JP2004339420A - Decomposing method for mixture of moldings comprising biodegradable resin and plant - Google Patents
Decomposing method for mixture of moldings comprising biodegradable resin and plant Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004339420A JP2004339420A JP2003139898A JP2003139898A JP2004339420A JP 2004339420 A JP2004339420 A JP 2004339420A JP 2003139898 A JP2003139898 A JP 2003139898A JP 2003139898 A JP2003139898 A JP 2003139898A JP 2004339420 A JP2004339420 A JP 2004339420A
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- biodegradable resin
- urea
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/105—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Abstract
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生分解性樹脂組成物と植物の混合物の簡易な分解方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
合成プラスチックは現代の社会生活において不可欠であるが、合成プラスチックの廃棄には焼却処理や埋め立て処理をする必要がある。焼却処理をした場合、地球温暖化の促進や、特定の種類のプラスチックは焼却時にダイオキシンの発生などの環境問題が懸念される。
【０００３】
そこで、最近では生分解性樹脂組成物を使用して従来の合成プラスチックの代替に使用する試みがなされている。従来の合成プラスチックとほぼ同じ強度が得られる生分解性樹脂として、ポリ乳酸系樹脂があるが、ポリ乳酸系樹脂は分解が遅く土中などでは４〜５年と分解時間が長くかかってしまう問題点がある。
【０００４】
例えば、特許文献１、２には、生分解性樹脂組成物のコンポスト化処理方法が開示されている。この方法は、生分解性樹脂組成物を細かく破砕しなければならないことに加え、生分解性樹脂組成物の含有量を抑えたり、有機性廃棄物を混合したりする必要があり、実施例を見れば明らかな通り、混合や破砕のために、一般的ではあるが大掛かりな混合装置が必要である。
【０００５】
また、一般的な、プラスチックの分解方法として、特許文献３にハラタケ目菌類培養床を用いた分解方法が開示されている。例として、プラスチックがポリ乳酸であるものも挙げられ、さらに、尿素を栄養素として加えても良いことが開示されている。
【０００６】
しかしながら、処理業者の場合には、温度を一定に保ったり、プラスチックを分解させるための菌を選択したりすることは可能であるが、一般家庭や、そのような装置がない場所での実施は現実的ではない。
【０００７】
【特許文献１】
特開平９−２４９４７４号公報
【特許文献２】
特開平９−２４９４７５号公報
【特許文献３】
特開２００２−３４８４０５号公報
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、上記問題点を解消し、生分解性樹脂からなる成形体と植物の混合物に尿素を添加する事で、簡易に比較的短時間で生分解性樹脂から成る成形体を分解する方法を提供することにある。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題は、生分解性樹脂からなる成形体と植物の混合物に尿素を添加することを特徴とする分解方法により解決する。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
この方法に対する理解を助けるために考えられているメカニズムを説明する。以下二段階のメカニズムが考えられている。
【００１１】
分解の第一段階としては、生分解性樹脂組からなる成形体と植物の混合物の中で、植物部分が微生物による分解により発酵する工程である。この工程では、発酵によって、全体の温度が上昇する。その際尿素は発酵を助ける栄養分の役割を果たし、発酵を活発化させ、上昇した温度を長続きさせる効果がある。温度上昇は周囲の状況にも因るが、６０〜８０℃程度になる。上昇した温度は、発酵を助けると共に、後述する、生分解性樹脂を分解させる第二段階を引き起こす。
【００１２】
第二段階は、生分解性樹脂組が加水分解される工程である。生分解性樹脂の分解は一般に、初め加水分解によって数百から数千の分子量まで分解された後に、微生物によって分解される。加水分解を進めるためには水分と温度が必要であり、特に分解温度は生分解性樹脂のガラス転移温度以上である事が必要である。本発明では、植物に含まれる水分と、発酵段階での温度によって、加水分解が引き起こされる。この際尿素は第一段階同様、温度上昇を長続きさせることで、加水分解を円滑に行うことに加えて、全体を若干アルカリ性にすることによって、さらに生分解性樹脂組成物の加水分解を促進させる効果がある。６０〜８０℃という温度は生分解性樹脂組成物を加水分解させるのに好適な温度である。
【００１３】
生分解性樹脂を分解させる時間は、できるだけ速い方が場所を取らず好ましく、１年以内に完全に分解させる事が好ましい。
【００１４】
又、本発明の好ましい使用例としては、生分解性樹脂からなる成形体を使用した後に、植物と成形体が混合し、分離することが困難なときに、植物と成形体を同時に処理する場合である。たとえば、農園芸や土木、漁業分野での使用が好ましい。
【００１５】
次に各構成についてさらに詳しく述べる。
【００１６】
本発明に用いられる尿素は、水に溶かして用いるとさらに好ましい。全体に、行き渡らせることが可能である上に、用いた水が、加水分解にも用いられるという効果もある。
【００１７】
扱い易さの観点から、水に溶かして用いる際の濃度は２％以上５０％以下が好ましい。
【００１８】
本発明の方法に適用される、生分解性樹脂組成物としては、デンプン系、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート系、脂肪族ポリエステル系などが挙げられる。本発明の方法は、脂肪族ポリエステルにより好適な方法であり、その中でも、ポリ乳酸系樹脂からなるものがより好ましい。ポリ乳酸系樹脂としては、Ｌ−乳酸単位またはＤ−乳酸単位を８０％以上含有するポリ乳酸系樹脂により好ましく適用される。また、このポリ乳酸系樹脂は、融点が１５０℃以上であればいろいろな成形体で使用するのに、充分な強度を持つ成形体が可能であり好ましい。
【００１９】
生分解性樹脂組からなる成形体としては、繊維からなるもの、シートからなるもの、押し出し成形体等どれでもよい。
【００２０】
混合する植物は、農作物の収穫時に残った根や葉、蔦など特に規定はないが、乾いたものよりも、ある程度水分を含んだものが好ましい。すなわち、生分解性樹脂組成物の加水分解時に水分が必要とされるからである。
【００２１】
又、分解途中で、かき混ぜたり、上下などを入れ替えたりすることがより好ましい。かき混ぜたり、上下を入れ替えたりする工程によって、均一になる上に、空気が入ることによって発酵が進み易くなる。
【００２２】
この方法は以下の幾つかの観点から、特に農園芸用途に用いられる生分解性樹脂からなる成形体に適している。
【００２３】
尿素は、一般的に、農薬に用いられる上、人などの哺乳動物の尿中にも含まれる。すなわち、農作業の現場に、尿素がごく一般的に存在することを意味している。また、尿素の添加方法として、動物の尿などを用いても構わない。
【００２４】
また、農園芸分野では蔓と絡まったネットを廃棄するような状況が考えられる。例えば、長芋やきゅうりなどを栽培するにあたって、その蔓を支えて、誘引する誘引ネットを用いる。このネットは、収穫後に蔓と分別することができないため、根元から蔓の絡まった状態で切断して処理をする必要がある。
【００２５】
この誘引ネットはこれまで、使いやすさや、強度の問題で、ポリプロピレンや、ポリエチレンの繊維から作られており、野焼き処理を余儀なくされていた。しかしながら、野焼き処理を禁止する条例が多くなってきており、焼却に高いコストがかかる現状がある。そこで、生分解性樹脂であるポリ乳酸系樹脂を用いた誘引ネットが開発され始めており、その誘引ネットを短期間で分解処分する必要性に迫られている。この場合には植物（蔓）と生分解性樹脂からなる成形体（ポリ乳酸系繊維）とが共存して、混合物となっているため、この場合に本発明の方法を用いるのは非常に効果的である。
【００２６】
又、分解後に残った残物は堆肥として再度利用する事ができる。
【００２７】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明はこの実施例に限定されない。
【００２８】
［実施例１］
カネボウ製ポリ乳酸系樹脂（ラクトロン）からなる単糸繊度４２０ｄｔｅｘのモノフィラメントを３本撚り合わせたセットを更に３本撚り合わせて、計９本組のロープ状物とし、これを用いて高さ１．５ｍ、幅１００ｍの角目ネットを作成した。展帳ロープにも同じモノフィラメントを９０本合わせたものを使用して、ネット上部の穴を通し、ネットを張り、５月に長芋を約２５ｃｍ間隔で植え、１０月に長芋を収穫した
【００２９】
１０月に長芋を収穫した後、蔓が絡まった状態で、ネットを巻き取った。巻き取ったネットと蔓の束は約３ｍの直径になった。ネットの巻き取りは、尿素粉末をネット幅１ｍに対して約１ｇ程度の割合になるように、蒔きながら行った。巻き取ったネットと蔓は、そのまま畑の隅に放置した。１ヶ月後のネットの状況を観察した。
【００３０】
［実施例２］
巻き取ったネットと蔓の内側と外側を１５日後に混ぜ返す以外は実施例１と同様に行った。
【００３１】
［実施例３］
尿素粉末の代わりに３０重量％尿素水溶液用いる以外は実施例１と同様に行った。
【００３２】
［比較例１］
尿素を蒔かずに処理する以外は実施例１と同様に行った。
【００３３】
［比較例２］
実施例１と同じポリ乳酸からなるネットをロール状に巻き取って３０重量％尿素水溶液をかけて、１ヶ月後のネットの状況を観察した。
【００３４】
［比較例３］
実施例１と同じポリ乳酸からなるネットをロール状に巻き取り、３ヶ月後のネットの状況を観察した。
【００３５】
ネットを構成しているポリ乳酸繊維の３０％以上が消滅しており、残存部も軽く触ったらつぶれる程度分解していれば◎、消滅している部分が３０％未満であるが、軽く引張ると切れる程度分解していれば○、軽く引張って切れない場合は×と判断した。
【００３６】
【表１】
実施例１から３はいずれも良好な分解性を示した。実施例２と３は掘り返すことや、尿素を水に溶解して用いる事で分解を促進させ、特に良好であった。又残存物は、後に肥料として用いることもできた。
【００３８】
比較例１は植物の発酵温度が充分に上がらず、ポリ乳酸繊維がほとんど分解していなかった。
【００３９】
比較例２は植物の発酵がないためにポリ乳酸繊維は全く分解しなかった。
【００４０】
比較例３は分解させる要素が何もなく、ポリ乳酸繊維は全く分解しなかった。
【００４１】
この結果から、尿素を添加することにより、生分解性樹脂組成物の分解に効果があることが分かった。また、掘り返すことや、尿素を水に溶解して用いることの効果もあることが分かった。
【００４２】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、生分解性樹脂組成物を簡易に遅くとも１年以内に分解することが可能となった。また、この方法は特に農業用途での使用に適しており、植物と生分解性樹脂を分けることなく一緒に分解することも可能となり、さらに残さは、肥料としても用いることができた。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a simple method for decomposing a mixture of a biodegradable resin composition and a plant.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Synthetic plastics are indispensable in modern social life, but disposal of synthetic plastics requires incineration and landfill. In the case of incineration, there is a concern about promotion of global warming and environmental problems such as generation of dioxin when burning certain types of plastics.
[0003]
Thus, recently, attempts have been made to use a biodegradable resin composition to replace conventional synthetic plastics. Polylactic acid-based resin is a biodegradable resin that can provide almost the same strength as conventional synthetic plastics, but polylactic acid-based resin decomposes slowly and takes a long time to decompose in soil, for example, 4 to 5 years. There are points.
[0004]
For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method for composting a biodegradable resin composition. In this method, in addition to having to crush the biodegradable resin composition finely, it is necessary to reduce the content of the biodegradable resin composition or to mix organic waste, and As can be seen, a general but extensive mixing device is required for mixing and crushing.
[0005]
As a general method for decomposing plastics, Patent Document 3 discloses a decomposition method using a fungus culture bed of Agaricus. Examples include those in which the plastic is polylactic acid, and further discloses that urea may be added as a nutrient.
[0006]
However, in the case of a processor, it is possible to keep the temperature constant and to select bacteria for decomposing plastic, but it is not possible to carry out the method in ordinary households or places without such equipment. Not realistic.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-249474 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-9-249475 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-2002-348405
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to easily decompose a molded article made of a biodegradable resin in a relatively short time by adding urea to a mixture of a molded article made of the biodegradable resin and a plant. It is to provide a way to do it.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above object is achieved by a decomposition method characterized by adding urea to a mixture of a molded body and a plant made of a biodegradable resin.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Describe the mechanisms that are considered to help understand this method. The following two-step mechanism is considered.
[0011]
The first stage of the decomposition is a process in which a plant part is fermented by decomposition by a microorganism in a mixture of a molded body and a plant comprising a biodegradable resin set. In this step, the overall temperature rises due to the fermentation. At that time, urea plays a role of nutrients to assist fermentation, activate fermentation, and has the effect of prolonging the elevated temperature. The temperature rise is about 60 to 80 ° C., depending on the surrounding conditions. The elevated temperature assists fermentation and causes a second step, described below, to degrade the biodegradable resin.
[0012]
The second step is a step in which the biodegradable resin set is hydrolyzed. Biodegradable resins are generally degraded by microorganisms after being first degraded to hundreds to thousands of molecular weights by hydrolysis. In order to promote the hydrolysis, moisture and temperature are required, and particularly, the decomposition temperature needs to be higher than the glass transition temperature of the biodegradable resin. In the present invention, hydrolysis is caused by the moisture contained in the plant and the temperature during the fermentation stage. At this time, the urea promotes the hydrolysis of the biodegradable resin composition further by making the whole slightly alkaline, in addition to performing the hydrolysis smoothly by keeping the temperature rise for a long time as in the first step. effective. The temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. is a temperature suitable for hydrolyzing the biodegradable resin composition.
[0013]
The time for decomposing the biodegradable resin is preferably as fast as possible without taking up space, and it is preferable to completely decompose the resin within one year.
[0014]
Further, as a preferred use example of the present invention, after using a molded body made of a biodegradable resin, when the plant and the molded body are mixed and difficult to separate, when the plant and the molded body are simultaneously treated It is. For example, use in the fields of agriculture and horticulture, civil engineering, and fishing is preferred.
[0015]
Next, each configuration will be described in more detail.
[0016]
The urea used in the present invention is more preferably used after being dissolved in water. In addition to being able to be distributed throughout, there is an effect that the water used is also used for hydrolysis.
[0017]
From the viewpoint of ease of handling, the concentration when dissolved in water and used is preferably 2% or more and 50% or less.
[0018]
Examples of the biodegradable resin composition applied to the method of the present invention include starch, polyhydroxyalkanoate, and aliphatic polyester. The method of the present invention is more suitable for aliphatic polyesters, and among them, a method comprising a polylactic acid-based resin is more preferable. As the polylactic acid-based resin, a polylactic acid-based resin containing at least 80% of an L-lactic acid unit or a D-lactic acid unit is preferably used. The polylactic acid-based resin having a melting point of 150 ° C. or higher is preferable because a molded article having sufficient strength can be used for various molded articles.
[0019]
The molded article made of the biodegradable resin set may be any of a fiber, a sheet, and an extruded article.
[0020]
The plants to be mixed are not particularly limited, such as roots, leaves, ivy, and the like remaining when the crop is harvested, but those containing a certain amount of water are preferable to those that are dry. That is, moisture is required at the time of hydrolysis of the biodegradable resin composition.
[0021]
In addition, it is more preferable to stir or exchange the upper and lower parts during the disassembly. The process of stirring or exchanging the top and bottom makes the fermentation uniform, and the air enters to facilitate fermentation.
[0022]
This method is particularly suitable for a molded article made of a biodegradable resin used in agricultural and horticultural applications from the following several viewpoints.
[0023]
Urea is generally used for pesticides and is also contained in urine of mammals such as humans. In other words, it means that urea is very generally present at the site of agricultural work. Also, urine of animals may be used as a method of adding urea.
[0024]
In the field of agriculture and horticulture, it is possible to discard nets entangled with vines. For example, when growing yams or cucumbers, an attracting net is used to support and attract the vine. Since this net cannot be separated from the vine after harvesting, it is necessary to cut and process the vine from the root in a tangled state.
[0025]
Until now, this attracting net has been made of polypropylene or polyethylene fibers due to problems of ease of use and strength, and has been forced to open burning. However, the number of ordinances prohibiting open burning is increasing, and there is a situation where incineration requires high costs. Therefore, an attraction net using a polylactic acid-based resin, which is a biodegradable resin, has begun to be developed, and there is a pressing need to decompose and dispose of the attraction net in a short period of time. In this case, since the plant (vine) and the molded body (polylactic acid-based fiber) made of the biodegradable resin coexist and are a mixture, it is very effective to use the method of the present invention in this case. It is a target.
[0026]
The residue left after the decomposition can be reused as compost.
[0027]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0028]
[Example 1]
A set of three monofilaments made of Kanebo-made polylactic acid-based resin (lactron) having a single filament fineness of 420 dtex and three strands was further twisted together to form a set of nine ropes, and a height of 1. A square net having a width of 5 m and a width of 100 m was prepared. Using the same monofilament of 90 pieces as the exhibition rope, the net was stretched through the hole at the top of the net, the yam was planted at intervals of about 25 cm in May, and the yam was harvested in October.
After harvesting the yam in October, the net was wound up with vines entangled. The wound net and bundle of vines had a diameter of about 3 m. The winding of the net was performed while sowing the urea powder at a rate of about 1 g per 1 m of the net width. The wound net and vines were left in the corner of the field. One month later, the status of the net was observed.
[0030]
[Example 2]
The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the wound net and the inside and outside of the vine were mixed back after 15 days.
[0031]
[Example 3]
The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 30% by weight aqueous urea solution was used instead of the urea powder.
[0032]
[Comparative Example 1]
The procedure was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the treatment was performed without sowing urea.
[0033]
[Comparative Example 2]
A net made of the same polylactic acid as in Example 1 was wound into a roll, and a 30% by weight aqueous urea solution was applied thereto, and the state of the net after one month was observed.
[0034]
[Comparative Example 3]
A net made of the same polylactic acid as in Example 1 was wound into a roll, and the state of the net after three months was observed.
[0035]
If 30% or more of the polylactic acid fiber constituting the net has disappeared and the remaining portion has been decomposed to the point that it can be crushed by lightly touching it, the disappearing portion is less than 30%, but if it is pulled lightly It was judged as "good" when it was decomposed to the extent that it could be cut, and as "x" when it was not lightly pulled to be cut.
[0036]
[Table 1]
Examples 1 to 3 all showed good degradability. Examples 2 and 3 were particularly good, because they were dug up and urea was dissolved in water to promote decomposition. The residue could also be used later as fertilizer.
[0038]
In Comparative Example 1, the fermentation temperature of the plant did not rise sufficiently, and the polylactic acid fiber was hardly decomposed.
[0039]
In Comparative Example 2, the polylactic acid fiber did not decompose at all because there was no fermentation of the plant.
[0040]
In Comparative Example 3, there was no element to be decomposed, and the polylactic acid fiber was not decomposed at all.
[0041]
From these results, it was found that the addition of urea was effective in decomposing the biodegradable resin composition. Moreover, it turned out that there is also an effect of excavating and using urea dissolved in water.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it has become possible to easily decompose the biodegradable resin composition within one year at the latest. In addition, this method is particularly suitable for use in agricultural applications, and it is possible to decompose plants and biodegradable resins together without separating them, and the residue can be used as fertilizer.
Claims (3)
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Cited By (3)
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| JP2009091463A (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-30 | Shimizu Corp | Volume reducing method for polylactic acid |
| JP2023506588A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2023-02-16 | トリプルダブリュー リミテッド | Methods and systems for lactic acid production and polylactic acid recycling |
| CN115806726A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2023-03-17 | 南亚塑胶工业股份有限公司 | Degradable environment-friendly polyester film and environment-friendly polyester composition thereof |
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