JP2005019093A - Negative electrode material for nonaqueous secondary battery, its manufacturing method, and secondary battery using it - Google Patents

Negative electrode material for nonaqueous secondary battery, its manufacturing method, and secondary battery using it Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005019093A
JP2005019093A JP2003179898A JP2003179898A JP2005019093A JP 2005019093 A JP2005019093 A JP 2005019093A JP 2003179898 A JP2003179898 A JP 2003179898A JP 2003179898 A JP2003179898 A JP 2003179898A JP 2005019093 A JP2005019093 A JP 2005019093A
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Prior art keywords
negative electrode
electrode material
secondary battery
aqueous secondary
pitch
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JP2003179898A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Teruhiko Kusano
輝彦 草野
Kazuhiro Ogawa
和宏 小川
Satoshi Yamazaki
悟志 山崎
Takeshi Haga
剛 芳賀
Tsuguro Mori
嗣朗 森
Hisashi Satake
久史 佐竹
Kazuya Kuriyama
和哉 栗山
Shizukuni Yada
静邦 矢田
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Electric Power Development Co Ltd
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Electric Power Development Co Ltd
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Application filed by Electric Power Development Co Ltd filed Critical Electric Power Development Co Ltd
Priority to JP2003179898A priority Critical patent/JP2005019093A/en
Priority to AU2003280702A priority patent/AU2003280702A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2003/014033 priority patent/WO2004114443A1/en
Priority to TW092130705A priority patent/TW200501484A/en
Publication of JP2005019093A publication Critical patent/JP2005019093A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a negative electrode material for a nonaqueous secondary battery capable of providing high capacity per mass and per volume in practical doping time, and to provide a method of manufacturing the negative electrode material for the nonaqueous secondary battery with simple production and high yield. <P>SOLUTION: The negative electrode material for the nonaqueous secondary battery is made of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon manufactured by heat reaction of a raw material containing naphthalene pitch as a main component, has an atomic ratio of hydrogen/carbon of 0.23-0.33, a specific surface area by a BET process of 0.1-30 m<SP>2</SP>/g, a real density of 1.40 g/cm<SP>3</SP>, and an average particle size of 10 μm or less. The method of manufacturing the negative electrode material for the nonaqueous secondary battery is that the raw material containing naphthalene pitch as the main component is heat-reacted without conducting non-fusion treatment to manufacture the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、非水系2次電池用の負極材料及びその製造方法に関するものであり、特に、リチウム2次電池の性能を著しく向上させることができる非水系2次電池用負極材料、その製造方法、及びその2次電池に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、携帯電話に代表される小型携帯機器用の電源、深夜電力の貯蔵システム、太陽光発電による電力貯蔵などを行うための家庭用分散型蓄電システム、電気自動車のための蓄電システムなどに関連して、各種の高エネルギー密度電池の開発が精力的に行われている。特にリチウムイオン電池は、350Wh/lを超える高い体積エネルギー密度を有すること、安全性、サイクル特性などの信頼性が優れていることなどの理由により、その市場は飛躍的に拡大している。
【0003】
リチウムイオン電池は、正極としてLiCoO、LiMnなどに代表されるリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を用い、負極として黒鉛に代表される炭素系材料を用いている。現在、リチウムイオン電池はより一層の高容量化が進められているが、正極酸化物および負極炭素系材料の改良による高容量化は、ほぼ限界に達しており、450Wh/lを超えるエネルギー密度を達成することは困難である。また、今後予測される大型化のニーズに応える為には、材料コストの低減も、強く望まれている。
【0004】
特に、電池の高エネルギー密度化および大型化のためには、安全性の確保が最重要課題であり、この観点からも、電極材料のさらなる特性改善が望まれている。
従来のリチウムイオン電池の負極材料としては、種々の黒鉛系材料、炭素系材料および多環芳香族系共役構造物質(一般に、低温処理炭素材料あるいはポリアセン系材料と呼ばれている。)が開発されている。特に、550〜1000℃程度の比較的低温で、種々の原料を熱処理して得られる多環芳香族系共役構造物質は、グラファイトの理論容量であるCLi(372mAh/g)を超える材料として、特に注目を浴びている。
【0005】
その中でも、石油、石炭ピッチを主成分とする原料を熱反応に供することにより得られる多環芳香族系炭化水素からの非水系2次電池用負極材料が提案されている(例えば、参考文献1を参照。)。このような非水系2次電池用負極材料は、水素/炭素の原子比が0.35乃至0.05の範囲にあり、BET法による比表面積が50m/g以下であることを好ましいとしている。
また、このようなH/C比が0.22の負極材料では、20時間のリチウムドーピングにより900mAh/gの容量が得られている。この点で、上述の課題を解決する材料として期待がされている。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−251885号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記多環芳香族系炭化水素材料の実用化においては、改善すべき課題が多く残されており、特に、非水系2次電池にこの材料を適用する場合、長くとも8時間程度の実用的なリチウムのドーピング速度における質量当たり及び体積当たりの容量、サイクル特性が重要となり、この観点から容量のより一層の向上が望まれている。従来、ピッチを原料とする炭素材料は、空気中でピッチを100〜400℃程度の温度で加熱するか、或いは硝酸、硫酸などの酸化性溶液で処理して、ピッチ全体或いはその表面を不融化処理(架橋処理)した後、不活性雰囲気中で熱処理することにより製造される場合が多い。この方法で得られる多環芳香族系炭化水素の比表面積が高くなり、初期効率等に問題があった。
【0008】
従って、本発明の課題は、実用的なドーピング時間で、質量当たり及び体積当たりの高容量を得ることができ、サイクル特性に優れた非水系2次電池の負極材料を提供することであり、更に、このような材料の製造が簡単でその収率の高い非水系2次電池の負極材料の製造方法、及びその2次電池を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討を進めた結果、ナフタレンピッチを主原料として得られる特定の構造を有する多環芳香族系炭化水素を所定の粒径以下に粉砕した場合、従来の石炭系或いは石油系ピッチからの多環芳香族系炭化水素に比べて、所望の水素/炭素の原子比が簡単に得られること、所望の比表面積が簡単に得られること、真密度が所定以上になること、およびこのような炭化水素材料を非水系2次電池の負極材料に用いると、実用的なドーピング時間での質量当たり及び体積当たりの容量が向上すること、及びサイクル特性に優れることを見出し、本発明に至ったものである。
即ち、本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負極材料、その製造方法、及びその2次電池、更には非水系2次電池は、以下の構成或いは手段からなることを特徴とし、上記課題を解決するものである。
【0010】
(1) ナフタレンピッチを主成分とする原料を熱反応に供することにより得られる多環芳香族系炭化水素からなる負極材料であって、該材料の水素/炭素の原子比(H/C)が0.23乃至0.33の範囲にあり、BET法による比表面積が0.1乃至30m/gの範囲にあり、真密度が1.40g/cm以上であり、更に平均粒径が10μm以下であることを特徴とする非水系2次電池用負極材料。
【0011】
(2) 上記平均粒径が6μm乃至1μmの範囲にあることを特徴とする上記(1)記載の非水系2次電池用負極材料。
(3) 上記BET法による比表面積が0.1乃至10m/gの範囲にあることを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)記載の非水系2次電池用負極材料。
【0012】
(4) 上記(1)乃至(3)のいずれかに記載の非水系2次電池用負極材料の製造方法において、上記ナフタレンピッチを主成分とする原料を不融化処理することなく熱反応に供して上記多環芳香族系炭化水素を得てなることを特徴とする非水系2次電池用負極材料の製造方法。
【0013】
(5)上記(1)乃至(3)のいずれかに記載の非水系2次電池用負極材料を用いる非水系2次電池。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る非水系2電池用負極材料、その製造方法、及びそれを用いた非水系2次電池の好ましい実施の形態を詳述する。尚、本発明に係る負極材料、その製造方法、及びそれを用いた非水系2次電池は以下の実施形態及び実施例に限るものではない。
本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負極材料は、ナフタレンピッチを主成分とした原料を熱反応に供することにより得られる多環芳香族系炭化水素(多環芳香族系共役構造物質)からなる。
【0015】
上記原料の主成分となるナフタレンピッチは、所定の物性を備えた負極材料を得ることができる限り、特に限定されるものではない。ナフタレンを例えば、HF−BF(フッ化水素−3フッ化ホウ素)触媒などを使用して重合した合成ピッチなどを挙げることができる。これらは、現状では土木建築資材、高熱伝導率などを必要とする炭素繊維、特殊炭素材料といった分野に、ピッチ系炭素繊維の原料として用いられる。
【0016】
本発明に係る負極材料に使用するナフタレンピッチを主成分とする原料としては、ナフタレンピッチに対して50質量%を超えない範囲で、より好ましくは30質量%を超えない範囲で、例えば、石炭ピッチ、石油ピッチ等のナフタレンピッチ以外のピッチ、フェノール樹脂等の合成樹脂、黒鉛などの導電剤を含めても良い。従って、本発明における「ナフタレンピッチを主成分とする原料」とは、ナフタレンピッチ単独からなる原料のみならず、このような混合物含有ピッチをも含むものである。しかし、本発明に係る負極材料を効果的に得るためにはナフタレンピッチ単独からなる原料を用いることが好ましい。
【0017】
上記ナフタレンピッチを主成分とする原料の軟化点は、温度70乃至400℃程度の範囲のものが好ましく、より好ましくは温度100乃至350℃の範囲のもの、特に好ましくは温度150乃至300℃の範囲のものである。ピッチの軟化点が上記範囲を下回るような場合には、所望の熱反応生成物の収率を低下させる一方、ピッチの軟化点が上記範囲を上回るような場合には、熱反応生成物の比表面積を増大させて、これもまた所望の負極材料が容易に得られなくなる。
【0018】
本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負極材料は、上記ピッチを主成分とした原料を熱反応に供して得られた熱反応生成物(多環芳香族系炭化水素)を平均粒径が10μm以下に粉砕してなるものである。特に、1μm乃至7μmの範囲のもの、更に好ましくは2μm乃至6μmの範囲のものである。
材料としての平均粒径が上記範囲を超えると、質量当たりの容量が減少し、一方、上記範囲未満では電極の作製作業に困難が生じてくる。
【0019】
また、本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負極材料は、その真密度が1.40g/cm以上、更には1.45g/cm以上のものが好ましい。体積当たりの十分な容量を得るためには1.40g/cm以上のものが好ましい。
【0020】
本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負極材料は、水素/炭素の原子比(H/C)が0.23乃至0.33の範囲にあることが必要とされるものである。
上記原子比(H/C)が0.33を超えると、負極材料中に主要な多環芳香族系共役構造が十分に生じていないため、非水系2次電池用の負極材料に使用した場合には、サイクル容量の維持率の十分な改善が見られなくなる。一方、上記原子比(H/C)が0.23未満になると、サイクル容量の維持率は高くなるが、炭素化が進行して高容量を得ることができない。従って、材料の原子比(H/C)が0.23乃至0.33の範囲にあると、質量及び体積当たりの容量が高く、サイクル維持率に優れた負極材料が得られる。
【0021】
尚、上記負極材料にあっては、本発明に係る効果に影響を与えない範囲で炭素及び水素以外に他の元素を含んでいても良い。例えば、負極材料は、その原料由来の炭素および水素以外の元素(酸素、硫黄、窒素など)を含んでも良い。そして、このような元素により負極材料の特性を阻害しないためには、その他の元素の合計質量が20%以下、より好ましくは10%以下、更に好ましくは5%以下に抑えることが望ましい。また、硫黄についてはナフタレンピッチは合成ピッチであるため、1%以下に抑えることが容易にできる。
【0022】
本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負極材料は、BET法による比表面積が0.1乃至30m/gの範囲にあることが必須とされる。より好ましくは比表面積が0.1乃至20m/gの範囲、特に好ましくは0.1乃至10m/gの範囲である。
負極材料の比表面積が大き過ぎると、リチウムのドープおよび脱ドープの初期効率が悪くなるので、実用上好ましくない。負極材料の比表面積が上記範囲未満となるとリチウムのドープがスムースにできなくなる。
【0023】
更に、本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負極材料の多環芳香族系炭化水素の構造物は、X線広角回折法による(002)面の面間隔d002が0.347nm未満であることが好ましい。これは、上記H/Cの原子比が上記範囲にある場合、石油ピッチ、石炭ピッチ等から得られる多環芳香族炭化水素に比べて面間隔d002が小さいことを意味し、ナフタレンピッチを主成分とした原料で製造される多環芳香族系炭化水素の特徴的な構造である。
【0024】
次に、本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負極材料の製造方法を説明する。
本発明に係る負極材料の製造方法は、上述したナフタレンピッチを主成分とする原料を、不融化処理することなく熱反応に供することにより多環芳香族系炭化水素を得るものである。
また、上記炭化水素を主材料とする本発明に係る負極材料の製造方法にあっては、その材料の水素/炭素の原子比(H/C)が0.23乃至0.33の範囲で、BET法による比表面積が0.1乃至30m/gの範囲、より好ましくは0.1乃至10m/gの範囲で、真密度が1.40g/cm以上で、更に平均粒径が10μm以下、より好ましくは1μm乃至6μmの範囲になるように製造するものである。
また好ましくは、上記炭化水素を、X線広角回折法による(002)面の面間隔d002が0.347nm未満となるように製造することが望ましい。
【0025】
上記ナフタレンピッチを主成分とする原料の熱反応は、窒素、アルゴンなどの不活性雰囲気中(真空を含む)で行う。反応温度は、上述の原料の種類・性状および温度以外の諸条件(昇温速度、反応時間、反応雰囲気、圧力、反応時に生成するガス成分の反応系外の除去速度など)をも考慮して、水素/炭素の原子比(H/C)、及びBET法による比表面積を粉砕後に上記範囲となる様に適宜選択することができる。
【0026】
上記熱反応温度は通常、550乃至750℃の範囲、より好ましくは580乃至700℃の範囲、更に好ましくは600乃至680℃の範囲である。
上記ナフタレンピッチを主成分とした原料を不活性雰囲気下の温度550乃至750℃の範囲で熱反応させれば、その熱反応生成物から上記範囲の水素/炭素の原子比及び比表面積を有する多環芳香族系炭化水素材料が高収率で得られる。熱反応による所望の炭化水素の収率は、主にピッチの軟化点、キノリン溶解度により左右されるが、本発明の製造方法においては少なくとも60%以上、好ましくは80%以上である。上記温度範囲で原料及び軟化点等を適宜選択すれば、所望の多環芳香族系炭化水素を60%以上の収率で十分に得ることができる。
尚、上述したように得られる上記炭化水素を、X線広角回折法による(002)面の面間隔d002が0.347nm未満となるように製造されていることが望ましい。
【0027】
また、本発明に係る負極材料の製造方法にあっては、特定のH/C比と特定の比表面積値を同時に充足するために、ナフタレンピッチ原料の熱反応温度を制御することにより製造することができるが、好ましくは不融化処理をしないで熱反応に供することが望ましい。
一般に負極材料の比表面積は、熱反応温度を上昇させると低下して、リチウムのドープ及び脱ドープの初期効率が高くなるが、その反面、容量が急激に減少する。従来からの多環芳香族系共役構造物質は、一般に比表面積が炭素系材料および黒鉛系材料に比べて高く、50m/gを上回るものが殆どである。この高い比表面積を低下させて容量を高めるために、再度表面処理を行う技術も開発されているが、この場合には煩雑な操作を必要とし、製造上、工程が余分に付加され、負極材料の製造コストを著しく上げるので実用的に不利である。
【0028】
本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負極材料は、上述のH/C比の範囲を維持しながら、比表面積を30m/g以下とすることを特徴とする。
本発明においてはナフタレンピッチを原料として選択することにより、原料ピッチの1回の熱反応により比表面積を30m/g以下とすることが可能であり、反応操作を更に簡便に行うことができる。
即ち、一般のピッチ原料から炭化水素材料を製造する際には、空気中でピッチを100〜400℃程度の温度で加熱するか、或いは硝酸、硫酸などの酸化性液体により処理して、ピッチ全体あるいはその表面を不融化処理(架橋処理)した後、不活性雰囲気中で熱処理することにより、製造される。これに対して、本発明の製造方法において、ナフタレンピッチは、その反応生成物が上記の特定のH/C比と特定の比表面積とを同時に充足するように、不融化処理あるいは表面酸化処理しない状態で、熱反応に供する。
【0029】
更に本発明に係る負極材料の製造方法にあっては、その特性を決定する主な条件は上記熱反応温度の範囲であるが、その他の副次的条件としては、特に限定されるものではないが昇温速度等が挙げられる。
昇温速度は10乃至1000℃/時間の範囲、より好ましくは50乃至500℃/時間の範囲である。昇温速度は一定である必要はなく、例えば、温度300℃までは100℃/時間の速度で昇温し、温度300℃乃至650℃までは50℃/時間の速度で昇温することができる。また、反応時間(ピーク温度保持時間)は1乃至50時間程度である。圧力は常圧でよいが、減圧あるいは加圧状態で行うことも可能である。
【0030】
本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負極材料の製造方法では、上記熱反応によって得られる熱反応生成物は殆どが不定形な状態で得られる。これを材料とするためには不定形な熱反応生成物を所定の粒径に粉砕し、必要に応じて粒度調整をして負極材料として使用する。上述したように平均粒径10μm以下となるまで、常法に従って熱反応生成物をボールミル、ジェットミルなどの粉砕器で粉砕し、更に必要ならば分級して使用する。
【0031】
このように製造される本発明に係る負極材料に関しては、その使用対象として後述する非水系2次電池に特に限定されるものではなく、公知の正極、非水系電解質と組み合わせて使用される限り本発明における負極材料となるものである。
【0032】
次に、本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負電極の実施の形態について簡単に説明する。
本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負電極は上述した負極材料が使用され、正極としてはリチウムの吸蔵/放出が可能な正極材料であれば特に制限されず、高電圧と高容量のリチウム二次電池を得るために、例えば、公知のリチウム複合コバルト酸化物、リチウム複合ニッケル酸化物、リチウム複合マンガン酸化物、或いはこれらの混合物、更にこれらの酸化物に異種金属元素を一種以上添加した系などを用いることができる。また、マンガン、バナジウム、鉄などの金属酸化物、ジスルフィド系化合物、ポリアセン系物質、活性炭などを用いることも可能であり、特に、容量の観点からLiCoO、LiNiCo、LiNiMnなどを含むリチウム複合酸化物が好ましい。
また、本発明の負電極の上記負極材料中にあらかじめリチウムをドープした状態で、電池を組み立てることも可能であり、さらに負電極上にリチウム金属を張り合わせるなどの方法により、電池組立後に負電極にリチウムをドープすることも可能である。
【0033】
非水系電解液としては、公知のリチウム塩を含む非水系電解液が用いられる。電解液の種類は、正極材料の種類、負極材料の性状、充電電圧などの使用条件などに応じて、適宜決定される。電解液としては、例えば、LiPF、LiBF、LiClOなどのリチウム塩をプロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、ジメトキシエタン、γ−ブチロラクトン、酢酸メチル、蟻酸メチルなどの1種または2種以上からなる有機溶媒に溶解したものが、好ましい。
【0034】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明に係る非水系2次電池材料、及びその製造方法の実施例および比較例を示し、本発明の特徴とするところをさらに明確にする。
(実施例1)
ナフタレンピッチ(軟化点287℃:三菱瓦斯化学社製)の100gをステンレス鋼製の皿に入れ、この皿を電気炉(炉内有効寸法:300mm×300mm×300mm)内に配置して、熱反応に供した。熱反応は窒素雰囲気下で行い窒素流量は10リットル/分とした。熱反応は、温度400℃までは昇温速度100℃/時間で、温度400℃以上では昇温速度60℃/時間で温度670℃(炉内温)となるまで昇温する。昇温後、同温度で4時間保持した後、自然冷却により、60℃まで冷却し、反応生成物を電気炉から取り出した。
得られた生成物は、原料の形状を留めておらず、不定形な不溶不融性固体であった。収率は82%であった。
【0035】
得られた材料をボールミルを用いて平均粒度5μm程度まで粉砕して負極材料を得た。得られた負極材料についての元素分析(測定機:パーキンエルマー社製、元素分析装置「PE2400シリーズII、CHNS/O」)、BET法による比表面積(測定機:QANTACHROME社製、「NOVA1200」)、真密度(溶媒に1−ブタノールを使用)、及び粒度分布(測定機:島津製作所「SALD2000J」)の測定を行った。結果を下記表1に示す。
【0036】
次いで、上記負極材料粉末の90質量部、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラック粉末の5質量部、およびバインダーとしてのPVdFの5質量部を溶媒としてのN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)と混合し、負極合剤スラリーを得た。このスラリーを厚さ18μmの銅箔の片面に塗布し、乾燥した後、プレス加工して厚さ50μm、密度1g/cmの電極を得た。
【0037】
上記で得られた電極を作用極とし、対極と参照極に金属リチウムを用い、電解液としてエチレンカーボネートとジエチルカーボネートとを1:1(質量比)で混合した溶媒に1mol/Lの濃度にLiPFを溶解した溶液を用いて、電気化学セルをアルゴンドライボックス中で作成した。リチウムのドーピングは、リチウム電位に対して1mVになるまで負極活物質あたり、200mA/gの定電流で行い、さらにリチウム電位に対して1mVの定電圧印加し、合わせて8時間ドーピングをした。10分の休止後、負極活物質あたり200mA/gの定電流でリチウム電位に対して2Vまで脱ドーピングを行った。10分休止後、上記と同様にドーピング・脱ドーピングを行い、全10サイクル行った。結果を下記表1に示す。
【0038】
(実施例2)
実施例1でナフタレンピッチ原料の熱反応温度を660℃とする以外は実施例1と同様にして熱反応を行い、不溶不融性固体を得た。収率は83質量%であった。この材料のH/C、比表面積、真密度、平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で測定した結果を表1に示す。
次いで、実施例1と同様にして電極を作製し、リチウムのドーピング量および脱ドーピング量を10サイクル測定した。初期容量、10サイクル容量の結果を下記表1に示した。
【0039】
(実施例3)
実施例1でナフタレンピッチ原料の熱反応温度を630℃とする以外は実施例1と同様にして熱反応を行い、不溶不融性固体を得た。収率は83質量%であった。この材料のH/C、比表面積、真密度、平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で測定した結果を下記表1に示す。
次いで、実施例1と同様にして電極を作製し、リチウムのドーピング量および脱ドーピング量を10サイクル測定した。初期容量、10サイクル容量の結果を下記表1に示した。
【0040】
(比較例1)
ナフタレンピッチ原料の熱反応温度を685℃とする以外は実施例1と同様にして熱反応を行い、不溶不融性固体を得た。収率は83質量%であった。この材料のH/C、比表面積、真密度、平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で測定した結果を下記表1に示した。
次いで、実施例1と同様にして電極を作製し、リチウムのドーピング量および脱ドーピング量を10サイクル測定した。初期容量、10サイクル容量の結果を下記表1に示した。
【0041】
(比較例2)
ナフタレンピッチ原料の熱反応温度を595℃とする以外は実施例1と同様にして熱反応を行い、不溶不融性固体を得た。収率は83質量%であった。この材料のH/C、比表面積、真密度、平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で測定した結果を表1に示す。
次いで、実施例1と同様にして電極を作製し、リチウムのドーピング量および脱ドーピング量を10サイクル測定した。初期容量、10サイクル容量の結果を表1に示す。
【0042】
(比較例3)
石炭系等方性ピッチ(軟化点280℃)100gをステンレス鋼製の皿に入れ、この皿を電気炉(炉内有効寸法:300mm×300mm×300mm)内に配置して、熱反応に供した。熱反応は、窒素雰囲気下で行い、窒素流量は10リットル/分とした。熱反応は、温度400℃までは昇温速度100℃/時間で、温度400℃以上では昇温速度50℃/時間で温度660℃(炉内温)となるまで昇温する。昇温後、同温度で4時間保持した後、自然冷却により、温度60℃まで冷却し、反応生成物を電気炉から取り出した。得られた生成物は、原料の形状を留めておらず、不定形な不溶不融性固体であった。収率は78質量%であった。
【0043】
得られた生成物をナイロンボールミルで粉砕し平均粒度4μmの負極材料を得た。得られた負極材料について元素分析、BET法による比表面積、真密度、および平均粒径の測定を行った。結果を下記表1に示した。
次いで、実施例1と同様にして電極を作製し、リチウムのドーピング量および脱ドーピング量を10サイクル測定した。初期容量、10サイクル容量の結果を下記表1に示した。
【0044】
【表1】

Figure 2005019093
【0045】
質量及び体積あたりの容量、サイクル特性を総合的に判断する為、10サイクル目の容量に真密度を乗じた体積あたりの容量で比較すると、H/Cが0.23乃至0.33では、970mAh/cm〜1010mAh/cmであり、H/Cが0.33を上回るまたは、0.23を下回る場合、初期容量そのものが低下する。また、石炭系ピッチを原料とする場合に比べ、初期容量、10サイクル目体積容量いずれも高いことがわかる。
【0046】
【発明の効果】
以上、説明したように本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負極材料は、ナフタレンピッチを主成分とする原料を熱反応に供することにより得られる多環芳香族系炭化水素からなり、水素/炭素の原子比が0.23乃至0.33の範囲にあり、BET法による比表面積が0.1乃至30m/gの範囲にあり、真密度が1.40g/cm以上であり、平均粒径が10μm以下であるので、実用的なドーピング時間で、質量当たり及び体積当たりの高容量を得ることができ、サイクル特性に優れた非水系2次電池を提供することができる。また、本発明に係る非水系2次電池用負極材料の製造方法は、上記ナフタレンピッチを主成分とする原料を不融化処理することなく熱反応に供して多環芳香族系炭化水素を得てなるので、負極材料の製造が簡単でその収率を向上させることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery and a method for producing the same, and in particular, a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery capable of remarkably improving the performance of a lithium secondary battery, a method for producing the same, And the secondary battery.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, it has been related to power sources for small portable devices typified by mobile phones, storage systems for late-night power, home-use distributed storage systems for power storage by solar power generation, storage systems for electric vehicles, etc. Therefore, various high energy density batteries have been vigorously developed. In particular, the market of lithium-ion batteries has expanded dramatically due to the fact that they have a high volumetric energy density exceeding 350 Wh / l and excellent reliability such as safety and cycle characteristics.
[0003]
The lithium ion battery uses a lithium-containing transition metal oxide typified by LiCoO 2 or LiMn 2 O 4 as a positive electrode and a carbon-based material typified by graphite as a negative electrode. Currently, lithium-ion batteries are being made to have higher capacities, but the increase in capacities by improving positive electrode oxides and negative electrode carbon-based materials has almost reached its limit, with an energy density exceeding 450 Wh / l. It is difficult to achieve. In addition, in order to meet the future demand for larger size, reduction of material costs is also strongly desired.
[0004]
In particular, in order to increase the energy density and size of the battery, ensuring safety is the most important issue. From this viewpoint, further improvement in the characteristics of the electrode material is desired.
As a negative electrode material of a conventional lithium ion battery, various graphite materials, carbon materials, and polycyclic aromatic conjugated structure substances (generally called low-temperature treated carbon materials or polyacene materials) have been developed. ing. In particular, a polycyclic aromatic conjugated structure substance obtained by heat-treating various raw materials at a relatively low temperature of about 550 to 1000 ° C. is a material that exceeds the theoretical capacity of graphite, C 6 Li (372 mAh / g). , Especially attention.
[0005]
Among them, a negative electrode material for non-aqueous secondary batteries from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons obtained by subjecting a raw material mainly composed of petroleum and coal pitch to a thermal reaction has been proposed (for example, Reference 1). See). Such a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery preferably has a hydrogen / carbon atomic ratio in the range of 0.35 to 0.05 and a specific surface area by the BET method of 50 m 2 / g or less. .
Further, in such a negative electrode material having an H / C ratio of 0.22, a capacity of 900 mAh / g is obtained by lithium doping for 20 hours. In this respect, it is expected as a material for solving the above-described problems.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-251885
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the practical application of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon material, many problems remain to be improved, and in particular, when this material is applied to a non-aqueous secondary battery, it can be used for about 8 hours at the longest. Therefore, the capacity per unit mass and the volume per volume and the cycle characteristics are important in the lithium doping rate, and further improvement of the capacity is desired from this viewpoint. Conventionally, a carbon material using pitch as a raw material heats the pitch in air at a temperature of about 100 to 400 ° C., or treats it with an oxidizing solution such as nitric acid or sulfuric acid to make the entire pitch or its surface infusible. It is often produced by heat treatment in an inert atmosphere after treatment (crosslinking treatment). The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon obtained by this method has a high specific surface area, and there is a problem in initial efficiency and the like.
[0008]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery that can obtain a high capacity per mass and per volume with a practical doping time and has excellent cycle characteristics. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery that is simple to produce and has a high yield, and the secondary battery.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have crushed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having a specific structure obtained using naphthalene pitch as a main raw material to a predetermined particle size or less. Compared with conventional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coal-based or petroleum-based pitches, the desired hydrogen / carbon atomic ratio can be easily obtained, the desired specific surface area can be easily obtained, and the true density When such a hydrocarbon material is used as a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery, capacity per mass and volume per practical doping time is improved, and cycle characteristics are improved. It has been found that it is excellent and has led to the present invention.
That is, the negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present invention, its manufacturing method, its secondary battery, and further the non-aqueous secondary battery are characterized by comprising the following configurations or means, and solve the above-mentioned problems: To do.
[0010]
(1) A negative electrode material comprising a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon obtained by subjecting a raw material mainly composed of naphthalene pitch to a thermal reaction, wherein the hydrogen / carbon atomic ratio (H / C) of the material is It is in the range of 0.23 to 0.33, the specific surface area by the BET method is in the range of 0.1 to 30 m 2 / g, the true density is 1.40 g / cm 3 or more, and the average particle size is 10 μm. A negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery, wherein:
[0011]
(2) The negative electrode material for nonaqueous secondary batteries according to (1), wherein the average particle diameter is in the range of 6 μm to 1 μm.
(3) The negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to (1) or (2), wherein the specific surface area according to the BET method is in the range of 0.1 to 10 m 2 / g.
[0012]
(4) In the method for producing a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to any one of (1) to (3), the raw material mainly composed of the naphthalene pitch is subjected to a thermal reaction without being infusible. A method for producing a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery, comprising obtaining the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
[0013]
(5) A non-aqueous secondary battery using the negative electrode material for non-aqueous secondary batteries according to any one of (1) to (3).
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous two battery according to the present invention, a manufacturing method thereof, and a non-aqueous secondary battery using the same will be described in detail. The negative electrode material, the manufacturing method thereof, and the nonaqueous secondary battery using the same according to the present invention are not limited to the following embodiments and examples.
The negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present invention comprises a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (polycyclic aromatic conjugated structure material) obtained by subjecting a raw material mainly composed of naphthalene pitch to a thermal reaction. .
[0015]
The naphthalene pitch as the main component of the raw material is not particularly limited as long as a negative electrode material having predetermined physical properties can be obtained. For example, synthetic pitch obtained by polymerizing naphthalene using an HF-BF 3 (hydrogen fluoride-3 boron fluoride) catalyst or the like can be used. These are currently used as raw materials for pitch-based carbon fibers in fields such as civil engineering and construction materials, carbon fibers that require high thermal conductivity, and special carbon materials.
[0016]
The raw material mainly composed of naphthalene pitch used in the negative electrode material according to the present invention is a range not exceeding 50% by mass, more preferably not exceeding 30% by mass with respect to naphthalene pitch, for example, coal pitch. Further, pitches other than naphthalene pitch such as petroleum pitch, synthetic resins such as phenol resin, and conductive agents such as graphite may be included. Therefore, the “raw material containing naphthalene pitch as a main component” in the present invention includes not only a raw material consisting of naphthalene pitch alone but also such a mixture-containing pitch. However, in order to effectively obtain the negative electrode material according to the present invention, it is preferable to use a raw material consisting of naphthalene pitch alone.
[0017]
The softening point of the raw material mainly composed of naphthalene pitch is preferably in the range of about 70 to 400 ° C., more preferably in the range of 100 to 350 ° C., particularly preferably in the range of 150 to 300 ° C. belongs to. When the pitch softening point is lower than the above range, the yield of the desired thermal reaction product is reduced. On the other hand, when the pitch softening point is higher than the above range, the ratio of the thermal reaction product is reduced. Increasing the surface area also makes it difficult to obtain the desired negative electrode material.
[0018]
The negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present invention is a thermal reaction product (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) obtained by subjecting the raw material mainly composed of the pitch to a thermal reaction with an average particle size of 10 μm. The product is pulverized as follows. Particularly, it is in the range of 1 μm to 7 μm, more preferably in the range of 2 μm to 6 μm.
When the average particle diameter as the material exceeds the above range, the capacity per mass decreases, whereas when it is less than the above range, it is difficult to produce the electrode.
[0019]
The negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present invention preferably has a true density of 1.40 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 1.45 g / cm 3 or more. In order to obtain a sufficient capacity per volume, those of 1.40 g / cm 3 or more are preferable.
[0020]
The negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present invention is required to have a hydrogen / carbon atomic ratio (H / C) in the range of 0.23 to 0.33.
When the atomic ratio (H / C) exceeds 0.33, the main polycyclic aromatic conjugated structure is not sufficiently generated in the negative electrode material, and therefore when used as a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery. In this case, sufficient improvement of the cycle capacity maintenance rate is not observed. On the other hand, if the atomic ratio (H / C) is less than 0.23, the cycle capacity retention rate increases, but carbonization proceeds and a high capacity cannot be obtained. Therefore, when the atomic ratio (H / C) of the material is in the range of 0.23 to 0.33, a negative electrode material having a high capacity per mass and volume and an excellent cycle retention rate can be obtained.
[0021]
In addition, in the said negative electrode material, other elements other than carbon and hydrogen may be included in the range which does not affect the effect which concerns on this invention. For example, the negative electrode material may contain elements (oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, etc.) other than carbon and hydrogen derived from the raw material. And in order not to inhibit the characteristics of the negative electrode material by such elements, it is desirable to keep the total mass of other elements to 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less, and even more preferably 5% or less. Moreover, since naphthalene pitch is a synthetic pitch for sulfur, it can be easily suppressed to 1% or less.
[0022]
The negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present invention must have a specific surface area in the range of 0.1 to 30 m 2 / g by the BET method. The specific surface area is more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 20 m 2 / g, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 m 2 / g.
If the specific surface area of the negative electrode material is too large, the initial efficiency of lithium doping and dedoping deteriorates, which is not practically preferable. When the specific surface area of the negative electrode material is less than the above range, lithium doping cannot be performed smoothly.
[0023]
Furthermore, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure of the negative electrode material for non-aqueous secondary batteries according to the present invention has a (002) plane spacing d002 of less than 0.347 nm by X-ray wide angle diffraction. preferable. This means that when the H / C atomic ratio is in the above range, the interplanar spacing d002 is smaller than that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum pitch, coal pitch, etc., and naphthalene pitch is the main component. This is a characteristic structure of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon produced from the above raw materials.
[0024]
Next, the manufacturing method of the negative electrode material for non-aqueous secondary batteries which concerns on this invention is demonstrated.
The method for producing a negative electrode material according to the present invention is to obtain a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by subjecting the above-mentioned raw material mainly composed of naphthalene pitch to a thermal reaction without subjecting it to infusibilization.
In the method for producing a negative electrode material according to the present invention using the above hydrocarbon as a main material, the hydrogen / carbon atomic ratio (H / C) of the material is in the range of 0.23 to 0.33, The specific surface area by the BET method is in the range of 0.1 to 30 m 2 / g, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 m 2 / g, the true density is 1.40 g / cm 3 or more, and the average particle size is 10 μm. In the following, it is more preferable to manufacture so as to be in the range of 1 μm to 6 μm.
Preferably, the hydrocarbon is produced so that the (002) plane spacing d002 by X-ray wide angle diffraction method is less than 0.347 nm.
[0025]
The thermal reaction of the raw material containing naphthalene pitch as a main component is performed in an inert atmosphere (including vacuum) such as nitrogen or argon. The reaction temperature also takes into consideration the types and properties of the above-mentioned raw materials and various conditions other than temperature (temperature increase rate, reaction time, reaction atmosphere, pressure, removal rate of gas components generated during the reaction outside the reaction system, etc.). The atomic ratio (H / C) of hydrogen / carbon and the specific surface area by the BET method can be appropriately selected so as to be within the above ranges after pulverization.
[0026]
The thermal reaction temperature is usually in the range of 550 to 750 ° C, more preferably in the range of 580 to 700 ° C, and still more preferably in the range of 600 to 680 ° C.
If the raw material mainly composed of naphthalene pitch is subjected to a thermal reaction at a temperature in the range of 550 to 750 ° C. under an inert atmosphere, the thermal reaction product has a hydrogen / carbon atomic ratio and a specific surface area within the above range. A ring aromatic hydrocarbon material is obtained in high yield. The yield of the desired hydrocarbon by the thermal reaction depends mainly on the softening point of the pitch and the quinoline solubility, but is at least 60% or more, preferably 80% or more in the production method of the present invention. If a raw material, a softening point, etc. are selected suitably in the said temperature range, a desired polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can fully be obtained with a yield of 60% or more.
In addition, it is desirable that the hydrocarbon obtained as described above is manufactured so that the interplanar spacing d002 of the (002) plane by X-ray wide angle diffraction method is less than 0.347 nm.
[0027]
Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the negative electrode material which concerns on this invention, in order to satisfy specific H / C ratio and specific specific surface area value simultaneously, it manufactures by controlling the thermal reaction temperature of a naphthalene pitch raw material. However, it is preferable to subject to a thermal reaction without infusibilizing treatment.
In general, the specific surface area of the negative electrode material decreases as the thermal reaction temperature is increased, and the initial efficiency of lithium doping and dedoping increases, but on the other hand, the capacity decreases rapidly. Conventional polycyclic aromatic conjugated structure substances generally have a higher specific surface area than carbon-based materials and graphite-based materials, and most of them exceed 50 m 2 / g. In order to reduce the high specific surface area and increase the capacity, a technique for performing surface treatment again has been developed. In this case, however, complicated operation is required, and an extra process is added in the manufacturing process. This significantly increases the manufacturing cost of the device.
[0028]
The negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present invention is characterized by having a specific surface area of 30 m 2 / g or less while maintaining the above-mentioned range of H / C ratio.
In the present invention, by selecting naphthalene pitch as a raw material, the specific surface area can be reduced to 30 m 2 / g or less by one thermal reaction of the raw material pitch, and the reaction operation can be performed more simply.
That is, when a hydrocarbon material is produced from a general pitch raw material, the pitch is heated in air at a temperature of about 100 to 400 ° C. or treated with an oxidizing liquid such as nitric acid or sulfuric acid, and the entire pitch is produced. Alternatively, it is produced by subjecting the surface to infusibilization treatment (crosslinking treatment) and then heat-treating in an inert atmosphere. On the other hand, in the production method of the present invention, naphthalene pitch is not infusibilized or surface oxidized so that the reaction product satisfies the specific H / C ratio and the specific specific surface area at the same time. In the state, it is subjected to a thermal reaction.
[0029]
Furthermore, in the method for producing a negative electrode material according to the present invention, the main condition for determining the characteristics is the range of the thermal reaction temperature, but the other secondary conditions are not particularly limited. Is a temperature rising rate.
The rate of temperature increase is in the range of 10 to 1000 ° C./hour, more preferably in the range of 50 to 500 ° C./hour. The rate of temperature increase need not be constant. For example, the temperature can be increased at a rate of 100 ° C./hour up to a temperature of 300 ° C., and can be increased at a rate of 50 ° C./hour from a temperature of 300 ° C. to 650 ° C. . The reaction time (peak temperature holding time) is about 1 to 50 hours. The pressure may be normal pressure, but may be performed under reduced pressure or increased pressure.
[0030]
In the method for producing a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present invention, most of the thermal reaction product obtained by the thermal reaction is obtained in an amorphous state. In order to use this as a material, the amorphous thermal reaction product is pulverized to a predetermined particle size, and the particle size is adjusted as necessary to be used as a negative electrode material. As described above, the thermal reaction product is pulverized by a pulverizer such as a ball mill or a jet mill according to a conventional method until the average particle size becomes 10 μm or less, and further classified if necessary.
[0031]
The negative electrode material according to the present invention thus manufactured is not particularly limited to a non-aqueous secondary battery to be described later as an object of use, and the present negative electrode material is used as long as it is used in combination with a known positive electrode and non-aqueous electrolyte. It becomes a negative electrode material in the invention.
[0032]
Next, embodiments of the negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present invention will be briefly described.
The negative electrode for the non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present invention uses the above-described negative electrode material, and the positive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is a positive electrode material capable of occluding / releasing lithium. In order to obtain a secondary battery, for example, a known lithium composite cobalt oxide, lithium composite nickel oxide, lithium composite manganese oxide, or a mixture thereof, and a system in which one or more different metal elements are added to these oxides, etc. Can be used. It is also possible to use metal oxides such as manganese, vanadium, and iron, disulfide compounds, polyacene materials, activated carbon, and the like. In particular, from the viewpoint of capacity, LiCoO 2 , LiNi x Co y O 2 , LiNi x Mn A lithium composite oxide containing y 2 O 2 or the like is preferable.
It is also possible to assemble the battery in a state in which lithium is previously doped in the negative electrode material of the negative electrode of the present invention, and further to the negative electrode after the battery is assembled by a method such as bonding lithium metal on the negative electrode. It is also possible to dope lithium.
[0033]
As the non-aqueous electrolyte, a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a known lithium salt is used. The type of the electrolytic solution is appropriately determined according to the usage conditions such as the type of the positive electrode material, the property of the negative electrode material, and the charging voltage. Examples of the electrolyte include lithium salts such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , and LiClO 4 such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethoxyethane, γ-butyrolactone, methyl acetate, and methyl formate. What was melt | dissolved in the organic solvent which consists of 1 type (s) or 2 or more types is preferable.
[0034]
【Example】
Examples and comparative examples of the non-aqueous secondary battery material and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention will be described below to further clarify the features of the present invention.
(Example 1)
100 g of naphthalene pitch (softening point 287 ° C .: manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc.) is placed in a stainless steel dish, and this dish is placed in an electric furnace (effective size in the furnace: 300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm) for thermal reaction. It was used for. The thermal reaction was performed in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the nitrogen flow rate was 10 liters / minute. The thermal reaction is performed at a temperature increase rate of 100 ° C./hour up to a temperature of 400 ° C., and at a temperature increase rate of 60 ° C./hour at a temperature of 400 ° C. or higher until the temperature reaches 670 ° C. (furnace temperature). After raising the temperature and holding at the same temperature for 4 hours, it was cooled to 60 ° C. by natural cooling, and the reaction product was taken out from the electric furnace.
The obtained product did not retain the shape of the raw material, and was an amorphous insoluble and infusible solid. The yield was 82%.
[0035]
The obtained material was pulverized to an average particle size of about 5 μm using a ball mill to obtain a negative electrode material. Elemental analysis of the obtained negative electrode material (measuring instrument: manufactured by Perkin Elmer, elemental analyzer “PE2400 series II, CHNS / O”), specific surface area by BET method (measuring instrument: manufactured by QANTACHROME, “NOVA1200”), The true density (using 1-butanol as a solvent) and the particle size distribution (measuring instrument: Shimadzu Corporation “SALD2000J”) were measured. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0036]
Next, 90 parts by mass of the negative electrode material powder, 5 parts by mass of acetylene black powder as a conductive agent, and 5 parts by mass of PVdF as a binder are mixed with N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent, and a negative electrode mixture A slurry was obtained. This slurry was applied to one side of a 18 μm thick copper foil, dried, and then pressed to obtain an electrode having a thickness of 50 μm and a density of 1 g / cm 3 .
[0037]
The electrode obtained above was used as a working electrode, lithium metal was used for the counter electrode and the reference electrode, and LiPF was mixed at a concentration of 1 mol / L in a solvent in which ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate were mixed at a 1: 1 (mass ratio) as an electrolytic solution. An electrochemical cell was prepared in an argon dry box using the solution in which 6 was dissolved. Lithium doping was performed at a constant current of 200 mA / g per negative electrode active material until 1 mV with respect to the lithium potential, and further, a constant voltage of 1 mV was applied with respect to the lithium potential, and doping was performed for 8 hours in total. After 10 minutes of rest, dedoping was performed to 2 V with respect to the lithium potential at a constant current of 200 mA / g per negative electrode active material. After a 10-minute pause, doping and dedoping were performed in the same manner as described above, and a total of 10 cycles were performed. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0038]
(Example 2)
A heat reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thermal reaction temperature of the naphthalene pitch raw material was changed to 660 ° C. in Example 1 to obtain an insoluble and infusible solid. The yield was 83% by mass. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the H / C, specific surface area, true density, and average particle diameter of this material in the same manner as in Example 1.
Next, an electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the lithium doping amount and dedoping amount were measured for 10 cycles. The results of initial capacity and 10 cycle capacity are shown in Table 1 below.
[0039]
Example 3
A heat reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thermal reaction temperature of the naphthalene pitch raw material was changed to 630 ° C. in Example 1 to obtain an insoluble and infusible solid. The yield was 83% by mass. Table 1 below shows the results of measuring the H / C, specific surface area, true density, and average particle diameter of this material in the same manner as in Example 1.
Next, an electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the lithium doping amount and dedoping amount were measured for 10 cycles. The results of initial capacity and 10 cycle capacity are shown in Table 1 below.
[0040]
(Comparative Example 1)
Except that the thermal reaction temperature of the naphthalene pitch raw material was 685 ° C., a thermal reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an insoluble and infusible solid. The yield was 83% by mass. The results of measuring the H / C, specific surface area, true density, and average particle diameter of this material by the same method as in Example 1 are shown in Table 1 below.
Next, an electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the lithium doping amount and dedoping amount were measured for 10 cycles. The results of initial capacity and 10 cycle capacity are shown in Table 1 below.
[0041]
(Comparative Example 2)
Except that the thermal reaction temperature of the naphthalene pitch raw material was 595 ° C., a thermal reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an insoluble and infusible solid. The yield was 83% by mass. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the H / C, specific surface area, true density, and average particle diameter of this material in the same manner as in Example 1.
Next, an electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the lithium doping amount and dedoping amount were measured for 10 cycles. The results of initial capacity and 10 cycle capacity are shown in Table 1.
[0042]
(Comparative Example 3)
100 g of coal-based isotropic pitch (softening point 280 ° C.) was placed in a stainless steel dish, and this dish was placed in an electric furnace (effective size in the furnace: 300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm) and subjected to a thermal reaction. . The thermal reaction was performed in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the nitrogen flow rate was 10 liters / minute. The thermal reaction is performed at a temperature increase rate of 100 ° C./hour up to a temperature of 400 ° C., and at a temperature increase rate of 50 ° C./hour at a temperature of 400 ° C. or higher until the temperature reaches 660 ° C. (furnace temperature). After the temperature increase, the temperature was maintained at the same temperature for 4 hours, and then cooled to 60 ° C. by natural cooling, and the reaction product was taken out from the electric furnace. The obtained product did not retain the shape of the raw material, and was an amorphous insoluble and infusible solid. The yield was 78% by mass.
[0043]
The obtained product was pulverized with a nylon ball mill to obtain a negative electrode material having an average particle size of 4 μm. The obtained negative electrode material was measured for elemental analysis, specific surface area by BET method, true density, and average particle size. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
Next, an electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the lithium doping amount and dedoping amount were measured for 10 cycles. The results of initial capacity and 10 cycle capacity are shown in Table 1 below.
[0044]
[Table 1]
Figure 2005019093
[0045]
In order to comprehensively judge the capacity per volume, the capacity per volume, and the cycle characteristics, when compared with the capacity per volume obtained by multiplying the capacity at the 10th cycle by the true density, when H / C is 0.23 to 0.33, 970 mAh / Cm 3 to 1010 mAh / cm 3 , and when H / C exceeds 0.33 or falls below 0.23, the initial capacity itself decreases. It can also be seen that both the initial capacity and the 10th cycle volume capacity are higher than when coal-based pitch is used as the raw material.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to the present invention comprises a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon obtained by subjecting a raw material mainly composed of naphthalene pitch to a thermal reaction, and is a hydrogen / carbon In the range of 0.23 to 0.33, the specific surface area by the BET method is in the range of 0.1 to 30 m 2 / g, the true density is 1.40 g / cm 3 or more, and the average grain size Since the diameter is 10 μm or less, a high capacity per mass and per volume can be obtained with a practical doping time, and a nonaqueous secondary battery excellent in cycle characteristics can be provided. Moreover, the manufacturing method of the negative electrode material for non-aqueous secondary batteries according to the present invention provides a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by subjecting the raw material mainly composed of the naphthalene pitch to a thermal reaction without infusible treatment. Therefore, the production of the negative electrode material is simple and the yield can be improved.

Claims (5)

ナフタレンピッチを主成分とする原料を熱反応に供することにより得られる多環芳香族系炭化水素からなる負極材料であって、該材料の水素/炭素の原子比(H/C)が0.23乃至0.33の範囲にあり、BET法による比表面積が0.1乃至30m/gの範囲にあり、真密度が1.40g/cm以上であり、更に平均粒径が10μm以下であることを特徴とする非水系2次電池用負極材料。A negative electrode material comprising a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon obtained by subjecting a raw material mainly composed of naphthalene pitch to a thermal reaction, wherein the hydrogen / carbon atomic ratio (H / C) of the material is 0.23. To 0.33, specific surface area by BET method is in the range of 0.1 to 30 m 2 / g, true density is 1.40 g / cm 3 or more, and average particle size is 10 μm or less. A negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery. 上記平均粒径が6μm乃至1μmの範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水系2次電池用負極材料。2. The negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the average particle diameter is in the range of 6 μm to 1 μm. 上記BET法による比表面積が0.1乃至10m/gの範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の非水系2次電池用負極材料。3. The negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the BET method has a specific surface area of 0.1 to 10 m 2 / g. 請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の非水系2次電池用負極材料の製造方法において、上記ナフタレンピッチを主成分とする原料を不融化処理することなく熱反応に供して上記多環芳香族系炭化水素を得てなることを特徴とする非水系2次電池用負極材料の製造方法。4. The method for producing a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the raw material mainly composed of the naphthalene pitch is subjected to a thermal reaction without subjecting it to an infusible treatment, and the polycyclic aromatic is produced. A method for producing a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous secondary battery, characterized in that it is obtained from a base hydrocarbon. 請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の非水系2次電池用負極材料を用いる非水系2次電池。The non-aqueous secondary battery using the negative electrode material for non-aqueous secondary batteries in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014192150A (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-06 Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd Anode material for alkali metal ion secondary battery, anode active material for alkali metal ion secondary battery, anode for alkali metal ion secondary battery, and alkali metal ion secondary battery

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014192150A (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-06 Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd Anode material for alkali metal ion secondary battery, anode active material for alkali metal ion secondary battery, anode for alkali metal ion secondary battery, and alkali metal ion secondary battery

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