JP2005088668A - Rolling bearing unit for supporting wheel, and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Rolling bearing unit for supporting wheel, and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005088668A
JP2005088668A JP2003322713A JP2003322713A JP2005088668A JP 2005088668 A JP2005088668 A JP 2005088668A JP 2003322713 A JP2003322713 A JP 2003322713A JP 2003322713 A JP2003322713 A JP 2003322713A JP 2005088668 A JP2005088668 A JP 2005088668A
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Prior art keywords
inner ring
caulking
side member
diameter side
fiber flow
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JP2003322713A
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JP2005088668A5 (en
Inventor
Nobuyuki Hagiwara
信行 萩原
Toshikatsu Kimura
年克 木村
Masaru Hashida
勝 橋田
Kaoru Katano
薫 片野
Tomohiro Kanbe
知弘 神戸
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NSK Ltd
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NSK Ltd
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Publication of JP2005088668A5 publication Critical patent/JP2005088668A5/ja
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C43/00—Assembling bearings
    • F16C43/04—Assembling rolling-contact bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/025—Special design or construction with rolling or wobbling dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K25/00—Uniting components to form integral members, e.g. turbine wheels and shafts, caulks with inserts, with or without shaping of the components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
    • F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
    • F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
    • F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
    • F16C19/186—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with three raceways provided integrally on parts other than race rings, e.g. third generation hubs

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent occurrence of a damage such as cracks even when high stresses are exerted in a caulked portion 9a, and to prevent occurrence of pre-load escape and creep of an inner wheel 3. <P>SOLUTION: In order to reinforce the strength of the caulked portion 9a of a hub 2, the caulked portion 9a is formed so that the fiber flow of the caulked portion 9a is not broken off at a contact part of the caulked portion 9a with the inner ring 3 on at least one side of cutting surfaces including the axis α of the hub 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

この発明は、自動車の車輪を懸架装置に対して回転自在に支持する車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット及びその製造方法の改良に関する。   The present invention relates to a wheel bearing rolling bearing unit that rotatably supports a vehicle wheel with respect to a suspension device, and an improvement of a manufacturing method thereof.

自動車の車輪は、車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットにより懸架装置に支持する。この様な車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットのうち、部品点数の削減によるコスト低減と小型・軽量化とを目的として、ハブと内輪との結合固定にナットを使用しない構造が、例えば特許文献１に記載されている様に、従来から知られている。図８〜９は、この特許文献１に記載されて従来から知られている車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット１を示している。   The wheels of the automobile are supported on the suspension device by a rolling bearing unit for supporting the wheels. Among such rolling bearing units for supporting a wheel, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a structure in which a nut is not used for coupling and fixing a hub and an inner ring for the purpose of reducing cost and reducing size and weight by reducing the number of parts. As it is, it is known from the past. 8 to 9 show a wheel support rolling bearing unit 1 described in Patent Document 1 and conventionally known.

この従来から知られている車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット１は、ハブ２と、内輪３と、外輪４と、複数個の転動体５、５とを備える。このうちの内径側部材であるハブ２の外周面の外端（外とは、自動車への組み付け状態で車両の幅方向外側を言い、図１〜７、１２の下、図８〜１１の左。反対に、車両の幅方向中央側を内と言い、図１〜７、１２の上、図８〜１１の右。）寄り部分には、車輪を支持する為の第一のフランジ６を形成している。又、このハブ２の中間部外周面には第一の内輪軌道７を、同じく内端部には外径寸法が小さくなった段部８を、それぞれ形成している。そして、上記内輪３をこの段部８に外嵌し、更にかしめ部９により固定している。尚、上記第一の内輪軌道７は、上記ハブ２の中間部外周面に直接形成する他、このハブ２の中間部に外嵌した別体の内輪の外周面に形成する場合もある。この様な場合には、上記ハブ２の端部でこの別体の内輪よりも軸方向内方に突出した部分が、上記内輪３を外嵌する為の段部となる。   This conventionally known wheel bearing rolling bearing unit 1 includes a hub 2, an inner ring 3, an outer ring 4, and a plurality of rolling elements 5 and 5. Outer end of the outer peripheral surface of the hub 2 which is the inner diameter side member (outside means outside in the width direction of the vehicle in the assembled state to the automobile, below FIGS. 1 to 7 and 12, left of FIGS. 8 to 11. On the other hand, the center side in the width direction of the vehicle is referred to as the inside, and the first flange 6 for supporting the wheel is formed on the side closer to the top of FIGS. doing. A first inner ring raceway 7 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion of the hub 2, and a step portion 8 having a smaller outer diameter is formed on the inner end portion. The inner ring 3 is externally fitted to the step portion 8 and further fixed by a caulking portion 9. The first inner ring raceway 7 may be formed directly on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion of the hub 2 or may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of a separate inner ring that is externally fitted to the intermediate portion of the hub 2. In such a case, the portion of the end portion of the hub 2 that protrudes inward in the axial direction from the separate inner ring is a stepped portion for fitting the inner ring 3 outwardly.

又、上記ハブ２の内端部に、このかしめ部９を構成する為の円筒部１０を形成している。この円筒部１０の肉厚は、図１０に示した、この円筒部１０を直径方向外方にかしめ広げる以前の状態で、先端縁に向かう程小さくなっている。この為上記ハブ２の内端面に、奥部に向かう程次第に内径が小さくなるテーパ孔１１を形成している。   A cylindrical portion 10 for forming the caulking portion 9 is formed at the inner end portion of the hub 2. The thickness of the cylindrical portion 10 becomes smaller toward the leading edge in the state before the cylindrical portion 10 is caulked outward in the diametrical direction as shown in FIG. For this reason, a tapered hole 11 is formed in the inner end surface of the hub 2 such that the inner diameter gradually decreases toward the inner part.

上記ハブ２の内端部に上記内輪３を固定すべく、上述の様な円筒部１０の先端部をかしめ広げるには、上記ハブ２が軸方向にずれ動かない様に固定した状態で、図９に示す様に、押型１２を上記円筒部１０の先端部に強く押し付ける。この押型１２の先端面（図９の左端面）中央部には、上記円筒部１０の内側に押し込み自在な円錐台状の凸部１３を形成し、この凸部１３の周囲に断面円弧状の凹部１４を、この凸部１３の全周を囲む状態で形成している。尚、この凹部１４の断面形状は、この凹部１４により上記円筒部１０の先端部を塑性変形させる事で得られるかしめ部９の断面形状が、基端部から先端部に向かう程厚さ寸法が漸次小さくなり、特にこの厚さ寸法が先端部で急激に小さくなる様に、外径側に向かう程曲率半径が小さくなる複合曲面としている。   In order to squeeze the tip of the cylindrical portion 10 as described above in order to fix the inner ring 3 to the inner end of the hub 2, the hub 2 is fixed so as not to move in the axial direction. As shown in FIG. 9, the pressing die 12 is strongly pressed against the tip of the cylindrical portion 10. A frustoconical convex portion 13 that can be pushed into the inside of the cylindrical portion 10 is formed at the center of the tip surface (left end surface in FIG. 9) of the pressing die 12, and a circular arc section is formed around the convex portion 13. The concave portion 14 is formed so as to surround the entire circumference of the convex portion 13. Note that the cross-sectional shape of the concave portion 14 is such that the cross-sectional shape of the caulking portion 9 obtained by plastically deforming the distal end portion of the cylindrical portion 10 by the concave portion 14 is such that the thickness dimension increases from the proximal end portion toward the distal end portion. The composite curved surface is gradually reduced, and in particular, the curvature radius decreases toward the outer diameter side so that the thickness dimension decreases rapidly at the tip.

上述の様な形状並びに寸法の凸部１３と凹部１４とを有する押型１２を上記円筒部１０の先端部に押し付ければ、この円筒部１０の先端部を直径方向外方にかしめ広げて、上記かしめ部９を形成する事ができる。そして、このかしめ部９とハブ２の内端部に形成した段部８の段差面２３との間で上記内輪３を挟持して、この内輪３を上記ハブ２に固定できる。   If the pressing die 12 having the convex portion 13 and the concave portion 14 having the shape and dimensions as described above is pressed against the tip portion of the cylindrical portion 10, the tip portion of the cylindrical portion 10 is caulked outward in the diametrical direction, The caulking portion 9 can be formed. The inner ring 3 can be clamped between the caulking portion 9 and the step surface 23 of the step portion 8 formed at the inner end portion of the hub 2, and the inner ring 3 can be fixed to the hub 2.

一方、外径側部材である前記外輪４の内周面には、上記ハブ２の中間部外周面に形成した第一の内輪軌道７と対向する第一の外輪軌道１５、及び、上記内輪３の外周面に形成した第二の内輪軌道１６に対向する第二の外輪軌道１７を形成している。そして、これら第一、第二の内輪軌道７、１６と第一、第二の外輪軌道１５、１７との間に前記転動体５、５を、それぞれ保持器１８、１８により転動自在に保持した状態で、複数個ずつ設けている。尚、図示の例では、転動体５、５として玉を使用しているが、重量の嵩む自動車用の転がり軸受ユニットの場合には、これら転動体としてテーパころを使用する場合もある。上述の様な車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット１を自動車に組み付けるには、上記外輪４の外周面に形成した第二のフランジ１９により、この外輪４を懸架装置に固定し、上記第一のフランジ６に車輪を固定する。この結果、この車輪を懸架装置に対し回転自在に支持する事ができる。   On the other hand, on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 4 which is an outer diameter side member, a first outer ring raceway 15 facing the first inner ring raceway 7 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion of the hub 2, and the inner ring 3. A second outer ring raceway 17 is formed opposite to the second inner ring raceway 16 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the first outer ring raceway. Then, the rolling elements 5 and 5 are held between the first and second inner ring raceways 7 and 16 and the first and second outer ring raceways 15 and 17 by the cages 18 and 18, respectively. In this state, a plurality are provided. In the illustrated example, balls are used as the rolling elements 5 and 5. However, in the case of a rolling bearing unit for automobiles that is heavy in weight, tapered rollers may be used as these rolling elements. In order to assemble the wheel bearing rolling bearing unit 1 as described above to the automobile, the outer ring 4 is fixed to the suspension device by the second flange 19 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring 4, and the first flange 6. Secure the wheels to the As a result, this wheel can be rotatably supported with respect to the suspension device.

尚、図１１に示す様に、外輪回転の車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット１ａの構造の場合にも、かしめ部９ａにより内輪３ａを固定する構造がある。この車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット１ａの場合、外径側部材であるハブ２ａの外端寄り部外周面に、車輪を支持固定する為の第一のフランジ６ａを設けている。又、このハブ２ａの内端部内周面には第一の外輪軌道１５ａを、中間部内周面には第二の外輪軌道１７ａを、それぞれ形成している。又、このハブ２ａの直径方向内側に設けた、内径側部材である軸部材２５の内端部に、懸架装置に固定する為の第二のフランジ１９ａを設けている。又、この軸部材２５の外周面で中間部内端寄り部分に、第一の内輪軌道７ａを直接形成すると共に、外端部に形成した段部８ａに、外周面に第二の内輪軌道１６ａを形成した上記内輪３ａを外嵌している。そして、上記軸部材２５の外端部でこの内輪３ａよりも軸方向外方に突出した部分に形成した円筒部１０ａを直径方向外方にかしめ広げる事で形成したかしめ部９ａにより、上記軸部材２５に外嵌した内輪３ａをこの軸部材２５に結合固定している。   In addition, as shown in FIG. 11, even in the case of the structure of the wheel bearing rolling bearing unit 1a for rotating the outer ring, there is a structure in which the inner ring 3a is fixed by the caulking portion 9a. In the case of this wheel support rolling bearing unit 1a, a first flange 6a for supporting and fixing a wheel is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the outer end portion of the hub 2a which is an outer diameter side member. A first outer ring raceway 15a is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the inner end portion of the hub 2a, and a second outer ring raceway 17a is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate portion. Further, a second flange 19a for fixing to the suspension device is provided at the inner end portion of the shaft member 25 which is an inner diameter side member provided inside the hub 2a in the diameter direction. Further, the first inner ring raceway 7a is directly formed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft member 25 near the inner end of the intermediate portion, and the second inner ring raceway 16a is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the step portion 8a formed on the outer end portion. The formed inner ring 3a is externally fitted. Then, the shaft member is formed by the caulking portion 9a formed by caulking and expanding the cylindrical portion 10a formed at the outer end portion of the shaft member 25 in the axially outward direction from the inner ring 3a. The inner ring 3 a that is externally fitted to the shaft 25 is coupled and fixed to the shaft member 25.

又、上述の様に構成し作用する車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット１、１ａを造るべく、前記円筒部１０を塑性変形させて（かしめ広げて）前記かしめ部９、９ａを形成する作業を行なうのに好ましくは、図１２に示す様な揺動プレス装置２０を使用する。この揺動プレス装置２０は、押型１２と、抑え治具２１と、ホルダ２２とを備える。図示の例は、上記車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット１を、上記揺動プレス装置２０に組み込んだ状態を示している。上記円筒部１０をかしめ広げて上記かしめ部９を形成する際には、上記ホルダ２２を介してハブ２を上方に押圧しつつ、上記押型１２を揺動変位させる。即ち、この押型１２の中心軸と上記ハブ２の中心軸とを角度θだけ傾斜させた状態で、この押型１２を、このハブ２の中心軸を中心として揺動変位させる。この様な揺動プレスにより上記かしめ部９を形成する際には、上記押型１２の円周方向の一部が上記円筒部１０を押圧する事になり、上記かしめ部９の加工作業は部分的に且つ円周方向に連続して進行する事になる。この為、一般的な鍛造加工により上記かしめ部９を形成する場合に比べて、加工時に上記円筒部１０に加える荷重を小さくできる。尚、上記抑え治具２１は、上記押型１２によるかしめ部９の加工時に内輪３及び上記ハブ２が径方向に振れる事を防止する。又、外輪回転型の上記車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット１ａのかしめ部９ａを形成する場合には、この車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット１ａを揺動プレス装置２０に、上述した場合と軸方向に関して逆に設置する。そして、抑え治具２１により内輪３ａ及び軸部材２５を固定し、この軸部材２５の外端部に設けた円筒部１０ａを押型１２によりかしめ広げる事により、上記かしめ部９ａを形成する。   Further, in order to manufacture the wheel bearing rolling bearing units 1 and 1a configured and operated as described above, the cylindrical portion 10 is plastically deformed (caulked and spread) to form the caulking portions 9 and 9a. Preferably, a rocking press device 20 as shown in FIG. 12 is used. The swing press device 20 includes a pressing die 12, a holding jig 21, and a holder 22. The illustrated example shows a state in which the wheel-supporting rolling bearing unit 1 is incorporated in the rocking press device 20. When caulking and expanding the cylindrical portion 10 to form the caulking portion 9, the pressing die 12 is oscillated and displaced while pressing the hub 2 upward via the holder 22. That is, in a state where the central axis of the pressing die 12 and the central axis of the hub 2 are inclined by an angle θ, the pressing die 12 is oscillated and displaced about the central axis of the hub 2. When the caulking portion 9 is formed by such a rocking press, a part of the pressing die 12 in the circumferential direction presses the cylindrical portion 10, and the working operation of the caulking portion 9 is partially performed. And continuously in the circumferential direction. For this reason, compared with the case where the said caulking part 9 is formed by a general forging process, the load added to the said cylindrical part 10 at the time of a process can be made small. The holding jig 21 prevents the inner ring 3 and the hub 2 from swinging in the radial direction when the caulking portion 9 is processed by the pressing die 12. Further, when the caulking portion 9a of the wheel bearing rolling bearing unit 1a of the outer ring rotating type is formed, the wheel bearing rolling bearing unit 1a is placed on the oscillating press device 20 in the reverse direction in the axial direction as described above. Install. Then, the inner ring 3 a and the shaft member 25 are fixed by the holding jig 21, and the cylindrical portion 10 a provided at the outer end portion of the shaft member 25 is caulked and spread by the pressing die 12, thereby forming the caulking portion 9 a.

上述の様にかしめ部９、９ａを形成する際に無理な力が加わった場合等に、亀裂等の損傷が発生する場合がある。このかしめ部９、９ａの形成に伴う亀裂等の発生を防ぐ為、例えば、特許文献２〜３に記載されている様な技術がある。このうちの特許文献２の技術では、内輪の端部内周面に傾斜面を形成する事により、かしめ部を形成すべき円筒部の変形量を小さくして、かしめ作業に伴って無理な力が加わりにくくしている。又、特許文献３の技術では、かしめ部を形成すべき円筒部を構成する炭素鋼の結晶粒の平均断面を小さくして、かしめ部の形成に伴って亀裂等の損傷が発生する事を防止している。   As described above, damage such as cracks may occur when an excessive force is applied when the caulking portions 9 and 9a are formed. In order to prevent the occurrence of cracks and the like associated with the formation of the caulking portions 9 and 9a, there are techniques as described in Patent Documents 2 to 3, for example. In the technique of Patent Document 2 among these, by forming an inclined surface on the inner peripheral surface of the end portion of the inner ring, the amount of deformation of the cylindrical portion where the caulking portion should be formed is reduced, and an unreasonable force is involved in the caulking operation. It is difficult to join. Moreover, in the technique of patent document 3, the average cross section of the crystal grain of the carbon steel which comprises the cylindrical part which should form a crimping part is made small, and it prevents that damages, such as a crack, are generated with the formation of a crimping part. doing.

ところで、上述の様な車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット１、１ａを構成するハブ２或は軸部材２５は、通常、鍛造加工により形成される。この様に鍛造加工を施した金属材料の結晶は、変形して繋がった様な状態（ファイバーフロー）となる。このファイバーフローの状態は、製品の機械的強度に影響を与える事が知られている。この為、上述した特許文献２〜３に記載した技術以外にも、このファイバーフローを考慮する事により、かしめ部９、９ａの形成に伴う亀裂等の損傷が発生する事を防止できると考えられる。しかし、従来は、上述の様に形成されるかしめ部９、９ａのファイバーフローの状態を考慮していなかった為、かしめ加工によりこれらかしめ部９、９ａのファイバーフローの状態がどの様になるか不明であった。   By the way, the hub 2 or the shaft member 25 constituting the wheel bearing rolling bearing units 1 and 1a as described above is usually formed by forging. The crystal of the metal material that has been subjected to forging in this way is in a state (fiber flow) that is deformed and connected. This fiber flow condition is known to affect the mechanical strength of the product. For this reason, in addition to the techniques described in Patent Documents 2 to 3 described above, it is considered that damage such as cracks accompanying the formation of the caulking portions 9 and 9a can be prevented by considering this fiber flow. . However, since the state of the fiber flow of the caulking portions 9 and 9a formed as described above has not been considered in the past, the state of the fiber flow of the caulking portions 9 and 9a is changed by caulking. It was unknown.

上述の様に、従来、かしめ部９、９ａのファイバーフローの状態を考慮しなかったのは、このファイバーフローを調べるのに手間が掛かる為である。即ち、このファイバーフローの状態を確認する為には、先ず、製品を切断し、その切断面を研磨する。そして、この研磨した切断面を腐食させて、これを顕微鏡により観察する事により行なう。この様に、ファイバーフローを調べる事は面倒であった為、従来は、このファイバーフローの状態を考慮していなかった。これに対して、本発明者の研究により、上記かしめ部９、９ａのファイバーフローの状態と、このかしめ部９、９ａの形成に伴う亀裂等の損傷の発生との関係が分かった。   As described above, the reason why the state of the fiber flow of the caulking portions 9 and 9a is not considered in the past is that it takes time to examine the fiber flow. That is, in order to confirm the state of the fiber flow, first, the product is cut and the cut surface is polished. Then, the polished cut surface is corroded and observed by a microscope. Thus, since it was troublesome to investigate the fiber flow, conventionally, the state of the fiber flow was not considered. On the other hand, the present inventors' research has revealed the relationship between the state of the fiber flow of the caulking portions 9 and 9a and the occurrence of damage such as cracks due to the formation of the caulking portions 9 and 9a.

即ち、前述の様なかしめ加工中に、上記かしめ部９、９ａに過大なひずみが生じると、それまで連続していたファイバーフローが途切れる。このファイバーフローが途切れた場所には、大きな残留ひずみが存在する。従って、このファイバーフローが途切れた場所に大きな応力が繰り返し作用すると、ひずみの限界を越えて亀裂等の損傷が生じる場合がある。特に、上記かしめ部９、９ａと上記内輪３、３ａとの接触部は、前記ハブ２或は軸部材２５の外径側に存在する為、このハブ２或は軸部材２５に加わる曲げ荷重により、大きな引張応力や圧縮応力が生じる。この為、上記かしめ部９、９ａと上記内輪３、３ａとの接触部でこのかしめ部９、９ａのファイバーフローが途切れていた場合には、このファイバーフローが途切れている部分に大きな応力が作用する事により、このかしめ部９、９ａに早期に亀裂が進展し易い。そして、この様にかしめ部９、９ａに亀裂が生じた場合には、上記内輪３、３ａの予圧抜けやこれら内輪３、３ａのクリープ発生の原因となる。これら内輪３、３ａの予圧が抜けた場合には、前記第一の内輪軌道７、７ａ、第二の内輪軌道１６、１６ａと前記第一の外輪軌道１５、１５ａ、第二の外輪軌道１７、１７ａとの間に設けた前記転動体５、５に負荷された予圧が低下し、車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット１、１ａの軸受剛性が低下する。又、上記内輪３、３ａにクリープが生じた場合には、この内輪３、３ａと上記ハブ２と軸部材２５の嵌合部で摩耗が生じ、製品寿命が早期に低下する。   That is, if excessive distortion occurs in the caulking portions 9 and 9a during the caulking process as described above, the continuous fiber flow is interrupted. There is a large residual strain where the fiber flow is interrupted. Therefore, if a large stress is repeatedly applied to a place where the fiber flow is interrupted, damage such as a crack may occur beyond the limit of strain. In particular, since the contact portion between the caulking portions 9 and 9a and the inner rings 3 and 3a exists on the outer diameter side of the hub 2 or the shaft member 25, the bending load applied to the hub 2 or the shaft member 25 is increased. Large tensile stress and compressive stress are generated. Therefore, when the fiber flow of the caulking portions 9 and 9a is interrupted at the contact portion between the caulking portions 9 and 9a and the inner rings 3 and 3a, a large stress acts on the portion where the fiber flow is interrupted. By doing so, cracks are likely to develop early in the caulking portions 9 and 9a. If cracks occur in the caulking portions 9 and 9a in this way, it causes the preload loss of the inner rings 3 and 3a and the occurrence of creep of the inner rings 3 and 3a. When the preload of the inner rings 3, 3a is lost, the first inner ring raceways 7, 7a, the second inner ring raceways 16, 16a, the first outer ring raceways 15, 15a, the second outer ring raceway 17, The preload applied to the rolling elements 5 and 5 provided between the rolling elements 5 and 17a is reduced, and the bearing rigidity of the wheel bearing rolling bearing units 1 and 1a is reduced. In addition, when creep occurs in the inner rings 3 and 3a, wear occurs at the fitting portions of the inner rings 3 and 3a, the hub 2 and the shaft member 25, and the product life is shortened early.

特開平１１−１２９７０３号公報JP-A-11-129703 特開平１０−９５２０３号公報JP-A-10-95203 特開２００１−２３９８０３号公報JP 2001-239803 A

本発明は、上述の様な事情に鑑みて、かしめ部に大きな応力が作用した場合でも亀裂等の損傷が発生する事を防いで、内輪の予圧抜け及びクリープが発生する事を防止すべく発明したものである。   In view of the circumstances as described above, the present invention prevents the occurrence of preload loss and creep of the inner ring by preventing damage such as cracks even when a large stress is applied to the caulking portion. It is a thing.

本発明の対象となる車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットは、前述した従来の車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットと同様に、内径側部材と、内輪と、外径側部材と、転動体とを備える。
このうちの内径側部材は、外周面に第一の内輪軌道を一体又は別体の内輪を介して有する。
又、上記内輪は、上記内径側部材の端部に外嵌され、外周面に第二の内輪軌道を有する。
又、上記外径側部材は、内周面にこれら第一、第二の内輪軌道に対向する第一、第二の外輪軌道を有する。
又、上記転動体は、上記第一、第二の内輪軌道と上記第一、第二の外輪軌道との間に、それぞれ複数個ずつ設けられている。
そして、上記内径側部材の端部で少なくともこの内径側部材に外嵌した内輪よりも突出した部分に形成した円筒部を直径方向外方にかしめ広げる事で形成したかしめ部により、上記内径側部材に外嵌した内輪をこの内径側部材に結合固定している。
特に、請求項１に記載した車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットに於いては、この内径側部材の中心軸を含む切断面のうちの少なくとも一面で、上記かしめ部のファイバーフローがこのかしめ部と上記内輪との接触部で途切れていない。
又、請求項５に記載した車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットの製造方法に於いては、上記内径側部材の中心軸を含む切断面のうちの少なくとも一面で、上記かしめ部を形成する前の上記円筒部のファイバーフローが軸方向に平行でその内端面まで連続的に繋がっており、このファイバーフローを途切れさせずに上記かしめ部を形成する。 The wheel support rolling bearing unit that is the subject of the present invention includes an inner diameter side member, an inner ring, an outer diameter side member, and a rolling element, like the conventional wheel support rolling bearing unit described above.
Of these, the inner diameter side member has the first inner ring raceway on the outer peripheral surface via an integral or separate inner ring.
The inner ring is fitted on the end portion of the inner diameter side member, and has a second inner ring raceway on the outer peripheral surface.
The outer diameter side member has first and second outer ring raceways opposed to the first and second inner ring raceways on the inner peripheral surface.
A plurality of rolling elements are provided between the first and second inner ring raceways and the first and second outer ring raceways.
Then, the inner diameter side member is formed by a caulking portion formed by caulking and expanding the cylindrical portion formed at least at the end portion of the inner diameter side member and projecting from the inner ring externally fitted to the inner diameter side member. The inner ring fitted on the inner side is coupled and fixed to the inner diameter side member.
In particular, in the rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel according to claim 1, the fiber flow of the caulking portion is at least one of the cut surfaces including the central axis of the inner diameter side member. There is no break at the contact area.
Further, in the method of manufacturing the wheel-supporting rolling bearing unit according to claim 5, the cylinder before the caulking portion is formed on at least one of the cut surfaces including the central axis of the inner diameter side member. The fiber flow of the part is parallel to the axial direction and is continuously connected to the inner end face, and the caulking part is formed without interrupting the fiber flow.

上述の様に構成される本発明の車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットの場合、かしめ部のファイバーフローがこのかしめ部と内輪との接触部で途切れていない為、この接触部に大きな応力が作用した場合でも、このかしめ部に亀裂等の損傷が発生する事を防ぐ。即ち、このかしめ部は、内径側部材の中心軸に関してほぼ対称に形成される。この為、この中心軸を含む切断面のうちの少なくとも一面で、上記かしめ部のファイバーフローが途切れていなければ、このかしめ部の円周方向全体で、かしめ加工によりファイバーフローが途切れる程に過大な応力が加わっていないと考えられる。この結果、円周方向全体でかしめ部の強度を確保でき、このかしめ部に亀裂等の損傷が発生する事を防止できる。そして、内輪の予圧抜け及びクリープの発生を防止できる。
又、本発明の車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットの製造方法によれば、かしめ部に過大なひずみが生じない様に、このかしめ部を形成できる。 In the case of the rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel of the present invention configured as described above, since the fiber flow of the caulking portion is not interrupted at the contact portion between the caulking portion and the inner ring, a large stress acts on the contact portion. However, it prevents the caulking part from being damaged such as cracks. That is, the caulking portion is formed almost symmetrically with respect to the central axis of the inner diameter side member. Therefore, if the fiber flow of the caulking portion is not interrupted on at least one of the cut surfaces including the central axis, the fiber flow is excessively large enough to be interrupted by caulking in the entire circumferential direction of the caulking portion. It is thought that no stress is applied. As a result, the strength of the caulking portion can be ensured in the entire circumferential direction, and damage such as cracks can be prevented from occurring in the caulking portion. Further, it is possible to prevent the preload loss of the inner ring and the occurrence of creep.
In addition, according to the method for manufacturing the rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel of the present invention, the caulking portion can be formed so that excessive distortion does not occur in the caulking portion.

本発明を実施する為に好ましくは、上記切断面を、上記かしめ部のファイバーフローの端部が、内径側部材の直径方向外方に向かっており、内輪の端面とは当接していない様な面とする。
この様に構成すれば、上記内輪の端面にファイバーフローの端面が当たらない為、この内輪の端面とかしめ部との接触部分に大きな応力が作用した場合でも、この部分に亀裂が生じる事を防止する。
又、好ましくは、上記切断面を、上記ファイバーフローの端部が、内径側部材の直径方向外方に向かう程、内輪の端面から離れる方向に向かう様な面とする。
この様に構成すれば、かしめ部の強度をより大きくできる。
更に好ましくは、上記かしめ部と上記内輪の端面との間に隙間が存在しない様にする。 この様に構成すれば、内輪が軸方向にがたつく事を防止できる。
尚、この様な構造を得る為には、かしめ部の形成を、円筒部を直径方向外方に広げる第一段階と、この円筒部を内輪の端面に向けて押圧する第二段階とにより行なう。 In order to carry out the present invention, it is preferable that the end of the fiber flow of the caulking portion is directed outwardly in the diameter direction of the inner diameter side member and is not in contact with the end surface of the inner ring. A surface.
If configured in this way, the end face of the fiber ring does not hit the end face of the inner ring, so even if a large stress is applied to the contact part between the end face of the inner ring and the caulking part, this part is prevented from cracking. To do.
Preferably, the cut surface is a surface that is directed away from the end surface of the inner ring as the end portion of the fiber flow moves outward in the diameter direction of the inner diameter side member.
If comprised in this way, the intensity | strength of a crimping part can be enlarged more.
More preferably, there is no gap between the caulking portion and the end face of the inner ring. If comprised in this way, it can prevent that an inner ring | wheel shakes in an axial direction.
In order to obtain such a structure, the caulking portion is formed by a first step of expanding the cylindrical portion outward in the diameter direction and a second step of pressing the cylindrical portion toward the end surface of the inner ring. .

図１〜２は、本発明の実施例を示している。尚、本実施例の特徴は、かしめ部９ｂに大きな応力が作用した場合でも、このかしめ部９ｂに亀裂が生じるのを防止すべく、このかしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローの性状を考慮した点にある。その他の構造及び作用は、前述の図８〜１２に示した従来技術の場合と同様であるから、同等部分に関する図示並びに説明は省略若しくは簡略にし、以下、本発明の特徴部分を中心に説明する。本実施例の場合、内径側部材であるハブ２の中心軸αを含む切断面（以下、単に「切断面」と言う場合にも、ハブ２の中心軸αを含む切断面とする。）のうちの少なくとも一面で、上記かしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローがこのかしめ部９ｂと内輪３との接触部で途切れていない。図示の断面は、このかしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローが途切れていない切断面を示している。尚、本実施例では、上記切断面のうちの少なくとも一面でファイバーフローが途切れていないとしているが、これは、鍛造加工前の材料のファイバーフローが均等に揃っていて、更に、上記ハブ２の鍛造加工が良好に行なわれた場合には、後述する様に、上記かしめ部９ｂの円周方向全体でファイバーフローが途切れていない構造であると考えれらる。   1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention. The feature of the present embodiment is that, even when a large stress is applied to the caulking portion 9b, the property of the fiber flow of the caulking portion 9b is considered in order to prevent the caulking portion 9b from cracking. . Since other structures and operations are the same as those of the prior art shown in FIGS. 8 to 12 described above, illustrations and explanations of equivalent parts are omitted or simplified, and the following description will focus on the characteristic parts of the present invention. . In the case of the present embodiment, a cut surface including the central axis α of the hub 2 that is the inner diameter side member (hereinafter, also referred to simply as “cut surface” is referred to as a cut surface including the central axis α of the hub 2). On at least one of the surfaces, the fiber flow of the caulking portion 9 b is not interrupted at the contact portion between the caulking portion 9 b and the inner ring 3. The illustrated cross section shows a cut surface in which the fiber flow of the caulking portion 9b is not interrupted. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the fiber flow is not interrupted on at least one of the cut surfaces, but this is because the fiber flow of the material before forging is evenly arranged, and the hub 2 When the forging process is carried out satisfactorily, it is considered that the fiber flow is not interrupted throughout the entire circumferential direction of the caulking portion 9b, as will be described later.

上記切断面に於ける上記ハブ２のファイバーフローは、上記かしめ部９ｂを除いて軸方向にほぼ平行となっている。又、このかしめ部９ｂ部分で、図示の様に、ファイバーフローの端部が直径方向外方に向かっており、上記内輪３の内端面とは当接していない。この為、この内輪３の端面と上記かしめ部９ｂとの接触部に大きな応力が繰り返し作用した場合でも、この部分に亀裂が生じる事を防止する。即ち、仮に上記ファイバーフローの端部が上記内輪３の内端面と当接した場合、上記かしめ部９ｂとこの内輪３との接触部でファイバーフローが途切れた場合と同じ状態となる。従って、この内輪３から作用する繰り返し応力により、このファイバーフローに沿って亀裂が発生する可能性がある。この様にして生じる亀裂を防止する為、本実施例の場合、上記ファイバーフローの端部が上記内輪３の内端面と当接しない様にしている。   The fiber flow of the hub 2 at the cut surface is substantially parallel to the axial direction except for the caulking portion 9b. Further, at the caulking portion 9b portion, as shown in the figure, the end portion of the fiber flow is directed outward in the diameter direction and is not in contact with the inner end surface of the inner ring 3. For this reason, even when a large stress is repeatedly applied to the contact portion between the end face of the inner ring 3 and the caulking portion 9b, the occurrence of cracks in this portion is prevented. That is, if the end portion of the fiber flow comes into contact with the inner end surface of the inner ring 3, the state is the same as when the fiber flow is interrupted at the contact portion between the caulking portion 9 b and the inner ring 3. Accordingly, cracks may occur along the fiber flow due to repeated stress acting from the inner ring 3. In this embodiment, the end of the fiber flow is prevented from coming into contact with the inner end surface of the inner ring 3 in order to prevent cracks generated in this way.

又、上記かしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローは、端部近傍で変極点を持ち、このファイバーフローの端部が、上記ハブ２の直径方向外方に向かう程、上記内輪３の内端面から離れる方向に向かっている。この様に、上記かしめ部９ｂの、この内輪３の内端面に対向する部分のファイバーフローの形状を湾曲させれば、このかしめ部９ｂのこの内輪３を固定する為の強度を大きくする事ができる。即ち、ファイバーフローの方向が荷重が作用する方向に対して直角方向に近い程、この荷重により変形し易い。これに対して、ファイバーフローの方向が荷重が作用する方向に対して平行に近い程、この荷重により変形しにくくなる。従って、上記かしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローの形状を、上述の様に内輪３の内端面に対向する部分で湾曲させる事により、上記内輪３から軸方向内方に荷重が作用しても、この荷重により上記かしめ部９ｂが変形しにくくなる。この為、このかしめ部９ｂによる内輪３の固定強度を十分確保できる。更に、このかしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローを、上述の様な形状とする事により、このかしめ部９ｂと上記内輪３の内端面との間に隙間が存在しない様にする事ができる。即ち、このかしめ部９ｂとこの内輪３の内端面との間に、スプリングバックによる隙間ができる場合があるが、本実施例の様に、このかしめ部９ｂが変形しにくければ、この様な隙間が生じる事を防ぐ事ができる。これにより、上記内輪３が軸方向にがたつく事を防止できる。   Further, the fiber flow of the caulking portion 9b has a turning point in the vicinity of the end portion, and the end portion of the fiber flow moves away from the inner end surface of the inner ring 3 as it goes outward in the diameter direction of the hub 2. I'm heading. In this way, if the shape of the fiber flow of the caulking portion 9b facing the inner end surface of the inner ring 3 is curved, the strength for fixing the inner ring 3 of the caulking portion 9b can be increased. it can. That is, the closer the direction of fiber flow is to the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the load acts, the easier it is to deform by this load. On the other hand, the closer the direction of the fiber flow is to the direction in which the load acts, the more difficult it is to deform by this load. Therefore, even if a load is applied inward in the axial direction from the inner ring 3 by curving the shape of the fiber flow of the caulking portion 9b at the portion facing the inner end surface of the inner ring 3 as described above, this load Thus, the caulking portion 9b is not easily deformed. For this reason, the fixing strength of the inner ring 3 by the caulking portion 9b can be sufficiently secured. Furthermore, by setting the fiber flow of the caulking portion 9b as described above, there can be no gap between the caulking portion 9b and the inner end face of the inner ring 3. In other words, there is a case where a gap by springback is formed between the caulking portion 9b and the inner end surface of the inner ring 3. If the caulking portion 9b is not easily deformed as in the present embodiment, such a gap is generated. Can be prevented. As a result, the inner ring 3 can be prevented from rattling in the axial direction.

上述の様な形状を有するファイバーフローを上記かしめ部９ｂに有するハブ２を得る為には、次の様にこのハブ２を製造する。先ず、軸受鋼等の炭素鋼製の棒材を所定の長さに切断して第一の素材（ビレット）とする。次に、この第一の素材に鍛造加工を施して第二の素材とする。この第二の素材の段階で、ほぼハブ２の所望の形状となる。更に、この第二の素材の所定部分｛第一の内輪軌道７（図８参照）、段部８等に相当する部分｝に切削加工や研削加工等を施す事により、図３に示す様なハブ２とする。この時、このハブ２の中心軸αを含む切断面のうちの少なくとも一面は、図示の様に、ファイバーフローが、このハブ２の内端部に存在する円筒部１０を含めて軸方向に平行となっている。特に、この円筒部１０は、その内端面まで連続的に繋がっている。   In order to obtain the hub 2 having the fiber flow having the above-described shape in the caulking portion 9b, the hub 2 is manufactured as follows. First, a carbon steel rod such as bearing steel is cut into a predetermined length to form a first material (billet). Next, the first material is forged to form a second material. At the second material stage, the desired shape of the hub 2 is obtained. Further, by applying cutting or grinding to a predetermined portion of the second material {corresponding to the first inner ring raceway 7 (see FIG. 8), stepped portion 8, etc.}, as shown in FIG. It is assumed that the hub 2 is used. At this time, at least one of the cut surfaces including the central axis α of the hub 2 has a fiber flow parallel to the axial direction including the cylindrical portion 10 existing at the inner end of the hub 2 as shown in the figure. It has become. In particular, the cylindrical portion 10 is continuously connected to the inner end surface.

尚、上記円筒部１０は、他の部分に比べて鍛造加工に伴う変形量が少ない為、軸方向に平行で、連続的に繋がっている（途切れていない）ファイバーフローを得易い。これに対して、上記他の部分は、鍛造加工による変形量が大きい為、ファイバーフローが軸方向に平行とならなかったり、途切れたりする場合がある。本実施例の場合、上記円筒部１０のファイバーフローの状態が重要である為、上記他の部分が軸方向に平行とならなかったり、途切れたりしていても差支えない。又、上述の様な切断面を有するハブ２を得る為には、上記第一の素材に鍛造加工を施す際の材料の加工温度等を調整して、上記円筒部１０のファイバーフローが軸方向に連続的に繋がっている切断面を得る為の条件を求める。即ち、数種類の条件（加工温度、鍛造時の加圧力等）でハブ形状を有する試料を複数形成する。そして、これら各試料を切断して円筒部のファイバーフローを確認する。そして、この円筒部のファイバーフローが途切れていない試料の条件により、実際に製品となるハブを形成すれば、上述の様な切断面を有するハブ２が得られる。   In addition, since the said cylindrical part 10 has little deformation amount accompanying a forge process compared with another part, it is parallel to an axial direction and it is easy to obtain the fiber flow connected continuously (it is not interrupted). On the other hand, since the deformation amount due to forging is large in the other portions, the fiber flow may not be parallel to the axial direction or may be interrupted. In the case of the present embodiment, since the fiber flow state of the cylindrical portion 10 is important, the other portions may not be parallel to the axial direction or may be interrupted. Further, in order to obtain the hub 2 having the cut surface as described above, the fiber flow of the cylindrical portion 10 is adjusted in the axial direction by adjusting the processing temperature of the material when forging the first material. The condition for obtaining the cut surface continuously connected to is obtained. That is, a plurality of samples having a hub shape are formed under several types of conditions (processing temperature, pressure applied during forging, etc.). And each of these samples is cut | disconnected and the fiber flow of a cylindrical part is confirmed. And if the hub used as a product is actually formed according to the conditions of the sample in which the fiber flow in the cylindrical portion is not interrupted, the hub 2 having the cut surface as described above can be obtained.

次に、上記ハブ２の段部８に内輪３を外嵌し、上記円筒部１０に、図４〜５に示す様に、かしめ加工を施す。このかしめ加工は、従来と同様に、揺動プレス装置２０（ローリングプレス機、図１２参照）により行なう。本実施例の場合、上記円筒部１０をかしめ広げる際に、この円筒部１０のファイバーフローが途切れない様に、上記かしめ部９ｂを形成する。この為に、上記かしめ加工を２つの段階に分けて行なう。尚、これら２つの工程により負荷する荷重の方向はそれぞれ異なる。即ち、このかしめ加工を、上記円筒部１０を径方向外方に広げる第一段階（図４）と、この円筒部１０を、上記内輪３の内端面に向けて（軸方向外方に）押圧する第二段階（図５）とにより行なう。これら第一、第二段階で上記かしめ加工を行なう際には、上記かしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローが途切れない様に、言い換えれば、かしめ加工中に上記かしめ部９ｂに過大なひずみが生じない様に、加工時の荷重や押型１２（図１２参照）の揺動角度や荷重等を調整する。この様に２つの段階により上記かしめ加工を行なえば、前述の図１〜２に示した様なファイバーフローを有するかしめ部９ｂを得易い。   Next, the inner ring 3 is fitted on the step portion 8 of the hub 2, and the cylindrical portion 10 is caulked as shown in FIGS. This caulking process is performed by a rocking press device 20 (rolling press machine, see FIG. 12) as in the prior art. In this embodiment, the caulking portion 9b is formed so that the fiber flow of the cylindrical portion 10 is not interrupted when the cylindrical portion 10 is caulked and spread. For this purpose, the caulking process is performed in two stages. Note that the directions of loads applied by these two steps are different. That is, in this caulking process, a first stage (FIG. 4) of expanding the cylindrical portion 10 outward in the radial direction, and pressing the cylindrical portion 10 toward the inner end surface of the inner ring 3 (outward in the axial direction). And the second stage (FIG. 5). When performing the caulking process in the first and second stages, the fiber flow of the caulking part 9b is not interrupted, in other words, the caulking part 9b is not excessively strained during the caulking process. The load during processing, the swing angle of the pressing die 12 (see FIG. 12), the load, and the like are adjusted. If the caulking process is performed in two stages as described above, it is easy to obtain the caulking portion 9b having the fiber flow as shown in FIGS.

具体的に説明すると、先ず、図４に矢印ａで示す様に、上記第一段階で上記円筒部１０を径方向外方に広げる。この場合、上記押型１２の上記ハブ２に対する押し付け量及び揺動角度を少なくする事により、上記円筒部１０が直径方向外方に折れ曲がる角度を少なめにする。この様に、上記円筒部１０を折れ曲がる角度を小さくして直径方向外方にかしめ広げれば、この円筒部１０に過大なひずみが生じる事がない。この為、この円筒部１０のファイバーフローが途切れる事なく直径方向外方に折れ曲がる。又、この際、この円筒部１０と上記内輪３の接触部付近のファイバーフローは、この内輪３の内周面からこの内周面と内端面との連続部である湾曲部２４に沿って直径方向外方に折れ曲がる。この時、上記ファイバーフローの端部は、上記ハブ２の直径方向外方に向かい、上記内輪３の端面とは当接しない。   More specifically, first, as indicated by an arrow a in FIG. 4, the cylindrical portion 10 is expanded radially outward in the first stage. In this case, by reducing the pressing amount and swing angle of the pressing die 12 against the hub 2, the angle at which the cylindrical portion 10 bends outward in the diametrical direction is reduced. In this way, if the angle at which the cylindrical portion 10 is bent is reduced and caulked outward in the diametrical direction, excessive distortion will not occur in the cylindrical portion 10. For this reason, the fiber flow of the cylindrical portion 10 is bent outward in the diameter direction without interruption. At this time, the fiber flow in the vicinity of the contact portion between the cylindrical portion 10 and the inner ring 3 has a diameter along the curved portion 24 that is a continuous portion between the inner peripheral surface and the inner end surface from the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring 3. Bend outward in the direction. At this time, the end portion of the fiber flow faces outward in the diameter direction of the hub 2 and does not contact the end surface of the inner ring 3.

次に、図５に矢印ｂで示す様に、上記第二段階で上記円筒部１０を軸方向外方に押圧する。この場合、上記押型１２を、揺動させる事なく（或は僅かな揺動角度で）、上記ハブ２に押し付ける事により、上記円筒部１０がそれ以上直径方向外方に広がるのを抑えつつ、この円筒部１０の先半部を前記内輪３の内端面に押し付ける。言い換えれば、この円筒部１０の先半部を軸方向に圧縮する様に押圧する。この様に、上記円筒部１０を押圧する事により、この円筒部１０のファイバフローの端部が、図示のＢ部に変極点を持ち、このＢ部で上記内輪３の内端面から離れる方向に折れ曲がる。そして、上記ファイバーフローの端部が、上記ハブ２の直径方向外方に向かう程、上記内輪３の端面から離れる方向に向かう様になる。尚、上述した第一、第二段階は、前記揺動プレス装置２０により、１工程で行なう。但し、これら第一、第二段階を別々の工程で行なっても良い。   Next, as shown by an arrow b in FIG. 5, the cylindrical portion 10 is pressed outward in the axial direction in the second stage. In this case, the cylindrical portion 10 is further prevented from spreading outward in the diameter direction by pressing the pressing die 12 against the hub 2 without swinging (or at a slight swing angle) The first half of the cylindrical portion 10 is pressed against the inner end surface of the inner ring 3. In other words, the first half of the cylindrical portion 10 is pressed so as to be compressed in the axial direction. In this way, by pressing the cylindrical portion 10, the end of the fiber flow of the cylindrical portion 10 has an inflection point at the B portion shown in the figure, and in the direction away from the inner end face of the inner ring 3 at the B portion. Bends. Then, the end of the fiber flow is directed away from the end face of the inner ring 3 as it goes outward in the diameter direction of the hub 2. The first and second steps described above are performed in one step by the rocking press device 20. However, these first and second steps may be performed in separate steps.

上述の様に、車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットを構成するハブ２を製造すれば、かしめ部９ｂに過大なひずみが生じない様に、このかしめ部９ｂを形成できる。即ち、ファイバーフローが途切れていない円筒部１０をかしめ広げる際に過大なひずみが生じた場合には、このファイバーフローが途切れる。そして、このかしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローが途切れた場合には、このかしめ部９ｂに亀裂等の損傷が発生する場合がある。これに対して、本実施例の様に、ファイバーフローが途切れない様にこのかしめ部９ｂを形成すれば、上記かしめ部９ｂの形成に伴うひずみを小さく（過大なひずみが生じない様に）できる。尚、実際の製品では、ハブ２を切断する事はできない為、どの様な条件（押し付け荷重等）でかしめ加工を行なえば、本実施例の構造を得られるかを予め実験により求めておく。そして、この求めた条件により上述の様なかしめ加工を行なう。これにより、ハブ２を切断する事なく本実施例の構造が得られる。   As described above, when the hub 2 constituting the wheel bearing rolling bearing unit is manufactured, the caulking portion 9b can be formed so that excessive distortion does not occur in the caulking portion 9b. That is, when excessive distortion occurs when caulking and expanding the cylindrical portion 10 where the fiber flow is not interrupted, the fiber flow is interrupted. When the fiber flow in the caulking portion 9b is interrupted, damage such as a crack may occur in the caulking portion 9b. On the other hand, if this caulking portion 9b is formed so that the fiber flow is not interrupted as in this embodiment, the strain accompanying the formation of the caulking portion 9b can be reduced (so that excessive strain does not occur). . Since the hub 2 cannot be cut with an actual product, it is determined beforehand by experiment whether the structure of the present embodiment can be obtained by performing caulking under any conditions (such as pressing load). Then, the caulking process as described above is performed under the obtained conditions. Thereby, the structure of the present embodiment can be obtained without cutting the hub 2.

上述の様に構成される本実施例の車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットの場合、上記かしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローがこのかしめ部９ｂと内輪３との接触部で途切れていない為、この接触部に大きな応力が作用した場合でも、このかしめ部９ｂに亀裂等の損傷が発生する事を防ぐ。即ち、このかしめ部９ｂは、上記ハブ２の中心軸αに関してほぼ対称に形成される。この為、この中心軸αを含む切断面のうちの少なくとも一面で、上記かしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローが途切れていなければ、このかしめ部９ｂの円周方向全体で、かしめ加工によりファイバーフローが途切れる程に過大な応力が加わっていないと考えられる。   In the case of the wheel support rolling bearing unit of the present embodiment configured as described above, the fiber flow of the caulking portion 9b is not interrupted at the contact portion between the caulking portion 9b and the inner ring 3, so that the contact portion is large. Even when the stress is applied, the caulking portion 9b is prevented from being damaged such as a crack. That is, the caulking portion 9b is formed substantially symmetrically with respect to the central axis α of the hub 2. For this reason, if the fiber flow of the caulking portion 9b is not interrupted on at least one of the cut surfaces including the central axis α, the fiber flow is interrupted by caulking in the entire circumferential direction of the caulking portion 9b. It is thought that excessive stress is not applied to

更に詳しく説明すると、鍛造加工は加工によるばらつきが多く、実際には、図６に示す様に、ハブ２の切断面によって、円筒部１０のファイバーフローが軸方向に平行とならず連続的に繋がらない場合がある。この様にかしめ加工前のファイバーフローが軸方向に平行とならず連続的に繋がっていなければ、かしめ加工に伴ってファイバーフローが途切れたか否かの判断ができない。これに対して、図７に示す様に、かしめ加工前の円筒部１０のファイバーフローが軸方向に平行でその内端面まで連続的に繋がっていれば、かしめ加工に伴ってファイバーフローが途切れたか否かが判断できる。即ち、かしめ加工により過大なひずみが生じた場合には、かしめ加工後のかしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローが途切れ、かしめ加工により過大なひずみが生じていない場合には、かしめ加工後のかしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローが途切れずに繋がったままとなる。   More specifically, the forging process has many variations due to the process, and actually, as shown in FIG. 6, the fiber flow of the cylindrical portion 10 is not continuously parallel to the axial direction but continuously connected by the cut surface of the hub 2. There may not be. Thus, if the fiber flow before caulking is not parallel to the axial direction and is not continuously connected, it cannot be determined whether or not the fiber flow is interrupted along with caulking. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, if the fiber flow of the cylindrical portion 10 before caulking is parallel to the axial direction and continuously connected to the inner end face, the fiber flow is interrupted along with caulking. It can be determined whether or not. That is, when excessive strain is generated by caulking, the fiber flow of the caulking portion 9b after the caulking processing is interrupted, and when excessive strain is not generated by caulking, the caulking portion 9b after caulking is processed. The fiber flow stays connected without interruption.

従って、本実施例では、無限に存在する上記ハブ２の切断面のうち、上記図７に示す様な切断面でかしめ加工によりファイバーフローが途切れなければ、かしめ加工の荷重等の条件が適切で、かしめ部９ｂに過大なひずみが生じなかったと判断する。このかしめ部９ｂは、ハブ２の中心軸αに関してほぼ対称に形成される為、円周方向のどの部分に関しても、かしめ加工の際にほぼ同じ荷重が負荷される。従って、かしめ部９ｂの何れの切断面でもファイバーフローが途切れていれば、かしめ加工によりこのかしめ部９ｂに過大なひずみが生じていると考えられる。これに対して、かしめ部９ｂの少なくとも１つの切断面でファイバーフローが途切れていなければ、かしめ加工によりこのかしめ部９ｂに過大なひずみが生じる事なく、円周方向全体で適切な荷重でかしめ部９ｂが形成されていると考えられる。従って、本実施例の様に、上記ハブ２の切断面のうちの少なくとも一面で、上記かしめ部９ｂのファイバーフローが途切れていなければ、このかしめ部９ｂの円周方向全体でファイバーフローが途切れる程の過大なひずみが存在しないと考えられる。この為、円周方向全体でこのかしめ部９ｂの強度を確保できる。この結果、このかしめ部９ｂに亀裂等の損傷が発生する事を防いで、内輪３の予圧抜け及びクリープの発生を防止できる。   Therefore, in this embodiment, if the fiber flow is not interrupted by caulking at the cutting surface as shown in FIG. 7 among the infinitely existing cutting surfaces of the hub 2, conditions such as caulking load are appropriate. It is determined that no excessive distortion has occurred in the caulking portion 9b. Since the caulking portion 9b is formed substantially symmetrically with respect to the central axis α of the hub 2, almost the same load is applied during caulking for any portion in the circumferential direction. Therefore, if the fiber flow is interrupted at any cut surface of the caulking portion 9b, it is considered that excessive caulking is generated in the caulking portion 9b by caulking. On the other hand, if the fiber flow is not interrupted at at least one cut surface of the caulking portion 9b, the caulking portion does not cause excessive strain in the caulking portion 9b, and the caulking portion is subjected to an appropriate load in the entire circumferential direction. 9b is considered to be formed. Therefore, as in this embodiment, if the fiber flow of the caulking portion 9b is not interrupted on at least one of the cut surfaces of the hub 2, the fiber flow is interrupted in the entire circumferential direction of the caulking portion 9b. It is considered that there is no excessive strain. For this reason, the strength of the caulking portion 9b can be secured in the entire circumferential direction. As a result, it is possible to prevent the caulking portion 9b from being damaged, such as a crack, and to prevent the preload loss of the inner ring 3 and the occurrence of creep.

尚、本実施例では、内径側部材が使用時に回転するハブである構造に就いて説明したが、本発明は、前述の図１１に示した様に、外径側部材が車輪を固定し使用時に回転するハブで、内径側部材が懸架装置に固定され使用時に回転しない軸部材である構造にも適用可能である。即ち、この軸部材の外端部に存在するかしめ部のファイバーフローが、この軸部材の中心軸を含む切断面のうちの少なくとも一面で途切れない様にする。   In the present embodiment, the structure in which the inner diameter side member is a hub that rotates when in use has been described. However, the present invention uses the outer diameter side member fixed to the wheel as shown in FIG. It is also applicable to a structure in which the inner diameter side member is fixed to the suspension device and is a shaft member that does not rotate during use, with a hub that rotates sometimes. That is, the fiber flow of the caulking portion existing at the outer end portion of the shaft member is prevented from being interrupted on at least one of the cut surfaces including the central axis of the shaft member.

本発明の実施例を、ハブに内輪を外嵌した状態で、このハブの一部の切断面のファイバーフロー及び内輪の部分断面図を示す図。The figure which shows the fiber flow of the cut surface of a part of this hub, and the fragmentary sectional view of an inner ring in the state where the inner ring was externally fitted to the hub. 図１のＡ部を内輪を外した状態で拡大して示す写真。The photograph which expands and shows the A section of FIG. 1 in the state which removed the inner ring | wheel. かしめ部を形成する工程を説明する為に、かしめ部を形成する前のハブ及び内輪を示す、図１と同様の図。The same figure as FIG. 1 which shows the hub and inner ring | wheel before forming a caulking part, in order to demonstrate the process of forming a caulking part. かしめ部を形成する為の第一工程を示す、図１と同様の図。The figure similar to FIG. 1 which shows the 1st process for forming a crimp part. かしめ部を形成する為の第二工程を示す、図１と同様の図。The figure similar to FIG. 1 which shows the 2nd process for forming a crimp part. ファイバーフローが軸方向に平行でないハブの切断面を示す写真。A photograph showing a cut surface of a hub in which the fiber flow is not parallel to the axial direction. ファイバーフローが軸方向に平行なハブの切断面を示す写真。A photograph showing the cut surface of the hub where the fiber flow is parallel to the axial direction. 従来構造の第１例を示す半部断面図。The half part sectional view showing the 1st example of conventional structure. 従来構造の製造時に内輪を固定する為、ハブの内端部をかしめ広げる状態を示す部分拡大断面図。The partial expanded sectional view which shows the state which crimps and spreads the inner end part of a hub in order to fix an inner ring | wheel at the time of manufacture of a conventional structure. 同じくハブの内端部をかしめ広げる以前の状態で示す部分拡大断面図。The partial expanded sectional view shown in the state before caulking the inner end part of a hub similarly. 従来構造の第２例を示す断面図。Sectional drawing which shows the 2nd example of a conventional structure. 揺動プレス装置によりハブの内端部をかしめ広げる状態を示す要部縦断面図。The principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state which crimps and expands the inner end part of a hub with a rocking press apparatus.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１、１ａ 車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット
２、２ａ ハブ
３、３ａ 内輪
４ 外輪
５ 転動体
６、６ａ 第一のフランジ
７、７ａ 第一の内輪軌道
８、８ａ 段部
９、９ａ、９ｂ かしめ部
１０、１０ａ 円筒部
１１ テーパ孔
１２ 押型
１３ 凸部
１４ 凹部
１５、１５ａ 第一の外輪軌道
１６、１６ａ 第二の内輪軌道
１７、１７ａ 第二の外輪軌道
１８ 保持器
１９、１９ａ 第二のフランジ
２０ 揺動プレス装置
２１ 抑え治具
２２ ホルダ
２３ 段差面
２４ 湾曲部
２５ 軸部材 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a Rolling bearing unit for wheel support 2, 2a Hub 3, 3a Inner ring 4 Outer ring 5 Rolling element 6, 6a First flange 7, 7a First inner ring raceway 8, 8a Step part 9, 9a, 9b Caulking part 10 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10a Cylindrical part 11 Taper hole 12 Stamping die 13 Convex part 14 Concave part 15, 15a First outer ring track 16, 16a Second inner ring track 17, 17a Second outer ring track 18 Cage 19, 19a Second flange 20 Dynamic pressing device 21 Holding jig 22 Holder 23 Step surface 24 Curved portion 25 Shaft member

Claims (6)

外周面に第一の内輪軌道を一体又は別体の内輪を介して有する内径側部材と、この内径側部材の端部に外嵌された、外周面に第二の内輪軌道を有する内輪と、内周面にこれら第一、第二の内輪軌道に対向する第一、第二の外輪軌道を有する外径側部材と、これら第一、第二の内輪軌道とこれら第一、第二の外輪軌道との間に、それぞれ複数個ずつ設けられた転動体とを備え、上記内径側部材の端部で少なくともこの内径側部材に外嵌した内輪よりも突出した部分に形成した円筒部を直径方向外方にかしめ広げる事で形成したかしめ部により、上記内径側部材に外嵌した内輪をこの内径側部材に結合固定した車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットに於いて、この内径側部材の中心軸を含む切断面のうちの少なくとも一面で、上記かしめ部のファイバーフローがこのかしめ部と上記内輪との接触部で途切れていない事を特徴とする車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット。   An inner diameter side member having the first inner ring raceway on the outer peripheral surface via an integral or separate inner ring, and an inner ring having a second inner ring raceway on the outer peripheral surface, fitted on the end of the inner diameter side member, An outer diameter side member having first and second outer ring raceways opposed to the first and second inner ring raceways on the inner peripheral surface, the first and second inner ring raceways, and the first and second outer rings. A plurality of rolling elements provided between each of the raceways, and a cylindrical portion formed at least at the end of the inner diameter side member and projecting from the inner ring externally fitted to the inner diameter side member. In a wheel support rolling bearing unit in which an inner ring externally fitted to the inner diameter side member is coupled and fixed to the inner diameter side member by a caulking portion formed by caulking outward, the central axis of the inner diameter side member is included. At least one of the cut surfaces, the caulking fiber Wheel supporting rolling bearing unit row, characterized in that uninterrupted at the contact portion between the caulked portion and the inner ring. かしめ部のファイバーフローの端部が、内径側部材の直径方向外方に向かっており、この端部が内輪の端面と当接していない、請求項１に記載した車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット。   The wheel support rolling bearing unit according to claim 1, wherein an end portion of the fiber flow of the caulking portion is directed radially outward of the inner diameter side member, and the end portion is not in contact with an end surface of the inner ring. かしめ部のファイバーフローの端部が、内径側部材の直径方向外方に向かう程内輪の端面から離れる方向に向かっている、請求項２に記載した車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット。   The wheel support rolling bearing unit according to claim 2, wherein the end of the fiber flow of the caulking portion is away from the end face of the inner ring as it goes outward in the diameter direction of the inner diameter side member. かしめ部と内輪の端面との間に隙間が存在しない、請求項１〜３の何れかに記載した車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット。   The rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein there is no gap between the caulking portion and the end face of the inner ring. 外周面に第一の内輪軌道を一体又は別体の内輪を介して有する内径側部材と、この内径側部材の端部に外嵌された、外周面に第二の内輪軌道を有する内輪と、内周面にこれら第一、第二の内輪軌道に対向する第一、第二の外輪軌道を有する外径側部材と、これら第一、第二の内輪軌道とこれら第一、第二の外輪軌道との間に、それぞれ複数個ずつ設けられた転動体とを備え、上記内径側部材の端部で少なくともこの内径側部材に外嵌した内輪よりも突出した部分に形成した円筒部を直径方向外方にかしめ広げる事で形成したかしめ部により、上記内径側部材に外嵌した内輪をこの内径側部材に結合固定した車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットの製造方法に於いて、この内径側部材の中心軸を含む切断面のうちの少なくとも一面で、上記かしめ部を形成する前の上記円筒部のファイバーフローが軸方向に平行でその内端面まで連続的に繋がっており、このファイバーフローを途切れさせずに上記かしめ部を形成する事を特徴とする車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットの製造方法。   An inner diameter side member having the first inner ring raceway on the outer peripheral surface via an integral or separate inner ring, and an inner ring having a second inner ring raceway on the outer peripheral surface, fitted on the end of the inner diameter side member, An outer diameter side member having first and second outer ring raceways opposed to the first and second inner ring raceways on the inner peripheral surface, the first and second inner ring raceways, and the first and second outer rings. A plurality of rolling elements provided between each of the raceways, and a cylindrical portion formed at least at the end of the inner diameter side member and projecting from the inner ring externally fitted to the inner diameter side member. In a manufacturing method of a wheel bearing rolling bearing unit in which an inner ring fitted to the inner diameter side member is coupled and fixed to the inner diameter side member by a caulking portion formed by caulking outward, the center of the inner diameter side member is At least one of the cut surfaces including the shaft, the caulking portion is Before the formation, the fiber flow of the cylindrical portion is parallel to the axial direction and continuously connected to the inner end surface thereof, and the caulking portion is formed without interrupting the fiber flow. Manufacturing method of bearing unit. かしめ部の形成を、円筒部を直径方向外方に広げる第一段階と、この円筒部を内輪の端面に向けて押圧する第二段階とで行なう事により、このかしめ部のファイバーフローの端部が、内径側部材の直径方向外方に向かう程上記内輪の端面から離れる方向に向かう様に、このかしめ部を形成する、請求項４に記載した車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットの製造方法。   By forming the caulking part in the first stage of expanding the cylindrical part outward in the diametrical direction and the second stage of pressing the cylindrical part toward the end face of the inner ring, the end part of the fiber flow of the caulking part is performed. 5. The method for manufacturing a wheel-supporting rolling bearing unit according to claim 4, wherein the caulking portion is formed so as to go away from the end face of the inner ring as it goes outward in the diameter direction of the inner diameter side member.
JP2003322713A 2003-09-16 2003-09-16 Rolling bearing unit for supporting wheel, and method for manufacturing the same Withdrawn JP2005088668A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007211989A (en) * 2007-05-11 2007-08-23 Ntn Corp Bearing device for wheel
WO2008075458A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Ntn Corporation Hub ring of bearing device for wheel and method of producing the same
JP2008247386A (en) * 2008-05-12 2008-10-16 Ntn Corp Bearing device for wheel
US7891879B2 (en) 2006-12-20 2011-02-22 Ntn Corporation Hub wheel of a wheel bearing apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof
US7901143B2 (en) 2005-05-12 2011-03-08 Ntn Corporation Wheel support bearing assembly
WO2019009011A1 (en) * 2017-07-03 2019-01-10 Ntn株式会社 Clutch release bearing device
JP2020029936A (en) * 2018-08-24 2020-02-27 日本精工株式会社 Method and device for manufacturing bearing, method of manufacturing vehicle, and method of manufacturing machine device

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7901143B2 (en) 2005-05-12 2011-03-08 Ntn Corporation Wheel support bearing assembly
US8092095B2 (en) 2005-05-12 2012-01-10 Ntn Corporation Wheel support bearing assembly
WO2008075458A1 (en) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Ntn Corporation Hub ring of bearing device for wheel and method of producing the same
US7891879B2 (en) 2006-12-20 2011-02-22 Ntn Corporation Hub wheel of a wheel bearing apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof
JP2007211989A (en) * 2007-05-11 2007-08-23 Ntn Corp Bearing device for wheel
JP2008247386A (en) * 2008-05-12 2008-10-16 Ntn Corp Bearing device for wheel
WO2019009011A1 (en) * 2017-07-03 2019-01-10 Ntn株式会社 Clutch release bearing device
JP2019015292A (en) * 2017-07-03 2019-01-31 Ntn株式会社 Clutch release bearing device
US11215240B2 (en) 2017-07-03 2022-01-04 Ntn Corporation Clutch release bearing device
JP2020029936A (en) * 2018-08-24 2020-02-27 日本精工株式会社 Method and device for manufacturing bearing, method of manufacturing vehicle, and method of manufacturing machine device
JP7180206B2 (en) 2018-08-24 2022-11-30 日本精工株式会社 Bearing manufacturing method and manufacturing device, vehicle manufacturing method, and mechanical device manufacturing method

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