JP2005053738A - Vertical two-tank-type composter - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composter for organic wastes which has a large processing capacity and being capable of discharging a composted product at a required moisture content. <P>SOLUTION: The vertical two-tank-type composter 10 is used for composting organic wastes by stirring the organic wastes under a warm state to be fermented. It contains a closed fermentation tank 11, which is installed vertically and an upper tank 12 and a lower tank 13 are formed inside, a stirring shaft 25 installed vertically inside the fermentation tank 11, and stirring paddles 27, 28, which are attached to the stirring shaft 25 and rotated in the upper tank 12 and the lower tank 13 to stir the organic wastes. The upper tank 12 has an opening 18 for feeding the organic wastes and a bottom plate 14 which is warmed by warm water circulated by a warm water circulating path 50. The stirring paddle 27 in the upper tank 12 has a plurality of holes 30 for blowing warm air. The lower tank 13 is equipped with a ventilator for drying and an opening 22 with a damper for discharging the processed compost. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a composting apparatus that ferments and composts organic waste such as food waste, food residue, livestock dung, animal dung, organic sludge, and pruned branches in a heated state.

The conventional composting apparatus for fermenting and composting the organic waste described above while stirring in a heated state is a type of rotating a stirring paddle in a horizontal fermentation tank composed of a horizontal cylinder. There were many things.
Examples of conventional horizontal composting apparatuses are disclosed in JP-A-7-96269, JP-A-2000-313684, and JP-A-2002-128585.
In these conventional horizontal composting devices, the organic waste that has been stirred by the stirring blades and screws inside the horizontal fermentation tank is brought into contact with the warm air blown into the fermentation tank and heated to aerobic. The composition was fermented by a thermophilic bacterium under an aerobic environment and composted.

  Such a conventional horizontal composting apparatus has a large installation space because the apparatus is composed of a horizontal cylinder, and the warm air blown into the horizontal fermentation tank and the fermentation tank It is difficult to make the organic waste uniformly contact with the organic waste. Therefore, it takes a long time to compost the organic waste, and there is a problem that much energy is required for composting.

In addition, in the conventional horizontal composting apparatus, it is difficult to uniformly contact the warm air blown into the fermentation tank and the organic waste in the fermentation tank, so the amount of warm air sent into the fermentation tank increases. However, there is a problem in that it is difficult to obtain a large-capacity facility because the blower facility and the heating facility are increased, and the facility cost and the operation cost are increased, and the installation space is increased.
Incidentally, the conventional horizontal composting apparatus has a processing capacity of about 500 kg / day, and it is almost impossible to exceed 1 t / day.

JP-A-7-96269 (FIGS. 1 and 2) JP 2000-313684 A (FIGS. 1 to 7) JP 2002-128585 A (FIG. 1)

  The present invention provides an organic waste composting apparatus having a large processing capacity of 1 t / day or more, for example, 5 t / day, and capable of efficiently composting in a short time. Is an issue.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides:
(1) A composting apparatus for fermenting fermented organic compost while stirring in a heated state. The composting apparatus is set up vertically with the axial direction vertical, and has two tanks, an upper tank and a lower tank. The formed closed fermenter, the stirring shaft vertically disposed in the fermenter, and the stirring attached to the stirring shaft and rotating in the upper and lower tanks to stir organic waste The upper tank has an organic waste inlet and a bottom plate with a hot water circulation path heated by circulating hot water, and the stirring paddle in the upper tank has hot air. A plurality of outlets to be blown out, and hot air blown out from the outlets is guided through the agitation shaft, and the lower tank is provided with a ventilation device for drying and a manufactured compost A vertical 2-tank composting device equipped with a discharge port with a damper for discharging To.

  (2) Further, the present invention is the vertical two-tank composting apparatus according to (1), wherein the hot water circulation path of the bottom plate of the upper tank is inclined from the horizontal direction. A device is provided.

  (3) Moreover, this invention is the vertical type 2 tank composting apparatus as described in said (1) or (2). The vertical type 2 made into the structure which provided the several baffle board in the inner peripheral surface of the said fermentation tank. Provide tank composting equipment.

  (4) Moreover, this invention is a vertical 2 tank composting apparatus as described in said (1) or (2), The vertical 2 tank composting made into the structure which provided the exhaust apparatus which exhausts the inside from the said upper tank. Providing equipment.

  In the vertical two-tank composting apparatus according to the present invention described in (1) above, the fermentation tank is formed by a two-stage tank in which an upper tank and a lower tank are stacked, and the space occupied by the fermentation tank is small. In each of these tanks, the organic waste is agitated by a stirring paddle, and the bottom plate having hot air and hot water circulation paths that are blown out from a plurality of outlets of the stirring paddle of the upper tank is effectively used. The organic waste that has been brought into contact and rapidly composted and composted can be discharged in a state dried to a desired humidity by ventilating from the ventilator in the lower tank.

  In the vertical two-tank composting apparatus according to the present invention described in (2) above, since the warm water circulation path of the bottom plate of the upper tank is inclined from the horizontal direction, the air in the warm water circulation path Is discharged along the slope and does not stay in the hot water circuit, so that the hot water in the hot water circuit can be efficiently exchanged with organic waste in the upper tank without passing through the air layer. , Can increase the thermal efficiency.

  Further, in the vertical two-tank composting apparatus according to the present invention described in (3), the organic waste stirred by the stirring paddle in the fermentation tank hits the baffle plate and is effectively turned over and mixed. In addition to the bottom plate heated by the hot water flowing in the hot water circulation path and the contact between the warm air blown into the tank and the organic waste, which promotes the fermentation of the organic waste can do.

  Furthermore, the vertical two-tank composting apparatus according to the present invention as described in (4) above has an exhaust device for exhausting the interior from the upper tank, and the atmosphere in the fermentation tank is made up of organic waste. It can be kept in a state suitable for fermentation.

  The vertical two-tank composting apparatus of the present invention described above has a large processing capacity and can compost organic waste into a desired moisture state and take it out.

  Hereinafter, the vertical 2 tank composting apparatus by this invention is demonstrated concretely based on one Embodiment shown in FIGS.

First, FIG. 1 demonstrates the whole structure of the composting plant provided with the vertical 2 tank composting apparatus by one Embodiment of this invention.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a receiving hopper that receives organic waste such as garbage, food residues, animal dung, animal dung, organic sludge, pruned branches, etc., composted by this plant from the hopper 1.
A crusher 2 crushes organic waste to be composted into a predetermined size. Reference numeral 3 denotes a weighing machine, which measures a predetermined amount of the organic waste received from the hopper 1 and sends it to the crusher 2.
A belt gate 4 is provided for sending organic waste from the weighing machine 3 to the crusher 2.
Reference numeral 5 denotes a pit deodorizing device for deodorizing and discharging the exhaust from the crusher 2.

The organic waste crushed to a predetermined size by the crusher 2 is supplied to the vertical two-tank composting apparatus 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention by the input conveyor 6.
40 is a heater for heating, and is provided to heat the air supplied into the fermenter as described later.
Reference numeral 41 denotes a deodorizing device, which is provided to deodorize and discharge the exhaust from the fermentation tank. A hydraulic unit 42 constitutes a drive device for rotating the stirring shaft in the fermentation tank as will be described later.

A discharge conveyor 43 is provided to discharge the compost composted by the vertical two-tank composting apparatus 10.
The overall configuration shown in FIG. 1 is as described above. Next, the structure of the vertical two-tank composting apparatus 10 will be described with reference to FIGS.

As shown in FIG. 2, the vertical two-tank composting apparatus 10 has a cylindrical fermentation tank 11 arranged with the axial direction vertical, and the fermentation tank 11 is formed in an upper tank 12 and below the upper tank 12. It comprises a lower tank 13.
The upper tank 12 and the lower tank 13 are partitioned by the bottom plate 14 of the upper tank 12, and the bottom plate 14 is provided with a communication port 15 that communicates between the upper tank 12 and the lower tank 13. An upper paragraph lower damper 16 for opening and closing the communication port 15 is provided. Further, a lower exhaust pipe 7 that guides exhaust from the lower tank 13 to the upper tank 12 is provided. Reference numeral 8 denotes an upper exhaust pipe for exhausting air from the upper tank 12.

The bottom plate 14 of the upper tank 12 is formed with a hot water circulation path 50 through which hot water is circulated, which will be described later.
Further, the top plate 17 of the upper tank 12 is provided with an input port 18 through which the organic waste to be composted that has been conveyed by the input conveyor 6 is input, and an upper exhaust port 19 that exhausts from the upper tank 12. It has been.

The lower tank 13 is provided with an air supply port 20 on a side wall, a bottom plate 21 is provided with a discharge port 22, and the discharge port 22 is provided with a lower discharge damper 23 that opens and closes the discharge port 22.
A stirring shaft 25 is provided which is supported by a bearing 24 so as to be able to rotate vertically through the centers of the upper tank 12 and the lower tank 13. The stirring shaft 25 is rotationally driven around the shaft by a driving unit 26 provided below.
The drive unit 26 is rotated by a gear that is rotated by meshing with the pinion by rotating a pinion with a one-way clutch (not shown) by a cylinder that expands and contracts by pressure oil supplied from the hydraulic unit 42.

An agitation shaft 25 is provided with an upper agitation paddle 27 positioned immediately above the bottom plate 14 of the upper tank 12 and a lower agitation paddle 28 positioned immediately above the bottom plate 21 of the lower tank 13. Both are configured to be driven and rotated by the rotation of 25.
FIG. 3 shows the upper tank 12 and the upper stirring paddle 27 attached to the stirring shaft 25 so as to be positioned immediately above the bottom plate 14. Two upper agitation paddles 27 are attached in pairs on the diameter of the bottom plate 14, but the number can be changed according to the nature of the organic waste to be composted, or a further pair can be attached at the top. Appropriate modifications are possible, such as a structure that can be made.

The upper agitation paddle 27 is provided with an agitation blade 29 attached to the front in the rotational direction, and a plurality of outlets 30 are provided at the rear in the rotational direction. A covering cover 31 is provided.
The stirring blade 29 is provided with a plurality of protrusions 32.
Hot air heated by the heating heater 40 is blown out from the outlet 30 provided in the upper stirring paddle 27, and the hot air is guided through the stirring shaft 25 and the upper stirring paddle 27.
A plurality of baffles 33 are attached to the inner surface of the side wall of the upper tank 12, and the baffles 33 hit the organic waste that is stirred and moved by the upper stirring paddle 27 to turn it back and promote the stirring. doing.
The structure of the baffle 33 may be of any other appropriate structure as long as it gives a turning action to the organic waste other than the structure shown in the figure.

The lower agitation paddle 28 attached to the agitation shaft 25 so as to be positioned immediately above the bottom plate 21 of the lower tank 13 is not provided with an outlet, and the agitation blades similar to the agitation blades 29 in the upper agitation paddle 27 are provided. It is only installed.
In addition, a plurality of baffles are attached to the inner surface of the side wall of the lower tank 13 in the same manner as the baffles 33 in the upper tank 12.
Further, the top plate 17 of the upper tank 12 is provided with a plurality of watering nozzles 34 for imparting a required moisture to the organic waste in the upper tank 12.

  Next, the hot water circulation path 50 provided on the bottom plate 14 of the upper tank 12 will be described with reference to FIGS. Under the bottom plate 14, as shown in FIG. 4A, 16 box-shaped trays 51 having a rectangular plane are attached. The trays 51 are connected in series by eight hot water circulation pipes 52 for each semicircular portion of the bottom plate 14, and the hot water supplied from the hot water supply pipe 53 sequentially flows through the tray 51 and then composted from the hot water discharge pipe 54. It is configured to be discharged out of the tank.

As shown in FIG. 5, each tray 51 has a cross section of the hot water supplied from the hot water circulation pipe 52 to the bottom of the tray 51 and then flows to the bottom plate 14 in the tray 51. It is configured to be discharged from the discharge-side hot water circulation pipe 52 opened to a near position to the next tray 51.
The configuration of the hot water circulation path 50, such as the shape and number of trays, and the communication mode using the hot water circulation pipe, is not limited to that shown in the figure, and may be appropriate.

The tray 51 is configured so that the warm water discharge side is slightly higher than the warm water supply side, so that an air layer is not formed between the upper portion of each tray 51, that is, between the bottom plate 14 and the tray 51. ing.
Thus, since an air layer is prevented from being formed between the bottom plate 14 and the tray 51, the heat exchange rate between the hot water through the bottom plate 14 and the organic waste to be composted is reduced. It is prevented from being lowered by the intervention.

The vertical two-tank composting apparatus of this embodiment has the above-described configuration, and accepts organic waste such as garbage, food residue, livestock dung, animal dung, organic sludge, and pruned branches to be composted. It is received by the hopper 1 and sent to the crusher 2 by a predetermined amount through the weighing machine 3.
The exhaust from the crusher 2 is deodorized by the pit deodorizer 5 and then discharged to the atmosphere.

The organic waste crushed to a predetermined size by the crusher 2 is supplied to the vertical two-tank composting apparatus 10 by the input conveyor 6. Organic waste supplied to the vertical two-tank composting apparatus 10 is received into the upper tank 12 from the inlet 18.
The upper tank 12 is always filled with the remaining compost composted from the previous day to become a fungus bed, and mixed with organic waste having a high water content received from the inlet 18. The moisture is adjusted so that the organic waste is fermented in an aerobic environment by an aerobic thermophilic bacterium.
In addition, at the time of start-up of the composting device, an appropriate moisture adjusting material is added to the organic waste as necessary, and the moisture is started at about 50% moisture suitable for aerobic fermentation. Later, a remaining product with a moisture content of about 40% can be obtained, and thereafter, the fermentation treatment can be repeated every day without additional addition of a moisture adjusting material.

In the upper tank 12, the organic waste is being turned back by rotating the stirring blade 29 together with the pair of upper stirring paddles 27 attached to the stirring shaft 25, for example, by 0.2 to 0.4 rotations per minute, The hot air blown out from the outlet 30 of the upper stirring paddle 27 is brought into contact with the supply of oxygen necessary for fermentation and drying assist heat by the hot air.
Although it is difficult to uniformly heat organic waste by hot air injection alone, a hot water circulation path 50 is provided on the back surface of the bottom plate 14 of the upper tank 12 and is heated by 70 to 80 ° C. hot water flowing therethrough. The entire bottom plate is efficiently heated by contact with the heated bottom plate 14.

Moreover, in the upper tank 12, mineral active dilution water is sprayed to organic waste from the watering nozzle 34, and the fermentation by oxygen supply is activated by the water supply to the organic waste and the components of the mineral liquid.
Furthermore, the baffle 33 attached to the peripheral surface of the upper tank 12 enhances the turnover effect, promotes fermentation, and reduces the water content to 40 to 50% in one day after charging.
In addition, the rotational speed of the stirring paddle 27 is appropriately changed according to the processing object.
The air inside the upper tank 12 is forcibly exhausted from the upper exhaust port 19, and air having an appropriate temperature by the heater 40 is supplied through the stirring shaft 25.

The organic waste fermented in the upper tank 12 and having a water content of about 40% opens the upper and lower dampers 16 of the communication port 15 provided in the bottom plate 14, and rotates through the communication port 15 by rotating the upper stirring paddle 27. Drop supplied to the tank 13. When the supply to the lower tank 13 is finished, the upper lower damper 16 is closed, and the fermentation for composting is performed in a sealed state.
In the lower tank 13, the fermentation is completed by being turned back by the lower stirring paddle 28 while being in contact with fresh air supplied from the air supply port 20, and dried to the final moisture. The lower agitation paddle 28 is not provided with an outlet for blowing air. Radiation heat from the hot water circulation path 50 of the bottom plate 14 of the upper tank 12 is distributed to the entire lower tank 13 in the tank.

Exhaust gas from the lower tank 13 is introduced into the upper part of the upper tank 12 through the lower exhaust pipe 7, and is discharged to the atmosphere through the deodorizer 41 together with the exhaust from the upper tank 12. In order to adjust the balance between the upper tank 12 and the lower tank 13, the lower exhaust pipe 7 is preferably provided with a valve for adjusting the air volume.
In order to promote the growth of fermentation bacteria, it is also necessary to sometimes stop stirring of the stirring paddle and keep the inside of the fermentation tank in a calm state, and the stirring time and the stirring stop time are appropriately set.

The compost obtained in the lower tank 13 is supplied to the discharge conveyor 43 from the discharge port 22 by opening the lower discharge damper 23 of the discharge port 22 provided on the bottom plate 21 of the lower tank 13 and rotating the lower stirring paddle 28. The product is transported and sent to the dough. After the necessary curing is added, it is shipped as a product.
As described above, according to this composting apparatus, organic waste is composted in a sealed state by repeating a 24-hour cycle.
The flow of the composting process of the organic waste by the composting apparatus 10 described above is shown in FIG.

As mentioned above, although the vertical type 2 tank composting apparatus by this invention was demonstrated based on one Embodiment, this invention is not limited to this Embodiment, It is in the range of this invention shown in a claim. Needless to say, various changes may be made.
For example, in the above embodiment, the case where the composting process is performed in both the upper tank 12 and the lower tank 13 has been described, but if the composting is completed in the upper tank 12, the process in the lower tank 13 is not necessary. It can be discharged as compost only by being processed in the upper tank 12. Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the case where the vertical 2 tank composting apparatus 10 was installed and the composting plant was comprised was shown, the vertical 2 tank composting apparatus 10 is the quantity of organic waste. Depending on the situation, a composting plant in which a plurality of units are installed may be configured.

Explanatory drawing which shows the whole structure of the composting plant provided with the vertical type 2 tank composting apparatus by one Embodiment of this invention. Explanatory drawing which shows the vertical 2 tank composting apparatus used for the composting plant of FIG. 1 in a cross section. The perspective view which shows the structure of the upper stage tank in the vertical type 2 tank composting apparatus of FIG. It is drawing which shows the structure of the hot water circulation path provided in the bottom plate of the upper tank in the vertical type 2 tank composting apparatus of FIG. 2, (a) is a back view of a bottom plate, (b) is BB in (a) figure. Sectional drawing which follows a line. Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the tray which comprises the warm water circulation path of FIG. Drawing which shows the flow of the composting process of the organic waste by the composting apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Receiving hopper 2 Crusher 3 Measuring machine 4 Belt gate 5 Pit deodorizing device 6 Loading conveyor 7 Lower exhaust pipe 8 Upper exhaust pipe 10 Vertical 2 tank composting apparatus 11 Fermentation tank 12 Upper tank 13 Lower tank 14 Bottom plate 15 Communication Port 16 Upper stage lower damper 17 Top plate 18 Input port 19 Upper exhaust port 20 Air supply port 21 Bottom plate 22 Discharge port 23 Lower discharge damper 24 Bearing 25 Stirrer shaft 26 Drive unit 27 Upper stir paddle 28 Lower stir paddle 29 Stirrer blade 30 Outlet 31 Cover 32 Projection 33 Baffle 34 Watering nozzle 40 Heating heater 41 Deodorizing device 42 Hydraulic unit 43 Discharge conveyor 50 Hot water circulation path 51 Tray 52 Hot water circulation pipe 53 Hot water supply pipe 54 Hot water discharge pipe

Claims (4)

A composting apparatus that ferments composting organic waste while stirring in a heated state, and is set up vertically with an axial direction vertical, and a two-stage tank of an upper tank and a lower tank is formed inside. A closed-type fermenter, a stirring shaft vertically disposed in the fermenter, and a stirring paddle attached to the stirring shaft and rotated in the upper and lower tanks to stir organic waste The upper tank has an inlet for organic waste and a bottom plate having a hot water circulation path heated by circulating hot water, and the stirring paddle in the upper tank has a plurality of blowing out hot air The warm air blown out from the blow-out port is guided through the stirring shaft, and the ventilation unit for drying and the produced compost are discharged into the lower tank. Vertical two-tank compost characterized by having a discharge port with a damper Apparatus. 2. The vertical two-tank composting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hot water circulation path of the bottom plate of the upper tank is inclined from the horizontal direction. The vertical two-tank composting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of baffle plates are provided on an inner peripheral surface of the fermentation tank. The vertical two-tank composting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an exhaust device for exhausting the inside from the upper tank.

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