JP3933465B2 - Organic waste decomposition apparatus and decomposition method - Google Patents

Organic waste decomposition apparatus and decomposition method Download PDF

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JP3933465B2
JP3933465B2 JP2001394950A JP2001394950A JP3933465B2 JP 3933465 B2 JP3933465 B2 JP 3933465B2 JP 2001394950 A JP2001394950 A JP 2001394950A JP 2001394950 A JP2001394950 A JP 2001394950A JP 3933465 B2 JP3933465 B2 JP 3933465B2
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JP2003190921A (en
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延幸 高橋
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延幸 高橋
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、有機廃棄物分解装置及び分解方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
レストランや食品加工工場、あるいは一般家庭等からも、廃棄物として残飯又は野菜くず等の生ゴミが排出される。こうした有機廃棄物（特に、食料品系有機廃棄物）の処理方法としては、微生物に分解させる方法が従来から広く使用されている。微生物は、一般に、有機担体、例えば、木材のおがくず、チップ、もみ殻、又はそば殻、あるいは多孔性無機担体、例えば、岩石又はセラミックに担持させ、それらの微生物担持担体と有機廃棄物とを混合する。
【０００３】
有機廃棄物処理装置には、微生物担持担体及び有機廃棄物を収容する処理槽を動かさずに、可動攪拌手段を内部に有するタイプと、微生物担持担体及び有機廃棄物を収容する処理槽自体を回転させるタイプとが存在する。処理槽を動かさずに内部の可動攪拌手段を動かして攪拌するタイプでは、内容物を充分に攪拌するために、攪拌手段として高強度の材料を使用する必要があり、更に高出力の動力が必要であるという欠点がある。
【０００４】
処理槽回転型の処理装置としては、例えば、特開２０００−３１７４２９公報に、分解処理ドラムを有する生ゴミ処理装置が記載されている。この生ゴミ処理装置によれば、分解処理ドラムの内壁に複数の衝立板が取り付けられており、酸素の供給は撹拌によって行われる。従って、この生ゴミ処理装置では、分解処理ドラムを連続的に回転させながら微生物処理を実施する必要がある。このため、微生物担持担体も、分解処理ドラムの回転により衝立板と衝突して摩耗するので、微生物担持担体が短時間で粉砕され、消滅してしまうという問題があった。微生物担持担体として、有機物担体を使用した場合は、非常に早く消滅し、セラミック等の無機担体でも比較的早く消滅してしまう。また、連続的に回転させる処理装置によると、特に、米や小麦などの穀類廃棄物を処理する際に、糊化、餅化、又はガム状化の現象が起き、被処理物が塊となって分解が進まず、衝立板及び分解処理ドラム内壁に糊化された被処理物が付着して機械が損壊する等の問題もあった。糊化、餅化、又はガム状化の防止策としては、手早く小塊に分割してしまう方法、低温にして粘性を低下させる方法（この方法では低温のために微生物分解反応も停止する）等が考えられるが、経済的な問題等があり実用的ではない。更に、この生ゴミ処理装置では、排水手段を存在させないので、被処理物が水分を多量に含有していた場合に分解処理ドラム内に過剰な水分が溜まってしまうことがある。ドラム内に過剰に水分が溜まると、その水分によって微生物に、充分な空気が供給されなくなるので、嫌気性発酵が起こり、分解速度が著しく低下するばかりでなく、アンモニアガスやメタンガスなどの有害／悪臭物質が発生するという問題もあった。
【０００５】
分解処理ドラムを不連続に回転させる装置としては、例えば、特開２０００−６１４３１公報に、多孔性のドラム内に生ゴミ及び微生物担持担体を収容し、ドラム周辺をカバーにより密閉して、カバー内に空気を通気しながらドラムを間欠的に回転させる生ゴミ消滅型攪拌装置が記載されている。この装置によれば、分解処理ドラムを回転させて撹拌した後、分解処理ドラムの回転を停止し、静止状態で微生物処理を実施することができる。しかしながら、分解処理ドラムを静止した場合、ドラムの側壁部に位置する微生物担持担体には酸素が供給されるが、ドラム中心部に位置する微生物担持担体には充分に酸素が供給されないので、均一な空気供給のために、頻繁にドラムを回転させる必要があった。その結果、分解処理ドラムを連続的に回転させる装置と同様の問題が発生する。
【０００６】
微生物担持担体に空気を充分に通気させる構造を有する処理装置としては、例えば、特開平１０−１１３６４２公報に、分解処理ドラムの回転軸を垂直方向に配置した縦回転型処理装置が記載されている。しかしながら、この装置では、攪拌機構が複雑になるので故障し易く、撹拌に必要な動力が高出力になるという欠点があった。
【０００７】
更に、特開平１０−１５６３２０公報には、分解処理ドラムの回転軸を水平方向に配置した多孔性の横回転型円筒形ドラムを有する処理装置が記載されている。この装置では、微生物担持担体を収容したドラムの下方から上方へ空気を通気する。しかし、この装置によると、円筒形の多孔性ドラム内部に微生物担持担体層が、断面円弧状の層を形成するので、層厚の差が極めて大きくなり、通気抵抗の差もそれに応じて大きくなる。従って、層厚が薄い領域では多くの空気が通過するが、層厚の厚い領域では空気がほとんど通過しないことがあり、大多数の微生物担持担体は、層厚の厚い領域に存在するので、全体としては、充分な好気性発酵が行われないという問題があった。
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
以上のように、従来の有機廃棄物処理装置（特に、生ゴミ処理装置）においては、充分な酸素供給を保証するために連続撹拌方式を採用すると、糊化、餅化、又はガム状化の現象が起きると共に微生物担持担体が早期に破壊されるという欠点があり、その逆に、不連続撹拌方式を採用すると、充分な酸素供給が保証されないか、構造が複雑になって故障が発生し易くなるというジレンマがあった。
従って、本発明の課題は、不連続撹拌方式を採用し、しかも充分な酸素供給が保証され、更に構造が単純で故障が発生しにくい有機廃棄物処理装置及び処理方法を提供することにある。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記の課題は、本発明により、
（１）実質的に水平な方向に延びる回転軸を中心に回転可能な円筒状分解槽；
（２）前記円筒状分解槽の内部で、前記回転軸と実質的に平行に延び、前記円筒状分解槽を、分解処理室と給気室とに分割する多孔性隔壁；
（３）前記分解処理室内に、微生物担持担体を挿入する手段；
（４）前記分解処理室内に、被処理有機廃棄物を挿入する手段；
（５）前記円筒状分解槽を回転させるか、又は回転を停止させることができる手段であって、前記円筒状分解槽の回転により前記微生物担持担体と前記被処理有機廃棄物との混合物が分解処理室内に形成する安息角と多孔性隔壁とが実質的に平行になり、前記給気室が前記分解処理室の下方になる位置で、円筒状分解槽の回転を停止して静止させることのできる手段；
（６）前記給気室内に酸素を供給する給気手段；
（７）前記分解処理室から気体を排出する排気手段；
（８）前記微生物担持担体と前記被処理有機廃棄物との混合物が分解処理室内に形成する前記安息角と多孔性隔壁とが実質的に平行になり、前記給気室が前記分解処理室の下方になる位置で静止状態となっている前記分解処理室において、前記混合物に、前記給気手段及び／又は前記排気手段を介して、酸素を通気させる強制通気手段；及び
（９）前記給気室に設けられ、前記分解処理室内からの水分を前記円筒状分解槽の外部へ排出する排水手段；
を含む、有機廃棄物分解装置によって解決することができる。
【００１０】
また、本発明は
（１）実質的に水平な方向に延びる回転軸と実質的に平行に延びる多孔性隔壁によって分割された分解処理室と給気室とを備え、前記分解処理室内に微生物担持担体を含み、そして前記の回転軸を中心に回転可能な円筒状分解槽を用意し；
（２）前記分解処理室内に、被処理有機廃棄物を挿入し；
（３）前記の円筒状分解槽を、前記回転軸を中心に回転させることにより、前記分解処理室内の微生物担持担体と被処理有機廃棄物とを混合し；
（４）微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物によって分解処理室内に形成される安息角と多孔性隔壁とが実質的に平行になり、前記給気室が前記分解処理室の下方になる位置で、円筒状分解槽の回転を停止して静止させ；
（５）酸素を、前記給気室から、前記多孔性隔壁を経て、微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物内部を経由させ、円筒状分解槽に設けた排気手段から排出する強制的な通気条件下において微生物発酵を実施する；
ことを特徴とする、有機廃棄物の分解方法にも関する。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明による有機廃棄物分解装置を添付図面に沿って説明するが、本発明はこれらの添付図面に示す態様に限定されるものではない。
図１は、本発明による有機廃棄物分解装置１の斜視図であり、図２は、図１の有機廃棄物分解装置１に含まれる横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の内部構造、及び被処理有機廃棄物挿入手段３０の構造を示す部分断面図である。
【００１２】
図１及び図２に示すように、本発明による有機廃棄物分解装置１は、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０と、被処理物挿入手段３０と、前記円筒状分解槽１０を回転させる回転手段４０とを含む。前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の内部には、後述するように、有機廃棄物を分解する分解処理室３が配置されている。
【００１３】
前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０は、その回転軸が実質的に水平方向となるように配置して使用され、図２の矢印Ｘ方向への回転及びそれとは逆方向である矢印Ｙ方向への回転が可能であり、回転を停止して静止状態にすることも可能である。回転手段４０としては、前記の回転及び静止を可能とする手段である限り限定されるものではないが、例えば、図１に示すように、モータ４２及び支持ギア４１ａ，４１ｂを挙げることができる。なお、図１においては、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の正面側から見える２つの支持ギア４１ａ，４１ｂのみを示すが、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の裏側にも同様の支持ギアが２つ存在する。図１に示すように、歯車型の支持ギア４１ａ，４１ｂを用いる場合は、それらと嵌合可能なリング状ギア４３ａ，４３ｂを、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の円筒状側壁部１０ａ上に設けることもできる。図１に示す一方の支持ギア４１ｂとリング状ギア４３ｂとに代わり、支持ローラ及びリング状ローラを用いることもできる。あるいは、全ての支持ギア及びリング状ギアに代わり、支持ローラ及びリング状ローラを用いることもできる。
【００１４】
前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０は、その内部に設けた分解処理室３に、微生物を担持させた担体（微生物担持担体）を挿入する手段として、例えば、図１に示すように、円筒状分解槽１０の円筒状側壁部１０ａ上に、挿入・排出部１８を有することができる。この挿入・排出部１８は、例えば、開口部１７と開閉可能な蓋部１６とからなることができ、新鮮な微生物担持担体の挿入だけでなく、古くなって交換が必要になった微生物担持担体の一部又は全部の排出に用いることもでき、更に、被処理有機廃棄物の挿入及び／又は排出に用いることもできる。また、微生物によって分解することができないか又は分解に長時間を有する残留物（例えば、トウモロコシの皮やタケノコの皮などの植物繊維）の排出に用いることもできる。なお、微生物担持担体挿入手段とは別に、微生物担持担体の排出手段を設けることもでき、この微生物担持担体排出手段から、古くなった微生物担持担体や、微生物によって分解することができないか又は分解に長時間を有する残留物を排出することができる。
【００１５】
前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０は、その内部に設けた分解処理室３に、被処理有機廃棄物を挿入する手段を有し、例えば、図１及び図２に示すように、その一方の円盤状側壁部１０ｃに、被処理物挿入手段３０が設置されている。被処理物挿入手段３０は、例えば、ホッパ３１、モータ３２、及び螺旋コンベヤ３３を含む。前記螺旋コンベヤ３３は、その回転軸が横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の回転軸と実質的に一致するように配置され、円盤状側壁部１０ｃの中心において、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の外側から横回転型円筒状分解槽１０内部の分解処理室３の内部まで貫通している。
【００１６】
前記螺旋コンベヤ３３の静止管３５は、軸シール部３４によって密封された状態で、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の円盤状側壁部１０ｃに固定されている。静止管３５内には、螺旋パドル３６を設け、ホッパ３１から挿入される有機廃棄物を分解処理室３の内部に送ることができる回転方向にモータ３２によって回転させることができる。なお、螺旋パドル３６の長さを延長して、静止管３５の先端から突出させると、螺旋パドル３６の回転によって分解処理室３の内部での有機廃棄物の拡散を促進することができるので好ましい。また、ホッパ３１の上部に粉砕手段（図示せず）を設け、被処理有機廃棄物に含まれている大型の塊を粉砕して、小型化することもできる。
【００１７】
前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の円筒状側壁部１０ａ、並びに２つの円盤状側壁部１０ｂ，１０ｃを構成するハウジングは、図１及び図２などに示すように、外側の断熱材層８と内側のドラム２との２層構造からなることができる。外側断熱材層８は、図１及び図２などに示すように、円筒状分解槽１０の円筒状側壁部１０ａ、並びに２つの円盤状側壁部１０ｂ，１０ｃの全体を覆うことも、それらの一部を覆うこともできる。内側ドラム２は、水不透過性で不通気性の材料からなることができる。
【００１８】
前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０は、その内部に１つの分解処理室３と、少なくとも１つの給気室を有し、好ましくは、１つの分解処理室３と、給気室１つと排気室１つとを有する。図２（及び後述する図７及び図８）には、１つの分解処理室３と、給気室４及び排気室５をそれぞれ１つずつ有する態様を示す。分解処理室３の容量（体積）は、給気室（１つの場合）よりも大きくし、給気室４及び排気室５の合計容量（体積）よりも大きくすることが好ましい。前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の内部において、分解処理室３と給気室４とは、多孔性隔壁によって分離する。また、分解処理室３と排気室５も多孔性隔壁によって分離する。これらの多孔性隔壁は、水と気体（例えば、空気、水蒸気、あるいは炭酸ガス）を透過するが、微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物を透過しない材料からなる。
【００１９】
前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０が、その内部に１つの分解処理室と１つの給気室とを有し、排気室を設けない場合にも、分解処理室から気体を排出する手段は必要であり、例えば、分解処理室の壁面に排気口を設けることができる。この排気口から、微生物担持担体や被処理有機廃棄物が排出されないように、排気口をフィルタや金網などで覆うのが好ましい。また、排気室を設けない横回転型円筒状分解槽の壁面、すなわち、分解処理室の壁面及び／又は給気室の壁面に給水口を設け、分解処理室の微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物に水分を供給することもできる。
【００２０】
本明細書の添付図面では、前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の内部に１つの分解処理室３と、給気室４及び排気室５をそれぞれ１つずつ有する本発明の代表的態様を示す。例えば図２などに示すように、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の内部には、多孔性隔壁６によって中央部の分解処理室３と給気室４とが隔てられ、もう一方の多孔性隔壁７によって中央部分解処理室３と排気室５とが隔てられている。２枚の多孔性隔壁６，７は、それぞれが、前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の回転軸と実質的に平行に延びると共に、２枚の多孔性隔壁６，７が相互に実質的に平行に設けられる。また、２枚の多孔性隔壁６，７は、それぞれ、円筒状分解槽１０の両端の円盤状側壁部１０ｂ，１０ｃに達する。
【００２１】
多孔性隔壁６，７は、それぞれ、湾曲していない平板状であることもできるが、少なくとも、分解処理室３と給気室４とを隔てる多孔性隔壁６は、図７及び図８に示すように、若干湾曲させ、中央部を円筒状側壁部１０ａの方向へ若干突出させることが好ましい。後述するように、分解処理室３への通気は、給気室４から多孔性隔壁６を介して、分解処理室３の内部の微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物に対して行われる。後述する図９に示すように、この際、多孔性隔壁６が湾曲していない平板状であると、多孔性隔壁６と円筒状側壁部１０ａとの接合部の付近の混合物の量が多くなるので、通気抵抗に若干の差異が発生するが、多孔性隔壁６を湾曲させることにより、通気抵抗の差異を修正することができる。また、湾曲した多孔性隔壁６を用いることにより、分解処理室３の内部収容スペースを広くすることができると共に、酸素（例えば、空気）の供給面積を広くすることができる。
【００２２】
前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０は、前記の給気室４に酸素（例えば、空気）を供給する給気手段、及び前記の排気室５から気体を排出する排気手段を有し、更に、給気手段への給気及び／又は排気手段からの排気を強制的に実行する強制通気手段を有する。すなわち、強制通気手段は、給気手段側に配置する強制送風手段（例えば、送風機）であることも、排気手段側に配置する強制吸引手段（例えば、吸気機）であることもでき、更には、それらの強制送風手段と強制吸引手段とを併用することもできる。なお、強制吸引手段を用いると、分解処理室３の内部の微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物に対して、均一な強制通気を実施することができる点で好ましく、強制送風手段を用いると、コストを低く抑えることが出きる点で好ましい。
【００２３】
前記の給気手段及び排気手段は、それぞれが給気室４及び排気室５と接続する限り、前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の任意の位置に設けることができるが、例えば、図１及び図２に示すとおり、円盤状側壁部１０ｂに、給気管１２ａと排気管１２ｂとからなる給排気管系１２を設けることができる。
【００２４】
本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１においては、分解処理室３の内部に挿入された被処理有機廃棄物に含まれる余分な水分を除去する排水手段を設けることが好ましい。スープ類、麺のつゆ、みそ汁、又はカレーなどの食品系有機廃棄物は大部分が水分であり、あるいは、残飯や果物など固形の食品系有機廃棄物であっても多量の水分を含む場合がある。このように、大部分が水分の有機廃棄物又は多量の水分を含む有機廃棄物を処理する場合には、前記のような嫌気性発酵を起こすことがあるので、場合により、強制吸引型排水手段を設けて、有害な過剰水分を除去することが好ましい。なお、有機廃棄物の微生物処理によって発生する水分は、主に水蒸気となって、同じく微生物処理によって発生する炭酸ガスと共に、前記の排気手段から排出することができる。一方、分解処理室３の内部に水分を補給する給水手段を設けることもできる。この給水手段により、特に、微生物担持担体上の微生物に対して水分を補給することができ、あるいは、水分含量の低い被処理有機廃棄物に対して、水分を補給することができる。
【００２５】
前記の排水手段及び給水手段は、それぞれ、前記給気室４及び前記排気室５のいずれに接続させることもできる。しかしながら、前記の排水手段を前記給気室４に接続させることが好ましく、前記の給水手段を前記排気室５に接続させることが好ましい。これは、後述するように、被処理有機廃棄物を微生物処理する際には、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０を静止状態とし、更にその際に、前記給気室４を分解処理室３の下方にし、前記排気室５を分解処理室３の上方にして静止状態とするので、排水手段を給気室４と同様に分解処理室３の下方に配置し、給水手段を排気室５と同様に分解処理室３の上方に配置することが好ましいからである。前記給水手段及び排水手段は、例えば、排気室５及び給気室４と接続する限り、前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の任意の位置に設けることができるが、例えば、図１及び図２に示すとおり、円盤状側壁部１０ｂに、給水管１１ａと排水管１１ｂとからなる給排水管系１１を設けることができる。
【００２６】
本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１においては、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の外側表面が空気中に露出していることができる。あるいは、円筒状分解槽１０内の温度を微生物の生育に適した温度に維持するために、円筒状分解槽１０の外側を断熱材槽で覆うことができ、更に、図１及び図２に示すように温度調節手段、例えば、冷水管、又は好ましくは温水管１３を配置し、前記円筒状分解槽１０及び前記温水管１３の全体を断熱材層８で覆うことができる。また、本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１の全体又はその一部（少なくとも、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の全体）を、密閉可能で温度制御が可能な恒温室内に設置して、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の外側表面を前記恒温室内の空気中に露出させ、前記恒温室の温度制御により、円筒状分解槽１０内の温度を微生物の生育に適した温度に維持することもできる。
【００２７】
温度調節手段としては、調節可能に冷却又は好ましくは加熱することができる任意の手段（例えば、電気ヒータ）を用いることができる。図２に示すように、温水管１３は、円盤状側壁部１０ｂに設けた温水供給管１３ａから供給し、前記円筒状分解槽１０の円筒状側壁部１０ａの外側表面を、例えば、螺旋状に巻回させることができる。あるいは、円筒状分解槽１０の内部に温水管を通過させて、直接、微生物担持担体を加熱することもできる。
【００２８】
本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１においては、前記の給気手段から供給する酸素（例えば、空気）を用いて、分解処理室３内部の温度制御を行うことができる。例えば、前記の給気手段から給気室に、温度制御した空気（例えば、冷風、又は好ましくは温風）を供給し、その温度制御空気を、多孔性隔壁を経て分解処理室３に送り、分解処理室３内部の温度を微生物の生育に適した温度に維持することができる。更に、本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１においては、前記の給水手段から供給する水（例えば、冷水又は好ましくは温水）を用いて、分解処理室３内部の温度制御を行い、分解処理室３内部の温度を微生物の生育に適した温度に維持することもできる。
分解処理室３の内部に、温度、湿度、及び／又は酸素濃度などのセンサを設置すると、排水量、給水量、通気量、温度、及び湿度を自動的に制御することができるので好ましい。
【００２９】
なお、微生物による有機廃棄物の分解は発熱反応であるので、分解が進行するにつれて分解処理室内部の温度が上昇する。従って、分解処理室の温度を上昇させるための温度調節手段を設ける必要はないが、分解処理を最初に開始する際、又は被処理物が減少して微生物の分解処理量が減少した場合など、発熱量が低下した場合であっても、分解処理室内の温度を上昇させて微生物の生育至適温度を維持することができるので、加温可能な温度調節手段を設けることが好ましい。一方、微生物の有機廃棄物分解により過剰な発熱量が生じて微生物の生育至適温度を超えた場合には、温度調節手段の温度調節媒体（例えば、水又は空気など）の温度を微生物の生育至適温度に保つか又はその生育至適温度よりも低温にすることにより分解処理室内部の温度を微生物の生育至適温度まで低下させることもできるので、温度調節媒体を用いるタイプの温度調節手段であることが好ましい。
【００３０】
前記円筒状分解槽１０の円盤状側壁部１０ｂにおいては、前記の給排気管系１１、前記の給排水管系１２、及び前記の温水供給管１３ａのパイプラインを統括的にまとめる回転ジョイント１４及び総合管１５を設けることが好ましい。総合管１５の先端に、前記の給排気管系１１と連絡する強制通気手段（図示せず）を設けることができる。
【００３１】
本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１においては、分解処理室３の内部の微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物に対して、後述するように、回転を停止した静止状態で微生物処理を実施する。その際の分解処理室３と、給気室４及び排気室５の位置関係は特に限定されないが、給気室４を分解処理室３の下方に位置させ、排気室５を分解処理室３の上方に位置させ、分解処理室３の下方から上方の方向へ強制通気を行うのが好ましい。この場合、前記の給水管１１ａを、分解処理室３の上方に位置する排気室５に接続させ、排水管１１ｂを、分解処理室３の下方に位置する給気室４に接続させることが好ましい。
【００３２】
なお、本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１においては、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の回転中には、給気室及び排気室を最初から確定せずに、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の回転を停止して、静止状態にした際に、分解処理室３の下方に位置する部屋を給気室４とし、分解処理室３の上方に位置する部屋を排気室５として使用することもできる。この場合は、２つの給・排気室にそれぞれ接続する給排気管系１１及び給排水管系１２を適宜切り替えることが好ましい。
【００３３】
本発明による有機廃棄物分解装置１は、円筒状分解槽１０の内側表面の一部に多孔性隔壁６，７を設けるので、分解処理室３の断面形状は、真円の一部を直線又は曲線で切り欠いた扁平な形状となる。すなわち、多孔性隔壁６，７が真円断面の円筒体の内壁面上から突出した構造を有するので、微生物担持担体及び有機廃棄物を収容して回転させた場合には、それらを効率よく撹拌することができるので、円筒状分解槽１０の内側表面に、通常の撹拌羽根を設ける必要はないが、通常の撹拌羽根を設けることによって撹拌効率を向上させることが好ましい。
【００３４】
本発明者は、本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１において、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の内部に、前記円筒状分解槽１０が前記回転軸を中心に回転した場合に、微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物を、その回転軸が延びる方向へ移動させる軸方向移動用撹拌手段を配置すると、撹拌効率を更に向上させることもできることを見出した。また、本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１においては、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の内部に、前記円筒状分解槽１０が前記回転軸を中心に回転した場合に、微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物を、その回転方向へ移動させる回転方向移動用撹拌手段を配置することが好ましい。
【００３５】
図３は、前記軸方向移動用撹拌手段の一態様である三角柱型撹拌板２１の斜視図であり、図４は、前記回転方向移動用撹拌手段の一態様である平板型撹拌板２４の斜視図である。
三角柱型撹拌板２１は、三角柱型の撹拌主体板２２を有し、場合により、その上面に設けた撹拌補助板２３を含むことができる。三角柱型撹拌板２１は、その三角柱型撹拌主体板２２の１つの大略直角三角形状底面２２ｄで前記分解処理室３の内側ドラム２の内壁面、及び／又は多孔性隔壁６，７の分解処理室側壁面の上に固定して設けることができる。三角柱型撹拌主体板２２が有する３つの側面２２ａ，２２ｂ，２２ｃの内、大略直角で交わる２側面２２ａ，２２ｃは、一方の側面２２ａが、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の回転軸と実質的に平行であり、もう一方の側面２２ｃが前記回転軸と実質的に垂直方向に延びる（以下、前記側面２２ａを平行側面２２ａと称することがある）。また、第３の側面２２ｂが前記回転軸の延びる方向から偏向している（以下、この側面２２ｂを偏向側面２２ｂと称することがある）。
【００３６】
前記の三角柱型撹拌板２１を有する横回転型円筒状分解槽１０が、図３に示す矢印Ｙの方向に回転すると、前記の平行側面２２ａと接する微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物は、矢印Ｙの方向（すなわち、回転方向）に移動する。一方、この三角柱型撹拌板２１を有する横回転型円筒状分解槽１０が、図３に示す矢印Ｘの方向に回転すると、前記の偏向側面２２ｂと接する微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物は、矢印Ｘの方向（すなわち、回転方向）に移動すると共に、図３に示す矢印Ａの方向（すなわち、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の軸方向）にも移動する。
【００３７】
前記の撹拌補助板２３は、前記分解処理室３の内側ドラム２の内壁面、及び／又は多孔性隔壁６，７の分解処理室側壁面と実質的に平行に設置（従って、前記の平行側面２２ａや偏向側面２２ｂとは垂直に設置）することが好ましい。また、前記の回転方向の撹拌を補助するためには、平行側面２２ａの上部に突出させた撹拌補助板２３として設置することが好ましい。更に、前記の軸方向の撹拌を補助するために、偏向側面２２ｂの上部に突出させた撹拌補助板２３’（仮想線で示す）を設置することもできる。
【００３８】
前記軸方向移動用撹拌手段としては、図３に示す前記三角柱型撹拌板２１において、底面を直角三角形から二等辺三角形に変更した形状の三角柱型撹拌板を用いることもできる。こうした二等辺三角形型撹拌板を用いると、２つの側面を前記回転軸の延びる方向に対して偏向して設置することができ、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の回転方向とは無関係に、回転方向撹拌と軸方向撹拌を実施することができる。
【００３９】
平板型撹拌板２４は、平板型の撹拌主体板２５を有し、場合により、その上面に設けた撹拌補助板２６を含むことができる。平板型撹拌主体板２５は、その１つの大略長方形状底面で、前記分解処理室３の内側ドラム２の内壁面、及び／又は多孔性隔壁６，７の分解処理室側壁面の上に固定して設けることができる。平板型撹拌主体板２５の相互に平行な２対の側面の内、面積の大きい２側面２５ａは前記回転軸と実質的に平行であり、面積の小さい２側面２５ｂは前記回転軸と実質的に垂直方向に延びている。この平板型撹拌主体板２５を有する横回転型円筒状分解槽１０が、図４に示す矢印Ｘの方向に回転すると、前記側面（平行側面）２５ａと接する微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物は、矢印Ｘの方向（すなわち、回転方向）に移動し、矢印Ｙの方向に回転すると、矢印Ｙの方向（すなわち、回転方向）に移動する。
【００４０】
前記の撹拌補助板２６は、前記分解処理室３の内側ドラム２の内壁面、及び／又は多孔性隔壁６，７の分解処理室側壁面と実質的に平行に設置（従って、前記の平行側面２５ａとは垂直に設置）することが好ましい。前記三角柱型撹拌板２１による回転方向の撹拌を補助するために、前記三角柱型撹拌板２１に設ける撹拌補助板２３と同じ方向に突出させて１つの側面（平行側面）２５ａの上部に突出させて設置することが好ましい。更に、前記側面（平行側面）２５ａの裏面であるもう１つの側面（平行側面）２５ａの上部に突出させた撹拌補助板２６’（仮想線で示す）を設置することもできる。
【００４１】
なお、平板型撹拌板２４の平行側面２５ａを、前記円筒状分解槽１０の前記回転軸が延びる方向に対して偏向させて配置することにより、この平板型撹拌板２４を、前記軸方向移動用撹拌手段として用いることもできる。また、こうした平板型撹拌板を、前記分解処理室３の内側ドラム２の内壁面、及び／又は多孔性隔壁６，７の分解処理室側壁面において、軸方向に連続的な帯状体として配置することもできる。更に、例えば、特開２０００−３１７４２９号公報記載の衝立板のように、螺旋状に曲げた連続的帯状体を設けることもできる。
本発明においては、これら複数種の軸方向移動用撹拌手段の１種又はそれらの組み合わせを適宜選択し、更に、前記の平板型撹拌板２４と組み合わせて用いることができる。
【００４２】
図２に示す横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の分解処理室３の内壁には、前記の三角柱型撹拌板２１及び平板型撹拌板２４がそれぞれ複数個設置されている。図５は、三角柱型撹拌板２１及び平板型撹拌板２４の設置状態を説明するために、円筒状側壁部１０ａの内側表面を展開した説明図である。円筒形立体の内側表面の展開図であるので、図５の上端と下端とは連続する曲面の同一の部分を意味し、右端及び左端は、それぞれ円盤状側壁部１０ｂ，１０ｃに接しており、そして横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の回転は、図５の上下方向（矢印Ｘ，Ｙの方向）への移動に相当する。
【００４３】
三角柱型撹拌板２１は、平行側面２２ａが回転方向（矢印Ｘ，Ｙの方向）に対して垂直に配置されており、偏向側面２２ｂが回転方向（矢印Ｘ，Ｙの方向）に対して偏向して配置されている。平板型撹拌板２４は、２つの側面（平行側面）２５ａのいずれの面も回転方向（矢印Ｘ，Ｙの方向）に対して垂直に配置されている。三角柱型撹拌板２１及び平板型撹拌板２４上の撹拌補助板２３，２６は、それぞれ、矢印Ｙの方向の撹拌を補助する方向に設ける。
【００４４】
図５の態様では、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の回転方向（矢印Ｘ，Ｙの方向）に向かって３つの三角柱型撹拌板２１と３つの平板型撹拌板２４とを交互に配置した撹拌板（計６つ）の列を１セットとする撹拌板列２７ａ，２７ｂ，２７ｃ，２７ｄを、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の軸方向（矢印Ａの方向）に配置する。こうした配置を有する横回転型円筒状分解槽１０に対して、円盤状側壁部１０ｃ側に設けた静止管３５（図２及び図５の破線参照）の方向から被処理有機廃棄物を挿入して、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０を矢印Ｙの方向に回転させると、分解処理室３の内部の微生物担持担体に対し、被処理有機廃棄物は、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の回転方向に移動して撹拌される。
【００４５】
一方、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０を、前記とは逆の矢印Ｘの方向に回転させると、撹拌板列２７ａ，２７ｂ，２７ｃ，２７ｄの三角柱型撹拌板２１と接触する微生物担持担体と被処理有機廃棄物との混合物は、矢印Ｘの方向（すなわち、回転方向）に移動すると共に、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の軸方向にも移動する。ここで、撹拌板列２７ａ，２７ｂ，２７ｃの三角柱型撹拌板２１の偏向側面２２ｂは、いずれも矢印Ａの方向へ混合物を移動させる方向に偏向しているので、撹拌板列２７ａ，２７ｂ，２７ｃの三角柱型撹拌板２１と接触する混合物は、いずれも矢印Ａの方向へ移動する。すなわち、一方の円盤状側壁部１０ｃ側からもう一方の円盤状側壁部１０ｂの方向へ移動させる。また、撹拌板列２７ｄの三角柱型撹拌板２１の偏向側面２２ｂは、いずれも矢印Ａの方向とは逆方向へ混合物を移動させる方向に偏向しているので、撹拌板列２７ａ，２７ｂ，２７ｃによって移動してきた混合物を、逆方向へ移動させる。すなわち、一方の円盤状側壁部１０ｂ側からもう一方の円盤状側壁部１０ｃの方向へ移動させる。
【００４６】
本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１においては、分解処理室３の内部に、三角柱型撹拌板２１のような軸方向移動用撹拌手段と、平板型撹拌板２４のような回転方向移動用撹拌手段とを設け、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０を両方向に回転させることにより、微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物が、回転方向だけでなく、軸方向にも移動して撹拌が行われるので、微生物担持担体と被処理有機廃棄物との撹拌を効率的に実施することができ、回転回数を削減することができる。
【００４７】
分解処理室３の内部に設ける三角柱型撹拌板２１及び平板型撹拌板２４の数は、微生物担持担体と被処理有機廃棄物との前記の撹拌を効率的に実施することができる限り、特に限定されない。また、三角柱型撹拌板２１の偏向側面２２ｂを偏向させる方向（角度）も同様に限定されない。
【００４８】
図６に、三角柱型撹拌板２１及び平板型撹拌板２４の別の配置態様を説明する分解処理室表面の展開図を示す。図６に示す配置は、被処理有機廃棄物の挿入が、円盤状側壁部１０ｂ，１０ｃ側からではなく、それら円盤状側壁部１０ｂ，１０ｃ間の中央部から行われる場合、例えば、図１に示す微生物担持担体挿入・排出部１８から行われる場合に適している。なお、図６に示すように、微生物担持担体挿入・排出部１８の蓋部１６の内側には、三角柱型撹拌板２１及び平板型撹拌板２４を設ける必要はないが、蓋部１６の内側にも、三角柱型撹拌板２１及び平板型撹拌板２４を設けることができる。
【００４９】
本発明による有機廃棄物分解装置及び有機廃棄物分解方法において微生物を担持するために使用する担体としては、当技術分野で使用される任意の公知担体を使用することができ、例えば、吸水性が高く、軽くて且つ比表面積の大きな有機物、例えば、木材のおがくずやチップ、もみ殻、そば殻等、並びに一部の岩石やセラミック等を挙げることができる。有機担体と無機担体は、被処理有機廃棄物の種類により、適宜選択して用いることが好ましい。例えば、水分含有量が高い有機廃棄物を処理する場合には、無機担体、例えば、セラミック担体の量を多くするか、あるいは無機担体、例えば、セラミック担体のみを用いることにより、水はけを向上させることができる。
【００５０】
本発明に用いることができる微生物は、廃棄物分解装置及び分解方法で用いられる通常の好気性菌である限り特に限定されるものではない。使用する微生物の種類も、被処理有機廃棄物の種類により、適宜選択して用いることができる。例えば、被処理有機廃棄物が油分を多く含み、好気性発酵によって温度が上昇する傾向がある場合には、好高温性好気性微生物、例えば、約５０℃〜約７０℃に好適生育条件を有する好高温性好気性微生物を用いることができる。一方、被処理有機廃棄物が野菜類を多く含み、好気性発酵によって温度が上昇しない傾向がある場合には、好低温性好気性微生物、又は好常温性好気性微生物（例えば、約３０℃〜約４０℃に好適生育条件を有する微生物）を用いることができる。
【００５１】
本発明において処理することのできる有機廃棄物も、通常の有機廃棄物分解装置及び分解方法によって処理される有機廃棄物である限り特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、レストランや食品加工工場、あるいは一般家庭や食品生産工場等から排出される食料品系有機廃棄物、特には、残飯又は野菜くず等の生ゴミを挙げることができる。
本発明に係る有機廃棄物処理装置及び有機廃棄物処理方法によると、前記有機廃棄物を、堆肥化することもできるが、完全に炭酸ガスと水とに分解して消滅させることもできる。従って、本発明は、堆肥化用の有機廃棄物処理装置及び有機廃棄物処理方法、並びに有機廃棄物消滅用の有機廃棄物処理装置及び有機廃棄物処理方法に関する。堆肥化用装置として利用する場合には、分解処理室内の堆肥と微生物担持担体との混合物を取り出すための排出手段を適当な位置に設け、バッチ処理又は連続処理を行うことができる。
【００５２】
本発明による有機廃棄物分解装置の円筒状分解槽内部の多孔性隔壁に用いることのできる材料は、水及び気体（例えば、空気、水蒸気、あるいは炭酸ガス）は通過可能であるが、微生物担持担体及び有機廃棄物は通過することができない多孔性物質であれば特に限定されず、例えば、当業者に公知の通水性ボード、通水性布帛やフィルタ素材を金属製メッシュ上に担持させたもの、又は目の細かい金網若しくは孔径の小さい貫通孔を有する金属板であることもできる。
【００５３】
本発明による有機廃棄物分解装置１においては、円筒状分解槽１０を、その本体に直接、又は支持手段を介して間接的に連動する動力、例えばモータを設けて、自動的に回転させることもできるし、ハンドルを設けて手動で回転させることもできる。本発明による有機廃棄物分解装置１は、分解装置であり、被処理有機廃棄物は完全に分解されて炭酸ガスと水とに分解されて排出されるので、静止状態での分解過程の進行につれて微生物担持担体と有機廃棄物との間に空隙が順次形成される。従って、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０を定期的に回転させることにより、微生物担持担体と有機廃棄物とを攪拌して、前記の空隙をなくし、微生物担持担体と有機廃棄物との接触面積が多くなるように維持することが好ましい。
【００５４】
次に、図１及び図２等に示す有機廃棄物分解装置を用いて、本発明による有機廃棄物の分解方法を実施する態様を、他の添付図面も参照しながら説明する。
まず、図１及び図２に示す横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の分解処理室３内に、図１に示す挿入・排出部１８の開口部１７から未使用の微生物担持担体（図示せず）を挿入し、蓋部１６を閉めて分解処理室３を密閉し、そして給排気管系１２による空気の循環、及び温水管１３による温水の循環、及び必要により給水管１１ａによる給水を開始する。こうして、微生物担持担体における微生物を活性化させる。
【００５５】
続いて、被処理物挿入手段３０のモータ３２を回転させて、被処理有機廃棄物（図示せず）をホッパ３１中に挿入する。有機廃棄物は、螺旋コンベヤ３３の静止管３５内を、螺旋パドル３６に押されながら移動し、分解処理室３内に挿入される。有機廃棄物の挿入操作の際に、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０を、図２及び図５の矢印Ｘの方向に回転させる。図５の矢印Ａの方向で螺旋パドル３６から送り込まれた有機廃棄物は、微生物担持担体と共に、撹拌板列２７ａ，２７ｂ，２７ｃに含まれる三角柱型撹拌板２１の偏向側面２２ｂに沿って、挿入口側の円盤状側壁部１０ｃから離れる方向（すなわち、図２及び図５の矢印Ａの方向）に移動する。
【００５６】
一方、挿入口とは反対側の円盤状側壁部１０ｂ付近に位置する微生物担持担体及び有機廃棄物（以下、処理体混合物とも称する）は、撹拌板列２７ｄに含まれる三角柱型撹拌板２１の偏向側面２２ｂに沿って、挿入口側の円盤状側壁部１０ｃへ向かう方向（すなわち、図２及び図５の矢印Ａの方向とは逆方向）に移動する。なお、３列の撹拌板列２７ａ，２７ｂ，２７ｃの内、挿入口側の円盤状側壁部１０ｃから最も離れた位置に配置する撹拌板列２７ｃに含まれる各三角柱型撹拌板２１と、挿入口とは反対側の円盤状側壁部１０ｂ側に配置する撹拌板列２７ｄに含まれる各三角柱型撹拌板２１とは、それらの偏向側面２２ｂが、図５に示すように、回転方向に変位するように配置しているので、３列の撹拌板列２７ａ，２７ｂ，２７ｃによって、挿入口側の円盤状側壁部１０ｃから離れる方向（すなわち、図２及び図５の矢印Ａの方向）に移動する処理体混合物は、挿入口とは反対側の円盤状側壁部１０ｂの付近にまで移動することができ、軸方向撹拌は、効率よく実行される。
【００５７】
軸方向撹拌が完了して、有機廃棄物が分解処理室３の内部に軸方向に均一に拡散された状態で、有機廃棄物の挿入と横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の矢印Ｘの方向への回転を停止する。続いて、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０を、矢印Ｙの方向へ逆回転させる。図７は、この状態の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の模式的断面図である。なお、図７では、微生物担持担体５１と、被処理有機廃棄物５２との処理体混合物の移送状態を説明することが目的なので、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の外側断熱材層８及び内側ドラム２、分解処理室３、給気室４及び排気室５、多孔性隔壁６，７、三角柱型撹拌板２１、及び平板型撹拌板２４のみを示す。
【００５８】
図７に示すとおり、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０を矢印Ｙの方向へ回転させると、矢印Ｙの回転方向に垂直な平面である平行側面２２ａ，２５ａにより、微生物担持担体５１と、被処理有機廃棄物５２との処理体混合物が移送され、矢印Ｙの回転方向と同じ方向に処理体混合物が移動し、攪拌される。また、三角柱型撹拌板２１及び平板型撹拌板２４は、それぞれ撹拌補助板２３，２６を有するので、多くの処理体混合物を保持して移送することができる。三角柱型撹拌板２１及び平板型撹拌板２４によって運ばれた処理体混合物は、分解処理室３の上方において三角柱型撹拌板２１及び平板型撹拌板２４から重力に従って落下し、回転分解処理室３の内部に形成される処理体混合物の斜面に沿って滑り落ちる。前記斜面の傾斜角度は、「安息角」となる。安息角とは、粒状の物質を堆積させたときに、その面が崩れずに安定する最大傾斜角であり堆積される物質の粒度、粘度、湿度等の条件によって変化するが、それらの条件を一定に保つことによって概ね予想することができる。
【００５９】
前記のように、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０を、矢印Ｙの方向へ回転させることにより、回転方向での撹拌を行い、充分に均一に撹拌が完了した後、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の矢印Ｙの方向への回転を停止する。続いて、必要により、残りの有機廃棄物の挿入操作や、軸方向撹拌を行うための矢印Ｘの方向へ回転操作、更には、回転方向撹拌を行うための矢印Ｙの方向へ回転操作を実施することができる。
【００６０】
横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の回転を停止する際には、図８に示すように、微生物担持担体５１と被処理有機廃棄物５２との処理体混合物の安息角によって規定される斜面Ｓと、多孔性隔壁６とが、ほぼ平行になる位置で停止させる。この状態では、処理体混合物５０の層厚が、多孔性隔壁６の上において、ほぼ均一になる。処理体混合物５０の層厚をほぼ均一に維持した状態で、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０を静止させ、微生物担持担体５１上の微生物により、被処理有機廃棄物５２の好気的発酵を実施する。
本発明方法においては、例えば、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の円筒状側壁部１０ａや、円盤状側壁部１０ｂ，１０ｃ上に、内部観察用の窓を設けて前記の安息角を決定するか、あるいは、簡単なパイロット試験を実施して安息角を決定することができる。
【００６１】
図８に示すように、内側ドラム２の給気室４内には、給気管１２ａと連結する給気口１２ｃから、新鮮な空気が送風される。この空気は、多孔性隔壁６を通過し、分解処理室３内の処理体混合物５０の間を通過し、多孔性隔壁７を通過して排気口１２ｄを経て、排気管１２ｂから排気される。この際、処理体混合物５０は、ほぼ均一の厚さを有するので、多孔性隔壁６上で通気抵抗がほぼ等しくなり、処理体混合物５０の全体に亘って空気が均一に通気する。
【００６２】
なお、図９に示すとおり、分解処理室３の側壁は、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の円筒状側壁部の湾曲した内壁に沿って形成されるので、多孔性隔壁が、図９の仮想線で示すような平板状の多孔性隔壁６’であると、安息角斜面Ｓ及びそれに平行な前記平板状多孔性隔壁６’の間に堆積する処理体混合物５０の断面形状は、長方形状にはならず、両端部に湾曲突出部Ｐ３及びＲ３を有する。ここで、前記平板状多孔性隔壁６’の中央部領域Ｑｗには、処理体混合物Ｑ１のみが堆積するのに対し、中央部領域Ｑｗと同一底面積を有する一方の端部領域Ｐｗには、混合物Ｐ１及びＰ３が堆積し、中央部領域Ｑｗと同一底面積を有するもう一方の端部領域Ｒｗには、処理体混合物Ｒ１及びＲ３が堆積する。ここで、処理体混合物Ｑ１と処理体混合物Ｐ１及びＲ１はそれぞれ同じ体積であるので、両端部領域Ｐｗ，Ｒｗには、処理体混合物Ｐ１，Ｒ１が余分に堆積していることになる。このような状態で給気室４から空気を矢印Ｂの方向で多孔性隔壁６’に向かって強制的に供給すると、中央部領域Ｑｗでの通気抵抗は、両端部領域Ｐｗ，Ｒｗでの通気抵抗よりも低くなるので、両端部領域Ｐｗ，Ｒｗの処理体混合物５０には充分に空気が供給されないことになる。
【００６３】
そこで、本発明では、多孔性隔壁６を湾曲させることにより、中央部領域Ｑｗでの通気抵抗と、両端部領域Ｐｗ，Ｒｗでの通気抵抗とを実質的に等しくなるように調整する。すなわち、多孔性隔壁６を湾曲させると、中央部領域Ｑｗには、体積の比較的大きい処理体混合物Ｑ２の部分が増加するのに対し、両端部領域Ｐｗ，Ｒｗでは、体積の比較的小さい処理体混合物Ｐ２，Ｒ２の部分が増加するだけであるので、中央部領域Ｑｗ上の処理体混合物Ｑ（＝Ｑ１＋Ｑ２）と、一方の端部領域Ｐｗ上の処理体混合物Ｐ（＝Ｐ１＋Ｐ２＋Ｐ３）と、もう一方の端部領域Ｒｗ上の処理体混合物Ｒ（＝Ｒ１＋Ｒ２＋Ｒ３）とは、それらの体積が実質的に同一になり、従って、通気抵抗も実質的に等しくなり、矢印Ｂから矢印Ｃへの強制通気が処理体混合物５０に関して均一になる。
なお、本明細書において、前記の多孔性隔壁が前記回転軸と「実質的に平行」に延びるとは、上記のように、通気抵抗が実質的に等しくなるような態様で湾曲している場合を含む意味である。
【００６４】
本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置においては、処理体混合物を通過した気体を、分解処理室の内部から横回転型円筒状分解槽の外部へ排出することができる限り、任意の位置に任意の排気手段を設けることができる。
例えば、前記横回転型円筒状分解槽が、その内部に１つの分解処理室と１つの給気室とを有し、排気室を設けない場合には、例えば、分解処理室の壁面に排気口を設けることができる。また、図２（並びに図７及び図８）に示す態様のように、前記横回転型円筒状分解槽１０が、その内部に１つの分解処理室３と１つの給気室４と１つの排気室５を有する場合には、例えば、排気室５の壁面に排気口を設けることができる。
【００６５】
更に、図１及び図２に示すとおり、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の外部から内部に貫通する螺旋コンベヤ３３を有する被処理物挿入手段３０を設ける場合には、被処理物挿入手段３０のホッパ３１から排気することができるので、被処理物挿入手段３０を排気手段として用いるか、あるいは排気手段の一部として用いることができる。この場合には、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０に排気室を設ける必要がない。更に、被処理物挿入手段３０を排気手段として用いる場合には、別途にその他の排気手段を設ける必要もない。
【００６６】
例えば、処理体混合物５０の量が少なく、分解処理室３の内部で螺旋コンベヤ３３の静止管３５が処理体混合物５０の表面から露出する場合には、給気室４から多孔性隔壁６を経て分解処理室３に供給される空気を、処理体混合物５０に通気した後、静止管３５の中を通過させてホッパ３１から排気することができる。一方、処理体混合物５０の量が多く、分解処理室３の内部で静止管３５が処理体混合物５０の表面下に埋没する場合には、例えば、静止管３５の分解処理室３内の領域に排気塔（図示せず）を設け、この排気塔と、静止管３５と、ホッパ３１とから排気手段を構成することができる。前記排気塔の上部に排気口を設け、この排気口を処理体混合物５０の安息角斜面Ｓの上に露出させる。また、前記排気塔は、前記静止管３５の側面から前記安息角斜面Ｓに対して垂直方向に延びるのが好ましい。前記排気塔を設けた場合には、空気は、給気室４から多孔性隔壁６を経て分解処理室３に入り、処理体混合物５０の間を通過し、排気塔の排気口を経て、静止管３５の中を通過してホッパ３１から排気される。
なお、軸シール部３４とホッパ３１との間の静止管３５の側面に排気用開口部（図示せず）を設け、その排気用開口部から排気することもできる。
【００６７】
また、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０に、図１及び図２に示すような被処理物挿入手段３０を設けず、図１に示すような微生物担持担体挿入・排出部１８を横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の円筒状側壁部１０ａに設け、その微生物担持担体挿入・排出部１８から被処理物を挿入する態様の有機廃棄物分解装置においては、横回転型円筒状分解槽の回転軸の位置に、排気パイプ（図示せず）を設けることができる。すなわち、この排気パイプは、図２に示す被処理物挿入手段３０の静止管３５と同様の位置に設け、横回転型円筒状分解槽の外部に排気することができる。また、この排気パイプの側面から、処理体混合物の安息角斜面の上に露出する方向に延び、好ましくは前記安息角斜面Ｓに対して垂直方向に延びる排気塔を設け、その排気塔の上部に設けた排気口から排気パイプを経て、横回転型円筒状分解槽の外部に排気することができる。なお、前記の排気パイプにも、前記静止管３５と同様に軸シール部を設け、前記排気パイプを密封すると共に、横回転型円筒状分解槽の回転から独立させて静止状態（非回転状態）を維持させるのが好ましい。
【００６８】
本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置においては、脱臭手段を設けることができる。脱臭手段は、前記排気手段に設けるのが好ましい。
例えば、前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０が、その内部に１つの分解処理室と１つの給気室とを有し、排気室を設けない場合には、分解処理室壁面に設けた排気口、排気管の一部、及び／又は排気管の出口に脱臭手段を設け、脱臭した空気を排出することが好ましい。また、前記の横回転型円筒状分解槽１０が、排気室を有する場合には、前記排気室壁面に設けた排気口、排気管の一部、及び／又は排気管の出口に脱臭手段を設け、脱臭した空気を排出することが好ましい。
なお、前記脱臭手段を設ける場合には、強制送風手段及び強制吸引手段を併用することが好ましい。
【００６９】
内側ドラム２の排気室５には、給水管１１ａと連絡する給水口１１ｄが設けられており、微生物の生育に最適な条件よりも湿度が不足している場合に、水分を供給することができる。給水口１１ｄから供給された水は、多孔性隔壁７を通過して、処理体混合物５０に供給される。被処理有機廃棄物に含まれる有害な過剰水分、ドレン、及び可溶性物質は、多孔性隔壁６を通過して分解処理室３から給気室４内に入り、排水口１１ｃを経て、排水管１１ｂから排水される。ここで、排水口１１ｃは、図８に示すように、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の回転を停止した静止状態において、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の重力方向の最下部に位置するように設けるのが好ましい。なお、被処理有機廃棄物の分解によって発生した水分は、主に水蒸気となり、排気手段から排出される。処理体混合物に対して給水中及び／又は給水した後には、処理体混合物を撹拌して、処理体混合物内に均一に水分を分散させることが好ましい。処理体混合物に水分を供給するには、給水口を、前記の通り排気室内に設けることが好ましいが、給気室又は分解処理室内に給水口を設けても、給水中及び／又は給水後に処理体混合物を撹拌することにより、処理体混合物全体にわたって水分を供給することができる。
【００７０】
本発明においては、被処理有機廃棄物に含まれる余分な水分を除去したり、あるいは、微生物の生育に必要な水分を供給した後で、撹拌工程を実施して、被処理有機廃棄物と微生物担持担体とを充分に混合することが好ましい。
微生物に供給する水とは別に、所望により、温度制御水、例えば、温水管１３からの温水を流して、内側ドラム２内の温度を微生物の生育に最適な温度に維持することが好ましい。
【００７１】
微生物による分解が進行すると、有機廃棄物が炭酸ガスと水とに分解されて排出されるので、微生物担持担体と有機廃棄物との間に空隙が逐次形成される。前記空隙を放置しておくと、微生物担持担体と有機廃棄物との接触面積が減少して、分解に参加する微生物数が減少し、分解速度が低下してしまう。従って、微生物担持担体と有機廃棄物との緊密な接触を維持するために、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０を定期的に回転させて攪拌することが好ましい。微生物処理の完了は、例えば、横回転型円筒状分解槽１０の円筒状側壁部１０ａや、円盤状側壁部１０ｂ，１０ｃ上に設けた内部観察用の窓から確認することができる。
【００７２】
本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１においては、多孔性隔壁６，７の目詰まりを、例えば、逆洗浄によって解消することができる。すなわち、排気管１２ｂから内側ドラム２の内部に空気を送って、給気管１２ａから空気を排出することにより、多孔性隔壁６，７の目詰まりを解消することができる。また、排水管１１ｂから水を供給して、給水管１１ａから水を排出する操作を併用するか、あるいはその操作を単独で実施して、前記目詰まりを解消することもできる。なお、微生物分解により前記目詰まりを解消することもできる。
【００７３】
本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１においては、被処理有機廃棄物挿入手段、例えば、廃棄物自動投入装置３０から前記分解処理室３内に被処理有機廃棄物を挿入する際に、横回転円筒型分解槽１０の回転軸を水平方向から垂直方向へ傾斜させ、重力を利用して被処理有機廃棄物を前記分解処理室３の内部へ進入させることができる。例えば、図１に示す本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１の全体を適当な基台（図示せず）上に設置し、その基台に連結して設けたリフト手段により、廃棄物自動投入装置３０を設けた円盤状側壁部１０ｃ側が上方（重力方向に対して）となり、反対側の円盤状側壁部１０ｂ側が下方（重力方向に対して）となるように、有機廃棄物分解装置１を矢印Ｕの方向に持ち上げ、結果として前記円筒状分解槽１０を傾斜させることができる。持ち上げる角度は、水平方向と垂直方向との間の任意の角度であることができ、挿入する被処理有機廃棄物の進入程度によって適宜選択することができる。
【００７４】
前記円筒状分解槽１０の傾斜は、被処理有機廃棄物の挿入時に限定されず、前記円筒状分解槽１０を回転させて前記分解処理室３内で被処理有機廃棄物を撹拌する段階で前記円筒状分解槽１０を傾斜させることもできる。但し、微生物発酵を実施する前に、横回転円筒型分解槽１０の回転軸を水平方向に戻し、この水平状態で横回転円筒型分解槽１０を回転させ、分解処理室３の内部の微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物の安息角斜面Ｓと、多孔性隔壁とが実質的に平行な状態で停止することができるように、撹拌工程を行うことが好ましい。
【００７５】
本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１は、家庭用の小型装置であることも、あるいは食品加工工場用の大型装置であることもできる。本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置１が、大型装置である場合は、例えば、円筒状側壁部１０ａ、又は円盤状側壁部１０ｂ，１０ｃに開口部を設け、修理工が前記分解処理室３の内部に入り、メンテナンスや修理を行うことができる。あるいは、円盤状側壁部１０ｂ，１０ｃの全体を開放可能な構造にするか、着脱自在の構造とすることもできる。
【００７６】
本発明の有機廃棄物分解装置においては、例えば、長期間の使用により、微生物担持担体に塩分又はその他の付着物が付着して微生物の活性を阻害することがある。このような場合には、例えば、給水手段から分解処理室へ洗浄水を供給して、微生物担持担体を洗浄し、塩分又はその他の付着物を溶出することができる。この場合、洗浄水を微生物担持担体に噴射すると、微生物が担体から剥離されることがあるので、微生物担持担体を洗浄水に浸漬させて溶出処理を実施することが好ましい。
また、分解処理室から排出された排水は、そのまま、あるいは物理的、化学的、及び／又は生物学的浄化処理をした後に、一部又は全部を循環させて、給水として再び分解処理室内に供給することができる。排水を循環させると、水の節約になるのみでなく、排水の水質汚染度、すなわち、ＢＯＤを低下することができるので好ましい。
【００７７】
【発明の効果】
本発明によると、円筒状分解槽の回転を停止した静止状態においても、微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物への効率的な通気を行うことができるので、円筒状分解槽の回転数を減少させることができ、従って担体の寿命が延長される。また、有害な過剰水分を除去することにより、微生物への通気が保証されるので、嫌気性発酵を防止することができる。また、円筒状分解槽の回転数が少ないので、糊化、餅化、又はガム状化の現象を抑制することができる。
また、本発明において、分解処理室内に軸方向移動用撹拌手段を設けることにより、分解処理室内での回転方向撹拌と軸方向撹拌とを効率的に実施することができるので、円筒状分解槽の回転数を更に減少させることができる。
本発明に係る有機廃棄物処理装置及び有機廃棄物処理方法は、堆肥の製造、いわゆるコンポスト化に用いることもできるが、好気性微生物にとって良好な生育条件を維持することができるので、短時間で有機廃棄物を水と炭酸ガスとに分解し、消滅させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による有機廃棄物分解装置の斜視図である。
【図２】図１の有機廃棄物分解装置に含まれる横回転型円筒状分解槽の内部構造、及び被処理有機廃棄物挿入手段の構造を示す部分断面図である。
【図３】ドラム内壁面上に配置された三角柱型撹拌板の斜視図である。
【図４】ドラム内壁面上に配置された平板型撹拌板の斜視図である。
【図５】図１及び図２に示す横回転型円筒状分解槽における三角柱型撹拌板及び平板型撹拌板の配置を模式的に示す、分解処理室表面の展開図である。
【図６】横回転型円筒状分解槽における三角柱型撹拌板及び平板型撹拌板の別の配置を模式的に示す、分解処理室表面の展開図である。
【図７】図１及び図２の横回転型円筒状分解槽における回転方向攪拌の状態を示す、横回転型円筒状分解槽の模式的な断面図である。
【図８】図１及び図２の横回転型円筒状分解槽の静止状態における微生物分解操作を示す、模式的な断面図である。
【図９】湾曲型多孔性隔壁による均質通気の原理を説明する、横回転型円筒状分解槽の模式的な断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１・・・有機廃棄物分解装置；２・・・内側ドラム；３・・・分解処理室；
４・・・給気室；５・・・排気室；６，７・・・多孔性隔壁；
６’・・・平板状の多孔性隔壁；８・・・断熱材層；１０・・・円筒状分解槽；
１０ａ・・・円筒状側壁部；１０ｂ，１０ｃ・・・円盤状側壁部；
１１・・・給排水管系；１１ａ・・・給水管；１１ｂ・・・排水管；
１１ｃ・・・排水口；１１ｄ・・・給水口；
１２・・・給排気管系；１２ａ・・・給気管；１２ｂ・・・排気管；
１２ｃ・・・給気口；１２ｄ・・・排気口；
１３・・・温水管；１３ａ・・・温水供給管；１４・・・回転ジョイント；
１５・・・総合管；１６・・・蓋部；１７・・・開口部；
１８・・・挿入・排出部；２１・・・三角柱型撹拌板；
２２・・・三角柱型撹拌主体板；２２ａ・・・平行側面；
２２ｂ・・・偏向側面；２２ｃ・・・側面；
２２ｄ・・・大略直角三角形状底面；２３・・・撹拌補助板；
２４・・・平板型撹拌板；２５・・・平板型撹拌主体板；
２５ａ・・・平行側面；２５ｂ・・・側面；２６・・・撹拌補助板；
２７ａ，２７ｂ，２７ｃ，２７ｄ・・・撹拌板列；
３０・・・被処理有機廃棄物挿入手段；３１・・・ホッパ；
３２・・・モータ；３３・・・螺旋コンベヤ；３４・・・軸シール部；
３５・・・静止管；３６・・・螺旋パドル；４０・・・回転手段；
４１ａ，４１ｂ・・・支持ローラ；４２・・・モータ；
４３ａ，４３ｂ・・・リング状ギア；
５０・・・処理体混合物；５１・・・微生物担持担体；
５２・・・被処理有機廃棄物；
Ｓ・・・安息角斜面。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an organic waste decomposition apparatus and decomposition method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Garbage such as leftover food or vegetable waste is also discharged as waste from restaurants, food processing factories, or ordinary households. As a method for treating such organic waste (particularly food-based organic waste), a method of decomposing it into microorganisms has been widely used. Microorganisms are generally supported on organic carriers such as wood sawdust, chips, rice husks or buckwheat husks, or porous inorganic carriers such as rocks or ceramics, and these microbial carriers and organic waste are mixed. To do.
[0003]
In the organic waste treatment equipment, without moving the microorganism-carrying carrier and the treatment tank containing organic waste, the type having movable stirring means inside and the treatment tank containing the microorganism-carrying carrier and organic waste are rotated. There is a type to be made. In the type of stirring by moving the internal movable stirring means without moving the treatment tank, it is necessary to use a high-strength material as the stirring means in order to sufficiently stir the contents, and higher power is required. There is a drawback of being.
[0004]
As a processing tank rotation type processing apparatus, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-317429 describes a garbage processing apparatus having a decomposition processing drum. According to this garbage disposal apparatus, a plurality of partition plates are attached to the inner wall of the decomposition treatment drum, and oxygen is supplied by stirring. Therefore, in this garbage disposal apparatus, it is necessary to carry out the microorganism treatment while continuously rotating the decomposition treatment drum. For this reason, since the microorganism-supporting carrier also wears by colliding with the screen plate due to the rotation of the decomposition treatment drum, there is a problem that the microorganism-supporting carrier is pulverized and disappears in a short time. When an organic carrier is used as the microorganism-supporting carrier, it disappears very quickly, and even inorganic carriers such as ceramics disappear relatively quickly. Further, according to the processing device that continuously rotates, particularly when processing cereal waste such as rice and wheat, a phenomenon of gelatinization, hatching, or gumming occurs, and the object to be processed becomes a lump. However, the decomposition did not proceed, and there was a problem that the object to be processed that was gelatinized adhered to the partition plate and the inner wall of the decomposition processing drum and the machine was damaged. As measures to prevent gelatinization, hatching, or gumming, a method of quickly dividing into small lumps, a method of lowering the viscosity by lowering the temperature (this method also stops the microbial decomposition reaction due to the low temperature), etc. However, it is not practical due to economic problems. Furthermore, since this garbage disposal apparatus does not include drainage means, excessive moisture may be accumulated in the decomposition treatment drum when the object to be treated contains a large amount of moisture. If excessive moisture accumulates in the drum, sufficient air will not be supplied to the microorganisms due to the moisture, causing anaerobic fermentation and not only significantly reducing the decomposition rate but also harmful / bad odors such as ammonia gas and methane gas. There was also the problem of material generation.
[0005]
As an apparatus for rotating the decomposition drum discontinuously, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-61431 discloses a garbage drum and a microorganism-carrying carrier accommodated in a porous drum, and the periphery of the drum is sealed with a cover. Describes a garbage extinguishing stirrer that intermittently rotates a drum while aerating air. According to this apparatus, after the decomposition treatment drum is rotated and stirred, the rotation of the decomposition treatment drum is stopped, and the microorganism treatment can be performed in a stationary state. However, when the decomposition drum is stationary, oxygen is supplied to the microorganism-supporting carrier located on the side wall portion of the drum, but oxygen is not sufficiently supplied to the microorganism-supporting carrier located in the center portion of the drum. It was necessary to rotate the drum frequently for air supply. As a result, the same problem as the apparatus that continuously rotates the decomposition processing drum occurs.
[0006]
As a processing apparatus having a structure in which air is sufficiently ventilated to a microorganism-supporting carrier, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-113642 describes a vertical rotation type processing apparatus in which a rotation shaft of a decomposition processing drum is arranged in a vertical direction. . However, this apparatus has a drawback that the stirring mechanism becomes complicated, so that it easily breaks down and the power required for stirring becomes high.
[0007]
Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-156320 discloses a processing apparatus having a porous laterally rotating cylindrical drum in which a rotating shaft of a decomposition processing drum is disposed in a horizontal direction. In this apparatus, air is ventilated from below to above the drum containing the microorganism-supporting carrier. However, according to this apparatus, since the microorganism-supporting carrier layer forms a circular arc-shaped layer inside the cylindrical porous drum, the difference in layer thickness becomes extremely large, and the difference in ventilation resistance also increases accordingly. . Therefore, a large amount of air passes through the region where the layer thickness is thin, but almost no air passes through the region where the layer thickness is thick, and the majority of the microorganism-supporting carriers exist in the region where the layer thickness is thick. As, there was a problem that sufficient aerobic fermentation was not performed.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in a conventional organic waste treatment apparatus (especially, a garbage treatment apparatus), if a continuous stirring method is employed in order to ensure a sufficient oxygen supply, gelatinization, hatching, or gumming will occur. When the phenomenon occurs, the microorganism carrier is destroyed early, and conversely, if the discontinuous stirring method is adopted, sufficient oxygen supply is not guaranteed, or the structure becomes complicated and failure tends to occur There was a dilemma.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an organic waste processing apparatus and a processing method that adopts a discontinuous stirring method, ensures sufficient oxygen supply, has a simple structure, and is unlikely to cause a failure.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The above problems are solved by the present invention.
(1) A cylindrical decomposition tank that can rotate around a rotation axis extending in a substantially horizontal direction;
(2) A porous partition wall that extends substantially parallel to the rotation axis inside the cylindrical decomposition tank and divides the cylindrical decomposition tank into a decomposition treatment chamber and an air supply chamber;
(3) Means for inserting a microorganism-supporting carrier into the decomposition treatment chamber;
(4) Means for inserting the organic waste to be treated into the decomposition treatment chamber;
(5) Rotate the cylindrical decomposition tankOr an angle of repose formed by the mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be processed in the decomposition chamber by the rotation of the cylindrical decomposition tank and a porous partition wall. Can be stopped and stopped at a position where the supply chamber is below the decomposition chamber and substantially parallel to each other.means;
(6) Air supply means for supplying oxygen into the air supply chamber;
(7) Exhaust means for discharging gas from the decomposition treatment chamber;
(8)The angle of repose formed by the mixture of the microorganism-carrying carrier and the organic waste to be treated in the decomposition chamber is substantially parallel to the porous partition wall, and the air supply chamber is below the decomposition chamber. Still in positionIn the decomposition chamberAnd saidForced ventilation means for ventilating the mixture with oxygen through the air supply means and / or the exhaust means;as well as
(9) Drainage means provided in the air supply chamber for discharging moisture from the decomposition treatment chamber to the outside of the cylindrical decomposition tank;
Can be solved by an organic waste decomposition apparatus.
[0010]
The present invention also provides
(1) a decomposition treatment chamber and an air supply chamber divided by a porous partition wall extending substantially parallel to a rotation axis extending in a substantially horizontal direction, including a microorganism-supporting carrier in the decomposition treatment chamber; Providing a cylindrical decomposition vessel rotatable about the rotation axis;
(2) Insert organic waste to be treated into the decomposition chamber;
(3) Mixing the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated in the decomposition treatment chamber by rotating the cylindrical decomposition vessel around the rotation shaft;
(4) The angle of repose formed in the decomposition treatment chamber by the mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated and the porous partition wall are substantially parallel, and the air supply chamber is below the decomposition treatment chamber. In position, stop the rotation of the cylindrical decomposition tank and stop it;
(5) Forced discharge of oxygen from the air supply chamber, through the porous partition wall, through the inside of the mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated, and from the exhaust means provided in the cylindrical decomposition tank Performing microbial fermentation under aerated conditions;
The present invention also relates to a method for decomposing organic waste.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the organic waste decomposition apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an internal structure of a horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 included in the organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 of FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure of organic waste insertion means 30. FIG.
[0012]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 according to the present invention includes a lateral rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10, a workpiece insertion means 30, and a rotating means for rotating the cylindrical decomposition tank 10. 40. As will be described later, a decomposition treatment chamber 3 for decomposing organic waste is disposed inside the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10.
[0013]
The horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is used so that its rotation axis is substantially horizontal, and is rotated in the direction of arrow X in FIG. 2 and in the direction of arrow Y which is the opposite direction. The rotation can be stopped, and the rotation can be stopped to be stationary. The rotation means 40 is not limited as long as it is a means that enables the rotation and the stationary, but for example, a motor 42 and support gears 41a and 41b can be cited as shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, only two support gears 41 a and 41 b that can be seen from the front side of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 are shown, but there are two similar support gears on the back side of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10. There are two. As shown in FIG. 1, when gear-type support gears 41 a and 41 b are used, ring-shaped gears 43 a and 43 b that can be fitted to the gear-type support gears 41 a and 41 b are placed on the cylindrical side wall portion 10 a of the lateral rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10. It can also be provided. Instead of the one support gear 41b and the ring-shaped gear 43b shown in FIG. 1, a support roller and a ring-shaped roller can be used. Alternatively, instead of all the support gears and ring gears, support rollers and ring rollers can be used.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 has a cylindrical shape as a means for inserting a carrier (microorganism supporting carrier) carrying microorganisms into a decomposition treatment chamber 3 provided therein. An insertion / discharge portion 18 can be provided on the cylindrical side wall portion 10 a of the shape decomposition tank 10. The insertion / discharge unit 18 can be composed of, for example, an opening 17 and an openable / closable lid 16, and not only a fresh microorganism-supporting carrier is inserted but also a microorganism-supporting carrier that has become old and needs to be replaced. Can be used for part or all of the discharge, and can also be used for the insertion and / or discharge of the organic waste to be treated. It can also be used to discharge residues that cannot be degraded by microorganisms or that have a long degradation time (for example, plant fibers such as corn peel and bamboo shoot peel). In addition to the microorganism carrier support insertion means, a microorganism carrier carrier discharge means can be provided. From the microorganism carrier carrier discharge means, the microorganism carrier carrier that has become obsolete or cannot be decomposed by microorganisms, or can be decomposed. Residues having a long time can be discharged.
[0015]
The horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 has means for inserting the organic waste to be processed into the decomposition treatment chamber 3 provided therein, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. The workpiece insertion means 30 is installed on the disk-shaped side wall 10c. The workpiece insertion means 30 includes, for example, a hopper 31, a motor 32, and a spiral conveyor 33. The spiral conveyor 33 is arranged so that the rotation axis thereof substantially coincides with the rotation axis of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10, and the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is formed at the center of the disk-shaped side wall portion 10 c. It penetrates from the outside to the inside of the decomposition treatment chamber 3 inside the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10.
[0016]
The stationary tube 35 of the spiral conveyor 33 is fixed to the disk-shaped side wall portion 10c of the lateral rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 in a state where the stationary tube 35 is sealed by the shaft seal portion 34. A spiral paddle 36 is provided in the stationary pipe 35, and the organic waste inserted from the hopper 31 can be rotated by the motor 32 in a rotation direction in which the organic waste can be sent into the decomposition treatment chamber 3. Note that it is preferable to extend the length of the spiral paddle 36 and project it from the tip of the stationary tube 35 because the rotation of the spiral paddle 36 can promote the diffusion of organic waste inside the decomposition treatment chamber 3. . Moreover, a crushing means (not shown) is provided on the upper part of the hopper 31, and a large lump contained in the organic waste to be treated can be crushed to reduce the size.
[0017]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the housing constituting the cylindrical side wall 10a and the two disk-shaped side walls 10b and 10c of the lateral rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is an outer heat insulating material layer 8. And a two-layer structure of the inner drum 2. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, etc., the outer heat insulating material layer 8 may cover the entire cylindrical side wall portion 10a of the cylindrical decomposition tank 10 and the two disk-shaped side wall portions 10b and 10c. The part can also be covered. The inner drum 2 can be made of a water impermeable and impermeable material.
[0018]
The horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 has one decomposition processing chamber 3 and at least one air supply chamber therein, and preferably one decomposition processing chamber 3, one air supply chamber, and exhaust. One chamber. FIG. 2 (and FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 to be described later) shows an aspect in which one decomposition processing chamber 3, one supply chamber 4, and one exhaust chamber 5 are provided. The capacity (volume) of the decomposition processing chamber 3 is preferably larger than the supply chamber (in the case of one) and larger than the total capacity (volume) of the supply chamber 4 and the exhaust chamber 5. Inside the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10, the decomposition processing chamber 3 and the air supply chamber 4 are separated by a porous partition wall. The decomposition chamber 3 and the exhaust chamber 5 are also separated by a porous partition wall. These porous partition walls are made of a material that transmits water and gas (for example, air, water vapor, or carbon dioxide gas) but does not transmit the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated.
[0019]
The horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 has one decomposition processing chamber and one air supply chamber in the inside thereof, and means for discharging gas from the decomposition processing chamber even when no exhaust chamber is provided. For example, an exhaust port can be provided on the wall surface of the decomposition chamber. It is preferable to cover the exhaust port with a filter, a metal mesh, or the like so that the microorganism-carrying carrier and the organic waste to be treated are not discharged from the exhaust port. In addition, a water supply port is provided on the wall surface of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank without an exhaust chamber, that is, the wall surface of the decomposition treatment chamber and / or the wall surface of the air supply chamber, and the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be processed in the decomposition treatment chamber It is also possible to supply moisture to things.
[0020]
In the accompanying drawings of the present specification, a typical embodiment of the present invention having one decomposition processing chamber 3, one supply chamber 4 and one exhaust chamber 5 in the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is shown. Show. For example, as shown in FIG. 2 and the like, inside the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10, the central decomposition treatment chamber 3 and the air supply chamber 4 are separated by a porous partition wall 6, and the other porous partition wall is separated. 7 separates the central decomposition chamber 3 from the exhaust chamber 5. Each of the two porous partition walls 6 and 7 extends substantially in parallel with the rotational axis of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition vessel 10 and the two porous partition walls 6 and 7 are substantially mutually connected. Is provided in parallel. Further, the two porous partition walls 6 and 7 reach the disk-shaped side wall portions 10 b and 10 c at both ends of the cylindrical decomposition tank 10, respectively.
[0021]
Each of the porous partition walls 6 and 7 may have a flat plate shape that is not curved, but at least the porous partition wall 6 that separates the decomposition treatment chamber 3 and the air supply chamber 4 is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. As described above, it is preferable that the central portion is slightly curved and slightly protrudes in the direction of the cylindrical side wall portion 10a. As will be described later, ventilation to the decomposition treatment chamber 3 is performed from the air supply chamber 4 through the porous partition wall 6 to the mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated inside the decomposition treatment chamber 3. . As shown in FIG. 9, which will be described later, if the porous partition wall 6 is a flat plate that is not curved, the amount of the mixture in the vicinity of the joint between the porous partition wall 6 and the cylindrical side wall portion 10a increases. Therefore, although a slight difference occurs in the ventilation resistance, the difference in the ventilation resistance can be corrected by bending the porous partition wall 6. Further, by using the curved porous partition wall 6, the internal storage space of the decomposition processing chamber 3 can be widened, and the supply area of oxygen (for example, air) can be widened.
[0022]
The horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 has an air supply means for supplying oxygen (for example, air) to the air supply chamber 4 and an exhaust means for discharging gas from the exhaust chamber 5. And a forced ventilation means for forcibly performing air supply to the air supply means and / or exhaust from the exhaust means. That is, the forced ventilation means can be a forced air blowing means (for example, a blower) arranged on the air supply means side, a forced suction means (for example, an intake machine) arranged on the exhaust means side, These forced air blowing means and forced suction means can be used in combination. The use of forced suction means is preferable in that uniform forced ventilation can be carried out with respect to the mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated inside the decomposition treatment chamber 3, and the forced blowing means is used. And it is preferable in that the cost can be kept low.
[0023]
The air supply means and the exhaust means can be provided at any position of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 as long as they are connected to the air supply chamber 4 and the exhaust chamber 5, respectively. As shown in FIG. 2, the air supply / exhaust pipe system 12 including the air supply pipe 12 a and the exhaust pipe 12 b can be provided on the disk-shaped side wall portion 10 b.
[0024]
In the organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 of the present invention, it is preferable to provide a drainage means for removing excess water contained in the organic waste to be processed inserted into the decomposition treatment chamber 3. Food-based organic waste such as soups, noodle soup, miso soup, or curry is mostly water, or even solid food-based organic waste such as leftovers and fruits may contain a large amount of water. is there. As described above, when processing organic waste containing a large amount of water or organic waste containing a large amount of water, anaerobic fermentation as described above may occur. It is preferable to remove harmful excess moisture. The water generated by the microbial treatment of the organic waste mainly becomes water vapor and can be discharged from the exhaust means together with the carbon dioxide gas similarly generated by the microbial treatment. On the other hand, water supply means for replenishing moisture can be provided inside the decomposition treatment chamber 3. With this water supply means, in particular, it is possible to supply water to the microorganisms on the microorganism-supporting carrier, or to supply water to the organic waste to be treated having a low water content.
[0025]
The drainage means and the water supply means can be connected to either the air supply chamber 4 or the exhaust chamber 5, respectively. However, the drainage means is preferably connected to the air supply chamber 4, and the water supply means is preferably connected to the exhaust chamber 5. As will be described later, when the organic waste to be treated is microbially treated, the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is set in a stationary state, and at that time, the supply chamber 4 is set in the decomposition treatment chamber 3. Since the exhaust chamber 5 is placed below and placed in the stationary state with the exhaust chamber 5 above the decomposition treatment chamber 3, the drainage means is disposed below the decomposition treatment chamber 3 like the air supply chamber 4, and the water supply means is the same as the exhaust chamber 5. This is because it is preferably disposed above the decomposition processing chamber 3. As long as the water supply means and the drainage means are connected to the exhaust chamber 5 and the air supply chamber 4, for example, the water supply means and the drainage means can be provided at any position of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10, for example, FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, a water supply / drainage pipe system 11 including a water supply pipe 11a and a drainage pipe 11b can be provided on the disk-shaped side wall 10b.
[0026]
In the organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 of the present invention, the outer surface of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 can be exposed to the air. Alternatively, in order to maintain the temperature in the cylindrical decomposition tank 10 at a temperature suitable for the growth of microorganisms, the outside of the cylindrical decomposition tank 10 can be covered with a heat insulating material tank, and further shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Thus, a temperature adjusting means, for example, a cold water pipe or preferably a hot water pipe 13 can be arranged, and the entire cylindrical decomposition tank 10 and the hot water pipe 13 can be covered with the heat insulating material layer 8. In addition, the entire organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 of the present invention or a part thereof (at least the entire horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10) is installed in a temperature-controlled room that can be sealed and temperature controlled, and is rotated horizontally. The outer surface of the cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is exposed to the air in the temperature-controlled room, and the temperature in the temperature-controlled room can be maintained at a temperature suitable for the growth of microorganisms by controlling the temperature of the temperature-controlled room. .
[0027]
As the temperature adjusting means, any means (for example, an electric heater) that can be controlled to be cooled or preferably heated can be used. As shown in FIG. 2, the hot water pipe 13 is supplied from a hot water supply pipe 13a provided on the disk-shaped side wall 10b, and the outer surface of the cylindrical side wall 10a of the cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is spirally formed, for example. Can be wound. Alternatively, the microorganism-supporting carrier can be directly heated by passing a hot water pipe through the cylindrical decomposition tank 10.
[0028]
In the organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 of the present invention, the temperature inside the decomposition treatment chamber 3 can be controlled using oxygen (for example, air) supplied from the air supply means. For example, temperature-controlled air (for example, cold air or preferably hot air) is supplied from the air supply means to the air supply chamber, and the temperature-controlled air is sent to the decomposition treatment chamber 3 through the porous partition wall, The temperature inside the decomposition treatment chamber 3 can be maintained at a temperature suitable for the growth of microorganisms. Furthermore, in the organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 of the present invention, the temperature inside the decomposition treatment chamber 3 is controlled using water (for example, cold water or preferably hot water) supplied from the water supply means, and the decomposition treatment chamber 3 The internal temperature can also be maintained at a temperature suitable for the growth of microorganisms.
It is preferable to install sensors such as temperature, humidity, and / or oxygen concentration inside the decomposition treatment chamber 3 because the amount of drainage, the amount of water supplied, the amount of ventilation, the temperature, and the humidity can be automatically controlled.
[0029]
In addition, since decomposition | disassembly of the organic waste by microorganisms is an exothermic reaction, the temperature in a decomposition processing chamber rises as decomposition | disassembly progresses. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a temperature control means for increasing the temperature of the decomposition chamber, but when the decomposition process is started for the first time, or when the decomposition amount of microorganisms decreases due to the decrease in the object to be processed, Even when the calorific value is lowered, the temperature in the decomposition treatment chamber can be raised to maintain the optimum temperature for growth of microorganisms. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a temperature adjusting means capable of heating. On the other hand, when an excessive amount of heat is generated due to decomposition of organic waste by microorganisms and the optimum temperature for growth of microorganisms is exceeded, the temperature of the temperature control medium (for example, water or air) of the temperature control means is increased. Since the temperature in the decomposition treatment chamber can be lowered to the optimum temperature for growth of microorganisms by maintaining the optimum temperature or lower than the optimum temperature for growth, temperature control means of a type using a temperature control medium It is preferable that
[0030]
In the disk-shaped side wall portion 10b of the cylindrical decomposition tank 10, there is a rotary joint 14 and a general unit that collectively collect the pipelines of the air supply / exhaust pipe system 11, the water supply / drainage pipe system 12, and the hot water supply pipe 13a. A tube 15 is preferably provided. A forced ventilation means (not shown) communicating with the supply / exhaust pipe system 11 can be provided at the tip of the general pipe 15.
[0031]
In the organic waste decomposing apparatus 1 according to the present invention, the microbial treatment is carried out in a stationary state in which the rotation is stopped, as will be described later, with respect to the mixture of the microbial carrier and the organic waste to be processed in the decomposition treatment chamber 3. To do. In this case, the positional relationship between the decomposition chamber 3 and the supply chamber 4 and the exhaust chamber 5 is not particularly limited, but the supply chamber 4 is positioned below the decomposition chamber 3 and the exhaust chamber 5 is disposed in the decomposition chamber 3. It is preferable to perform the forced ventilation from the lower side to the upper side of the decomposition processing chamber 3 located above. In this case, it is preferable to connect the water supply pipe 11 a to the exhaust chamber 5 located above the decomposition treatment chamber 3 and connect the drain pipe 11 b to the air supply chamber 4 located below the decomposition treatment chamber 3. .
[0032]
In the organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 of the present invention, the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is not determined from the beginning while the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is rotating, and the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is determined. The room located below the decomposition chamber 3 is used as the air supply chamber 4 and the room located above the decomposition chamber 3 is used as the exhaust chamber 5 when the rotation of the chamber is stopped. it can. In this case, it is preferable that the supply / exhaust pipe system 11 and the supply / drainage pipe system 12 connected to the two supply / exhaust chambers are appropriately switched.
[0033]
Since the organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 according to the present invention is provided with the porous partition walls 6 and 7 on a part of the inner surface of the cylindrical decomposition tank 10, the cross-sectional shape of the decomposition treatment chamber 3 is a straight line or a part of a perfect circle. It becomes a flat shape cut out by a curve. That is, since the porous partition walls 6 and 7 have a structure protruding from the inner wall surface of the cylindrical body having a perfect circular cross section, when the microorganism supporting carrier and the organic waste are accommodated and rotated, they are efficiently stirred. Therefore, although it is not necessary to provide a normal stirring blade on the inner surface of the cylindrical decomposition vessel 10, it is preferable to improve the stirring efficiency by providing a normal stirring blade.
[0034]
In the organic waste decomposing apparatus 1 according to the present invention, the inventor of the present invention, when the cylindrical decomposition tank 10 rotates around the rotation axis inside the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10, It has been found that the stirring efficiency can be further improved by arranging an axially moving stirring means for moving the organic waste to be treated in the direction in which the rotation axis extends. Further, in the organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 of the present invention, when the cylindrical decomposition tank 10 rotates around the rotation axis inside the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10, the microorganism carrier and the object to be treated It is preferable to arrange a stirring means for moving the organic waste in the rotating direction.
[0035]
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a triangular prism type stirring plate 21 which is an embodiment of the stirring means for moving in the axial direction, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a flat plate stirring plate 24 which is an embodiment of the stirring means for moving in the rotational direction. FIG.
The triangular column type stirring plate 21 includes a triangular column type stirring main plate 22, and may include an auxiliary stirring plate 23 provided on the upper surface in some cases. The triangular column type agitating plate 21 has a substantially right triangular triangular bottom surface 22d of the triangular column type stirring main plate 22 and the inner wall surface of the inner drum 2 of the decomposition processing chamber 3 and / or the decomposition chamber of the porous partition walls 6 and 7. It can be fixedly provided on the side wall surface. Of the three side surfaces 22a, 22b, and 22c of the triangular column type stirring main plate 22, one of the two side surfaces 22a and 22c that intersects at substantially right angles is substantially the same as the rotational axis of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition vessel 10. The other side surface 22c extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis (hereinafter, the side surface 22a may be referred to as a parallel side surface 22a). Further, the third side surface 22b is deflected from the direction in which the rotating shaft extends (hereinafter, the side surface 22b may be referred to as a deflection side surface 22b).
[0036]
When the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 having the triangular column type stirring plate 21 rotates in the direction of arrow Y shown in FIG. 3, the mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated in contact with the parallel side surface 22a is , Move in the direction of arrow Y (that is, the rotation direction). On the other hand, when the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 having the triangular column type stirring plate 21 is rotated in the direction of the arrow X shown in FIG. 3, the mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated in contact with the deflection side surface 22b. Moves in the direction of the arrow X (that is, the rotational direction) and also moves in the direction of the arrow A shown in FIG. 3 (that is, the axial direction of the laterally rotating cylindrical decomposition tank 10).
[0037]
The agitation auxiliary plate 23 is installed substantially in parallel with the inner wall surface of the inner drum 2 of the decomposition treatment chamber 3 and / or the decomposition treatment chamber side wall surface of the porous partition walls 6 and 7 (therefore, the parallel side surfaces described above). 22a or the deflection side surface 22b). Further, in order to assist the stirring in the rotation direction, it is preferable to install the stirring assisting plate 23 protruding above the parallel side surface 22a. Furthermore, in order to assist the stirring in the axial direction, a stirring assisting plate 23 ′ (shown by an imaginary line) protruding from the upper part of the deflection side surface 22 b can be installed.
[0038]
As the axial movement stirring means, a triangular prism stirring plate having a shape in which the bottom surface is changed from a right triangle to an isosceles triangle in the triangular prism stirring plate 21 shown in FIG. 3 may be used. When such an isosceles triangular stirring plate is used, the two side surfaces can be deflected with respect to the direction in which the rotation axis extends, and the rotation can be performed regardless of the rotation direction of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition vessel 10. Directional stirring and axial stirring can be carried out.
[0039]
The flat stirring plate 24 includes a flat stirring main plate 25 and may include an auxiliary stirring plate 26 provided on the upper surface in some cases. The flat stirring main plate 25 is fixed to the inner wall surface of the inner drum 2 of the decomposition processing chamber 3 and / or the side wall surface of the decomposition chamber of the porous partition walls 6 and 7 at one substantially rectangular bottom surface. Can be provided. Of the two pairs of side surfaces parallel to each other of the flat plate-type stirring main plate 25, the two side surfaces 25a having a large area are substantially parallel to the rotating shaft, and the two side surfaces 25b having a small area are substantially parallel to the rotating shaft. It extends in the vertical direction. When the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition vessel 10 having the flat plate type stirring main plate 25 rotates in the direction of the arrow X shown in FIG. 4, the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated which are in contact with the side surface (parallel side surface) 25a. When the mixture moves in the direction of the arrow X (ie, the rotation direction) and rotates in the direction of the arrow Y, the mixture moves in the direction of the arrow Y (ie, the rotation direction).
[0040]
The stirring auxiliary plate 26 is installed substantially in parallel with the inner wall surface of the inner drum 2 of the decomposition processing chamber 3 and / or the decomposition processing chamber side wall surface of the porous partition walls 6 and 7 (therefore, the parallel side surfaces described above). 25a is preferably installed vertically). In order to assist the stirring in the rotational direction by the triangular column type stirring plate 21, the triangular column type stirring plate 21 protrudes in the same direction as the stirring auxiliary plate 23 provided on the triangular column type stirring plate 21 and protrudes above one side surface (parallel side surface) 25a. It is preferable to install. Furthermore, an auxiliary stirring plate 26 ′ (shown in phantom) may be provided so as to protrude above the other side surface (parallel side surface) 25 a which is the back surface of the side surface (parallel side surface) 25 a.
[0041]
In addition, by arranging the parallel side surface 25a of the flat plate stirring plate 24 so as to be deflected with respect to the direction in which the rotating shaft of the cylindrical decomposition tank 10 extends, the flat plate stirring plate 24 is used for the axial movement. It can also be used as a stirring means. Further, such a flat stirring plate is disposed as a continuous strip in the axial direction on the inner wall surface of the inner drum 2 of the decomposition treatment chamber 3 and / or the decomposition treatment chamber side wall surface of the porous partition walls 6 and 7. You can also Further, for example, a continuous belt-like body bent in a spiral shape can be provided, such as a partition plate described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-317429.
In the present invention, one of these plural kinds of axial movement stirring means or a combination thereof can be appropriately selected and further used in combination with the flat plate stirring plate 24 described above.
[0042]
On the inner wall of the decomposition chamber 3 of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of the triangular column type stirring plates 21 and the flat plate type stirring plates 24 are installed. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view in which the inner surface of the cylindrical side wall portion 10a is developed in order to explain the installation state of the triangular column type stirring plate 21 and the flat plate type stirring plate 24. FIG. Since it is a development view of the inner surface of the cylindrical solid body, the upper end and the lower end in FIG. 5 mean the same part of the continuous curved surface, and the right end and the left end are in contact with the disk-shaped side wall portions 10b and 10c, respectively. The rotation of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 corresponds to the movement in the vertical direction (directions of arrows X and Y) in FIG.
[0043]
In the triangular column type stirring plate 21, the parallel side surface 22a is arranged perpendicular to the rotation direction (directions of arrows X and Y), and the deflection side surface 22b is deflected to the rotation direction (directions of arrows X and Y). Are arranged. The flat stirring plate 24 is arranged so that any one of the two side surfaces (parallel side surfaces) 25a is perpendicular to the rotation direction (directions of arrows X and Y). The auxiliary stirring plates 23 and 26 on the triangular column type stirring plate 21 and the flat plate type stirring plate 24 are respectively provided in the direction of assisting the stirring in the direction of the arrow Y.
[0044]
In the embodiment of FIG. 5, stirring is performed by alternately arranging three triangular column type stirring plates 21 and three flat plate type stirring plates 24 in the rotation direction (directions of arrows X and Y) of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10. Stirring plate rows 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d, each having a row of plates (total of 6), are arranged in the axial direction (direction of arrow A) of the laterally rotating cylindrical decomposition tank 10. The organic waste to be treated is inserted into the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 having such an arrangement from the direction of the stationary pipe 35 (see the broken line in FIGS. 2 and 5) provided on the disk-shaped side wall 10c side. When the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is rotated in the direction of arrow Y, the organic waste to be treated is rotated in the rotation direction of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 with respect to the microorganism-supporting carrier in the decomposition processing chamber 3. And stirred.
[0045]
On the other hand, when the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is rotated in the direction of the arrow X opposite to the above, the microorganism-carrying carrier and the covered carrier that come into contact with the triangular column type stirring plate 21 of the stirring plate rows 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d. The mixture with the treated organic waste moves in the direction of the arrow X (that is, the rotation direction) and also moves in the axial direction of the lateral rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10. Here, since the deflection side surfaces 22b of the triangular prism type stirring plates 21 of the stirring plate rows 27a, 27b, 27c are all deflected in the direction of moving the mixture in the direction of the arrow A, the stirring plate rows 27a, 27b, 27c. Any of the mixtures in contact with the triangular column type stirring plate 21 moves in the direction of arrow A. That is, it is moved from the one disk-shaped side wall 10c side to the other disk-shaped side wall 10b. Further, since the deflection side surface 22b of the triangular prism type stirring plate 21 of the stirring plate row 27d is deflected in the direction in which the mixture is moved in the direction opposite to the direction of the arrow A, the stirring plate rows 27a, 27b and 27c are used. The mixture that has moved is moved in the opposite direction. That is, it is moved from the one disk-shaped side wall 10b side to the other disk-shaped side wall 10c.
[0046]
In the organic waste decomposing apparatus 1 of the present invention, in the decomposition processing chamber 3, an axial movement stirring means such as a triangular prism type stirring plate 21 and a rotational direction moving stirring means such as a flat plate stirring plate 24 are provided. And the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is rotated in both directions, so that the mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated moves not only in the rotation direction but also in the axial direction and is stirred. Therefore, the agitation between the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated can be efficiently performed, and the number of rotations can be reduced.
[0047]
The number of triangular column type stirring plates 21 and flat plate type stirring plates 24 provided in the decomposition treatment chamber 3 is particularly limited as long as the above-described stirring of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated can be efficiently performed. Not. Further, the direction (angle) for deflecting the deflection side surface 22b of the triangular prism type stirring plate 21 is not limited in the same manner.
[0048]
FIG. 6 is a development view of the surface of the decomposition chamber for explaining another arrangement mode of the triangular column type stirring plate 21 and the flat plate type stirring plate 24. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 6, when the organic waste to be treated is inserted not from the disk-shaped side wall portions 10b and 10c, but from the central portion between the disk-shaped side wall portions 10b and 10c, for example, FIG. It is suitable for the case where it is carried out from the microorganism-supporting carrier insertion / discharge section 18 shown. As shown in FIG. 6, it is not necessary to provide the triangular column type stirring plate 21 and the flat plate type stirring plate 24 inside the lid portion 16 of the microorganism carrier loading / unloading portion 18, but inside the lid portion 16. Alternatively, a triangular column type stirring plate 21 and a flat plate type stirring plate 24 can be provided.
[0049]
As the carrier used for supporting the microorganisms in the organic waste decomposition apparatus and the organic waste decomposition method according to the present invention, any known carrier used in the art can be used. Examples of the organic material are high, light and large in specific surface area, such as sawdust and chips of wood, rice husk, buckwheat husk, and some rocks and ceramics. The organic carrier and the inorganic carrier are preferably selected and used depending on the type of organic waste to be treated. For example, when treating organic waste with a high water content, drainage can be improved by increasing the amount of inorganic carrier, for example ceramic carrier, or by using only inorganic carrier, for example ceramic carrier. Can do.
[0050]
The microorganism that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a normal aerobic bacterium used in the waste decomposition apparatus and the decomposition method. The type of microorganism to be used can also be appropriately selected depending on the type of organic waste to be treated. For example, when the organic waste to be treated contains a large amount of oil and the temperature tends to rise due to aerobic fermentation, it has suitable growth conditions at a thermophilic aerobic microorganism, for example, about 50 ° C. to about 70 ° C. Thermophilic aerobic microorganisms can be used. On the other hand, when the organic waste to be treated contains a lot of vegetables and the temperature does not rise due to aerobic fermentation, a low temperature aerobic microorganism or a room temperature aerobic microorganism (for example, about 30 ° C. to about 30 ° C. Microorganisms having suitable growth conditions at about 40 ° C. can be used.
[0051]
The organic waste that can be treated in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic waste treated by a normal organic waste decomposing apparatus and a decomposing method. For example, a restaurant or a food processing factory, Or the organic waste of foodstuffs discharged | emitted from a general household, a food production factory, etc., especially raw garbage, such as a leftover rice or vegetable waste, can be mentioned.
According to the organic waste treatment apparatus and the organic waste treatment method according to the present invention, the organic waste can be composted, but can be completely decomposed into carbon dioxide gas and water and eliminated. Accordingly, the present invention relates to an organic waste processing apparatus and an organic waste processing method for composting, and an organic waste processing apparatus and an organic waste processing method for extinguishing organic waste. When used as an apparatus for composting, a discharge means for taking out a mixture of compost and a microorganism-supporting carrier in a decomposition treatment chamber is provided at an appropriate position, and batch processing or continuous processing can be performed.
[0052]
The material that can be used for the porous partition wall inside the cylindrical decomposition tank of the organic waste decomposition apparatus according to the present invention is capable of passing water and gas (for example, air, water vapor, or carbon dioxide gas), but is a microorganism-supporting carrier. The organic waste is not particularly limited as long as it is a porous material that cannot pass through, for example, a water-permeable board known to those skilled in the art, a water-permeable cloth or a filter material supported on a metal mesh, or It can also be a fine metal mesh or a metal plate having a through hole with a small hole diameter.
[0053]
In the organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 according to the present invention, the cylindrical decomposition tank 10 may be automatically rotated by providing a power, for example, a motor, which is linked directly to the main body or indirectly via a supporting means. It can also be rotated manually by providing a handle. The organic waste decomposing apparatus 1 according to the present invention is a decomposing apparatus, and the organic waste to be treated is completely decomposed and decomposed into carbon dioxide gas and water and discharged. Therefore, as the decomposition process proceeds in a stationary state, Gaps are sequentially formed between the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste. Therefore, by periodically rotating the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10, the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste are agitated to eliminate the gap, and the contact area between the microorganism-supporting support and the organic waste is increased. It is preferable to keep it large.
[0054]
Next, a mode for carrying out the organic waste decomposition method according to the present invention using the organic waste decomposition apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described with reference to other accompanying drawings.
First, in the decomposition treatment chamber 3 of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, an unused microorganism carrier (not shown) from the opening 17 of the insertion / discharge unit 18 shown in FIG. Then, the lid 16 is closed to seal the decomposition processing chamber 3, and the circulation of air by the air supply / exhaust pipe system 12, the circulation of hot water by the hot water pipe 13, and water supply by the water supply pipe 11a as needed are started. Thus, the microorganisms in the microorganism-supporting carrier are activated.
[0055]
Subsequently, the motor 32 of the workpiece insertion means 30 is rotated to insert the workpiece organic waste (not shown) into the hopper 31. The organic waste moves in the stationary pipe 35 of the spiral conveyor 33 while being pushed by the spiral paddle 36 and is inserted into the decomposition processing chamber 3. During the operation of inserting the organic waste, the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is rotated in the direction of the arrow X in FIGS. The organic waste fed from the spiral paddle 36 in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 5 is inserted along the deflection side surface 22b of the triangular column type stirring plate 21 included in the stirring plate rows 27a, 27b, and 27c together with the microorganism carrier. It moves in the direction away from the disc-shaped side wall 10c on the mouth side (that is, the direction of arrow A in FIGS. 2 and 5).
[0056]
On the other hand, the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste (hereinafter, also referred to as a treatment body mixture) located in the vicinity of the disc-shaped side wall portion 10b on the side opposite to the insertion port are deflected by the triangular column type stirring plate 21 included in the stirring plate row 27d. It moves along the side surface 22b in the direction toward the disc-shaped side wall 10c on the insertion port side (that is, the direction opposite to the direction of the arrow A in FIGS. 2 and 5). Of the three rows of stirring plate rows 27a, 27b, 27c, each triangular prism type stirring plate 21 included in the stirring plate row 27c disposed at the position farthest from the disk-shaped side wall portion 10c on the insertion port side, and the insertion port As shown in FIG. 5, the deflection side surfaces 22b of the triangular prism type stirring plates 21 included in the stirring plate row 27d arranged on the side of the disc-shaped side wall 10b opposite to the above are displaced in the rotational direction. Therefore, the process moves in the direction away from the disk-shaped side wall portion 10c on the insertion port side (that is, the direction of arrow A in FIGS. 2 and 5) by the three rows of stirring plate rows 27a, 27b, and 27c. The body mixture can move to the vicinity of the disc-shaped side wall portion 10b opposite to the insertion port, and the axial stirring is performed efficiently.
[0057]
In the state where the axial stirring is completed and the organic waste is uniformly diffused in the decomposition chamber 3 in the axial direction, insertion of the organic waste and the direction of the arrow X of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 are performed. Stop rotating. Subsequently, the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is rotated in the reverse direction in the direction of arrow Y. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 in this state. In addition, in FIG. 7, since it is the purpose of explaining the transfer state of the processing body mixture of the microorganisms carrying | support carrier 51 and the to-be-processed organic waste 52, the outer side heat insulating material layer 8 and inner side of the horizontal rotation type | mold cylindrical decomposition tank 10 are shown. Only the drum 2, the decomposition treatment chamber 3, the air supply chamber 4 and the exhaust chamber 5, the porous partition walls 6 and 7, the triangular prism type stirring plate 21, and the flat plate type stirring plate 24 are shown.
[0058]
As shown in FIG. 7, when the horizontally rotating cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is rotated in the direction of the arrow Y, the microorganism-supporting carrier 51 and the object to be treated are parallelized by the parallel side surfaces 22a and 25a which are planes perpendicular to the rotation direction of the arrow Y. The treated body mixture with the organic waste 52 is transferred, and the treated body mixture moves in the same direction as the rotation direction of the arrow Y and is stirred. Further, since the triangular column type stirring plate 21 and the flat plate type stirring plate 24 have the stirring auxiliary plates 23 and 26, respectively, a large amount of the treatment body mixture can be held and transferred. The processing body mixture carried by the triangular column type stirring plate 21 and the flat plate type stirring plate 24 falls according to the gravity from the triangular column type stirring plate 21 and the flat plate type stirring plate 24 above the decomposition processing chamber 3, and in the rotary decomposition processing chamber 3. It slides down along the slope of the treatment mixture formed inside. The inclination angle of the slope is a “rest angle”. The angle of repose is the maximum tilt angle that stabilizes the surface of a granular material when it is deposited, and changes depending on the particle size, viscosity, humidity, etc. of the deposited material. It can be roughly predicted by keeping it constant.
[0059]
As described above, the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition vessel 10 is rotated in the direction of the arrow Y to perform stirring in the rotation direction, and after the stirring is sufficiently uniformly completed, the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition vessel is 10 stops the rotation in the direction of arrow Y. Subsequently, if necessary, the remaining organic waste is inserted, rotated in the direction of arrow X for axial stirring, and further rotated in the direction of arrow Y for rotating stirring. can do.
[0060]
When the rotation of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is stopped, as shown in FIG. 8, the slope S defined by the angle of repose of the treatment mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier 51 and the organic waste 52 to be treated, The porous partition wall 6 is stopped at a position where it is substantially parallel. In this state, the layer thickness of the treatment body mixture 50 is substantially uniform on the porous partition wall 6. With the layer thickness of the treatment mixture 50 maintained substantially uniform, the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is stopped, and the aerobic fermentation of the organic waste 52 to be treated is performed by the microorganisms on the microorganism-supporting carrier 51. To do.
In the method of the present invention, for example, whether the angle of repose is determined by providing an internal observation window on the cylindrical side wall portion 10a of the lateral rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 or the disk-shaped side wall portions 10b and 10c. Alternatively, a simple pilot test can be performed to determine the angle of repose.
[0061]
As shown in FIG. 8, fresh air is blown into the air supply chamber 4 of the inner drum 2 from the air supply port 12c connected to the air supply pipe 12a. The air passes through the porous partition wall 6, passes between the treatment mixture 50 in the decomposition treatment chamber 3, passes through the porous partition wall 7, and is exhausted from the exhaust pipe 12 b through the exhaust port 12 d. At this time, since the treatment mixture 50 has a substantially uniform thickness, the ventilation resistance is substantially equal on the porous partition wall 6, and air is uniformly aerated throughout the treatment mixture 50.
[0062]
As shown in FIG. 9, the side wall of the decomposition chamber 3 is formed along the curved inner wall of the cylindrical side wall portion of the lateral rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10, so that the porous partition wall is the virtual wall of FIG. 9. When the flat porous partition wall 6 ′ as shown by the line is used, the cross-sectional shape of the treatment mixture 50 deposited between the repose angle slope S and the flat porous partition wall 6 ′ parallel to the angle of repose S is rectangular. In other words, curved protrusions P3 and R3 are provided at both ends. Here, only the processing body mixture Q1 is deposited in the central region Qw of the flat porous partition wall 6 ′, whereas in one end region Pw having the same bottom area as the central region Qw, The mixture P1 and P3 are deposited, and the treatment body mixture R1 and R3 is deposited on the other end region Rw having the same bottom area as the central region Qw. Here, since the processing body mixture Q1 and the processing body mixtures P1 and R1 have the same volume, the processing body mixtures P1 and R1 are excessively deposited in both end regions Pw and Rw. In this state, when air is forcibly supplied from the air supply chamber 4 toward the porous partition wall 6 ′ in the direction of the arrow B, the ventilation resistance in the central region Qw is the ventilation in the end regions Pw and Rw. Since it becomes lower than the resistance, air is not sufficiently supplied to the treatment body mixture 50 in the both end regions Pw and Rw.
[0063]
Therefore, in the present invention, the porous partition wall 6 is curved so that the ventilation resistance in the central region Qw and the ventilation resistance in both end regions Pw and Rw are adjusted to be substantially equal. That is, when the porous partition wall 6 is curved, a portion of the treatment mixture Q2 having a relatively large volume increases in the central region Qw, whereas a treatment with a relatively small volume is performed in both end regions Pw and Rw. Since only the portion of the body mixture P2, R2 is increased, the treatment body mixture Q (= Q1 + Q2) on the central region Qw, the treatment body mixture P (= P1 + P2 + P3) on one end region Pw, and the other The treatment mixture R (= R1 + R2 + R3) on one end region Rw has substantially the same volume, and therefore the ventilation resistance is also substantially equal, and forced ventilation from the arrow B to the arrow C is performed. Becomes uniform with respect to the workpiece mixture 50.
In the present specification, the above-mentioned porous partition wall extends “substantially parallel” to the rotation axis when, as described above, the air flow resistance is curved in a substantially equal manner. It means to include.
[0064]
In the organic waste decomposing apparatus of the present invention, any exhaust gas at any position can be used as long as the gas that has passed through the treatment body mixture can be discharged from the inside of the decomposition treatment chamber to the outside of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank. Means can be provided.
For example, in the case where the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank has one decomposition processing chamber and one air supply chamber therein and no exhaust chamber is provided, for example, an exhaust port is provided on the wall of the decomposition processing chamber. Can be provided. Further, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 (and FIGS. 7 and 8), the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 includes one decomposition treatment chamber 3, one supply chamber 4, and one exhaust. When the chamber 5 is provided, for example, an exhaust port can be provided on the wall surface of the exhaust chamber 5.
[0065]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when the workpiece insertion means 30 having a spiral conveyor 33 penetrating from the outside to the inside of the lateral rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is provided, Since the hopper 31 can be evacuated, the workpiece insertion means 30 can be used as the evacuation means or as a part of the evacuation means. In this case, it is not necessary to provide an exhaust chamber in the lateral rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10. Furthermore, when the workpiece insertion means 30 is used as an exhaust means, it is not necessary to provide other exhaust means separately.
[0066]
For example, when the amount of the treatment body mixture 50 is small and the stationary pipe 35 of the spiral conveyor 33 is exposed from the surface of the treatment body mixture 50 inside the decomposition treatment chamber 3, the air supply chamber 4 passes through the porous partition wall 6. The air supplied to the decomposition treatment chamber 3 can be exhausted from the hopper 31 by passing through the stationary tube 35 after passing through the treatment mixture 50. On the other hand, when the amount of the treatment object mixture 50 is large and the stationary tube 35 is buried inside the decomposition treatment chamber 3 below the surface of the treatment object mixture 50, for example, in the region of the decomposition treatment chamber 3 of the stationary tube 35. An exhaust tower (not shown) is provided, and the exhaust means can be constituted by the exhaust tower, the stationary pipe 35, and the hopper 31. An exhaust port is provided in the upper portion of the exhaust tower, and the exhaust port is exposed on the repose angle slope S of the treatment body mixture 50. The exhaust tower preferably extends in a direction perpendicular to the angle of repose S from the side surface of the stationary pipe 35. When the exhaust tower is provided, air enters the decomposition treatment chamber 3 from the air supply chamber 4 through the porous partition wall 6, passes between the treatment body mixture 50, passes through the exhaust port of the exhaust tower, and is stationary. It passes through the pipe 35 and is exhausted from the hopper 31.
Note that an exhaust opening (not shown) may be provided on the side surface of the stationary pipe 35 between the shaft seal portion 34 and the hopper 31, and exhaust may be performed from the exhaust opening.
[0067]
Further, the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is not provided with the processing object insertion means 30 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the microorganism-supporting carrier insertion / discharge unit 18 as shown in FIG. In the organic waste decomposition apparatus which is provided on the cylindrical side wall portion 10a of the cylindrical decomposition tank 10 and inserts the object to be processed from the microorganism carrier support insertion / discharge section 18, the rotation shaft of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank An exhaust pipe (not shown) can be provided at the location. That is, this exhaust pipe can be provided at the same position as the stationary pipe 35 of the workpiece insertion means 30 shown in FIG. 2, and can be exhausted to the outside of the lateral rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank. Further, an exhaust tower extending from the side surface of the exhaust pipe in a direction exposed on the repose angle slope of the treatment mixture, preferably extending in a direction perpendicular to the repose angle slope S, is provided at an upper portion of the exhaust tower. It can exhaust from the provided exhaust port through the exhaust pipe to the outside of the lateral rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank. The exhaust pipe is also provided with a shaft seal portion, similar to the stationary pipe 35, to seal the exhaust pipe and to be stationary (non-rotating state) independently from the rotation of the laterally rotating cylindrical decomposition tank. Is preferably maintained.
[0068]
In the organic waste decomposition apparatus of the present invention, a deodorizing means can be provided. The deodorizing means is preferably provided in the exhaust means.
For example, in the case where the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 has one decomposition processing chamber and one air supply chamber therein and no exhaust chamber is provided, the exhaust provided on the wall of the decomposition processing chamber It is preferable to provide deodorizing means at the mouth, a part of the exhaust pipe, and / or the outlet of the exhaust pipe to discharge the deodorized air. Further, when the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 has an exhaust chamber, a deodorizing means is provided at an exhaust port, a part of the exhaust pipe, and / or an outlet of the exhaust pipe provided on the wall surface of the exhaust chamber. It is preferable to discharge the deodorized air.
In addition, when providing the said deodorizing means, it is preferable to use a forced ventilation means and a forced suction means together.
[0069]
The exhaust chamber 5 of the inner drum 2 is provided with a water supply port 11d that communicates with the water supply pipe 11a, so that moisture can be supplied when the humidity is lower than the optimum conditions for the growth of microorganisms. . The water supplied from the water supply port 11 d passes through the porous partition wall 7 and is supplied to the treatment body mixture 50. Harmful excess moisture, drain, and soluble substances contained in the organic waste to be treated pass through the porous partition wall 6 and enter the air supply chamber 4 from the decomposition treatment chamber 3, pass through the drainage port 11c, and drainage pipe 11b. Drained from. Here, as shown in FIG. 8, the drain port 11 c is positioned at the lowest part in the gravity direction of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 in a stationary state in which the rotation of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is stopped. It is preferable to provide in. The water generated by the decomposition of the organic waste to be treated mainly becomes water vapor and is discharged from the exhaust means. After supplying water and / or water to the treated body mixture, it is preferable to stir the treated body mixture to uniformly disperse water in the treated body mixture. In order to supply moisture to the treated body mixture, it is preferable to provide the water supply port in the exhaust chamber as described above. However, even if the water supply port is provided in the air supply chamber or the decomposition treatment chamber, the water supply port and / or after the water supply are processed. By stirring the body mixture, moisture can be supplied throughout the treated body mixture.
[0070]
In the present invention, after removing excess water contained in the organic waste to be treated or supplying water necessary for the growth of microorganisms, an agitation step is carried out, and the organic waste to be treated and microorganisms are treated. It is preferable to thoroughly mix the carrier.
In addition to the water supplied to the microorganisms, it is preferable to flow a temperature-controlled water, for example, hot water from the hot water pipe 13, if desired, so that the temperature in the inner drum 2 is maintained at an optimum temperature for the growth of the microorganisms.
[0071]
As the decomposition by the microorganism proceeds, the organic waste is decomposed into carbon dioxide gas and water and discharged, so that voids are successively formed between the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste. If the void is left unattended, the contact area between the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste is reduced, the number of microorganisms participating in the degradation is reduced, and the degradation rate is lowered. Therefore, in order to maintain intimate contact between the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste, it is preferable to periodically rotate and agitate the lateral rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10. Completion of the microbial treatment can be confirmed, for example, from the cylindrical side wall portion 10a of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank 10 and the internal observation windows provided on the disk-shaped side wall portions 10b and 10c.
[0072]
In the organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 of the present invention, clogging of the porous partition walls 6 and 7 can be eliminated by, for example, back washing. That is, clogging of the porous partition walls 6 and 7 can be eliminated by sending air from the exhaust pipe 12b to the inside of the inner drum 2 and discharging the air from the air supply pipe 12a. Moreover, the operation of supplying water from the drain pipe 11b and discharging the water from the water supply pipe 11a can be used together, or the operation can be carried out independently to eliminate the clogging. The clogging can be eliminated by microbial decomposition.
[0073]
In the organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 according to the present invention, when inserting the organic waste to be processed into the decomposition treatment chamber 3 from the organic waste insertion means, for example, the automatic waste charging apparatus 30, a horizontally rotating cylinder is inserted. The rotation axis of the mold decomposition tank 10 can be inclined from the horizontal direction to the vertical direction, and the organic waste to be processed can enter the decomposition processing chamber 3 using gravity. For example, the entire apparatus for decomposing organic waste 1 of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is installed on a suitable base (not shown), and an automatic waste throwing device is provided by lift means connected to the base. The organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 is moved to an arrow so that the disk-shaped side wall 10c side provided with 30 is upward (relative to the direction of gravity) and the opposite disk-shaped side wall 10b is downward (relative to the direction of gravity). As a result, the cylindrical decomposition tank 10 can be tilted. The lifting angle can be any angle between the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and can be appropriately selected depending on the degree of entry of the organic waste to be treated.
[0074]
The inclination of the cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is not limited to the time when the organic waste to be processed is inserted, and the organic decomposition waste is stirred in the decomposition processing chamber 3 by rotating the cylindrical decomposition tank 10. The cylindrical decomposition tank 10 can also be inclined. However, before carrying out the microbial fermentation, the rotation axis of the horizontal rotation cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is returned to the horizontal direction, and the horizontal rotation cylindrical decomposition tank 10 is rotated in this horizontal state to carry microorganisms inside the decomposition processing chamber 3. It is preferable to perform the stirring step so that the repose angle slope S of the mixture of the carrier and the organic waste to be treated and the porous partition wall can be stopped in a substantially parallel state.
[0075]
The organic waste decomposition apparatus 1 of the present invention can be a small apparatus for household use or a large apparatus for a food processing factory. When the organic waste decomposing apparatus 1 of the present invention is a large apparatus, for example, an opening is provided in the cylindrical side wall part 10a or the disk-like side wall parts 10b and 10c, and a repairman is provided inside the decomposition processing chamber 3. Can enter, maintain and repair. Alternatively, the disk-like side wall portions 10b and 10c can be configured to be openable or detachable.
[0076]
In the organic waste decomposition apparatus of the present invention, for example, when used for a long period of time, salt or other deposits may adhere to the microorganism-supporting carrier and inhibit the activity of the microorganisms. In such a case, for example, washing water can be supplied from the water supply means to the decomposition treatment chamber, the microorganism-supporting carrier can be washed, and salt or other deposits can be eluted. In this case, when washing water is sprayed onto the microorganism-carrying carrier, microorganisms may be peeled off from the carrier. Therefore, it is preferable to perform the elution treatment by immersing the microorganism-carrying carrier in washing water.
In addition, the wastewater discharged from the decomposition treatment chamber is directly or after physical, chemical and / or biological purification treatment, part or all is circulated and supplied again to the decomposition treatment chamber as water supply. can do. Circulating the waste water is preferable because it not only saves water but also reduces the degree of water pollution of the waste water, that is, the BOD.
[0077]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, even when the rotation of the cylindrical decomposition tank is stopped, efficient ventilation can be performed to the mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated. Can be reduced, thus extending the life of the support. Moreover, anaerobic fermentation can be prevented because aeration to microorganisms is ensured by removing harmful excess water. Moreover, since the number of rotations of the cylindrical decomposition tank is small, the phenomenon of gelatinization, hatching, or gumming can be suppressed.
Further, in the present invention, by providing the stirring means for moving in the axial direction in the decomposition processing chamber, the rotation direction stirring and the axial direction stirring in the decomposition processing chamber can be efficiently performed. The number of rotations can be further reduced.
The organic waste treatment apparatus and the organic waste treatment method according to the present invention can be used for compost production, so-called composting, but can maintain good growth conditions for aerobic microorganisms. Organic waste can be decomposed into water and carbon dioxide and eliminated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an organic waste decomposition apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of a horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank included in the organic waste decomposition apparatus of FIG. 1 and the structure of an organic waste insertion means to be treated.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a triangular prism type stirring plate disposed on the inner wall surface of the drum.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a flat stirring plate disposed on the inner wall surface of the drum.
FIG. 5 is a development view of the surface of the decomposition processing chamber schematically showing the arrangement of the triangular column type stirring plate and the flat plate type stirring plate in the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 6 is a development view of the surface of the decomposition treatment chamber schematically showing another arrangement of the triangular column type stirring plate and the flat plate type stirring plate in the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank.
7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition vessel showing a state of stirring in the rotational direction in the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition vessel of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.
8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a microbial decomposition operation in a stationary state of the horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG.
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a horizontal rotation type cylindrical decomposition tank for explaining the principle of homogeneous ventilation by a curved porous partition wall.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Organic waste decomposition device; 2 ... Inner drum; 3 ... Decomposition processing chamber;
4 ... Air supply chamber; 5 ... Exhaust chamber; 6, 7 ... Porous partition;
6 '... flat porous partition; 8 ... heat insulating material layer; 10 ... cylindrical decomposition tank;
10a ... cylindrical side wall; 10b, 10c ... disk-like side wall;
11 ... Water supply / drainage pipe system; 11a ... Water supply pipe; 11b ... Drainage pipe;
11c ... Drainage port; 11d ... Water supply port;
12 ... Supply / exhaust pipe system; 12a ... Supply pipe; 12b ... Exhaust pipe;
12c: Air supply port; 12d: Exhaust port;
13 ... Hot water pipe; 13a ... Hot water supply pipe; 14 ... Rotary joint;
15 ... General pipe; 16 ... Lid; 17 ... Opening;
18 ... Insertion / discharge section; 21 ... Triangular prism type stirring plate;
22 ... Triangular prism type stirring main plate; 22a ... Parallel side surface;
22b ... Deflection side; 22c ... Side;
22d: a generally right triangular bottom surface; 23 ... an auxiliary stirring plate;
24: Flat plate stirring plate; 25: Flat plate stirring main plate;
25a ... parallel side surface; 25b ... side surface; 26 ... stirring assist plate;
27a, 27b, 27c, 27d ... stirring plate row;
30 ... Organic waste insertion means; 31 ... Hopper;
32 ... Motor; 33 ... Spiral conveyor; 34 ... Shaft seal part;
35 ... stationary tube; 36 ... spiral paddle; 40 ... rotating means;
41a, 41b ... support roller; 42 ... motor;
43a, 43b ... ring gears;
50 ... treatment mixture; 51 ... microbial carrier;
52 ... Organic waste to be treated;
S: Repose angle slope.

Claims (12)

（１）実質的に水平な方向に延びる回転軸を中心に回転可能な円筒状分解槽；
（２）前記円筒状分解槽の内部で、前記回転軸と実質的に平行に延び、前記円筒状分解槽を、分解処理室と給気室とに分割する多孔性隔壁；
（３）前記分解処理室内に、微生物担持担体を挿入する手段；
（４）前記分解処理室内に、被処理有機廃棄物を挿入する手段；
（５）前記円筒状分解槽を回転させるか、又は回転を停止させることができる手段であって、前記円筒状分解槽の回転により前記微生物担持担体と前記被処理有機廃棄物との混合物が分解処理室内に形成する安息角と多孔性隔壁とが実質的に平行になり、前記給気室が前記分解処理室の下方になる位置で、円筒状分解槽の回転を停止して静止させることのできる手段；
（６）前記給気室内に酸素を供給する給気手段；
（７）前記分解処理室から気体を排出する排気手段；
（８）前記微生物担持担体と前記被処理有機廃棄物との混合物が分解処理室内に形成する前記安息角と多孔性隔壁とが実質的に平行になり、前記給気室が前記分解処理室の下方になる位置で静止状態となっている前記分解処理室において、前記混合物に、前記給気手段及び／又は前記排気手段を介して、酸素を通気させる強制通気手段；及び
（９）前記給気室に設けられ、前記分解処理室内からの水分を前記円筒状分解槽の外部へ排出する排水手段；
を含む、有機廃棄物分解装置。(1) A cylindrical decomposition tank that can rotate around a rotation axis extending in a substantially horizontal direction;
(2) A porous partition wall that extends substantially parallel to the rotation axis inside the cylindrical decomposition tank and divides the cylindrical decomposition tank into a decomposition treatment chamber and an air supply chamber;
(3) Means for inserting a microorganism-supporting carrier into the decomposition treatment chamber;
(4) Means for inserting the organic waste to be treated into the decomposition treatment chamber;
(5) A means capable of rotating or stopping the rotation of the cylindrical decomposition tank, wherein the mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated is decomposed by the rotation of the cylindrical decomposition tank. The repose angle formed in the processing chamber is substantially parallel to the porous partition wall, and the rotation of the cylindrical decomposition tank is stopped and stopped at a position where the air supply chamber is below the decomposition processing chamber. Means that can be ;
(6) Air supply means for supplying oxygen into the air supply chamber;
(7) Exhaust means for discharging gas from the decomposition treatment chamber;
(8) The angle of repose and the porous partition formed by the mixture of the microorganism-carrying carrier and the organic waste to be processed in the decomposition chamber are substantially parallel, and the air supply chamber is formed in the decomposition chamber. Oite the decomposition treatment chamber in a position to be downwardly and has a stationary state, to the mixture, via the air supply means and / or said exhaust means, forced ventilation means venting the oxygen; and
(9) Drainage means provided in the air supply chamber for discharging moisture from the decomposition treatment chamber to the outside of the cylindrical decomposition tank;
Including organic waste decomposition equipment. 前記円筒状分解槽の内部に、相互に実質的に平行な多孔性隔壁２つを有し、前記円筒状分解槽が、中央部の分解処理室１つと、その分解処理室の両側に配置される給気室と排気室とに分割されている、請求項１に記載の有機廃棄物分解装置。  The cylindrical decomposition vessel has two porous partition walls that are substantially parallel to each other, and the cylindrical decomposition vessel is disposed at one decomposition treatment chamber in the center and on both sides of the decomposition treatment chamber. The organic waste decomposition apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste decomposition apparatus is divided into an air supply chamber and an exhaust chamber. 前記排気手段を前記排気室に連結すると共に、前記分解処理室内へ水分を供給する給水手段を前記排気室に設ける、請求項２に記載の有機廃棄物分解装置。The organic waste decomposing apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the exhaust unit is connected to the exhaust chamber, and a water supply unit for supplying moisture into the decomposition chamber is provided in the exhaust chamber. 前記円筒状分解槽が前記回転軸を中心に回転した場合に、微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物を、その回転軸が延びる方向へ移動させる軸方向移動用撹拌手段を、前記分解処理室内に設ける、請求項１〜３のいずれか一項に記載の有機廃棄物分解装置。When the cylindrical decomposition tank rotates around the rotation axis, an axial movement stirring means for moving the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be processed in the direction in which the rotation axis extends is provided in the decomposition processing chamber. The organic waste decomposition | disassembly apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-3 provided. 前記軸方向移動用撹拌手段が、前記分解処理室内において前記円筒状分解槽の回転軸に平行な内壁面上に設けた三角柱型撹拌板であり、前記三角柱型撹拌板は、その１つの大略直角三角形状底面で前記分解処理室の内壁面上に固定されており、その３つの側面の内、大略直角で交わる２側面は、一方が前記回転軸と実質的に平行であって、もう一方が前記回転軸と実質的に垂直方向に延びており、第３の側面が前記回転軸の延びる方向から偏向している、請求項４に記載の有機廃棄物分解装置。The axial movement stirring means is a triangular column type stirring plate provided on an inner wall surface parallel to the rotation axis of the cylindrical decomposition tank in the decomposition processing chamber, and the triangular column type stirring plate is one of the substantially right angles. A triangular bottom surface is fixed to the inner wall surface of the decomposition chamber. Of the three side surfaces, one of the two side surfaces intersecting at a substantially right angle is substantially parallel to the rotation axis, and the other is The organic waste decomposing apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the organic waste decomposing apparatus extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rotation shaft, and the third side surface is deflected from a direction in which the rotation shaft extends. 前記円筒状分解槽が前記回転軸を中心に回転した場合に、微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物を、その回転方向へ移動させる回転方向移動用撹拌手段を、前記分解処理室内に設ける、請求項１〜５のいずれか一項に記載の有機廃棄物分解装置。A rotation direction moving stirring means for moving the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be processed in the rotation direction when the cylindrical decomposition tank rotates around the rotation axis is provided in the decomposition processing chamber. Item 6. The organic waste decomposing apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 5 . 前記回転方向移動用撹拌手段が、前記分解処理室内において前記円筒状分解槽の回転軸に平行な内壁面上に設けた平板型撹拌板であり、前記平板型撹拌板は、その１つの大略長方形状底面で前記分解処理室の内壁面上に固定されており、その相互に平行な２対の側面の内、面積の大きい２側面は前記回転軸と実質的に平行であり、面積の小さい２側面は前記回転軸と実質的に垂直方向に延びている、請求項６に記載の有機廃棄物分解装置。The rotating direction moving stirring means is a flat plate stirring plate provided on an inner wall surface parallel to the rotation axis of the cylindrical decomposition tank in the decomposition processing chamber, and the flat plate stirring plate is generally rectangular in shape. 2 of the pair of side surfaces parallel to each other, the two side surfaces having a large area are substantially parallel to the rotation axis, and the area having a small area 2 is fixed to the inner wall surface of the decomposition chamber. The organic waste decomposing apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein a side surface extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rotation shaft. 被処理有機廃棄物挿入手段から前記分解処理室内に被処理有機廃棄物を挿入する際、及び／又は、前記円筒状分解槽を回転させて前記分解処理室内で被処理有機廃棄物を撹拌する際に、前記円筒状分解槽の回転軸が水平方向と垂直方向との間の任意の角度で傾斜するように前記円筒状分解槽を傾斜させることのできる、円筒状分解槽傾斜手段を更に有する、請求項１〜７のいずれか一項に記載の有機廃棄物分解装置。When inserting the organic waste to be processed into the decomposition chamber from the organic waste insertion means, and / or when stirring the organic waste in the decomposition chamber by rotating the cylindrical decomposition tank In addition, the cylindrical decomposition tank inclining means that can incline the cylindrical decomposition tank so that the rotation axis of the cylindrical decomposition tank is inclined at an arbitrary angle between the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, organic waste decomposing system according to any one of claims 1-7. 前記円筒状分解槽傾斜手段が、傾斜後の前記円筒状分解槽の上部領域に前記被処理有機廃棄物挿入手段を配置させることのできる円筒状分解槽傾斜手段である、請求項８に記載の有機廃棄物分解装置。It said cylindrical decomposition vessel tilting means is a cylindrical decomposition vessel tilting means capable of placing the object to be processed organic waste insertion means in an upper region of the cylindrical decomposition bath after tilting, according to claim 8 Organic waste decomposition equipment. （１）実質的に水平な方向に延びる回転軸と実質的に平行に延びる多孔性隔壁によって分割された分解処理室と給気室とを備え、前記分解処理室内に微生物担持担体を含み、そして前記の回転軸を中心に回転可能な円筒状分解槽を用意し；
（２）前記分解処理室内に、被処理有機廃棄物を挿入し；
（３）前記の円筒状分解槽を、前記回転軸を中心に回転させることにより、前記分解処理室内の微生物担持担体と被処理有機廃棄物とを混合し；
（４）微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物によって分解処理室内に形成される安息角と多孔性隔壁とが実質的に平行になり、前記給気室が前記分解処理室の下方になる位置で、円筒状分解槽の回転を停止して静止させ；
（５）酸素を、前記給気室から、前記多孔性隔壁を経て、微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合物内部を経由させ、円筒状分解槽に設けた排気手段から排出する強制的な通気条件下において微生物発酵を実施する；
ことを特徴とする、有機廃棄物の分解方法。(1) a decomposition treatment chamber and an air supply chamber divided by a porous partition wall extending substantially parallel to a rotation axis extending in a substantially horizontal direction, including a microorganism-supporting carrier in the decomposition treatment chamber; Providing a cylindrical decomposition vessel rotatable about the rotation axis;
(2) Insert organic waste to be treated into the decomposition chamber;
(3) Mixing the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated in the decomposition treatment chamber by rotating the cylindrical decomposition vessel around the rotation shaft;
(4) The angle of repose formed in the decomposition treatment chamber by the mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated and the porous partition wall are substantially parallel, and the air supply chamber is below the decomposition treatment chamber. In position, stop the rotation of the cylindrical decomposition tank and stop it;
(5) Forced discharge of oxygen from the air supply chamber, through the porous partition wall, through the inside of the mixture of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be treated, and from the exhaust means provided in the cylindrical decomposition tank Performing microbial fermentation under aerated conditions;
A method for decomposing organic waste. 前記円筒状分解槽の静止下における微生物発酵工程と、前記円筒状分解槽の回転による微生物担持担体及び被処理有機廃棄物の混合工程とを、順次繰り返して実施する、請求項１０に記載の有機廃棄物の分解方法。The organic according to claim 10 , wherein the microorganism fermentation step in a stationary state of the cylindrical decomposition tank and the mixing step of the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be processed by the rotation of the cylindrical decomposition tank are sequentially repeated. Waste decomposition method. 前記円筒状分解槽の回転軸が水平方向と垂直方向との間の任意の角度で傾斜するように前記円筒状分解槽を傾斜させた状態で、前記分解処理室内に被処理有機廃棄物を挿入し、及び／又は、前記円筒状分解槽を回転して前記分解処理室内の微生物担持担体と被処理有機廃棄物とを混合し、前記円筒状分解槽の回転軸を水平方向にした静止状態で微生物発酵を実施する、請求項１０又は１１に記載の有機廃棄物の分解方法。Insert the organic waste to be treated into the decomposition treatment chamber with the cylindrical decomposition vessel inclined such that the rotation axis of the cylindrical decomposition vessel is inclined at an arbitrary angle between the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. And / or rotating the cylindrical decomposition tank to mix the microorganism-supporting carrier and the organic waste to be processed in the decomposition chamber, and in a stationary state in which the rotation axis of the cylindrical decomposition tank is horizontal. The organic waste decomposition method according to claim 10 or 11 , wherein microbial fermentation is performed.
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