JP2005120607A - Road construction method, and concrete block and superstructure work slab used for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a road construction method and a superstructure work slab and a concrete block used for the method for constructing a road having statically and dynamically excellent stability allowing an increase in the widened amount by a required amount and coping with ground looseness or the like caused by an earthquake or a heavy rain. <P>SOLUTION: In this road construction method and the superstructure work slab and concrete block used for the method, a foundation anchored to a mountain slope is constructed, and the wide concrete block is erected on the valley side on the upper part up to a height lower by a predetermined height than the height of a planned road surface. The superstructure work slab shaped to project as far as the valley side end of the planned road surface is balanced and anchored to the upper face of the block, and foamed mortar or foamed concrete serving as a back-fill material is filled and placed below the mountain side of the superstructure work slab at the back face of the block to construct the road. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a road building method capable of building a road suitable for widening or building a road on a steep mountain slope, a concrete block used therefor, and an upper construction plate.

  In general, when roads are widened or built on the slopes of mountainous areas, the lower foundation is struck in accordance with the planned road width, a strong retaining wall or a large block is set on the upper part, and earth and sand (banking) between the slopes. And the upper part of the road was used as a road. In this general construction method, the upper end position of the retaining wall or block coincides with the road edge, so the road width is limited, and when the slope is steep, the road with the required width cannot be formed. is there.

  In particular, in the steep mountainous area, there are many areas where the road width is narrow and large buses cannot be operated due to separation. The mountain side is a cliff that cannot be cut. In order to widen the road created on such a steep mountain slope, the bottom intermediate position of the floor slab formed to the required width is supported by a pillar standing on the foundation, and the road extends from the pillar position to the valley side. A wide range is also taken. However, in this road widening method using floor slabs, it is necessary to balance the load of the overhanging part, and it is necessary to firmly fix the slab's hillside position on the road surface. There is a problem that it is necessary to perform construction work and in many cases the road must be completely closed for a long period of time, and it cannot be implemented on a road where there is no detour or where a detour cannot be created.

  In order to overcome the above difficulties, Patent No. 2929588 (Road Expansion Structure), as described in the claims, in the road expansion structure that expands the road whose valley side forms an inclined surface to the valley side, It is characterized in that a pillar body composed of a foundation and a pillar erected on the foundation is erected, an inclined plate obliquely installed with the valley side facing upward is provided on the upper part of the support body, and embankment is provided thereon. A road expansion structure is shown. The inclination angle of the inclined plate is the repose angle of the embankment (about 30 °). That is, when banking is performed, the inclined plate is stably supported on the support column.

  According to this widening method using an inclined plate, the lower foundation and the upper foundation are struck at a position away from the end face of the existing road to the valley side, a column is placed on the lower foundation, and the inclined plate is placed with the valley side facing upward. Since it only needs to be fixed and then embanked, it can be widened to the valley side from the lower foundation, and there is an advantage that the road does not need to be completely closed.

  However, in the road widening method using the inclined plate, the inclined plate itself is unstable, and the overhang width with respect to the support column is limited to 1/3 of the entire horizontal width of the inclined plate. There are problems such as difficulty in obtaining a stable safety design.

In order to improve the problem of the above-mentioned Japanese Patent No. 2929588, the present inventors proposed Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-356801 (a road building method and an upper construction plate used therefor). In this method, a foundation is formed below the mountain slope where the road is to be widened or built, and a concrete block is set up on the valley side to a height lower than the planned road surface by a predetermined height, between the back surface and the mountain slope. Concrete is cast on the substructure,
A horizontal embedded floor slab placed on the upper surface of the substructure, and a wall slab that is linearly or curvedly extended from the valley end surface of the embedded floor slab to the outermost end position of the planned road Place the embedded floor slab of the upper construction plate according to the upper surface of the lower construction,
Anchoring the embedded floor slab to the concrete of the substructure, and anchoring the upper part of the wall slab to the mountain slope,
In the upper part of the embedded floor slab, earth and sand are reclaimed between the wall slab and the mountain slope, and a road is created. Since the upper construction plate used here has an embedded floor slab and a wall slab, it is one of the features that it is Z-shaped or U-shaped. In addition, the concrete block should have a flexible structure in the horizontal direction and be fixed between the back surface of the concrete block and the mountain slope so that it can be firmly fixed and flexible against vibrations acting in the horizontal direction during an earthquake. Plans to install lightweight concrete with a specific gravity of 2.0 or less to reduce inertial force.

However, the road construction method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-566801 and the upper construction plate used therefor have the functions as described and are being put into practical use. A lot of production costs are required, and transportation costs are high. In addition, the concrete having a specific gravity of 2.0 or less used as a backfilling material has a problem in that the quality is excessive and the finishing cost is high.
Japanese Patent No. 2929588, page 1, Fig. 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-356801, page 1, FIG.

  The present invention improves the road construction method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-556801, and can widen the road while ensuring the traffic on the current road even on steep mountain slopes, increasing the overhang width. And it aims at providing the road construction method which is excellent in static and dynamic stability, can be provided easily at a low cost.

  Moreover, it aims at reducing a construction unit price, improving backfilling material and improving performance.

  It is another object of the present invention to make the shape of the upper work plate closer to a flat plate shape, which can be easily manufactured, transported and skirted and can be provided at low cost.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a concrete block that can be manufactured at low cost, is easy to construct, is durable, and can stably support a heavy object on a flat plate.

The present invention capable of solving the above problems is to create a foundation anchored to the mountain slope below the mountain slope where the road is to be widened or constructed, or only the foundation depending on the field conditions. ,
Stand a wide concrete block on the valley side at the top of the foundation to a height lower than the planned road surface by a predetermined height,
The back of each block to be stacked is filled with foam mortar or foam concrete or lightweight concrete as a backfill material, and piled up concrete blocks that can be used as a back scaffold,
The upper construction plate in the form of projecting to the valley side end of the planned road surface is balanced and placed on the upper surface of the block, and this is anchored to the mountain slope,
Filling and placing foamed mortar or foamed concrete or lightweight concrete as a backfill material on the back side of the block below the mountain side of the upper construction plate,
Between the upper construction plate and the mountain slope, earth or sand is appropriately buried or asphalt is laid to create a road as planned.

  In the road construction method of the present invention, the foundation is formed on the mountain slope and anchored, and a wide concrete block is set up along the side of the valley. Fill and place concrete blocks, pile up the concrete block, place and fix the upper construction plate on it, then place the backfill material, wait for it to harden, and refill the earth and sand or lay asphalt as appropriate Widen or build the road. This procedure requires fewer man-hours, can be completed in a short period of time, and can be safely constructed. This is a work on the foundation, in which concrete blocks are placed in order, and the upper construction plate produced at the factory is placed on it. One-sided passage is possible except for the placement work of the upper plate and the placement time of the backfill material.

The design can be divided into the foundation, concrete block, upper work plate, backfill material, anchor, fixing bolt, etc., and can be calculated easily using the model. Therefore, safe design is possible at low cost. Foaming mortar or foamed concrete as a backfilling material can be adjusted to a specific gravity of 1.5 g / cm ³ or less. By setting the specific gravity to 1.5 g / cm ³ or less, not only the material cost can be lowered, but also the seismic strength can be improved based on the decrease in inertial force. Regarding the compressive strength, ² to 2.5 N / mm ² can be obtained with an absolutely dry foamed mortar having a specific gravity of 0.8 g / cm ³ . As the back-filling material, in order to improve the compressive strength and to reduce the specific gravity, it is possible to mix fly ash other than sand, organic matter such as wooden pieces that do not cause spoilage, and other lightweight materials. The compression strength is 0.5 N / cm ² or more.

 As the upper construction plate, it has a valley side projecting portion extended to the valley side with respect to the block, and a mountain side projecting portion extended from the block to the mountain side, and when the amount of widening is large, A counterweight portion corresponding to the weight when a vehicle is disposed on the upper portion of the valley side projecting portion is attached to the lower surface.

  The upper construction plate is precast or prestressed. In general, the upper construction plate has a shape in which a counterweight portion is attached below the mountain side portion in order to make the mountain side portion heavy. After the upper construction plate is placed on the concrete block, it is fixed to the concrete block with bolts. For safety, it is designed so that the center of gravity of the upper plate is located closer to the inside (mountain side) of the concrete block width with reference to the mountain side end point DM of the width D of the concrete block. Thereby, the upper construction plate can be stably supported on the concrete block during construction.

  The concrete block is precast or prestressed. The concrete block has a valley side wall surface along the valley side surface and an orthogonal wall surface orthogonal to the wall surface, and is formed in a T shape, and through the trough side wall surface and the orthogonal wall surface, a reinforcing bar extending vertically is inserted. A rebar insertion hole is provided. Two or more reinforcing bar insertion holes including both end portions are provided on the valley side wall surface. The orthogonal wall surface is provided with at least one reinforcing bar insertion hole at a position away from the intersection position.

  The concrete block can secure a required height by stacking a plurality of concrete blocks in a step shape. Reinforcing bars are passed up and down through the reinforcing bar insertion holes of the stacked concrete blocks, and the lower foundation and the upper upper plate are firmly connected to each other. The concrete block at the stacking stage is casted with foamed mortar or the like while being firmly fixed to the concrete block at the lower stage. Thereby, the concrete block with a width | variety also becomes a high intensity | strength retaining wall with sufficient width | variety on the direction line of a valley side and a mountain side, and can support an upper construction plate stably in the upper part. Since the backfilling material is sequentially placed on the back surface of the constructed concrete block, the orthogonal wall surface is integrated with the backfilling material and becomes a high-strength retaining wall. It is a concrete retaining wall construction method unique to the invention.

According to the present invention, below the mountain slope where the road is to be widened or built, a foundation is appropriately anchored to the mountain slope,
Stand a wide concrete block on the valley side at the top of the foundation to a height lower than the planned road surface by a predetermined height,
The back of each block to be stacked is filled with foam mortar or foam concrete or lightweight concrete as a backfill material, and piled up concrete blocks that can be used as a back scaffold,
The upper construction plate in the form of protruding to the valley side end of the planned road surface is placed on the upper surface of the block in a balanced manner, and this is anchored to the mountain slope surface obliquely downward,
Filling and placing foamed mortar or foamed concrete or lightweight concrete as a backfill material on the back side of the block below the mountain side of the upper construction plate,
Between the upper construction plate and the slope, the road as planned can be created by appropriately reclaiming earth or sand or laying asphalt.

  Since the components are simple, safety design can be easily and reliably performed. It is a procedure that puts a block on the foundation, puts the upper construction plate on it, anchors it, fills it with embedding material, and casts it, so the construction period can be shortened, and it is a narrow road in the mountains. But you can deal with one-sided traffic without completely closing it. Since almost all construction can be done on the foundation, all construction can be done safely. Further, since the backfill material is foamed mortar or foamed concrete, the inertial force is low and the earthquake resistance can be further enhanced.

If the specific gravity of foam mortar or foam concrete as the backfill material is 1.5 g / cm ³ or less, the unit price of the material can be reduced, the cost of transporting the material to the site can be reduced, and the earthquake resistance can be reduced. Can be increased.

The upper construction plate has a valley side projecting portion extended from the valley side end surface of the block to the valley side, and a mountain side projecting portion extended from the mountain side end surface of the block to the mountain side,
If the counterweight portion for weight balance is attached to the lower surface of the ridge-side overhanging portion, unlike the conventional Z-shaped or cross-shaped one, it is generally flat plate shape, which is easy to manufacture and reduces the manufacturing cost. be able to. In addition, it is easy to carry and place on site. Since the counterweight portion can be provided, the weight balance can be freely set, and the construction can be performed safely.

  The concrete block has a valley side wall surface along the valley side and an orthogonal wall surface orthogonal to the wall surface, and is formed into a T-shape, and through the trough side wall surface and the orthogonal wall surface, a vertical reinforcing bar can be inserted. If the reinforcing bar insertion holes are provided, these can be stacked to insert the reinforcing bars up and down to form a block structure with a strong width of three-point reinforcement, on which heavy objects can be placed It is. Moreover, if a backfilling material such as foamed mortar or foamed concrete is filled on the back surface, placed, cured, and integrated, a high-strength retaining wall equivalent to a wide concrete retaining wall can be obtained. . The concrete block can be applied to a retaining wall structure other than the method of the present invention and a retaining wall structure for falling rocks.

  DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing the road construction method of the present invention in a sectional structure, FIG. 2 is a plan view and a side view of an upper construction plate that can be used for this, and FIG. 3 is a concrete block that can be used for this FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional explanatory view according to another embodiment of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the road construction method of the present invention shows an example in which a current road 2 having a width A created on a steep mountain 1 is widened by a width B.

  In sequence, first, at the middle position of the width B to be widened, hit the foundation 3 below it, and fix it using permanent anchor steel material 4 that is tougher than PC against the slope of the mountain 1 To do. Even if the mountain is steep, the foundation may be flat. In such a case, the anchor for the foundation may be omitted. Grout milk 5 is injected around the anchor steel material 4. Accordingly, the foundation 3 is firmly fixed to the slope of the mountain 1.

  During these constructions, a fence (not shown) can be provided at the end of the current road 2 and the foundation 3 can be constructed below the fence, so that the current road 2 can be used as it is and can be passed on one side.

  After anchoring the foundation 3 to the mountain 1, a retaining wall 7 is constructed using a concrete block 6 shown in FIG.

  The retaining wall 7 passes through the reinforcing bar 9 through the reinforcing bar insertion hole 8 of the concrete block shown in FIG. 3, and is stacked up to a height H2 lower than the planned road surface height H1 by a predetermined height ΔH.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the concrete block 6 has a valley side wall surface 10 and an orthogonal wall surface 11 orthogonal to the valley side wall surface 10. On both sides of the valley side wall surface 10, uneven surfaces for engaging with the adjacent concrete blocks 6 are formed.

  When the retaining wall 7 is formed, each concrete block 6 is stacked one by one, and one foamed mortar 12 is filled in each stage. Each concrete block is indicated by 6-i (i = 1, 2, 3,...). The foamed mortar placed for each stage is indicated by 12-i (i = 1, 2, 3,...).

表１に示す発泡モルタル１２は、高強度を具現するには５日以上の日数を要するが、コンクリートブロック６の設置に次ぐ一段づつの打設作業では、一昼夜を置いて次段を積み上げることができる。これらの手順により、最上段のコンクリートブロック６−７が積まれる。この時点では、最後の発泡モルタル１２−７は、まだ打設しない。 The foam mortar 12 is a porous mortar having discontinuous voids, and the porosity can be 30 to 50% or more. The formulation is sand, cement, fly ash, and other mixtures. The characteristics are shown in Table 1.

The foamed mortar 12 shown in Table 1 takes 5 days or more to realize high strength. However, in the one-step placing work following the installation of the concrete block 6, the next stage can be piled up day and night. it can. By these procedures, the uppermost concrete block 6-7 is stacked. At this point, the final foam mortar 12-7 has not yet been placed.

  When stacking the concrete blocks 6 and placing the foamed mortar 12, drainage facilities are appropriately laid in relation to the mountain 1 side. For example, a drain pipe is arranged along the mountain 1 side, piped toward the upper part of the foundation 3, and a drain hole is provided on the foundation 3. Alternatively, a valley drainage hole is provided from the corresponding concrete block 6-i at an appropriate intermediate position. The portion of the retaining wall 7 configured as described above is referred to herein as an intermediate work. In the process of forming the intermediate work, the foamed mortar 12 is placed after the upper block is fixed to the lower step. At that time, the operator can ride on the scaffolding plate directly on the upper part of the orthogonal wall surface 11 of the concrete block 6 or between the adjacent blocks. Since it has a sufficient area, the work can be performed safely.

  After installing the uppermost concrete block 6-7, the permanent anchor 13 is hit on the mountain 1 and the upper construction plate 14 is placed on the concrete block 6-7. Combine with.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the upper work plate 14 includes a valley side projecting portion 15 and a mountain side projecting portion 16, and an intermediate portion thereof is supported by the upper end of the concrete block 6. In this example, a counterweight portion 16 </ b> W is formed below the mountain side projecting portion 16. A pocket hole 17 for installing a guard fence is provided at the end of the upper plate 15 on the valley side. Five reinforcing bar fixing holes 18 corresponding to the main reinforcing bars of the reinforcing bar insertion holes 8 of the concrete block 6 are provided. An anchor fixing hole 19 for fixing the permanent anchor 13 is provided. Further, a foamed mortar injection hole 20 is provided in the intermediate portion.

  An upper construction plate 14 is placed on the uppermost concrete block 6-7, and after this is coupled to the reinforcing bar 9 and the permanent anchor 13, the final foam mortar 12-7 is passed through the mortar injection hole 20. Filling and placing.

  As described above, the skeleton of the road structure is determined. After that, earth and sand are buried between the upper construction plate 14 and the mountain 1 and rolled, asphalt 21 is laid, a protective fence 22 is attached, a white line is drawn, and the widening work based on the construction method of the present invention is completed. Until now, one-way traffic is maintained. Since the concrete blocks are stacked one by one, construction safety can be secured.

数１の山側のモーメントＭ２には、カウンタウェイト部１６Ｗを含めた山側張り出し部１６の重量の他、鉄筋９の坑張力及び永久アンカー１３の張力（例えば１１トン）を含めることができるので、Ｍ２/Ｍ１は3以上の大きな値例えば10とすることができる。具体的には、上部工版１４の転倒計算、コンクリートブロック６の支持力、地震荷重による安定性等について計算することができる。これらの計算において、本発明の工法では構成要素が単純化されているので、計算容易であり、かつ安全係数を充分大とすることができる。 The design of the road structure completed by the above method will be described. The moment M1 based on the total load applied to the valley side and the moment based on the total load applied to the mountain side based on the valley side end face of the concrete block 7 as M2. By adding the safety factor Fs to this, the following equation is established.

The peak-side moment M2 of Formula 1 can include the pit tension of the reinforcing bar 9 and the tension of the permanent anchor 13 (for example, 11 tons) in addition to the weight of the peak-side protruding portion 16 including the counterweight portion 16W. / M1 can be a large value of 3 or more, for example 10. Specifically, it is possible to calculate the overturning of the upper work plate 14, the supporting force of the concrete block 6, the stability due to the seismic load, and the like. In these calculations, the components of the method of the present invention are simplified, so that the calculation is easy and the safety factor can be made sufficiently large.

The retaining wall 7 made of the concrete block 6 passes through the reinforcing bars 9 in the vertical direction, and has a shape capable of absorbing lateral vibration. Moreover, since the specific gravity of the backfilling material 12 on the mountain 1 side is set to a value of 1.5 g / cm ³ or less, the inertial force is small and the seismic performance is high as compared with ordinary concrete having a specific gravity of 2.0 or more. More preferably, the specific gravity of the backfill material is 1.0 g / cm ³ or less.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the counterweight portion 16 </ b> W is provided on the upper work plate 14, but this is for safety and can be omitted when the overhanging dimension is small.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when the width B <b> 1 to be widened is small, the size of the ridge-side overhanging portion of the upper work plate 23 can be reduced and the counterweight portion can be omitted. This is because there is no problem for safety. In FIG. 4, members having the same functions as those shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The operation and effect of the road structure of the present invention are the same as those shown in FIG. The required widening can be performed, the safety factor can be increased, construction can be performed safely, and the material unit price and construction cost can be reduced.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately modified in design without departing from the gist of the present invention, and can be implemented in various modes.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the road construction method of this invention with a cross-sectional structure. It is the top view (a figure) and its side view (b figure) of an upper process plate. It is a perspective view of the concrete block used for a lower stage and an intermediate stage. It is explanatory drawing of the road cross section which concerns on other embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 mountain 2 current road 3 foundation 4 anchor steel 5 grout milk 6-i (i = 1, 2, 3,...) Concrete block 7 retaining wall 8 reinforcing bar insertion hole 9 reinforcing bar 10 concrete block valley side wall 11 concrete block Orthogonal wall surface 12-i (i = 1, 2, 3,...) Foamed mortar 13 Permanent anchors 14, 23 Upper construction plate 15 Valley side overhanging portion 16 Mountain side overhanging portion 16W Counterweight portion 17 Pocket hole 18 Reinforcing bar fixing hole 19 Anchor Fixed hole 20 Foamed mortar injection hole 21 Asphalt 22 Guard fence

Claims (4)

Make a foundation anchored to the mountain slope below the mountain slope where you want to widen or build the road, or make only the foundation according to the site condition,
Stand a wide concrete block on the valley side at the top of the foundation to a height lower than the planned road surface by a predetermined height,
The back of each block to be stacked is filled with foam mortar or foam concrete or lightweight concrete as a backfill material, and piled up concrete blocks that can be used as a back scaffold,
The upper construction plate in the form of protruding to the valley side end of the planned road surface is placed on the upper surface of the block in a balanced manner, and this is anchored to the mountain slope surface obliquely downward,
Filling and placing foamed mortar or foamed concrete or lightweight concrete as a backfilling material on the back side of the block below the mountain side of the upper construction plate,
A road construction method characterized in that a road as planned is created by reclaiming earth or sand or laying asphalt as appropriate between the upper construction plate and the mountain slope. A road mortar or foam concrete used in the road construction method according to claim 1, wherein the specific gravity thereof is 1.5 g / cm ³ or less. An upper construction plate that can be used in the road construction method according to claim 1,
A trough side projecting portion extending from the trough side end surface of the block to the trough side, and a mountain side projecting portion extending from the crest side end surface of the block to the mountain side;
An upper construction plate, wherein a counterweight portion for weight balance is attached to a lower surface of the mountain-side protruding portion. A concrete block that can be used in the road construction method according to claim 1,
It has a valley side wall surface along the valley side and an orthogonal wall surface that also serves as a scaffold perpendicular to the wall surface, and is formed in a T shape.
A concrete block characterized in that the valley side wall surface and the orthogonal wall surface each have a reinforcing bar insertion hole through which a reinforcing bar extending vertically can be inserted.

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