threshold Th in step S513, the process proceeds directly to step S515.

  In step S515, 1 is added to the counter variable J. In step S516, it is determined whether J exceeds the maximum value. Since J is a counter variable indicating the number of pixels or meshes in the y direction of the observation region, the maximum value of J is the number of pixels or meshes in the y direction. If J exceeds the maximum value, it means that there are no more pixels or meshes to be processed in the y direction, and the process proceeds to step S517 (Yes in step S516). If J is equal to or less than the maximum value, the process returns to step S513 to process a pixel or mesh adjacent in the y direction (step S516: No).

  Next, in step S517, 1 is added to the counter variable I. In step S518, it is determined whether I exceeds the maximum value. Since I is a counter variable indicating the number of pixels or mesh in the x direction of the observation region, the maximum value of I is the number of pixels or mesh in the x direction. If I is equal to or smaller than the maximum value, the process returns to step S512, and the pixel or mesh adjacent in the x direction is processed (step S518: Yes). If I exceeds the maximum value, it means that there are no more pixels or meshes to be processed in the x direction, and the process ends (step S518: Yes). The above is the smoothing process of the observation value in step S501.

  Subsequently, in step S502 of the flowchart of FIG. 10, matching processing based on movement correlation is performed. Since this process is the same as the process of step S404 in the fourth embodiment, a description thereof will be omitted. Next, in step S503, the moving speed of the typhoon is calculated. This is because the movement distance can be obtained when the matching by the movement correlation is performed in step S502, and the observation value acquisition time of the typhoon template stored in accordance with the typhoon template and the current observation value are stored. Is obtained by dividing by the time difference from the acquired time.

  Next, in step S504, based on the typhoon center and observation values obtained so far, at least the spatial distribution of observation values and the position of the center are output as a typhoon template. Whether the shape is symmetric or not is calculated by rotating the spatial distribution of the observed values and calculating the difference before and after the rotation. If the difference is less than or equal to the specified value, the shape is symmetric. When the value exceeds a predetermined value, it may be determined that the shape is not symmetrical, and the result may be output. In the fifth embodiment, since the observed values are matched at different times of the same typhoon, the shape symmetry processing may be omitted.

  As is clear from the above, according to the typhoon center detection system of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the center is detected using the typhoon template generated from the same typhoon. The center of the typhoon can be detected with a small calculation load.

  In the description so far, if the typhoon is the same, the distribution of the rainband and the intensity of the rain cloud rarely change in a short time, and therefore the observation value smoothing process may be omitted. On the other hand, the smoothing process described here may be used for the matching process with the typhoon template in the fourth embodiment. If it is sufficient to obtain only the center of the typhoon, the calculation of the typhoon moving speed may be omitted.

Embodiment 6 FIG.
Next, a typhoon center determination system that determines the center of a typhoon based on a wind vector when a wind vector (wind direction or magnitude) at each observation point is obtained as an observed value will be described. FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a typhoon center determining system according to the sixth embodiment having such characteristics. In the figure, the components denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted. The typhoon center determination system according to the sixth embodiment includes an observation device 1, a typhoon center detection device 6, and an output device 3.

  The typhoon center detection device 6 is a part that estimates the center of the typhoon from the observation value acquired by the observation device 1 and outputs it to the output device 3 in the same manner as the typhoon center detection device 2 in the first embodiment. The typhoon center detection device 5 includes an observation value acquisition unit 11, a wind direction integration unit 61, and a center determination unit 13. The wind direction integrating unit 61 is a part corresponding to the integrating unit 12 in the first embodiment, and is a part that integrates observation values along a certain curved path in the same manner as the integrating unit 12, but the wind direction integrating unit 61 is The feature is that the wind direction at each point is used as an observed value.

  The operation principle of the typhoon center detection device 6 will be described as follows. Since the typhoon is a huge vortex generated by a tropical cyclone, wind is generated in the direction of the typhoon around the eye of the typhoon. Then, when the wind direction and wind intensity at each point are obtained from observation results such as Doppler radar, these wind vectors are integrated (integrated) in a predetermined path direction, and the integrated value becomes maximum. If the route is found, it can be estimated that the center point of the curve of this route is the typhoon eye.

  On the other hand, in the case of a curve that does not center on the eye of the typhoon, when the integrated value is obtained along this curved path, the wind often blows in the direction of decreasing the integrated value. Therefore, the integrated value calculated based on the wind direction and the wind intensity can be expected to be a maximum on a curve centered on the eye of the typhoon.

Next, the operation of the typhoon center determining system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention will be described. The observation apparatus 1 calculates the wind direction at each observation point using, for example, Doppler radar. FIG. 13 shows that when the line-of-sight direction component from the radar is obtained at two points on the circumference around the radar, these two lines of sight are obtained from the two wind sizes. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the method of calculating | requiring the magnitude | size of the wind of the circumferential direction in the point on the circumference in the direction which bisects the angle | corner which a direction makes. In the figure, the Doppler radar 65 obtains the magnitude of the wind in the line-of-sight direction at the observation reference points 66 and 67. Note that the points 66 and 67 are both equidistant from the radar 65. Now, it is assumed that the wind magnitude (wind speed) in the line-of-sight direction at the point 66 is V1, and the wind magnitude at the point 67 is V2. The angle formed by the point 66, the radar 65, and the point 67 is 2θ. In this case, if it is assumed that there is continuity in the magnitude and direction of the wind between the points 66 and 67, the angle is equally divided by θ and only the same distance as the points 66 and 67. At a point 68 away from the radar 65, the wind magnitude VA in the line-of-sight direction and the wind magnitude VB in the direction perpendicular to the line-of-sight direction are given by the equations (4) and (5), respectively.

  In this way, the radar 65 calculates the wind direction at each point in the observation target area. This wind direction is taken into the observation value acquisition unit 11 of the typhoon center detection device 6 as an output of the observation device 1. Subsequently, the wind direction integrating unit 61 and the center determining unit 13 determine the center of the typhoon by the process represented by the flowchart shown in FIG. 2 as in the first embodiment. Since these processes have been described in the first embodiment, a description thereof is omitted here. However, here, the circle may be a curved path as in the first embodiment, and the ellipse may be a curved path as in the second embodiment. Further, as in the third embodiment, a spiral curve may be adopted as the curved path.

  In step S104, the component in the direction along the tangent line of the curved path is calculated from VA and VB obtained from the expressions (4) and (5), and this value is integrated along the path. To do. Here, the direction along the tangent includes a direction toward the center of the route and a direction away from the center, but the direction toward the center is defined as a positive direction, and the direction away from the center is defined as a negative direction. . By giving a code in this way, a wind sucked into the center of a typhoon that is a low atmospheric pressure is distinguished from a wind that is not. As a result, if there is a wind component sucked into the typhoon center on the path, the magnitude is made to contribute to the integrated value. On the other hand, when there is a wind that does not go to the center of the typhoon on the route, the integrated value is reduced. As a result, the integrated value of the route toward the typhoon center is relatively larger than other routes. Therefore, the detection accuracy of the typhoon center is improved.

  As is apparent from the above, according to the typhoon center detection system of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the wind direction is integrated along the path, and the center of the curve of the path where the integrated value is maximum is detected as the center of the typhoon. Therefore, the center of the typhoon can be specified even if the typhoon has a broken shape or the typhoon has an unclear eye.

  Also, when the typhoon approaches the front, the front activity becomes active, and a very strong rainfall zone may occur. In such a case, if an integrated value is obtained based on the rainfall zone distribution and the center of the typhoon is to be determined, the frontal activity may be affected. According to the typhoon center detection system of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, since the center of the typhoon can be determined without depending on the distribution of the rain band, a highly accurate typhoon center determination process is often performed. Can do it. Furthermore, if the center of the typhoon is determined by this method, it is not affected by the echo distribution state.

  Alternatively, the wind direction in the vertical plane of the observation area may be estimated by using weather radar or the like using equations (4) and (5), and the results may be integrated to detect the typhoon center. In general, it is known that clouds are highly developed near the center of a typhoon and that there is convection (upflow) inside. Therefore, the magnitude of the upward flow may be integrated along a predetermined route, and the center of the curve of the route where the integrated value becomes the maximum value may be determined as the center position of the typhoon.

  The present invention relates to a technique for determining the center of a typhoon based on an observation value obtained by a weather radar or the like, and can be used, for example, for predicting the course of a typhoon or for disaster countermeasures.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the typhoon center detection system by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart of the process of the typhoon center detection system by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the state which applied the circle | round | yen to the binarized typhoon rain belt distribution. It is a figure which shows the state which applied the ellipse to the distribution of the rainfall band of the binarized typhoon. It is a figure which shows the state which applied the spiral curve to the distribution of the rainfall zone of the binarized typhoon. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the typhoon center detection system by Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a flowchart of the process of the typhoon center detection system by Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is the figure which represented typically the typhoon whose shape is point symmetry, and the typhoon which is not so. It is a block which shows the structure of the typhoon center detection system by Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a flowchart of the process of the typhoon center detection system by Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a flowchart of the smoothing process of the typhoon center detection system by Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a block which shows the structure of the typhoon center detection system by Embodiment 6 of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the method of calculating | requiring the magnitude | size of the wind of the circumferential direction in Embodiment 6 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 observation equipment,
2, 4, 5, 6 Typhoon center detection device,
3 output device,
11 Observation value acquisition unit,
12 Accumulation part,
13, 43, 51 Center determining unit,
41 Typhoon template storage unit,
42 verification part,
61 Wind direction integrating part.

Claims (15)

Observation value acquisition means for acquiring observation values at each point in the observation area;
Integration means for integrating observation values along a predetermined path in the observation region and outputting the integrated value;
Based on the integrated value output by the integrating means, the integrated value of each point is calculated, the point having the maximum integrated value among the integrated values of each point is determined as the typhoon center, and the typhoon center is output. A central determination means to
A typhoon center detection device comprising: The center determining means determines that a typhoon is generated in the observation area and outputs the typhoon center when the maximum integrated value is a predetermined value or more. The typhoon center detection device described. The integrating means integrates the observed values along a circle centered on each point,
2. The center determination unit according to claim 1, wherein the center determination unit calculates an integration value of each point that is the center of a circle used for calculation of the integration value based on the integration value output by the integration unit. Typhoon center detector. The integrating means integrates the observed values along an ellipse centered on each point,
2. The center determination unit according to claim 1, wherein the center determination unit calculates an integration value of each point that is the center of an ellipse used to calculate the integration value based on the integration value output by the integration unit. Typhoon center detector. The integrating means integrates the observed values along a spiral curve centered on each point,
2. The center determining unit calculates an integrated value of each point that is the center of a spiral curve used for calculating the integrated value based on the integrated value output by the integrating unit. Typhoon center detector. The center determining means further selects an integrated value of a plurality of the routes centered on a point determined as the typhoon center from the integrated values calculated by the integrating means, and based on a distribution of integrated values of the plurality of the routes The typhoon center detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spread of the typhoon is calculated. The typhoon center detection apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the integrating means integrates the intensity of rain clouds as the observed value. The typhoon center detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the integration unit integrates wind vectors as the observed values along the path. The typhoon center detection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the integrating means integrates tangential components of the path of the wind vector. The typhoon center detection device according to claim 8, wherein the integrating means obtains an updraft component from the wind vector and integrates the upflow component along the path. Observation value acquisition means for acquiring observation values of typhoons to be observed at each point in the observation area;
Typhoon template storage means for storing the relationship between past typhoon observation data and the position of the center of the typhoon;
Collation means for collating the observation value acquired by the observation value acquisition means with the observation data stored in the typhoon template storage means and calculating a matching value;
The observation data closest to the observation value is selected based on the matching value calculated by the matching means, and the typhoon template storage means associates the observation data with the position of the typhoon center and the observation value to store the observation target. Center determining means for determining the typhoon center;
A typhoon center detection device comprising: The said collating means collates the observed value and the observation data which the said typhoon template memory | storage means has memorize | stored, after smoothing the observed value in each said point, The characterized by the above-mentioned. Typhoon center detector. The typhoon center storage device according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the typhoon template storage unit stores a relationship between observation data of a typhoon different from the observation target typhoon and a position of the center of the typhoon. The said typhoon template storage means stores the relationship between the observation data of the observation target typhoon at a predetermined time and the position of the center of the typhoon at that time and the time of the observation data. The typhoon center detection apparatus as described in any one of 13. The collating unit determines a movement correlation between the observation value acquired by the observation value acquisition unit and the observation data stored in the typhoon template storage unit, calculates the matching value, and also performs the observation of the observation value. Find the amount of movement from the data,
The center determining means calculates the moving speed of the typhoon to be observed from the movement amount obtained by the collating means and the elapsed time from the time of the observation data stored in the typhoon template storage means. The typhoon center detection apparatus as described in any one of Claims 11-14.

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