JP2005052697A - Water quality monitoring system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To rationalize the arrangement of an automatic monitor device while achieving the combination with another monitoring method in order to establish a water quality monitoring system because a water area of rivers or the like is extraordinarily wide as compared with a case for monitoring the terminal of a water pipe of which the diameter is several ten centimeter at most. <P>SOLUTION: This water quality monitoring system is constituted so as to continuously measure the quality of wastewater discharged to a water area of rivers, lakes and marches, the sea and the like from a drain port to transmit the measured quality data of water to the outside. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

となる。ただし、ｕ：計算区間での代表的な流速（ｍ）、Ｄ_ｘ：拡散係数（ｍ２／ｓ）、Ｃ_０：汚水濃度（ｍｇ／Ｌ）、Ｑ_０：汚水流入量（Ｌ）である。このような式から汚染拡大の予測を行っているが、実際の河川の状態をかなり単純化しており、河川の状態をそのまま反映するものではないので、実際に水質を計測し予測を補正している。また、例えば特開平１１−２５６６６５で示すように汚染を発見してから水質計測・計算を行うため迅速な対応が出来ない恐れがあった。
【００９６】
本実施例では、最初に水質監視装置により汚染物質が確認された場合の発生時間・場所の推測方法を示す。ある河川の上流側と下流側に設置した複数の水質監視装置で汚染物質が確認されたとする。このとき、複数の水質監視装置からの汚染物質濃度データトレンド間の相互相関を取り、それぞれのトレンド間の時間差を求める。次に、それぞれのトレンドの時間差分（図１６参照、以下、トレンド９４１、９４２の組に付考察する）
ｂ＝（ｔ２−ｔ１） （数２）
をシフトし、２つのトレンドのピークを合わせる（ｔ１、ｔ２は汚染物質流入時を時刻０としたときの水質監視装置で汚染物質が検出された時刻を表す。汚染物質流入時の絶対的な時刻は不明である）。さらに、一方のトレンドの時間間隔を実際の時間間隔のａ１倍とする。通常、下流側では拡散によりトレンドが広がるので下流側の時間間隔を狭める（０＜ａ１＜１とする）。その後、２つのデータの相互相関を取り、相関が大きくなった場合は、さらに時間間隔をａ２（０＜ａ２＜ａ１）倍とする。また、相関が小さくなった場合は、時間間隔をａ２（ａ１＜ａ２＜１）とする。以上を繰り返し、ｎ回目に相互相関の変化が設定した値以上になった時に作業を中止する。トレンドの時間変化が（数１）に従うとする。
（数１）のｅｘｐ内の項の分子は、時間が変化してもｔ＝ｘ／ｕの周りでは対称であるが、分母はｔの増加に比例して大きくなる。従って、時間間隔をｔ２／ｔ１とすれば２つのトレンドの形状が一致し相互相関が最大になると考えられる。したがって、
ａｎ＝ｔ２／ｔ１ （数３）
となり、（数２）と（数３）から、ｔ２、ｔ１を求めることができる。ｔ２、ｔ１に相当する実際の時刻は明らかなので、汚染物質流入の実際の時刻が確定できる。水質監視装置からのデータが３つ以上ある場合は、結果が複数出るが、これらの平均または、（数１）がよく成り立つと思われる範囲（河川の蛇行や他河川の流入などの少ない範囲）のデータ組を選ぶ。一方、汚染物質、流入箇所は水質監視装置付近に設置した流速計などで求めた流速や事前にトレーサなどを流し確認したデータから川の流速ｕを求める。この川の流速に先ほど求めたｔ１やｔ２などの時刻をかけ水質監視装置からの距離を求め、汚染物質流入ポイントを推測する。また、このデータを各関係機関に送付し現場を確認する。
【００９７】
本実施例によれば、水質監視装置により汚染の発見と計測が同時に出来るので汚染物質流入箇所の推定が早期に出来、汚染の拡大を防ぐことが出来る。
【００９８】
また、河川に水質監視装置が設置されていない場合、汚染源からの通報が無く、魚の斃死などで汚染物質の流入が推定された場合、異常発生ポイントおよび、異常発生ポイントの上流側、下流側に臨時に車載または携帯の水質監視装置を設置し水質監視ポイントとする。これらの水質計測ポイントからのデータを水質監視センターに送信し上記の様な相関分析により汚染物質流入ポイントを推定する。通常時、これらの監視システムでは一定の計測ポイントを巡回し計測を行い、水質データの蓄積を行い、水質悪化の状況を把握し、異常時に集合し計測にあたることとしてもよい（異常発生流域は別流域の装備・人員の応援を受けることもできる）。
【００９９】
本実施例によれば、水質監視システムを複数の河川で運用できるので装置、人員コストの削減が出来る。
【０１００】
また、シアンなどの毒性物質以外にリン・窒素などの環境汚染物質についても特定の汚染物質流入箇所を推定することが出来る。リン・窒素などの環境汚染物質はよほどの高濃度で無い限り、魚類などの水生生物を即座に死に至らしめるものではない。従って、魚の斃死などで発見されないため前期方法はさらに有効となる。また、汚染物資流入箇所が推定された場合は、推定箇所周辺の該当事業所排水の水質検査を実施し排出源の特定を行い、浄化対策を指示できる。
【０１０１】
また、耕作地などの面源による汚染は、肥料散布時期に汚染物質が増加するなど季節的な変化や短期間での明確な変動が見られないことなどから推定できる。
また、家庭排水などによる汚染は、人の１日周期の活動に対応した１日周期での変化が見られることから推定できる。これらの、面源とみなせるデータから、各流域での下水処理場などの設置の提案・立案が可能になる。
【０１０２】
また、事業者により継続的に汚染物質が排出されている場合、はっきりしたピークが見られないが、事業者よりの排水が流入する地点より下流側の水質計測ポイントでは水質の悪化が観測される。また、休日などの操業停止日には水質が改善するなどの情報が得られる。これらの情報から事業者よりの継続的な排出が推定される場合は、車載や携帯の水質監視装置により汚染が確認された計測ポイントから上流側に水質計測を行う。この場合、汚染流入箇所に向かって徐々に水質が悪化してゆく。汚染流入箇所を過ぎると水質が急に改善されるので、水質が急に改善されるポイントを探す。異常により汚染物資流入箇所が推定された場合は、推定箇所周辺の該当事業所排水の水質検査を実施し排出源の特定を行い、浄化対策を指示する。
【０１０３】
この場合、船などに水質監視装置を積載し連続的に水質を計測してゆくことにより場所の特定がより精密になる。分析装置が小型であれば積載する船も小型ですむので小さな河川での観測が容易になる。
【０１０４】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、小型の水質監視装置により詳細かつ迅速な水域の汚染検出が出来るので水質事故時の対策が早急に出来るとともに、水環境の管理、汚染物排出事業所での水質管理が容易な水質監視システムを提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】図１は、本発明の一実施例を備えた水質監視システムの構成図である。
【図２】図２は、本発明の一実施例を備えた水質監視システムの構成図である。
【図３】図３は、本発明の一実施例を備えた水質監視システムの構成図である。
【図４】図４は、本発明の一実施例を備えた水質監視システムの構成図である。
【図５】図５は、本発明の一実施例を備えた水質監視装置の構成図である。
【図６】図６は、本発明の一実施例を備えた水質監視装置の構成図である。
【図７】図７は、本発明の一実施例を備えた分析部の構造図である。
【図８】図８は、マイクロセルのＡ−Ａ断面図である。
【図９】図９は、マイクロセルのＢ−Ｂ断面図である。
【図１０】図１０は、マイクロセルのＣ−Ｃ断面図である。
【図１１】図１１は、マイクロセルのＤ−Ｄ断面図である。
【図１２】図１２は、校正曲線の特性図である。
【図１３】図１３は、図１４のＥ−Ｅ断面図である。
【図１４】図１４は、本発明の一実施例を備えた分析装置の要部斜視図である。
【図１５】図１５は、本発明の一実施例を備えた水質監視システムの構成図である。
【図１６】図１６は、本発明の一実施例を備えた処理ステップを表す図である。
【符号の説明】
１・・水質監視装置、７・・マイクロセル、８・・前処理装置、２０・・排水口、２１・・排水、２２・・受水槽、３１・・電源、３２・・通信手段、３３・・構築物、３５・・移動機構、４０・・分析装置、９０、９３・・監視カメラ、９１・・水質監視センター、９４１、９４２・・トレンド。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water quality monitoring system for a water area and a water quality monitoring device used in the monitoring system.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There are cases where hazardous substances flow into water areas such as rivers and lakes (water quality accidents) due to sudden accidents from business establishments such as factories. Some harmful substances, such as cyanide used for plating, are fatal, and urgent action is required in the event of an accident.
Usually, in such cases, the person who caused the accident or the general public reports to the relevant organizations such as local governments, the site is confirmed, and the water quality inspection identifies the hazardous substances, identifies the concentration, and identifies the contaminated area. . If the contaminated area is a waterway, the sluice gate is closed and a neutralizing agent is introduced. If it flows into a wide water area such as a river, water intake is stopped at the water purification plant depending on the situation. In parallel with this, we call on the general public not to approach the water area.
In waterways and rivers, pollutants diffuse quickly due to the flow, so the longer the time from discovery to countermeasures, the greater the damage and the higher the cost and time required for countermeasures, so early detection is desirable. In order to enable early detection of accidents, it is desirable to constantly monitor the water quality of rivers and other areas over a wide area.
[0003]
In addition, environmental pollution of rivers and lakes due to nutrient salts such as phosphorus and nitrogen contained in wastewater discharged from households and business establishments has become serious.
In particular, in closed waters such as the Seto Inland Sea and Tokyo Bay, a large amount of plankton is generated due to an increase in phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, and the damage of the red tide cannot be ignored. In order to respond to these, restrictions on the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus have been introduced, and water quality monitoring is being conducted in the water area. Currently, environmental management system standards such as ISO 14001 and chemical substance management methods such as the PRTR method for managing and regulating the amount of chemicals entering and leaving the office are introduced. As a company, it is desired to prevent environmental pollution and improve the corporate image by controlling the amount of waste and pollutants discharged from the company. In order to meet these requirements, there are places where large-sized automatic water quality monitoring devices are installed in the corresponding water areas, but the installation location is limited and the number of installation locations is limited because the device is large and expensive. is the current situation.
[0004]
On the other hand, in the water supply field, it is obliged for water utilities to check the quality of tap water distributed from the water purification plant to each household.
In particular, the three items of residual chlorine, chromaticity, and turbidity require daily inspection, and in response to this, an automatic water quality monitoring device has been installed at the end of water distribution. In the past, this device was also large in size like river devices, but in recent years, due to the application of MEMS technology, the water quality detection unit and internal piping have been greatly reduced in size. Instead of a meter-sized device, a device of vertical and horizontal size of about A4 size was developed (reference document, Miyake et al .: Development of a compact tap water quality meter, flow, vol. 21, No. 3, p213-219). The small device is cheaper and easier to install than the conventional device.
If this technology is applied to water quality monitoring of rivers, it is possible to install a large number of devices over a wide area, as in the water supply field, and to improve and systematize the monitoring system. Moreover, since the water of rivers and lakes contains a large amount of small suspended solids such as soil particles and plankton, a small filtration device that removes these particles is required.
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Miyake et al .: Development of compact tap water quality meter, flow, vol. 21, no. 3, p213-219
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, compared to the case of monitoring the end of a water pipe with a diameter of several tens of centimeters at the most, the water area of rivers and the like is extremely wide, and in order to build a monitoring system, the arrangement of automatic monitoring devices is optimized and other monitoring is performed. The combination with the method is important. In addition, the conventional apparatus has a complicated apparatus structure, which may increase the size of the apparatus.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to provide a water quality monitoring system capable of detecting contamination of a water area in detail and quickly with a small water quality monitoring device.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above-mentioned purpose is to transmit drainage ports provided in water areas such as rivers, lakes, and seas, measurement means for continuously measuring the quality of waste water discharged from the drainage ports, and transmitting water quality data from the measurement means to the outside. This is achieved by providing transmission means.
[0008]
Further, the above object is achieved by providing means for notifying the water quality data to a water quality monitoring center or a business establishment that may discharge the drainage to a drain outlet.
[0009]
In addition, the above objectives are to monitor the amount and quality of rainwater that falls on the premises and roads of business establishments where there is a possibility of discharging wastewater to the drainage outlets, and the wastewater discharged from the establishment's drainage outlets. This is achieved by providing a water quality monitoring device for measuring the water quality of the water and a calculation means for calculating water quality data from the water quality monitoring device and calculating the total amount of pollutants discharged from the offices and roads.
[0010]
Further, the above object includes an intermediate tank for temporarily storing waste water, means for pumping up the waste water when the water level of the intermediate tank exceeds a certain level, measuring water quality, and means for discharging the waste water from the intermediate tank. Is achieved.
[0011]
In addition, the object is to provide a water quality monitoring device installed on a structure that crosses the water area, a moving mechanism that moves the water quality monitoring device on the structure, and sample water that supplies sample water from the water area to the water quality monitoring device. This is achieved by including a supply mechanism and transmission means for transmitting water quality data measured by the water quality monitoring device to the outside.
[0012]
Further, the object is to provide a pump provided in the water area, an intermediate tank for storing the sample water discharged from the pump, a water quality monitoring device for monitoring the quality of the sample water stored in the intermediate tank, This is achieved by providing electrical means for transmitting water quality data introduced to the water quality monitoring device to the outside.
[0013]
Further, the object is to provide a filter device for the sample water, a water quality monitoring device provided with an analysis device for analyzing the quality of the filtered water by the filter device, and each connection part for supplying the filtered water and power. This is achieved by making the connecting portion detachable.
[0014]
In addition, the object includes a monitoring camera that monitors the water area, and a detection unit that detects the size and movement of suspended matter in the image by performing image processing on an image obtained by the monitoring camera. And is achieved by fractionating other floats.
[0015]
In addition, the above object is to determine a time interval between trends by taking a cross-correlation between a plurality of water quality monitoring devices installed in a river and means for selecting two trends of concentration change from water quality data from the water quality monitoring device. And means for estimating the time of occurrence of contamination from the rate of reduction (expansion) of the time interval when the time interval of one trend is changed to maximize the cross-correlation with the other trend. Is achieved.
[0016]
The above object is achieved by calculating the pollution occurrence time and the flow rate data from the flow rate sensor installed in the river to estimate the pollution occurrence point.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring system provided with an embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, a small water quality monitoring device 1 is provided in the vicinity of a drainage outlet and a drainage outlet for draining from a rainwater drainage channel of an establishment using a specific chemical substance such as cyan to an external water channel. . If there are several drain outlets, install the drain outlet at the end of the drainage path if the estimated drainage path from the chemical substance storage place or use place in the establishment is clear.
[0018]
The water quality monitoring device 1 obtains electric power from a power source 31 such as a solar cell, a battery, or an electric wire. At the installation point, the drainage 21 from the drainage port 20 is temporarily received by the water receiving tank 22, and the supernatant of the drainage 21 mixed in the water receiving tank 22 is continuously taken into the water quality monitoring device 1. The water receiving tank 22 has a double bottom, and an upper bottom plate 221 is attached to the side wall of the water receiving tank 22 via a hinge 222. Further, an elastic member 224 is inserted between the lower plate 223 and the upper plate 221 of the water receiving tank 22. When the drainage 21 entering the water receiving tank 22 increases from the drainage port 20, the elastic member 224 is deformed by the weight of the drainage 21 and the upper bottom plate 221 rotates around the hinge 222, a gap is formed on the side surface, and the drainage in the water receiving tank 22 is formed. 21 is drained rapidly. A float 225 floats in the water receiving tank 22, and a water collection tube 226 that supplies the drainage 21 to the water quality monitoring device 1 is connected to the float 225. The drainage water 21 in the water receiving tank 22 is supplied to the water quality monitoring device 1 through the water sampling tube 226 by the pump 111.
[0019]
Further, the drainage discharged from the water quality monitoring device is drained via the drainage tube 228 to the water receiving tank 22 or a drainage facility (not shown) (such as a sewer pipe, drainage groove, storage tank). The tip of the water sampling tube 226 is always at a fixed position from the water surface as the float 225 moves up and down according to the liquid surface up and down of the drainage 21 in the water receiving tank 22. Further, the liquid level sensor 227 attached to the water receiving tank 22 sends the liquid level position data in the water receiving tank 22 to the water quality monitoring device 1. In the water quality monitoring device 1, when the liquid surface position data falls below a certain value, the water sampling from the water receiving tank 22 is stopped. Further, when the liquid level position data rises from a certain position, the upper and lower plates 221 may be driven by a drive mechanism (not shown) to discharge the waste water 21 in the water receiving tank. Needless to say, a drainage mechanism such as a pump or a solenoid valve (not shown) may be attached to the water receiving tank 22 to discharge the wastewater 21 in the water receiving tank based on the liquid level position data. Further, the water quality monitoring device 1 obtains drainage flow rate data by recording drainage discharge time.
[0020]
According to the present embodiment, unlike a river or the like, it is possible to measure the amount of drainage from a drain outlet where the amount of water increases and decreases with a simple device. In addition, since the measurement can be stopped when there is no drainage, the running cost of a reagent for measuring water quality can be reduced. Further, since foreign matters such as sludge accumulated at the bottom of the water receiving tank 22 can be discharged together with the drainage 21, the water receiving tank 22 can be automatically cleaned and stable measurement can be performed.
[0021]
Further, the water quality data obtained from the water quality monitoring device 1 is periodically sent to a water quality monitoring center (not shown) by a wired or wireless communication means 32 and also sent to a corresponding office (not shown). The In addition, if the pollutant concentration exceeds a certain value, an alarm is sent to the water quality monitoring center and business office.
[0022]
As a result, the water quality monitoring center can individually monitor the establishments, and based on these data, the establishments will enhance the introduction and maintenance of wastewater treatment facilities, environmental management within the establishments, and emergency situations. Can be taken.
[0023]
In addition, by installing a water quality monitoring device that measures the quality of rainwater and tap water that falls within the establishment, the product of precipitation and the amount of water entering the establishment obtained from the water meter and the concentration of pollutants are taken. Know the total amount of pollutants entering the office. From this and the pollutant concentration obtained from the water quality monitoring device installed at the discharge port and the amount of drainage, the total amount of pollutants that have flowed out of the office can be grasped, and environmental management can be performed to reduce the amount of pollutants.
[0024]
It will also be installed at drainage outlets that pour into rivers by drainage from the vicinity of highway bridges and intersections that are close to rivers and are likely to cause traffic accidents. As a result, it is possible to speed up the response by monitoring the status of the pollutant leaked due to the traffic accident of the tank lorry or the waste transport vehicle and contacting the related organizations. In addition, a water quality monitoring device that measures the quality of rainwater that falls near the road is installed, and the total amount of pollutants entering the road is calculated by taking the product of the amount of water entering the road and the concentration of pollutants determined from precipitation. To grasp. From this and the pollutant concentration and drainage obtained from the water quality monitoring device installed at the outlet where the drainage from the road collects, the total amount of pollutant from the road and car (generated by contact between the road surface and the tire) And the environmental management for reducing the amount of pollutants by improving the road and improving the car. At the river junction, a water quality monitoring device equipped with a sampling mechanism that draws raw water from the river by a pump or the like is installed in each river upstream of the junction.
[0025]
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring apparatus showing an embodiment when the river width is wide.
In Fig. 2, it is installed on a bridge, etc., and raw water is sampled across the river and measured with a water quality monitoring device. The water quality monitoring device 1 is mounted together with a moving mechanism 35 on a support 34 such as a rail provided along a structure 33 that crosses a river such as a bridge, and the moving mechanism 35 moves along the structure 33 on the support 34. Moving. A float 225 floats on the river, and a water collection tube 226 that supplies the river water 361 to the water quality monitoring device 1 is connected to the float 225. River water 361 is supplied to the water quality monitoring device 1 through the water sampling tube 226 by the pump 111. Further, the drainage discharged from the water quality monitoring device 1 is drained through a drainage tube 228 to a river or drainage equipment (not shown) (a drain pipe, drainage trench, storage tank, etc.). The tip of the water sampling tube 226 is always at a fixed position from the water surface as the float 225 moves up and down according to changes in the river water level.
[0026]
According to the present embodiment, since river water can be measured at a plurality of points in the width direction of the river, it is possible to prevent oversight of pollutants due to the pollutants flowing in an uneven direction in the width direction of the river.
[0027]
If there is no structure such as a bridge, install a water quality monitoring device on the drive mechanism attached to the wire that crosses the bridge, so that the suspended tube is submerged in water, and the raw water is sucked up from the water by a pump or the like. The raw water is collected from the tube tip by the sampling mechanism. Since the device is small, the drive device is small, and since the sample water is small, the pump of the sampling mechanism can be reduced in capacity and size, so that the installation of the device is facilitated and the introduction cost and the operation cost can be reduced.
[0028]
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring apparatus for explaining an embodiment when a pump is installed in a river.
In FIG. 3, a pump 112 is provided in the river, the river water 361 is sucked and discharged from the nozzle 113 to form a water flow 114, which is sent into the water receiving tank 22 via the air. The water receiving tank 22 is provided with a trough 229, and an upward water flow 114 is applied to the trough 229 and taken into the water receiving tank 22. River water taken into the water receiving tank 22 may be drained as a double bottom as in the example of FIG. Needless to say, the water may be renewed by overflowing the water receiving tank 22 without providing a drainage mechanism. In addition, a plurality of pumps are provided in the river, and the water quality monitoring device 1 is moved to receive the water flow from the pumps in the water receiving tank 22 and perform measurement. The drainage river water in the water receiving tank 22 is supplied to the water quality monitoring apparatus 1 through the water sampling tube 226 by the pump 111. Further, the drainage discharged from the water quality monitoring device 1 is drained via the drainage tube 228 to the water receiving tank 22 or a drainage facility (not shown) (such as a sewer pipe, drainage ditch, and storage tank).
[0029]
According to this embodiment, water sampling can be performed without hanging a tube on the river, so that the water sampling position does not shift due to the flow of the river. In addition, there is no measurement interruption due to tube breakage. In addition, a float and a liquid level sensor are not required, the apparatus is simplified, the cost is reduced, and maintenance is facilitated.
[0030]
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring apparatus for explaining an embodiment in which a plurality of pumps are provided in a river, and river water is sequentially guided from each pump to a water receiving tank and is sequentially measured by the water quality monitoring apparatus 1.
[0031]
In FIG. 4, according to the present embodiment, since the water quality monitoring device is not moved, it can be installed in a place where maintenance is easy. In addition, since no moving mechanism is required, the cost of the system is reduced, and maintenance is prepared. Moreover, since the river water can be measured at any point in the river, it is possible to prevent the pollutant from being overlooked due to the pollutant flowing unevenly in the river. In addition, it is easy to select water sampling points such as installing a pump at a location where pollutants tend to flow.
[0032]
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring apparatus for explaining an embodiment for performing filtering using ultrasonic atomization.
In FIG. 5, sample water 211 is supplied to the pretreatment unit 5 of the water quality monitoring device 1 by a pump 111 or the like from a water source such as a river or a water receiving tank that is pumped up and temporarily stored from the water source. Although the pre-processing part should just have a filter effect | action which removes the particle component contained in the sample water 211, in the present Example, it filters using the ultrasonic atomization which atomizes a liquid with an ultrasonic wave.
[0033]
The pretreatment unit 5 is configured to overflow the sample water 15 in the sample water storage unit 531 and maintain a constant water level. An ultrasonic transducer 52 is installed on the bottom of the sample water reservoir 531 toward the water surface. By energizing the ultrasonic transducer 52, the sample water 211 is atomized from the sample water surface facing the ultrasonic transducer 52.
[0034]
On the sample water storage part 531, a cylindrical atomization part container 53 surrounding the atomization area of the sample water 211 is provided. The atomizing section container 53 includes an outer cylinder 532 that covers the water surface, and an inner cylinder 533 that guides the fog generated in the atomization region. Further, a cylindrical collection container 54 is provided adjacent to the atomization container 53. The upper end of the side surface of the inner cylinder 533 of the atomizing unit container 53 and the upper end of the side surface of the collecting unit container 54 are connected by a passage 534. Further, the outer cylinder 532 of the atomizing section container 53 and the lower side surface of the collecting section container 54 are connected by a passage 535.
[0035]
Further, a rotation shaft 561 of a motor 56 provided on the collection unit container 54 is provided so as to protrude through the upper surface of the collection unit container 54 into the collection unit container 54. A blade row 57 composed of one or more blades is installed on the rotation shaft 561 in the collection container 54. The wing includes a support ring 571 and a plurality of blades 572. The blade 572 has a fixed mounting angle on the outer periphery of the support ring 571 with respect to a plane perpendicular to the rotation shaft 561 of the motor 56. The blade row 57 is rotated by the motor 56 to form a flow as indicated by an arrow in the figure that circulates from the collection unit container 54 to the atomization unit container 53, and is thereby atomized by the ultrasonic transducer 52. The sample water 211 that has entered the inner container 53 reaches the collecting section container 54, is collected and dropped by colliding with the blade row 57 and the wall of the collecting section container 54, and is regenerated as the filtrate 212. The lower part of the collecting section container 54 has a funnel shape, and a sub-flow channel 772 connected to the analyzer 40 on the downstream side comes out and can be divided by a detachable connector 401.
[0036]
In addition, a coil-shaped heater 59 is installed so as to surround a portion from the ultrasonic transducer 52 in the sample water storage unit 531 to the atomization region. When the sample water 211 is atomized by the ultrasonic vibrator 52, the temperature of the sample water 211 is detected by a temperature sensor provided in the sample water storage unit 531. An electric current is passed and the sample water 211 is warmed. Thereby, reliable atomization can be performed even in the low-temperature sample water 211.
[0037]
Due to the rotation of the motor 56, the blade row 57 attached to the rotating shaft 561 rotates, and the sample water (mist particles) atomized in the atomizing section container 53 passes from the inner cylinder 533 through the passage 534 into the collecting section container 54. Led to. The mist particles come into contact with the blade row 57 and the wall surface rotating at high speed in the collecting unit container 54 and are dropped on the lower part of the collecting unit container to become the filtrate 212. Since the mist particles atomized by the ultrasonic vibrator 52 have a size of several microns, particles larger than the mist particles among the particles contained in the sample water 211 reach the collection container 54 without being atomized. do not do. As a result, particles larger than the fog particles are separated from the sample water 211 and are not included in the filtrate 212. Therefore, this apparatus has a high-performance filter function.
[0038]
According to this embodiment, since the flow path such as a tube for supplying the sample water 211 is not connected to the pretreatment unit, the water quality monitoring device can be easily moved.
[0039]
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring apparatus for explaining an example of analyzing a sample solution collected on site.
In FIG. 6, the pretreatment device 5 and the analysis device 40 can be easily attached and detached by the connector 401, so that the sample collected without carrying the pretreatment device 5 and having a small size and light weight only by the analysis device 40 is collected. The portable attachment 50 to be received is attached, and it is possible to analyze the sample solution 211 (particles removed with filter paper or the like) collected on the site by hand. Further, the communication unit transmission unit can be connected to a portable IT device such as a cellular phone, and the measured data is transmitted. Thereby, it becomes possible to cope with the measurement at a point closer to the pollution occurrence place. Furthermore, only the portable unit can be removed and replaced at the time of device failure or maintenance inspection, and maintenance can be performed collectively at a production site such as a factory, and maintenance management becomes easy.
Note that the power of the filtration unit 5 may be supplied from the analyzer 40 via a connector (not shown).
[0040]
Next, an example of the analysis unit of the analyzer of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. First, the overall configuration of the analysis unit of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of the analysis unit of the present embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.
10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.
11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG.
In each figure, an analysis unit 401 includes a fluid drive unit 8 that sends a sample solution, a reagent, a standard solution, and a cleaning solution, and an analysis channel 72 that mixes and reacts the sample solution and the reagent sent by the fluid drive unit 8. And a detection unit that detects the state of the reaction solution that has reacted in the analysis flow path 72.
[0041]
The above-described mixing reaction part is constituted by a microcell 7. The front surface of the microcell 7 has a horizontally long rectangular shape, and has a three-layer structure including a flat transparent cover glass 711, a silicon substrate 712, and a support glass 713. The glasses 711 and 713 and the silicon substrate 712 are tightly bonded by anodic bonding or the like. A groove for constituting the analysis flow path 72 is dug in the silicon substrate 712 from one surface (hereinafter referred to as the surface) by anisotropic etching. A cover glass 711 is bonded to the silicon substrate 712 so as to close the opening surface of the groove, and the groove is configured as the analysis flow path 72.
[0042]
The analysis flow path 72 includes a mixing flow path 722, a detection flow path 721, a communication flow path 723, and a storage flow path 724. The mixing channel 722, the detection channel 721 and the storage channel 724 are formed so as to extend along the longitudinal direction of the microcell 7. The mixing channel 722 is formed at the center in the vertical direction of the microcell 7. The detection flow path 721 and the storage flow path 724 are arranged in parallel on the upper and lower sides of the mixing flow path 722.
The communication channel 723 is formed to extend vertically so as to communicate the detection channel 721 and the storage channel 724.
[0043]
The reagent injection holes 733 to 735 are formed by etching a large number of micro holes from the opposite side (hereinafter referred to as the back surface) of the etched surface of the silicon substrate 712. As a result, the reagent injection holes 733 to 735 can eject the reagent from the back surface side to the analysis channel side through the micro holes. The width of the analysis channel 72 is usually about 1 mm, and about 100 micropores in the reagent injection hole portion are arranged as square holes of several tens of μm. Since a large number of very small holes are arranged in this manner, the reagent ejected from the reagent injection holes 733, 734, and 735 is rapidly diffused and mixed with the sample liquid filling the analysis channel 72 in a few seconds.
[0044]
The analysis channel 72 has an intake / exhaust hole 731 on one side and a working fluid hole 737 on the other side. Specifically, the intake / exhaust hole 731 is formed at the end of the mixing channel 722 (this is the most upstream for convenience), and the hydraulic fluid hole 737 is formed at the end of the accumulating channel 724 (here For the sake of convenience). A standard liquid hole 732, a second reagent injection reagent injection hole 733, a first reagent injection hole 734, a third reagent injection hole 735, and a cleaning liquid hole 736 are formed between the suction / exhaust hole 731 and the working liquid hole 737. Yes.
[0045]
In the mixing channel 722 which is a part of the analysis channel 72, a standard solution hole 732, a second reagent injection hole 733, and a first reagent injection hole 734 are sequentially provided from the suction / exhaust hole 731 side by etching. The standard liquid hole 732 is formed by etching from the back surface of the silicon substrate 712 through a single hole having a width of about the flow path width, and a corresponding through hole is also formed in the portion of the support glass 713. A standard liquid driver 84 is connected to the standard liquid hole 732. The standard liquid drive unit 84 includes a pump 84a and valves 84b on both sides thereof. A standard liquid tank 84c is connected to the other side of the standard liquid drive unit 84. The standard solution tank 84c stores pure water as a standard solution.
[0046]
A second reagent driving unit 82 is connected to the second reagent injection hole 733 of the mixing channel 722. The second reagent driving unit 82 includes a pump 82a and valves 82b on both sides thereof. A second reagent tank 82 c is connected to the other side of the second reagent driving unit 52. The second reagent is stored in the second reagent tank 82c.
[0047]
A first reagent driving unit 81 is connected to the first reagent injection hole 734 of the mixing channel 722. The first reagent driving unit 81 includes a pump 81a and valves 81b on both sides thereof. A first reagent tank 81 c is connected to the other side of the first reagent driving unit 81. The first reagent is stored in the first reagent tank 81c.
[0048]
The analysis flow path 72 bent 90 ° downstream of the first reagent injection hole 734 is further bent 90 ° twice downstream. Between the latter two bent portions, there is a detection flow path 721 through which light passes. Light 753 emitted from the light source 751 is reflected by the side wall at one end of the detection channel 721, passes through the detection channel 721, is reflected by the side wall at the other end, and reaches the optical sensor 752. When the light source 751 is a diffused light source such as an LED, a part of the light is reflected by the side wall and then reaches the other end while reflecting the inner surface of the flow channel several times. It is desirable to form the reflective film by vapor deposition or sputtering. Note that the light source 751 and the optical sensor 752 constitute a detection unit for detecting the state of the reaction solution.
[0049]
A third reagent injection hole 735 is provided in the lower part of the communication channel 723 that extends vertically on the downstream side of the detection channel 721. The analysis flow path 72 is further bent by 90 ° on the downstream side of the third reagent injection hole 735 to become a storage flow path 724. A cleaning liquid hole 736 and a working liquid hole 737 having the same structure as the standard liquid hole 732 are provided on the downstream side of the accumulation channel 724.
[0050]
A third reagent driving unit 83 is connected to the third reagent injection hole 735 of the communication channel 723. The third reagent driving unit 83 includes a pump 83a and valves 83b on both sides thereof. A third reagent tank 83 c is connected to the other side of the third reagent driving unit 83. The third reagent is stored in the third reagent tank 83c.
[0051]
A cleaning liquid driving unit 86 is connected to the cleaning liquid hole 736 of the storage channel 724. The cleaning liquid driving unit 86 includes a pump 86a and valves 86b on both sides thereof. A cleaning liquid tank 86 c is connected to the other side of the cleaning liquid driving unit 86. A cleaning liquid is stored in the cleaning liquid tank 86c.
[0052]
A hydraulic fluid driving unit 85 is connected to the hydraulic fluid hole 737 of the storage channel 724. The hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 includes a pump 85a and valves 85b on both sides thereof. A hydraulic fluid tank 85 c is connected to the other side of the hydraulic fluid driving unit 85. The working fluid tank 85c stores pure water as the working fluid.
[0053]
Further, the support glass 713 does not exist on the back surface of the detection flow path 721 portion of the silicon substrate 712, and is provided only on the bottom surface of the silicon substrate 712. A heater 75 is provided on the back surface of the detection flow path 721 portion of the silicon substrate 712. As the heater 75, a heater obtained by depositing or sputtering a metal film on the exposed silicon substrate 712 is provided, or a heater in the form of a film is adhered.
[0054]
A long hole 74 is formed in the silicon substrate 712 between the detection channel 721 and the mixing channel 722 by etching. The elongated hole 74 is formed to extend along the mixing channel 722. A heater 75 is disposed above the elongated hole 74, and a support glass 713 is disposed below the heater 75. With this configuration, the long holes 74 can prevent the heat of the heater 75 from escaping through the silicon substrate 712 having a higher thermal conductivity than that of glass.
[0055]
In the example of FIG. 7, the analysis flow path 72 formed by anisotropic etching has a width of about 1 mm, a depth of about 0.3 mm, and a length of about 100 mm. Therefore, the volume of the analysis channel 72 is as small as about 30 μL, and not only the amount of the sample solution and the reagent used is small, but also the power for heating and reacting the mixed solution of the sample solution and the reagent is small. You can do it.
[0056]
Next, the measurement operation according to this embodiment will be described.
[0057]
In this analysis unit, the standard solution calibration operation (also referred to as 0 measurement) performs the operation of mixing and heating the reagent to the standard solution in which the chemical component to be measured does not exist in the same manner as the sample solution measurement. The amount of light 753 transmitted through the detector when the chemical component concentration is 0 is obtained. Next, by the sample solution measurement operation, the sample solution is introduced to measure the sample solution, and the amount of light 753 transmitted through the detection portion in the sample solution is obtained.
[0058]
FIG. 12 is a calibration curve graph showing the concentrations of chemical components contained in the sample solution.
In FIG. 12, the absorbance is obtained from the ratio of the two permeation amounts, and the concentration of the chemical component contained in the sample solution is obtained in light of the previously measured calibration curve shown in FIG.
[0059]
The standard solution calibration operation will be described below. First, the first reagent driving unit 81, the second reagent driving unit 82, the standard solution driving unit 84, and the working fluid driving unit 85 are operated to mix the first reagent, the second reagent, and the standard solution, and thereby the first mixed solution. Is generated.
[0060]
Here, the hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 is an inhalation operation, and the first reagent drive unit 81, the second reagent drive unit 82, and the standard solution drive unit 84 are injection operations. Qd is the flow rate of the working fluid, Q1 is the flow rate of the first reagent, Q2 is the flow rate of the second reagent, Qr is the flow rate of the standard solution, and Qs is the flow rate of the inflow or outflow through the intake / exhaust hole 731 caused by the flow of these fluids. Then (the value of the flow rate is positive for the inflow to the microcell 7 and negative for the outflow from the microcell 7), since the volume in the microcell 7 is constant, the following equation (11) is established.
[0061]
Q1 + Q2 + Qr + Qd + Qs = 0 (11)
When the flow rate Qs is obtained from this equation (1), the following equation (12) is obtained.
[0062]
Qs = − (Q1 + Q2 + Qr + Qd) (12)
In the case of 0 measurement, since it is not desirable that the sample liquid is introduced from the suction / exhaust hole 731, the flow rate Qs at the intake / exhaust hole 731 is set to satisfy Qs ≦ 0. In this case, since it is difficult to actually ensure Qs = 0, it is desirable to set so that a part of the standard solution flows to the suction / exhaust hole 731 side. Therefore, the flow rate QR of the standard solution to the reagent injection hole at this time is obtained by the following equation (13).
[0063]
QR = Qr + Qs = − (Q1 + Q2 + Qd) (13)
As is apparent from the equation (3), the first reagent, the second reagent, and the standard solution are mixed at a mixing ratio of Q1: Q2: QR to generate the first mixed solution. Here, the mixing ratio is set so as to correspond to a specified mixing ratio at which the reaction between the chemical component and each reagent is sufficiently performed. Each drive unit 81, 82, 84, 85 is stopped when the leading end of the first mixed solution composed of the first reagent, the second reagent, and the standard solution having the above relation reaches the third reagent injection hole 735 on the downstream side. To do.
[0064]
Next, an electric current is passed through a heater 75 provided corresponding to the detection flow path 721 to heat the first mixed liquid in the detection flow path 721 to a predetermined temperature and hold this temperature for a predetermined time. Thereby, in the first mixed liquid, the first reagent and the second reagent react with the chemical components of the sample liquid, and the first mixed liquid changes to the first reaction liquid.
[0065]
Next, the third reagent driving unit 83 and the hydraulic fluid driving unit 85 are operated to mix the first reaction liquid and the third reagent to generate the second mixed liquid. Here, the hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 is an inhalation operation, and the third reagent drive unit 83 is an injection operation. Assuming that the flow rate of the working fluid is Qd and the flow rate of the third reagent is Q3, the following equation (14) is satisfied.
[0066]
| Q3 | ≦ | Qd | (14)
Here, Q3 and Q3 + Qd (flow rate of the first reaction liquid) are set so as to correspond to a prescribed mixing ratio at which the reaction between the target chemical component and each reagent is sufficiently performed. Further, each drive unit is stopped when the tip of the second mixed liquid composed of the first reaction liquid and the third reagent reaches the downstream working liquid hole 737.
[0067]
Next, the hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 is set to a discharge operation, and after the discharge amount is returned by the suction amount when the second mixed liquid is formed first, the hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 is stopped. Thereby, the 2nd liquid mixture which reached the innermost part in the microcell 7 flows backward to the detection flow path 721 side.
[0068]
Next, an electric current is passed through the heater 75 corresponding to the detection flow path 721 to heat the second mixed liquid in the detection flow path 721 to a predetermined temperature and hold this temperature for a predetermined time. Thereby, in the 2nd liquid mixture, the 3rd reagent reacts with the chemical component of the 1st reaction liquid, and the 2nd liquid mixture changes to the 2nd reaction liquid. The amount of transmitted light of the second reaction liquid obtained by the above operation is measured.
This measurement is performed by the light detection unit including the light source 751 and the optical sensor 752 described above. The first reaction liquid and the third reagent may be mixed by injecting the third reagent driving unit 83 during the reverse flow.
[0069]
Next, the hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 is discharged to discharge waste water such as a reaction liquid in the microcell 7 from the most upstream intake / exhaust hole 731. In this way, zero measurement is completed.
[0070]
Subsequently, the sample solution measurement operation will be described. First, the first reagent driving unit 81, the second reagent driving unit 82, and the hydraulic fluid driving unit 85 are operated to mix the first reagent, the second reagent, and the sample liquid, thereby generating a first mixed liquid. The hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 performs an inhalation operation, and the first reagent drive unit 81 and the second reagent drive unit 82 perform an injection operation.
[0071]
Here, when the flow rate of the working fluid is Qd, the flow rate of the first reagent is Q1, and the flow rate of the second reagent is Q2, the flow rate Qs of the sample liquid sucked into the microcell 7 from the suction / exhaust hole 731 is expressed by the following formula ( 15).
[0072]
Qs =-(Q1 + Q2 + Qd) (15)
Here, Q1: Q2: Qs is made to coincide with the mixing ratio Q1: Q2: QR in the standard solution described above. As a result, the sample liquid is sucked from the intake / exhaust hole 731 and mixed with the second reagent and the first reagent ejected from the second reagent injection hole 733 and the first reagent injection hole 734 to generate the first mixed liquid. When the leading end of the first mixed solution composed of the first reagent, the second reagent, and the sample solution reaches the third reagent injection hole 735 on the downstream side, the driving units 81, 82, and 85 are stopped.
[0073]
Next, an electric current is passed through a heater 75 provided corresponding to the detection flow path 721 to heat the first mixed liquid in the detection flow path 721 to a predetermined temperature and hold this temperature for a predetermined time. Thereby, in the first mixed liquid, the first reagent and the second reagent react with the chemical components of the sample liquid, and the first mixed liquid changes to the first reaction liquid.
[0074]
Next, the third reagent driving unit 83 and the hydraulic fluid driving unit 85 are operated to mix the first reaction liquid and the third reagent to generate the second mixed liquid. Here, the hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 is an inhalation operation, and the third reagent drive unit 83 is an injection operation. Assuming that the flow rate of the hydraulic fluid is Qd and the flow rate of the third reagent is Q3 (the flow rate value is positive for injection into the microcell and negative for suction from the microcell), the following equation (16) is satisfied. Set to.
[0075]
| Q3 | ≦ | Qd | (16)
When the tip of the second mixed liquid composed of the first reaction liquid and the third reagent reaches the downstream working liquid hole 737, each drive unit is stopped.
[0076]
Next, after the hydraulic fluid driving unit 85 is discharged and discharged by the suction amount when the second mixed liquid is formed first, the hydraulic fluid driving unit 85 is stopped. As a result, the second liquid mixture reaching the innermost part in the microcell 7 flows backward to the detection flow path 721 side. The first reaction liquid and the third reagent may be mixed by injecting the third reagent driving unit 83 during the reverse flow.
[0077]
Next, an electric current is passed through the heater 75 corresponding to the detection flow path 721 to heat the second mixed liquid in the detection flow path 721 to a predetermined temperature and hold this temperature for a predetermined time. As a result, in the second mixed solution, the third reagent reacts with the chemical component of the sample solution, and the second mixed solution changes to the second reaction solution and develops color. The amount of transmitted light of the second reaction solution colored by the above operation is measured. This measurement is performed by the light detection unit including the light source 751 and the optical sensor 752 described above.
[0078]
Next, the hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 is discharged to discharge waste water such as a reaction liquid in the microcell 7 from the most upstream intake / exhaust hole 731. In this way, the measurement of the sample solution is completed.
[0079]
The above standard solution calibration operation and sample solution measurement operation are taken as one cycle, and subsequent measurements are performed. In this example, two reagents were used for the first reaction and one reagent was used for the second reaction. However, when the number of reagents differs depending on the target chemical component, the number of reagent injection holes is increased or decreased. Alternatively, this can be dealt with by providing a sufficient number of reagent injection holes and changing the number of operating reagent injection holes. Further, the heating operation may be omitted for reactions that do not require heating.
[0080]
According to the present embodiment, since the reagent injection holes 733 to 735 are provided before and after the detection channel 721, water quality analysis such as cyan which requires a two-step reaction can be performed. Further, since the mixed liquid can be heated by the heater 75, the reaction time of the reagent can be shortened and the measurement time can be shortened. Further, since the sample liquid does not reach the external hydraulic fluid driving unit 85 from the inside of the microcell 7, the flow path leading to the hydraulic fluid driving unit 85 and the pump 85a and the valve 85b constituting the hydraulic fluid driving unit 85 are contaminated. The device is more reliable and the maintenance cost can be saved.
[0081]
The feature of the present embodiment will be described more specifically. The fluid driving unit 8 supplies the working fluid into the analysis channel 72 and absorbs the liquid in the analysis channel 72. And reagent drive parts 81 and 82 for feeding the reagent to the analysis flow path 72. The analysis flow path 72 has an intake / exhaust hole 731 connected to the sample liquid on one side, and a working liquid drive part 85. Forming a hydraulic fluid hole 737 connected to the other side, and forming reagent injection holes 733, 734 located between the suction / exhaust hole 731 and the hydraulic fluid hole 737 and connected to the reagent driving units 81, 82; Located on the hydraulic fluid hole 737 side from the reagent injection holes 733 and 734,
A reaction liquid detection channel 72 is formed. With this configuration, by operating the hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 and the reagent drive units 81 and 82, the sample liquid is introduced into the analysis channel 72 from the suction / exhaust hole 731, and the reagent is analyzed from the reagent injection holes 733 and 734. The sample liquid and the reagent are mixed and reacted, and the state of the reaction liquid can be detected by the detection channel 721. In addition, these operations can be performed only by changing the positions of the reagent liquid holes 733 and 734 and the detection flow path 721 as compared with the prior art, and the sample is transferred from the microcell 7 to the external working liquid drive unit 85. The liquid or reaction liquid can be carried out without being fed. Therefore, the liquid supply of the sample liquid and the reaction liquid is stopped in the microcell 7 and the size can be reduced, and the working liquid drive unit 85 is not contaminated with the sample liquid and the reaction liquid, so that maintenance is unnecessary for a long time. can do.
[0082]
The analysis channel 72 of the microcell 7 has an intake / exhaust hole 731 connected to the sample liquid on one side and an operating liquid hole 737 connected to the operating liquid driving unit 85 on the other side, and the intake / exhaust hole A plurality of reagent injection holes located between 731 and the working liquid hole 737 and connected to the reagent driving unit are formed, and a reaction liquid detection flow path 721 is formed between the plurality of reagent injection holes. The sample liquid is fed from the suction / exhaust hole 731 to the analysis flow path 72 by operating the hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 and the reagent drive units 81 and 82 on the intake / exhaust hole 731 side, and the reagent injection hole 733 on the intake / exhaust hole 731 side. The reagent is fed from the flow channel 734 to the analysis flow path 72, the reagent and the sample liquid are mixed and reacted, and the detection liquid is further activated by operating the hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 and the reagent drive unit 83 on the hydraulic fluid hole 737 side. The reaction solution in the channel 721 is on the hydraulic fluid hole 737 side. The reagent is fed through the medicine injection hole 435 and the reagent is sent from the third reagent injection hole 735 on the working liquid hole 737 side to the analysis flow path 72 to mix the reagent and the reaction liquid. By operating the drive unit 85 in the reverse direction, the mixed liquid is returned to the detection flow path 721 to be reacted, and the state of the reaction liquid can be detected by the detection flow path 721. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size by sharing a plurality of reaction parts in the same detection channel 721, and to analyze a chemical component that requires a plurality of reactions to be performed using a plurality of reagents.
[0083]
In addition, the detection flow path 721 is formed between the plurality of reagent injection holes 733, 734 and 735, and the heater 75 is provided only in the portion corresponding to the detection flow path 721 of the microcell 7, so that a plurality of detection flows The heater 75 can be made smaller and less expensive than the one in which the flow path 721 is formed and the heater 75 is provided for each.
[0084]
Further, a detection flow path 721 is formed between the plurality of reagent injection holes 733, 734, and 735, and a storage flow path 724 is further formed on the hydraulic fluid hole 737 side than the third reagent injection hole 735 on the hydraulic fluid hole 737 side. Therefore, a plurality of reactions can be performed using a plurality of reagents, and the detection channel 721 can be shared, and the third reagent injection hole 735 on the hydraulic fluid hole 737 side can be obtained. Therefore, the storage channel 724 can secure a channel through which the reagent is fed to the analysis channel 72 and mixed with the reaction solution, and the mixed solution can be prevented from being fed to the hydraulic fluid drive unit 85 during operation.
[0085]
The analysis channel 72 of the microcell 7 includes a mixing channel 722, a detection channel 721, and a storage channel 724 in which the suction / discharge holes 731 and the reagent injection holes 733 and 734 are formed along the longitudinal direction of the microcell 4. Since the detection flow path 721 and the storage flow path 724 are arranged in parallel on both sides of the mixing flow path 722, the mixing flow path 722 and the detection flow path 721 are formed with a small microcell 7. The storage channel 724 can have a necessary length, and a plurality of reagent injection holes 733 to 735 and a working fluid hole 737 can be arranged on one side with respect to the detection channel 721, and the entire space The factor can be made good.
[0086]
In addition, reagent injection holes 733 and 734 that are located between the suction / exhaust hole 731 and the hydraulic fluid hole 737 and are connected to the reagent driving units 81 and 82 are formed, and the hydraulic fluid hole 737 side from the reagent injection holes 733 and 734 is formed. Since the reaction liquid detection channel 721 is located and the standard liquid hole 732 is formed which is located on the suction / exhaust hole 731 side from the reagent injection holes 733 and 734 and connected to the standard liquid drive unit 84, The liquid drive unit 85, the reagent drive units 81 and 82, and the standard solution drive unit 84 are operated to perform a reference measurement with a standard solution, and then a measurement with a sample solution and a chemical component compared with the reference measurement result These operations can be performed without feeding the sample liquid or the reaction liquid to the working liquid driving unit 85. As a result, high-precision analysis can be performed without maintenance over a long period of time.
[0087]
In addition, the microcell 7 forms an analysis flow path 72 with a silicon substrate 712 having an anisotropically etched groove and a transparent cover glass 712, and the reagent injection holes 733 to 735 are reagent injection holes made up of a large number of fine holes. Since it is formed, an extremely small microcell 7 can be obtained.
[0088]
13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in FIG.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an essential part of an analyzer equipped with an embodiment of the present invention.
In each figure, the microcell 7 is mounted on a flow path block 77. The flow path block 77 forms a three-dimensional flow path by an optical modeling technique using an ultraviolet curable resin or the like, and a plurality of microcells 7 are juxtaposed on the same surface side. One end of this three-dimensional channel (not shown) is connected to reagent injection holes 733 to 735 and holes 732, 736 and 737 provided in the microcell 7, and the other end is connected to the microcell 7 on the surface of the channel block 77. It is opened in a vacant space where it is not installed. The valve of each external drive part etc. are connected to this opening.
[0089]
Further, a sample liquid passage 771 is provided in the flow path block 77 so as to pass directly under the intake / exhaust hole 731 of each microcell 7. The sample liquid passage 771 is formed in a straight line through the flow path block 77 and connected to the intake / exhaust hole 731 of the microcell 7. When a plurality of microcells are mounted as in this embodiment, the microcells 7 are aligned along the sample liquid passages 771, and the intake / exhaust holes 731 of each microcell 7 are connected to the sample liquid passages 771. Further, one side of the sample liquid passage 771 is supplied with the filtrate 212 through the connector 401 from the filtration device shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 (if the sample liquid is clear, it is not necessary to perform filtration). Needless to say that is good). The other side of the sample solution passage 771 is connected to the drainage side. A heater 773 is installed in the vicinity of the front end of the sub-channel 772 (portion close to the channel block 77). The heater 773 is for heating and degassing of the sample liquid, and the sample liquid degassed by heating the sample liquid with the heater 773 is supplied to the microcell 7.
[0090]
According to the present embodiment, the sample liquid can be supplied to the plurality of microcells 7 through the single sample liquid passage 771 formed in one flow path block 77. In addition, a valve of an external drive unit or the like can be connected through a three-dimensional channel formed in one channel block 77. Thereby, the structure of an analysis part can be simplified.
[0091]
FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a monitoring system of the present invention.
In FIG. 15, from the image of the river water surface sent to the water quality monitoring center 91 from the monitoring camera 90 installed in the river etc., the number, size, and movement of the water surface and underwater objects (referred to as suspended matter 92) at regular intervals. (Speed, direction, direction change) is measured by image processing, and the trend of each data is recorded. If the floating object 92 has a size of several centimeters to several tens of centimeters as a fish candidate object, and if a movement against the water is detected among the fish candidate objects, such as going upstream, it is classified as a raw fish. Also, compare the change frequency of movement with the movement pattern of fish bred in aquarium or the like and the movement pattern recorded in the past by the monitoring system to determine whether it is abnormal behavior and if there is abnormal behavior, If there is no abnormal behavior, classify as normal fish.
[0092]
In the case of movement according to water, if it is similar to a fish, judging from the outer shape and color, the movement is classified as a dead fish. Other objects are classified as general suspended matters. Further, the detected objects classified into each are enlarged and imaged and recorded by a telephoto lens (not shown) and a monitoring camera 93 that can be enlarged and traced by a drive mechanism 931. If the number of abnormal fish or dead fish detected within a certain time exceeds the set number, an alarm is issued. At this time, if the operator is present, the operator finally determines whether the fish is actually a fish by looking at the image-recorded abnormal fish and the temporarily killed fish displayed on the monitor screen.
[0093]
When this determination is input to the system by the input means, the system sends a warning to the terminals of each related organization together with the location, the number of suspended objects, and the like. It is also possible to provide a pond-like place where river water is drawn on the river bank, etc., partition the entrance and exit of the pond with a net, and monitor the fish by installing a surveillance camera in the pond. According to the present embodiment, the fish in the river can be monitored directly, so that an abnormality can be detected early. In addition, management such as feeding and cleaning necessary for rearing in an aquarium is not required.
[0094]
In addition, when an abnormality is discovered in the monitoring system, the frequency of water quality monitoring devices existing in the basin including the abnormal location is increased, and past water quality information from each water quality monitoring device is called in, and the water quality at each measurement point is If the correlation between data trends is calculated and it is recognized that the change is from the upstream measurement point to the downstream measurement point, it is assumed that there is an accident point upstream from the most upstream measurement point. Report to the relevant department. In addition, when a changed water quality item can be identified, the frequency is further increased for the item, and the measurement frequency is decreased to a normal frequency or less for an unrelated water quality item. This speeds up the determination of the accident point.
[0095]
In the conventional method for identifying the pollutant inflow point, for example, when the pollutant temporarily flows in and immediately spreads evenly across the river cross section, the time elapses from the time when the pollutant flows. Sometimes, the concentration C (x, t) (mg / L) of the pollutant at the flow distance x (m) from the place where it flows is
[Expression 1]

It becomes. Where u: typical flow velocity (m) in the calculation interval, D _x : Diffusion coefficient (m2 / s), C ₀ : Sewage concentration (mg / L), Q ₀ : Sewage inflow (L). Although this formula predicts pollution expansion, it actually simplifies the actual river condition and does not reflect the river condition as it is, so it actually measures the water quality and corrects the prediction. Yes. Further, for example, as shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-256665, since water quality measurement / calculation is performed after the contamination is discovered, there is a fear that a quick response cannot be performed.
[0096]
In this embodiment, a method for estimating the occurrence time / location when a pollutant is first confirmed by a water quality monitoring device will be described. Assume that pollutants have been confirmed by multiple water quality monitoring devices installed upstream and downstream of a river. At this time, a cross-correlation between pollutant concentration data trends from a plurality of water quality monitoring devices is taken, and a time difference between each trend is obtained. Next, the time difference of each trend (refer to FIG. 16, hereinafter, considered as a set of trends 941 and 942)
b = (t2-t1) (Equation 2)
And t2 and t2 match the peaks of the two trends (t1 and t2 represent the time when the pollutant was detected by the water quality monitoring device when the pollutant inflow time is 0. Absolute time when the pollutant flows in Is unknown). Furthermore, the time interval of one trend is set to a1 times the actual time interval. Usually, since the trend spreads by diffusion on the downstream side, the time interval on the downstream side is narrowed (0 <a1 <1). Thereafter, the cross-correlation between the two data is taken, and when the correlation becomes large, the time interval is further increased by a2 (0 <a2 <a1). When the correlation becomes small, the time interval is set to a2 (a1 <a2 <1). The above is repeated, and the operation is stopped when the cross-correlation change exceeds the set value for the nth time. It is assumed that the time change of the trend follows (Equation 1).
The numerator of the term in exp in (Expression 1) is symmetric around t = x / u even if time changes, but the denominator increases in proportion to the increase in t. Therefore, if the time interval is t2 / t1, it is considered that the shapes of the two trends coincide and the cross-correlation is maximized. Therefore,
an = t2 / t1 (Equation 3)
Thus, t2 and t1 can be obtained from (Equation 2) and (Equation 3). Since the actual time corresponding to t2 and t1 is clear, the actual time of pollutant inflow can be determined. If there are three or more data from the water quality monitoring device, multiple results will be obtained, but the average of these or the range where (Equation 1) seems to hold well (the range where there is little meandering rivers or inflows of other rivers) Select the data set. On the other hand, for the pollutant and the inflow location, the flow velocity u of the river is obtained from the flow velocity obtained by a current meter installed near the water quality monitoring device or the data confirmed by running a tracer in advance. The distance from the water quality monitoring device is obtained by multiplying the flow velocity of this river by the time t1 or t2 obtained previously, and the pollutant inflow point is estimated. In addition, this data is sent to each related organization to confirm the site.
[0097]
According to this embodiment, since the water quality monitoring device can simultaneously detect and measure the contamination, it is possible to estimate the inflow of the pollutant at an early stage and prevent the spread of the contamination.
[0098]
In addition, when there is no water quality monitoring device in the river, there is no report from the pollution source, and when the inflow of pollutants is estimated due to the drowning of fish, etc., the abnormality occurrence point and the upstream and downstream sides of the abnormality occurrence point Temporarily install an on-board or portable water quality monitoring device as a water quality monitoring point. Data from these water quality measurement points is transmitted to the water quality monitoring center, and the pollutant inflow point is estimated by the correlation analysis as described above. Under normal circumstances, these monitoring systems circulate and measure certain measurement points, accumulate water quality data, understand the situation of water quality deterioration, and gather at the time of abnormalities and take measurements (excluding abnormal basins) Basin equipment and personnel can also be supported).
[0099]
According to this embodiment, since the water quality monitoring system can be operated in a plurality of rivers, the cost of equipment and personnel can be reduced.
[0100]
In addition to toxic substances such as cyan, environmental pollutants such as phosphorus and nitrogen can also be used to estimate specific pollutant inflow locations. Environmental pollutants such as phosphorus and nitrogen will not cause fish and other aquatic organisms to die immediately unless they are at very high concentrations. Therefore, the method is more effective because it is not found due to moribund fish. In addition, if a polluted material inflow location is estimated, it is possible to conduct a water quality inspection of the drainage of the relevant business around the estimated location, specify the emission source, and instruct purification measures.
[0101]
In addition, contamination by surface sources such as cultivated land can be estimated from seasonal changes such as an increase in pollutants during the fertilizer application period and the absence of clear fluctuations in a short period.
Moreover, the contamination by household wastewater etc. can be estimated from the fact that changes in the daily cycle corresponding to the activities of the human daily cycle are observed. From these data that can be regarded as surface sources, it is possible to propose and plan the installation of sewage treatment plants in each basin.
[0102]
In addition, when pollutants are continuously discharged by the operator, no clear peak is observed, but deterioration of water quality is observed at the water quality measurement point downstream from the point where the wastewater from the operator flows. . In addition, information such as improvement in water quality can be obtained on the days of operation suspension such as holidays. If continuous discharge from the operator is estimated from these information, water quality is measured upstream from the measurement point where contamination was confirmed by the on-board or portable water quality monitoring device. In this case, the water quality gradually deteriorates toward the contamination inflow site. Since the water quality suddenly improves after passing the contamination inflow point, look for points where the water quality suddenly improves. If a pollutant inflow location is estimated due to an abnormality, conduct a water quality test on the wastewater around the estimated location, identify the source of discharge, and instruct purification measures.
[0103]
In this case, the location can be specified more accurately by loading a water quality monitoring device on a ship and continuously measuring the water quality. If the analyzer is small, the ship to be loaded can be small, and observation in a small river becomes easy.
[0104]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, detailed and quick detection of water pollution can be performed with a small water quality monitoring device, so that countermeasures in the event of a water quality accident can be made quickly, and water environment management and water quality management at a pollutant discharge establishment are easy. Water quality monitoring system.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring system provided with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring system provided with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring system provided with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring system provided with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring apparatus provided with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring apparatus provided with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of an analysis unit provided with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the microcell taken along the line AA.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the microcell taken along the line BB.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the microcell taken along the line CC.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the micro cell taken along the line DD.
FIG. 12 is a characteristic diagram of a calibration curve.
13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E in FIG. 14;
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an essential part of an analyzer equipped with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram of a water quality monitoring system provided with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a diagram representing processing steps comprising an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 .... Water quality monitoring device, 7 .... Microcell, 8 .... Pretreatment device, 20 .... Drain port, 21 ... Drainage, 22 .... Water tank, 31 ... Power supply, 32 ... Communication means, 33 ...・ Structure, 35 ・ ・ Movement mechanism, 40 ・ ・ Analyzer, 90, 93 ・ ・ Monitoring camera, 91 ・ ・ Water quality monitoring center, 941, 942 ・ ・ Trend.

Claims (10)

A drain outlet provided in a water area such as a river, a lake, or a marine area, a measuring means for continuously measuring the quality of the waste water discharged from the drain outlet, and a transmission means for transmitting water quality data from the measuring means to the outside A water quality monitoring system characterized by comprising. The water quality monitoring system according to claim 1,
A water quality monitoring system comprising means for notifying the water quality data to a water quality monitoring center or a business establishment that may discharge the wastewater to a drain outlet. A water quality monitoring device that measures the amount and quality of rainwater that falls on the site or road of a business establishment that may discharge wastewater to the drainage outlet, and a water quality that measures the quality of wastewater discharged from the drainage outlet of the establishment. A water quality monitoring system comprising: a monitoring device; and a calculation means for calculating water quality data from the water quality monitoring device and calculating a total amount of contaminants discharged from a business office or road. In the water quality monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
An intermediate tank for temporarily storing waste water, means for measuring the water quality by pumping up the waste water when the water level of the intermediate tank exceeds a certain level, and means for discharging the waste water of the intermediate tank Water quality monitoring system. A water quality monitoring device installed on a structure crossing the water area, a moving mechanism for moving the water quality monitoring device on the structure, a sample water supply mechanism for supplying sample water from the water area to the water quality monitoring device, and the water quality A water quality monitoring system comprising a transmission means for transmitting water quality data measured by a monitoring device to the outside. A pump provided in the water area, an intermediate tank for storing the sample water discharged from the pump, a water quality monitoring device for monitoring the quality of the sample water stored in the intermediate tank, and the water quality monitoring device. A water quality monitoring system comprising electrical means for transmitting water quality data to the outside. The water quality monitoring system according to claim 6,
The sample water filtration device, a water quality monitoring device provided with an analysis device for analyzing the quality of filtered water by the filtration device, and each connection portion for supplying the filtered water and power, and the connection portion A water quality monitoring system that is detachable. The water quality monitoring system according to claim 6,
A monitoring camera for monitoring the water area, and a detection means for detecting the size and movement of the floating substance in the image by performing image processing on the image obtained by the monitoring camera, from which the fish and other floating substances are detected. Water quality monitoring system characterized by sorting. A plurality of water quality monitoring devices installed in the river, a means for selecting two trends of concentration change from the water quality data from this water quality monitoring device, a means for determining the time interval between the trends by cross-correlation, and one trend Water quality monitoring characterized by comprising means for estimating the time of occurrence of contamination from the rate of reduction (expansion) of the time interval when the time interval of the time is changed to maximize the cross-correlation with the other trend system. The water quality monitoring system according to claim 9, wherein
A water quality monitoring system, wherein the pollution occurrence point is estimated by calculating the pollution occurrence time and flow data from a flow sensor installed in the river.

Images