JP2004329056A - Feed additive, method for producing the feed additive, and mixed feed - Google Patents

Feed additive, method for producing the feed additive, and mixed feed Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004329056A
JP2004329056A JP2003126661A JP2003126661A JP2004329056A JP 2004329056 A JP2004329056 A JP 2004329056A JP 2003126661 A JP2003126661 A JP 2003126661A JP 2003126661 A JP2003126661 A JP 2003126661A JP 2004329056 A JP2004329056 A JP 2004329056A
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Prior art keywords
lactic acid
feed
feed additive
lactobacillus
genus
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JP2003126661A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Koji Shiomi
浩二 汐見
Shunichi Kikuta
俊一 菊田
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FUAABEST KK
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FUAABEST KK
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a feed additive activating physiology provided to the body of livestock or the like, and a mixed feed improved in quality by utilizing such a feed additive. <P>SOLUTION: The feed additive contains at least one kind of lactobacillus belonging to the genus Lactobacillus and the genus Leuconostoc. The lactobacillus comprises at least one kind selected from Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus furctivorans, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and further preferably contains at least one kind of yeast belonging to the genus Saccharomyces, the genus Torulopsis, and the genus Candida. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、家畜の飼料や魚介類等の餌料などに添加して、これら被飼育動物の健康を維持すると共に、飼料の摂取効率を高めるに用いる飼料添加物、並びにその目的に適した調合飼料に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在の畜産業においては、経営の効率化を図るために家畜の飼育密度を高めようとする傾向が高まっている。そのため、畜舎などの中のアンモニア濃度が増加するなど、飼育環境が劣化してくる結果、家畜の食欲が低下したり、健康に障害が生じたりするほか、飼料効率が低下して、豚や肉牛、或いはブロイラーなどでは体重増加率が下がる、採卵鶏では採卵率が低下するなどの現象が見られる。また水産業における海老や魚介類等の養殖においても、過密養殖となると水質の低下により餌の摂取率が下がり、余剰の餌が水底に沈積して更に水質を悪化させ、微生物の増殖などを来すことで、病死や斃死を招くなどの支障に繋がる。
【0003】
そこで、家畜や養殖水産生物などの動物の生活環境の劣化に伴って、健康が損なわれることが多くなるので、これら動物を疾病などから守るために、抗生物質などの各種の動物用医薬品などを添加した飼料が用いられているが、こうした動物薬の多用が、却って耐性菌の出現に繋がることもあるほか、余剰の飼料による飼育環境の汚染が増大する、或いは家畜や養殖水産生物の体内に医薬品成分が残留するなどの現象を通じて、人体へ及ぼす悪影響の防止も問題となっている。
【0004】
そこで、動物薬等の使用を抑制して各種の生菌剤などを投与することで、動物に体調を改善すると共に、健康を維持しようとする試みが進められているが、菌の変異や雑菌の混入などの問題もあって、生菌剤の評価が確定しておらず、抗生物質の使用を廃止するには踏み切れていないのが実情である。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで本発明は、家畜や養殖水産生物など(以下、単に「家畜等」と言うことがある。)の飼料や餌料(以下、単に「飼料等」と言うことがある。)に、動物薬などを添加する代わりに、家畜等の体に備わる生理機能を活性化させることができる飼料添加物を使用することで、家畜等の健全且つ安全な成育を実現することを目的とする。即ち本発明は、家畜等の体に備わる生理機能を活性化させる飼料添加物、並びにこうした飼料添加物を利用して改質された調合飼料を提供するものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の飼料添加物は、ラクトバチルス属及びロイコノストック属に属する少なくとも1種以上の乳酸菌を含んでなることを特徴とする。そして、前記乳酸菌が、ラクトバチルス・ファーメンタム、ラクトバチルス・ブレービス、ラクトバチルス・フルクティボランス、及びロイコノストック・メゼンテロイデスから選ばれた、少なくとも1種以上の乳酸菌であることが望ましい。
【0007】
また、本発明の飼料添加物としては、請求項3に記載されているように、前記乳酸菌に加えて、サッカロミセス属、トルロプシス属、及びカンジダ属に属する少なくとも1種の酵母を含むものであってもよい。
【0008】
更に、本発明の飼料添加物は、請求項4に記載されているように、前記乳酸菌と植物性の賦形剤とを含み、粒状乃至粉状の乾燥固形物であることが好ましく、また請求項5に記載されているように、前記賦形剤が、穀物粉または穀物糠粉であることが更に好ましい。
【0009】
そして特に、請求項6に記載されているように、前記乳酸菌の含有量が、3×10 〜3×10 CFU/gの範囲にあるものが、経済的であり、使用しやすいことから、特に好ましい。
【0010】
そして、上記の本発明の飼料添加物を製造するには、ラクトバチルス属及びロイコノストック属に属する乳酸菌を水性培地により培養して培養液を得、該培養液を乾燥し粉末化したのち植物性の賦形剤と混合するか、または該培養液を植物性の賦形剤と混合したのち乾燥し粉末化するかの、いずれかの手段により、該乳酸菌の含有量が、3×10 〜3×10 CFU/gの範囲に入る如く配合する方法が適切である。
【0011】
また、本発明の飼料添加物により改質された、家畜等の健康維持に有益な調合飼料は、ラクトバチルス属及びロイコノストック属に属する乳酸菌の含有量が、3×10 CFU/gから3×10 CFU/gの範囲内、即ち3×10 CFU/kgから3×1010CFU/kgの範囲内にあるものである。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の飼料添加物は、ラクトバチルス属(Lactobacillus) 及びロイコノストック属(Leuconostoc) に属する少なくとも1種以上の乳酸菌、特にその生菌体を含むものであるが、このような乳酸菌は、草食性或いは雑食性である家畜等の飼料として、植物性の材料を主として用いている配合飼料には、特に適した菌であることが、本発明者によって発見された。そして、このような植物性材料に適合した乳酸菌(以下、植物系乳酸菌ということがある)、特に乳酸と乳酸以外の代謝物とを共に産生するヘテロ発酵型の乳酸菌である、ラクトバチルス属及びロイコノストック属の乳酸菌は、これを配合して得た飼料を家畜等が好んで食するほか、食した家畜等の消化器に対して整腸作用が働き、健康状態を改善すると共に高い飼料効率を発現し、糞尿の臭気を少なくするため、飼育環境も改善される効果もあること、これに対して植物系乳酸菌ではあるが、乳酸のみを代謝物として産生するホモ発酵型の乳酸菌や、動物系のヘテロ発酵型乳酸菌及びホモ発酵型乳酸菌は、このような効果を示さないことを見出して、本発明を完成したものである。
【0013】
上記のラクトバチルス属及びロイコノストック属の乳酸菌として、種々の菌種があり、それぞれ前記のような効果にはバラツキもあるが、例えばラクトバチルス・ファーメンタム(Lactobacillus fermentum) 、ラクトバチルス・ブレービス(Lactobacillus brevis)、ラクトバチルス・フルクティボランス(Lactobacillus furctivorans)、及びロイコノストック・メゼンテロイデス(Leuconostoc mesenteroides) などが特に優れた効果を示すものである。これらの乳酸菌は1種のみを使用することもできるが、2種以上を併用してもよく、また、これら以外のラクトバチルス属及びロイコノストック属の一般の乳酸菌などを、加えて用いることもできるが、上記の一般の乳酸菌を、前記の特定の乳酸菌より大量に用いることは望ましくない。
【0014】
これらのラクトバチルス属及びロイコノストック属の乳酸菌は、それ自体は公知の菌であり、例えば学会出版センター発行の「発酵工学の基礎知識」、或いは「乳酸菌の科学と技術」などに記載された公知の液状培地を用いて培養を行い、本発明の飼料添加物の原料とすることができる。そのためには、これらの乳酸菌を効率的に大量培養する必要があるが、乳酸菌の培地としては、炭素源、窒素源、ミネラル、ビタミン等を多く含む植物系の培地源を含む水性液を用いることが好ましい。そのうち、炭素源としては、イモ類、穀類などから得られるデンプンなどの炭水化物や、糖類などが好ましく、また窒素源としては、豆類などから得られるタンパク質を含む有機質材料や、硝酸塩などの無機塩などが好ましい。更にはリン酸塩などの塩類、野菜類や果菜類のジュースなどを、水性培地に配合することも好ましい。
【0015】
一方、本発明の飼料添加物の原料とするための乳酸菌の培地には、サッカロミセス属(Saccharomyces) 、トルロプシス属(Torulopsis)、及びカンジダ属(Candida) に属する少なくとも1種の酵母を存在させることが望ましい。このような酵母は、培地中に含まれる植物性の炭水化物などの分解を助けて、乳酸菌の増殖を促進するものと推定され、また飼料添加物に含まれる成分の一つとして、飼料の消化を助けると共に飼料の栄養価を高める効果を持つものである。
【0016】
そして本発明において用いられる前記の酵母としては、サッカロミセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、サッカロミセス・ルクシー(Saccharomyces rouxii)、トルロプシス・バーサティリス(Torulopsis versatilis) 、トルロプシス・ハロフィリス(Torulopsis harophilys) 、カンジダ・ウティリス(Candida utilis)、カンジダ・アルボレア(Candida arborea) などを挙げることができるが、病原性がなくて植物性原料の分解に有効なものであれば、これらに限定されることなく利用することができる。
【0017】
なお、上記のような培地に対する乳酸菌類の初期の接種量は、グリーンベンチ内で接種作業を行う場合には特に限定はないが、水性培地中の乳酸菌濃度で、1×10 CFU/ml程度以上とすることが望ましく、また酵母類の初期の接種量も、グリーンベンチ内で接種作業を行う場合には特に限定はないが、同じく水性培地中の酵母濃度で、1×10 CFU/ml程度以上とすることが望ましい。そして、乳酸菌類の培養条件としては、例えば緩徐な通気条件下で、35℃〜40℃、1〜3日程度の培養を行い、培養液中の乳酸菌濃度が、1×10 〜1×1010CFU/ml程度となるように調整することが好ましい。
【0018】
こうして培養された水性培地中には、10 〜10 CFU/ml程度の乳酸菌に加えて、通常は10 〜10 CFU/ml程度の酵母が含まれるが、この酵母の含有量には特に制限はなく、多すぎても飼料の栄養価の改善効果が期待できる程度であり、何らの不利もない。
【0019】
上記の乳酸菌含有培養液は、そのまま噴霧乾燥して、培地中に残存する栄養成分と等と共に粉体化し、これと粉末状の賦形剤と混合するか、或いは乾燥した粉末状の賦形剤に培養液を混合して湿り配合物とし、これを温風中に投じて気流乾燥するなどの方法で、賦形剤上に乳酸菌を担持した飼料添加剤を製造することができる。こうして得られた飼料添加剤中の乳酸菌は生菌体であることが好ましいので、乳酸菌培養液の乾燥条件は温和であることが望ましい。しかしながら、乳酸菌培養液と賦形剤との配合は上記の方法に限られるものではなく、適宜の方法を利用することができる。
【0020】
本発明の飼料添加剤を製造するに用いられる賦形剤は、飼料添加剤を飼料に配合する際の作業性と、飼料添加剤自体の取扱い性とを高めるためのもので、飼料に配合するに適した粉末状、粒状、顆粒状などの、植物性材料を利用することができるが、中でも穀物粉や穀物糠粉などを使用することが好ましい。そしてまた、本発明の飼料添加剤には、賦形剤の他にも、例えば家畜等の嗜好に合うように、粉末カゼイン、蜂蜜などを添加してもよく、更に給飼対象の家畜等に応じて適宜の配合剤を加えることができる。
【0021】
本発明の飼料添加剤において、賦形剤に対する乳酸菌の担持量は特に限定されるものではないが、飼料添加剤中の乳酸菌含有量として、3×10 CFU/gから3×10 CFU/gの範囲内であることが好ましい。乳酸菌含有量が3×10 CFU/gより少ないと、飼料に対する添加量を増加するのに限度があって、乳酸菌の配合効果が期待できなくなり、一方、乳酸菌含有量が3×10 CFU/gを超えると、コストが高くなるうえ、乳酸菌の配合効果を調整するのには、飼料に対する添加剤の量が少なくて均一に配合することが難しくなるから、何れも好ましくない。
【0022】
そして、本発明の飼料添加剤を添加するなどによって、乳酸菌を富化した本発明の調合飼料としては、乳酸菌含有量が3×10 CFU/gから3×10 CFU/gの範囲内、即ち3×10 CFU/kgから3×1010CFU/kgの範囲内であることが好ましい。これは、飼料に対する本発明の飼料添加剤の添加量が約1%前後で、添加操作が容易であるほか、飼料中の乳酸菌含有量が3×10 CFU/kgより少ないと、家畜等の健康維持の効果が余り期待できず、また3×1010CFU/kgより多くなると、コスト高となって経済的でないからである。
【0023】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて詳細に説明するが、本発明は実施例の記載に限定されるものではなく、本発明の主旨に反しないかぎり、適宜の変形を加えて実施できることは言うまでもない。
【0024】
(乳酸菌の培養)
植物性材料に適合した乳酸菌として、ヘテロ発酵型のラクトバチルス・ファーメンタム(Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC14931) a、ラクトバチルス・ブレービス(Lactobacillus brevis ATCC14434)b、ラクトバチルス・フルクティボランス(Lactobacillus furctivorans ATCC27742)c、ロイコノストック・メゼンテロイデス(Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC14430) d、及びホモ発酵型のペディオコッカス・ハロフィルス(Pediococcus halophilus ATCC21786)eを選んだ。そしてまた酵母として、サッカロミセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC10247)u、サッカロミセス・ルクシー(Saccharomyces rouxii)v、トルロプシス・ハロフィリス(Torulopsis harophilys)w 、カンジダ・アルボレア(Candida arborea)xを選んで、それぞれの1×10 〜1×10 CFU/mlの種菌液を用意した。
【0025】
一方で、固形分8%の豆乳1000mlと、120℃のオートクレーブで滅菌処理したジャガイモとニンジン各20gとを混合し、ミキサーによる均質微細化の後に160メッシュの篩を通して、均一な懸濁液状の、植物系乳酸菌用水性培地Aを調製した。そして、この水性培地Aを入れた攪拌機付の培養器を、前記の乳酸菌a〜eに対応して、9基用意した。
【0026】
次いで、それぞれの培養器中の水性培地Aに、乳酸菌a〜eから選んだいずれかの種菌液1mlをグリーンベンチ内で加えると共に、酵母u〜xから選んだいずれかの種菌液1mlをグリーンベンチ内で加え、温度37℃で72時間攪拌培養して、表1に示すような乳酸菌含有量(CFU/ml)と、酵母含有量(CFU/ml)とを有する培養液au1〜eu1 及び参考例の培養液av1、aw1、ax1、a1を得た。この培養成績から、酵母u〜xの共存下の乳酸菌は、酵母を用いない培養液a1よりも生育が良好であることがわかる。
【0027】
更に比較例として、動物系乳酸菌である、ホモ発酵型のラクトバチルス・アシドフィルス(Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC43551) fと、ヘテロ発酵型のラクトバチルス・ブチネリ(Lactobacillus buchneri ATCC11579)gとをを選び、また酵母として、前記と同様にサッカロミセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC10247)uを選んで、それぞれの1×10 〜1×10 CFU/mlの種菌液を用意した。
【0028】
そして、純水1000mlと、スキムミルク100gと、ペプトン6gと、乳糖34gとを混合して、均一な乳濁液状の、動物系乳酸菌用水性培地Bを調製した。また更に、この水性培地Bを入れた攪拌機付の培養器を、前記の乳酸菌f、gに対応して、2基用意した。こうして、それぞれの培養器中の水性培地Bに、乳酸菌f、gから選んだいずれかの種菌液10μlを加えると共に、酵母uの種菌液2μlを加え、温度37℃で72時間攪拌培養して、表1に示すような乳酸菌含有量(CFU/ml)と、酵母含有量(CFU/ml)とを有する培養液fu1 及びgu1を得た。
【0029】
なお、乳酸菌含有量の測定には、測定試料をリン酸緩衝0.85%食塩水で予想菌数に応じて多段階に希釈して、希釈度の異なる複数の試料液を調製し、各1mlをシャーレに分注し43〜45℃に保持しておき、ペプトン5g/l、酵母エキス2.5g/l、グルコース1g/l、L−システイン0.1g/l、寒天15g/lを含み、ブロムクレゾールパープル(BCP)を添加したプレートカウント寒天培地を、これに注いで混合固化させ、35〜37℃で72時間培養した後、乳酸菌のコロニー数を数えて乳酸菌含有量(CFU/ml)を算出する方法によった。
【0030】
また、酵母含有量の測定には、馬鈴薯粉200g/l、デキストロース20g/l、寒天15g/lを含み、クロラムフェニコールを添加したポテトデキストロース寒天培地を、予め固化させておいたシャーレに、測定試料を前記と同様に、リン酸緩衝0.85%食塩水で多段階に希釈して調製した試料液0.1mlを注ぎ、コンラージ棒で均一に塗り広げて、25℃で5〜7日間培養し、酵母のコロニー数を数えて、酵母含有量(CFU/ml)を算出する方法によった。
【0031】
また、これらの乳酸菌a〜gの培養液au1 〜gu1 のそれぞれを、130℃の熱風を用いる試験用の噴霧乾燥機により乾燥処理し、それぞれ菌体粉末au2 〜gu2 を得た。そして、これらの菌体粉末au2 〜gu2 のそれぞれ1gを、前記と同様なリン酸緩衝0.85%食塩水9mlに溶かしたうえ、乳酸菌と酵母の含有量を前記の方法に準じて測定し、菌体粉末の1g当たりの菌数(CFU/g)を算出して、その結果を表1に併せて示した。
【0032】
【表1】

Figure 2004329056
【0033】
(飼料添加物の製造)
前記の乳酸菌の培養の工程で得た菌体粉末au2 〜gu2 は、何れも微粉末であって菌体濃度が高くまた濃度のバラツキがあるから、そのまま飼料添加物とすることは、取扱いが難しいうえに不経済でもある。そのため、これらの菌体粉末を粉末状の乳糖と配合して、菌体濃度が1桁少ない乳酸菌配合物とし、更にこの乳酸菌配合物を、例えば穀粉や糠などの賦形剤と配合して、飼料に配合する作業が容易な飼料添加物とすることが適当と考えられる。
【0034】
そこで、前記の菌体粉末au2 〜gu2 のそれぞれの菌体濃度を考慮して、菌体濃度が1.6×10 CFU/gとなるように、それぞれ乳糖との配合割合を調整し、且つ緊密に混合を行って、乳酸菌配合物au3 〜gu3 を製造した。そして、更に上記の乳酸菌配合物au3 〜gu3 の1重量部を米糠9重量部と配合し、充分に混合を行って、菌体濃度が何れも1.6×10 CFU/gに調整された、本発明例及び比較例の飼料添加物au4 〜gu4 を製造した。
【0035】
(調合飼料の製造)
ブロイラー飼育用の餌として、トウモロコシ:57.2重量部、大豆粉:32重量部、魚粉:7重量部、リン酸カルシウム:0.5重量部、カキ殻:0.6重量部、食塩:0.5重量部、米糠油:2重量部、DL−メチオニン:0.2重量部、合計100重量部の基礎配合組成を有するブロイラー基本飼料Cを用意した。そして調合飼料として、このブロイラー基本飼料C100重量部に対し、飼料添加物au4 〜du4 をそれぞれ1重量部配合した本発明のブロイラー調合飼料Ca〜Cdと、飼料添加物eu4 〜gu4 をそれぞれ1重量部配合した比較例のブロイラー調合飼料Ce〜Cg、及び抗生物質であるサルファートリメトプリムを含むフラボマイシン剤を0.05重量部配合した比較例のブロイラー調合飼料Crとを準備した。
【0036】
また、養豚用の餌として、破砕米:51.1重量部、米糠:1重量部、大豆粉:10.2重量部、押出全脱脂大豆:20.5重量部、魚粉:6.1重量部、脱脂粉乳:5.1重量部、大豆油:3.1重量部、リン酸カルシウム:1.1重量部、食塩:0.3重量部、L−リジン:0.2重量部、DL−メチオニン:0.2重量部、L−トレオニン:0.1重量部、ビタミン/ミネラル:1重量部、合計100重量部の基礎配合組成を有する養豚基本飼料Dを用意した。そして調合飼料として、この養豚基本飼料D100重量部に対し、飼料添加物au4 、du4 をそれぞれ1重量部配合した本発明の養豚調合飼料Da、Ddと、飼料添加物eu4 、gu4 をそれぞれ1重量部配合した比較例の養豚調合飼料De、Dg、及び抗生物質であるサルファートリメトプリムを含むフラボマイシン剤を0.20重量部配合した比較例の養豚調合飼料Drとを準備した。
【0037】
更に、麻蝦養殖用の餌として、魚粉:20重量部、米かす:12重量部、大豆かす:36重量部、粉砕蝦:10重量部、小麦粉:20重量部、デキストリン:2重量部、合計100重量部の基礎配合組成を有する麻蝦養殖用基本飼料Eを用意した。そして調合飼料として、この麻蝦養殖用基本飼料E100重量部に対し、飼料添加物bu4 、cu4 をそれぞれ1重量部配合した本発明の麻蝦養殖用調合飼料Eb、Ecと、飼料添加物eu4 、fu4 、gu4 をそれぞれ1重量部配合した比較例の麻蝦養殖用調合飼料Ee、Ef、Eg、及び抗生物質であるオキシテトラサイクリンを0.05重量部配合した比較例の麻蝦養殖用調合飼料Erとを準備した。
【0038】
(調合飼料によるブロイラー飼育試験)
白色プリマスロック系ブロイラーの2週齡幼雛から、各々平均体重300〜310gの50羽ずつを選んで、1.9m×4m毎の9区に分けた平飼い鶏舎にそれぞれ入れ、前記の本発明例のブロイラー調合飼料Ca、Cb、Cc、Cdと、比較例のブロイラー調合飼料Ce、Cf、Cgと、比較例の抗生物質入りブロイラー調合飼料Crと、基礎配合組成のみのブロイラー基本飼料Cとを、それぞれの区に給餌して、2週齡から7週齡まで肥育した。なお、水は給水器による自由給水、餌は絶えず餌が残っている不断給餌とした。こうして2〜7週齡の期間における飼料変換率、死亡率(%)、アンモニア濃度(ppm) を、後記の方法によって調べ、その結果を表2に示した。表2の結果をみると、本発明の飼料添加物を用いて調合した飼料を給餌した鶏は、抗生物質などの動物薬を用いずに健全且つ順調に生育し、飼料の効率もよく、鶏舎の環境悪化を防止できることが分かる。
【0039】
(1)飼料変換率は、飼育期間中の1個体当たりの平均飼料摂取量(kg)を、飼育期間中の1個体当たりの平均増加体重(kg)で除算した値、即ち倍率で表示した。
(2)死亡率は、飼育個体数に対する死亡個体数の比を、%単位で表示した。
(3)アンモニア濃度は、ポータブル型ニオイセンサ(ヤンマー社、XP−329N)を用いて、アンモニア濃度をppm 単位で表示した。
【0040】
【表2】
Figure 2004329056
【0041】
(調合飼料による養豚試験)
ランドレース交配種の4週齡離乳子豚から、各々平均体重9〜9.5kgの8頭ずつを選んで、1.5m×2m毎の6区に分けたカーテン豚舎にそれぞれ入れ、前記の本発明例の養豚調合飼料Da、Ddと、比較例の養豚調合飼料De、Dfと、比較例の抗生物質入り養豚調合飼料Drと、基礎配合組成のみの養豚基本飼料Dとを、それぞれの区に給餌して、4週齡から8週齡まで肥育した。なお、水は給水器による自由給水、餌も自由給餌とした。こうして4〜8週齡の期間における飼料変換率、死亡率(%)、アンモニア濃度(ppm) を、前記の方法に準じて調査し、その結果を表3に示した。表3の結果をみると、本発明の飼料添加物を用いて調合した飼料を給餌した豚は、抗生物質などの動物薬を用いずに健全且つ順調に生育し、飼料の効率もよく、畜舎の環境悪化も防止できることが分かる。
【0042】
【表3】
Figure 2004329056
【0043】
(調合飼料による麻蝦養殖試験)
麻蝦(メトベノエウス・アフニス・ヨシエビ・クルマエビ科)養殖用の5000m の池の6池区に、平均5〜8mmの幼蝦約50000匹をそれぞれ放ち、前記の本発明例の麻蝦養殖用調合飼料Eb、Ecと、比較例の麻蝦養殖用調合飼料Ee、Ef、Egと、比較例の抗生物質入り麻蝦養殖用調合飼料Erと、基礎配合組成のみの麻蝦養殖用基本飼料Eとを、それぞれの区に給餌して、50日間養育した。給餌に当たっては、蝦の1匹当たりの大きさを観察して、10日毎に給餌量の調整を行った。
【0044】
そして、この50日の養育期間における飼料変換率、死亡率(%)を、前記の方法に準じて調査すると共に、養育期間終了時の各区の蝦1kg(約100〜110匹)の体長を測定し、5回の測定により平均体長を求めた後、養育期間中の平均成長度(cm)を算出して、それらの結果を表4に示した。表4の結果を見ると、本発明の飼料添加物を用いて調合した飼料を給餌した麻蝦は、抗生物質などの動物薬を用いずに健全且つ順調に生育し、飼料の効率もよいことが分かる。
【0045】
【表4】
Figure 2004329056
【0046】
【発明の効果】
本発明の飼料添加物は、家畜等の飼育に際して、抗生物質などの動物薬を用いることなく家畜等の生理機能を活性化するほか、家畜等の飼育環境が改善される結果、家畜等が疾病に罹りにくい状態に維持されて、飼料の摂取が促進されるばかりでなく消化吸収の効率も高まって、成育状態も良くなる効果があり、健康な家畜等を効率よく多数生産できること、並びに家畜等の健康維持並びに飼育のコストが低減できることにより、大きな経済的効果も期待できる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a feed additive which is added to livestock feed or feed such as fish and shellfish to maintain the health of these bred animals and to enhance feed intake efficiency, and a mixed feed suitable for the purpose. About.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the current livestock industry, there is an increasing tendency to increase the breeding density of livestock in order to improve management efficiency. As a result, the breeding environment deteriorates, for example, due to an increase in the concentration of ammonia in the livestock barn.As a result, the appetite of livestock is reduced, the health is impaired, the feed efficiency is reduced, and pigs and beef cattle are reduced. Or, a phenomenon such as a decrease in weight gain rate in broilers and the like, and a decrease in egg collection rate in laying hens is observed. In the aquaculture of shrimp and fish and shellfish in the fishery industry, too high aquaculture results in a decrease in water quality, resulting in a decrease in food intake, and excess food is deposited on the bottom of the water, further deteriorating the water quality and causing microbial growth. This leads to troubles such as sickness and death.
[0003]
As the living environment of animals such as livestock and aquaculture products deteriorates, their health is often impaired.In order to protect these animals from diseases, various veterinary drugs such as antibiotics are used. The added feed is used, but such heavy use of animal drugs may lead to the emergence of resistant bacteria, increase the contamination of the breeding environment by surplus feed, or increase the amount of livestock and aquaculture products. Prevention of adverse effects on the human body through phenomena such as residual drug components has also become a problem.
[0004]
Therefore, attempts have been made to improve the physical condition and maintain health of animals by suppressing the use of veterinary drugs and administering various viable agents, etc. Due to problems such as contamination, the evaluation of viable bacterial agents has not been finalized, and the fact is that it has not been possible to abolish the use of antibiotics.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention provides feeds and feeds for livestock and aquaculture products (hereinafter may be simply referred to as “livestock etc.”) (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “feeds and the like”), animal drugs and the like. An object of the present invention is to realize healthy and safe growth of livestock and the like by using a feed additive capable of activating the physiological function of the body of the livestock and the like instead of adding the animal. That is, the present invention provides a feed additive that activates the physiological functions of the body of livestock and the like, and a formulated feed modified using such a feed additive.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The feed additive of the present invention is characterized by comprising at least one or more lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus and the genus Leuconostoc. The lactic acid bacterium is preferably at least one lactic acid bacterium selected from Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fructibolans, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides.
[0007]
Further, as described in claim 3, the feed additive of the present invention contains, in addition to the lactic acid bacterium, at least one yeast belonging to the genera Saccharomyces, Torulopsis, and Candida. Is also good.
[0008]
Further, as described in claim 4, the feed additive of the present invention preferably contains the lactic acid bacterium and a vegetable excipient, and is a granular or powdery dry solid. As described in item 5, it is further preferable that the excipient is cereal flour or cereal bran flour.
[0009]
In particular, as described in claim 6, the lactic acid bacterium having a content of 3 × 10 7 to 3 × 10 9 CFU / g is economical and easy to use. Are particularly preferred.
[0010]
In order to produce the above-mentioned feed additive of the present invention, a lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc is cultured in an aqueous medium to obtain a culture solution, and the culture solution is dried and powdered, and then planted. The lactic acid bacterium content by 3 × 10 7 , or by mixing the culture solution with a vegetable excipient and then drying and powdering. A method of blending so as to fall within the range of 33 × 10 9 CFU / g is appropriate.
[0011]
In addition, the formulated feed modified by the feed additive of the present invention and useful for maintaining the health of livestock and the like has a lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Lactobacillus or Leuconostoc which is from 3 × 10 5 CFU / g. It is in the range of 3 × 10 7 CFU / g, that is, in the range of 3 × 10 8 CFU / kg to 3 × 10 10 CFU / kg.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The feed additive of the present invention contains at least one or more lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus and the genus Leuconostoc, and particularly contains viable cells thereof. The present inventors have found that the bacterium is a particularly suitable bacterium for a compound feed mainly using plant materials as a feed for omnivorous livestock and the like. Lactobacillus spp. And Leuco, which are lactic acid bacteria compatible with such plant material (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as plant-based lactic acid bacteria), particularly heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria that produce both lactic acid and metabolites other than lactic acid. The lactic acid bacterium of the genus Nostock is used by livestock and the like to feed on the feed obtained by blending it, and also has an intestinal action on the digestive organs of the livestock and the like to improve health and improve feed efficiency. To improve the breeding environment to reduce the odor of manure, while it is a plant-based lactic acid bacterium, but it is a homofermentative lactic acid bacterium that produces only lactic acid as a metabolite, The present inventors have found that the heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria and the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria do not show such an effect and completed the present invention.
[0013]
As the lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc, there are various strains, and there are variations in the effects described above. For example, Lactobacillus fermentum (Lactobacillus fermentum), Lactobacillus brevis ( Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fructivorans, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and the like exhibit particularly excellent effects. One of these lactic acid bacteria can be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination. In addition, other lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc may be additionally used. Although it is possible, it is not desirable to use the above-mentioned general lactic acid bacteria in a larger amount than the above-mentioned specific lactic acid bacteria.
[0014]
These lactobacilli of the genus Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc are per se known bacteria, and are described in, for example, "Basic knowledge of fermentation engineering" published by Gakkai Shuppan Center, or "Science and technology of lactic acid bacteria". Cultivation is performed using a known liquid medium, which can be used as a raw material for the feed additive of the present invention. For this purpose, it is necessary to efficiently culture these lactic acid bacteria on a large scale.However, as a medium for the lactic acid bacteria, use an aqueous liquid containing a plant-based medium source rich in carbon sources, nitrogen sources, minerals, vitamins, etc. Is preferred. Among them, as the carbon source, carbohydrates such as starches obtained from potatoes and cereals, and sugars are preferable, and as the nitrogen source, organic materials including proteins obtained from beans and the like, inorganic salts such as nitrates, and the like. Is preferred. Furthermore, it is also preferable to mix salts such as phosphates and juices of vegetables and fruits and vegetables with the aqueous medium.
[0015]
On the other hand, at least one yeast belonging to the genus Saccharomyces, the genus Torulopsis, and the genus Candida may be present in the culture medium of lactic acid bacteria used as a raw material of the feed additive of the present invention. desirable. It is presumed that such yeasts promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria by helping to decompose vegetable carbohydrates and the like contained in the culture medium, and as one of the components contained in feed additives, digestion of feed. It has the effect of helping and increasing the nutritional value of the feed.
[0016]
Examples of the yeast used in the present invention include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces rouxii, Torulopsis versi sulphis tyropi sulphis tyropi sulphis tyropi sulphis tyropi sulphis tyropi sulphis tyropi sulphis tyropi sulphis tyropi sulphis tyropi sulphis tyropi sulphis tyropi sulphis tilis tyropis sulti sulphis tilis tyropis tyropis tyropi sulphis tyropis tyropis tyropis tyropis tyropi sulphis tyropis tyropis tyropis tyropi sulti utilis), Candida arborea, and the like. Any non-pathogenic and effective for decomposing plant materials can be used without limitation.
[0017]
The initial amount of lactic acid bacteria inoculated into the above-mentioned medium is not particularly limited when the inoculation is performed in a green bench, but the concentration of lactic acid bacteria in the aqueous medium is about 1 × 10 4 CFU / ml. It is preferable that the initial inoculum amount of yeasts is not particularly limited when the inoculation operation is performed in a green bench, but the yeast concentration in the aqueous medium is 1 × 10 2 CFU / ml. It is desirable to set it to the degree or more. As culturing conditions for lactic acid bacteria, for example, culturing is performed at 35 ° C. to 40 ° C. for about 1 to 3 days under a slow aeration condition, and the concentration of lactic acid bacteria in the culture solution is 1 × 10 8 to 1 × 10 It is preferable to adjust so as to be about 10 CFU / ml.
[0018]
The aqueous medium thus cultivated usually contains about 10 3 to 10 5 CFU / ml of yeast in addition to about 10 8 to 10 9 CFU / ml of lactic acid bacteria. There is no particular limitation. Even if the amount is too large, the effect of improving the nutritional value of the feed can be expected, and there is no disadvantage.
[0019]
The lactic acid bacteria-containing culture solution is spray-dried as it is, powdered together with nutrient components remaining in the medium, etc., and mixed with a powdered excipient, or a dried powdered excipient. The lactic acid bacterium is supported on an excipient to produce a feed additive by, for example, mixing a culture solution with the mixture to form a wet mixture, throwing the mixture into warm air, and flash-drying the mixture. Since the lactic acid bacteria in the thus obtained feed additive are preferably viable cells, the drying conditions of the lactic acid bacteria culture are preferably mild. However, the combination of the lactic acid bacteria culture and the excipient is not limited to the above method, and an appropriate method can be used.
[0020]
The excipient used to produce the feed additive of the present invention is used to enhance the workability when blending the feed additive into the feed and the handleability of the feed additive itself, and is blended into the feed. Vegetable materials such as powder, granules, and granules suitable for the above can be used, and among them, cereal flour and cereal bran flour are preferably used. In addition, in addition to the excipient, powdered casein, honey, etc. may be added to the feed additive of the present invention, for example, to suit the taste of livestock and the like. An appropriate compounding agent can be added accordingly.
[0021]
In the feed additive of the present invention, the amount of lactic acid bacteria carried by the excipient is not particularly limited, but the content of lactic acid bacteria in the feed additive is from 3 × 10 7 CFU / g to 3 × 10 9 CFU / g. It is preferably within the range of g. When the content of lactic acid bacteria is less than 3 × 10 7 CFU / g, the amount of lactic acid bacteria to be added to the feed is limited, and the effect of blending lactic acid bacteria cannot be expected. On the other hand, the content of lactic acid bacteria is 3 × 10 9 CFU / g. If the amount exceeds g, the cost is increased, and it is difficult to uniformly mix the additives with the feed because it is difficult to adjust the mixing effect of the lactic acid bacteria.
[0022]
The lactic acid bacteria-enriched prepared feed of the present invention, for example, by adding the feed additive of the present invention, has a lactic acid bacteria content of 3 × 10 5 CFU / g to 3 × 10 7 CFU / g, That is, it is preferably in the range of 3 × 10 8 CFU / kg to 3 × 10 10 CFU / kg. This is because the addition amount of the feed additive of the present invention to the feed is about 1%, the addition operation is easy, and if the lactic acid bacterium content in the feed is less than 3 × 10 8 CFU / kg, livestock, etc. This is because the effect of maintaining health cannot be expected much, and if it is more than 3 × 10 10 CFU / kg, the cost increases and it is not economical.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to the description of the examples, and it goes without saying that the present invention can be implemented with appropriate modifications as long as it does not contradict the gist of the present invention. No.
[0024]
(Culture of lactic acid bacteria)
Lactobacillus fermentum (Lactobacillus fermentum ATCC 14931) a, Lactobacillus brevis (Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 14434) b, Lactobacillus fulctic bacillus, Lactobacillus bacillus Lactobacillus bacillus, Lactobacillus bacillus lactic acid bacteria suitable for plant materials Nostock mecenteroides (ATCC 14430) d and homofermented Pediococcus halophilus ATCC 21786 e were selected. Also, as yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC10247u, Saccharomyces rouxii v, Torulopsis halophilis (corresponding to Torulopsis arodias x abodia, and C. cerevisiae of Toropsis harobilis. A seed solution of 6 to 1 × 10 7 CFU / ml was prepared.
[0025]
On the other hand, 1000 ml of soy milk having a solid content of 8%, potatoes and 20 g of carrots each having been sterilized by an autoclave at 120 ° C. were mixed, and after homogenization by a mixer, the mixture was passed through a 160-mesh sieve to form a uniform suspension. An aqueous medium A for plant lactic acid bacteria was prepared. Then, nine incubators equipped with a stirrer containing the aqueous medium A were prepared corresponding to the lactic acid bacteria a to e.
[0026]
Next, 1 ml of any of the inoculum selected from the lactic acid bacteria a to e was added to the aqueous medium A in each incubator in a green bench, and 1 ml of any of the inoculum selected from the yeasts u to x was added to the green bench. And culturing with stirring at a temperature of 37 ° C. for 72 hours, and a culture solution au1 to eu1 having a lactic acid bacteria content (CFU / ml) and a yeast content (CFU / ml) as shown in Table 1 and Reference Examples Of the culture solutions av1, aw1, ax1, and a1 were obtained. From this culture result, it can be seen that the lactic acid bacteria in the presence of the yeasts u to x grow better than the culture solution a1 using no yeast.
[0027]
Furthermore, as a comparative example, homofermentation type Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43551) f, which is an animal lactic acid bacterium, and heterofermentation type Lactobacillus butchneri (Lactobacillus buchneri ATCC 11579) g were selected. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC10247u was selected in the same manner as described above, and 1 × 10 6 to 1 × 10 7 CFU / ml of each seed solution was prepared.
[0028]
Then, 1000 ml of pure water, 100 g of skim milk, 6 g of peptone, and 34 g of lactose were mixed to prepare a uniform emulsion liquid aqueous medium B for animal lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, two incubators equipped with a stirrer containing the aqueous medium B were prepared corresponding to the lactic acid bacteria f and g. Thus, to the aqueous medium B in each incubator, 10 μl of any of the inoculum solutions selected from the lactic acid bacteria f and g was added, and 2 μl of the inoculum solution of the yeast u was added, followed by stirring and culturing at 37 ° C. for 72 hours. Culture solutions fu1 and gu1 having lactic acid bacteria content (CFU / ml) and yeast content (CFU / ml) as shown in Table 1 were obtained.
[0029]
For the measurement of the lactic acid bacteria content, a measurement sample was diluted in multiple stages according to the expected number of bacteria with a phosphate buffered 0.85% saline solution to prepare a plurality of sample solutions having different degrees of dilution, and 1 ml of each sample solution was prepared. Is dispensed into a petri dish and kept at 43 to 45 ° C., containing 5 g / l of peptone, 2.5 g / l of yeast extract, 1 g / l of glucose, 0.1 g / l of L-cysteine, and 15 g / l of agar, A plate count agar medium to which bromcresol purple (BCP) was added was poured into the plate, mixed and solidified, and cultured at 35 to 37 ° C. for 72 hours. Then, the number of lactic acid bacteria colonies was counted to determine the lactic acid bacteria content (CFU / ml). It depends on the calculation method.
[0030]
For the measurement of the yeast content, a potato dextrose agar medium containing potato flour 200 g / l, dextrose 20 g / l, and agar agar 15 g / l and chloramphenicol was added to a pre-solidified petri dish, In the same manner as described above, 0.1 ml of a sample solution prepared by diluting the measurement sample with a phosphate buffered 0.85% saline solution in multiple steps is poured, spread evenly with a conical rod, and kept at 25 ° C. for 5 to 7 days. After culturing, the number of yeast colonies was counted, and the yeast content (CFU / ml) was calculated.
[0031]
In addition, each of the culture solutions au1 to gu1 of these lactic acid bacteria a to g was dried by a test spray dryer using hot air of 130 ° C. to obtain bacterial cell powders au2 to gu2, respectively. Then, 1 g of each of these bacterial cell powders au2 to gu2 was dissolved in 9 ml of the same phosphate buffered 0.85% saline solution as described above, and the contents of lactic acid bacteria and yeast were measured according to the method described above. The number of bacteria per gram of cell powder (CFU / g) was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[0032]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004329056
[0033]
(Manufacture of feed additives)
The cell powders au2 to gu2 obtained in the step of culturing the lactic acid bacteria are all fine powders and have a high concentration of the cells, and there are variations in the concentration. Moreover, it is uneconomical. Therefore, these microbial cell powders are mixed with powdered lactose to obtain a lactic acid bacterium composition having an order of magnitude lower than that of the lactic acid bacteria, and this lactic acid bacterium composition is further compounded with an excipient such as flour or bran, It is considered appropriate to use a feed additive that can be easily incorporated into the feed.
[0034]
Therefore, in consideration of the respective cell concentrations of the cell powders au2 to gu2, the mixing ratio with lactose is adjusted so that the cell concentration is 1.6 × 10 9 CFU / g, and Intimate mixing was performed to produce the lactic acid bacteria formulation au3-gu3. Further, 1 part by weight of the lactic acid bacteria mixture au3 to gu3 was mixed with 9 parts by weight of rice bran and mixed well to adjust the cell concentration to 1.6 × 10 8 CFU / g. The feed additives au4 to gu4 of the present invention example and the comparative example were produced.
[0035]
(Manufacture of mixed feed)
As feed for breeding broilers, corn: 57.2 parts by weight, soybean powder: 32 parts by weight, fish meal: 7 parts by weight, calcium phosphate: 0.5 parts by weight, oyster shell: 0.6 parts by weight, salt: 0.5 A broiler basic feed C having a basic composition of 100 parts by weight was prepared by weight, rice bran oil: 2 parts by weight, DL-methionine: 0.2 parts by weight. Then, as a blended feed, 1 part by weight of each of the broiler blended feeds Ca to Cd of the present invention, in which 1 part by weight of each of the feed additives au4 to du4 was added to 100 parts by weight of the broiler basic feed C, and 1 part by weight of each of the feed additives eu4 to gu4. A prepared broiler ration feed Ce to Cg of a comparative example and a broiler ration feed Cr of a comparative example containing 0.05 part by weight of a flavomycin agent containing sulfur trimethoprim as an antibiotic were prepared.
[0036]
As feed for swine raising, broken rice: 51.1 parts by weight, rice bran: 1 part by weight, soybean flour: 10.2 parts by weight, extruded whole defatted soybean: 20.5 parts by weight, fish meal: 6.1 parts by weight Skim milk powder: 5.1 parts by weight, soybean oil: 3.1 parts by weight, calcium phosphate: 1.1 parts by weight, salt: 0.3 parts by weight, L-lysine: 0.2 parts by weight, DL-methionine: 0 A basic pig feed D was prepared having a basic composition of 100 parts by weight, 0.2 parts by weight, L-threonine: 0.1 part by weight, vitamin / mineral: 1 part by weight. Then, as a mixed feed, 1 part by weight of the feed additive au4, du4 of the present invention in which 1 part by weight of each of the feed additives au4 and du4 were added to 100 parts by weight of the basic pig feed D, and 1 part by weight of the feed additive eu4 and gu4, respectively. A prepared swine feed Di, a comparative example, containing 0.20 parts by weight of a blended swine feed De, Dg of a comparative example and a flavomycin agent containing an antibiotic sulfur trimethoprim was prepared.
[0037]
Further, as food for shrimp farming, fish meal: 20 parts by weight, rice cake: 12 parts by weight, soybean meal: 36 parts by weight, ground shrimp: 10 parts by weight, flour: 20 parts by weight, dextrin: 2 parts by weight, total A basic feed E for prawn culture having a basic composition of 100 parts by weight was prepared. Then, as a compounded feed, 100 parts by weight of the basic feed for shrimp farming E, 100 parts by weight of the feed additives bu4 and cu4, respectively, were mixed with 1 part by weight of the compounded feed for shrimp farming Eb and Ec of the present invention, and the feed additive eu4, fu4 and gu4 were each blended in an amount of 1 part by weight, and a comparative example of a mixed feed for shrimp cultivation Ee, Ef, and Eg, and an antibiotic oxytetracycline 0.05 wt. And prepared.
[0038]
(Broiler breeding test with blended feed)
From two-week-old chicks of white plymouth rock broilers, 50 chicks each having an average weight of 300 to 310 g were selected and placed in 1.9 mx 4 m divided flat breeding houses, each of which was divided into nine sections. Example broiler formula feed Ca, Cb, Cc, Cd, comparative example broiler formula feed Ce, Cf, Cg, comparative example antibiotic-containing broiler formula feed Cr, and broiler basic feed C only with basic composition Each section was fed and fattened from 2 weeks to 7 weeks of age. The water was freely supplied by a water supply device, and the food was constantly fed with the food remaining constantly. The feed conversion rate, mortality rate (%), and ammonia concentration (ppm) during the period of 2 to 7 weeks of age were examined by the methods described below. The results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from the results in Table 2, the chickens fed the feed prepared using the feed additive of the present invention grew healthy and smoothly without using animal drugs such as antibiotics, the feed efficiency was high, and the chicken house was good. It can be seen that the environmental deterioration of the above can be prevented.
[0039]
(1) The feed conversion rate was represented by a value obtained by dividing the average feed intake (kg) per individual during the breeding period by the average weight gained (kg) per individual during the breeding period, that is, the magnification.
(2) The mortality rate is the ratio of the number of dead individuals to the number of breeding individuals expressed in units of%.
(3) The ammonia concentration was expressed in ppm using a portable odor sensor (Yanmar XP-329N).
[0040]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004329056
[0041]
(Pig raising test with compound feed)
From the four-week-old weaned piglets of the Landrace hybrid, eight pigs each having an average body weight of 9 to 9.5 kg were selected and placed in curtain pig houses divided into six sections of 1.5 mx 2 m, respectively, and the book The swine feeds Da, Dd of the invention example, the swine feeds De, Df of the comparative example, the swine feed feed with antibiotics of the comparative example, and the swine basic feed D having only the basic composition are divided into respective sections. They were fed and fattened from 4 to 8 weeks of age. Water was freely supplied by a water supply device, and food was also freely supplied. Thus, the feed conversion rate, mortality rate (%), and ammonia concentration (ppm) during the period of 4 to 8 weeks of age were investigated in accordance with the above-mentioned method, and the results are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from the results in Table 3, pigs fed the feed prepared using the feed additive of the present invention grew healthy and smoothly without using animal drugs such as antibiotics, and had good feed efficiency. It can be seen that the environmental deterioration can be prevented.
[0042]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004329056
[0043]
(Shrimp cultivation test using mixed feed)
Asaebi 6 ponds gu (Metobenoeusu-Afunisu-Metapenaeus Ensis-penaeidae) 5000 m 2 pond for aquaculture, emit about 50,000 animals Yoebi average 5~8mm respectively, formulated hemp shrimp farming the invention sample Feed Eb, Ec, a mixed feed for shrimp cultivation Ee, Ef, Eg of the comparative example, a mixed feed for shrimp aquaculture with antibiotics of the comparative example Er, and a basic feed E for shrimp aquaculture with only the basic composition. Was fed to each section and raised for 50 days. In feeding, the size of each shrimp was observed, and the amount of feed was adjusted every 10 days.
[0044]
The feed conversion rate and mortality rate (%) during the 50-day raising period are investigated according to the above-described method, and the body length of 1 kg (about 100 to 110) of shrimp in each section at the end of the raising period is measured. After measuring the average body length by five measurements, the average growth rate (cm) during the raising period was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 4. According to the results in Table 4, the maple fed with the feed prepared using the feed additive of the present invention grows healthy and smoothly without using animal drugs such as antibiotics, and has a good feed efficiency. I understand.
[0045]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004329056
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
The feed additive of the present invention not only activates the physiological functions of livestock and the like without using animal drugs such as antibiotics when breeding livestock and the like, and also improves the breeding environment of livestock and the like, resulting in disease of livestock and the like. Is maintained in a state that is hardly susceptible to ingestion, not only promotes the intake of feed, but also enhances the efficiency of digestion and absorption, has the effect of improving the growth state, and can efficiently produce a large number of healthy livestock, etc., and livestock, etc. A great economic effect can be expected because the health maintenance and breeding costs can be reduced.

Claims (8)

ラクトバチルス属及びロイコノストック属に属する少なくとも1種以上の乳酸菌を含んでなることを特徴とする飼料添加物。A feed additive comprising at least one or more lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc. 前記乳酸菌が、ラクトバチルス・ファーメンタム、ラクトバチルス・ブレービス、ラクトバチルス・フルクティボランス、及びロイコノストック・メゼンテロイデスから選ばれた、少なくとも1種以上の乳酸菌である、請求項1に記載の飼料添加物。The feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the lactic acid bacterium is at least one lactic acid bacterium selected from Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fructibolans, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. object. 前記乳酸菌に加えて、サッカロミセス属、トルロプシス属、及びカンジダ属に属する少なくとも1種の酵母を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の飼料添加物。3. The feed additive according to claim 1, further comprising at least one yeast belonging to the genus Saccharomyces, the genus Torulopsis, and the genus Candida, in addition to the lactic acid bacterium. 4. 前記乳酸菌と植物性の賦形剤とを含み、粒状乃至粉状の乾燥固形物であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の飼料添加物。The feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the lactic acid bacterium and a vegetable excipient and being a granular or powdery dry solid. 前記賦形剤が、穀物粉または穀物糠粉である、請求項4に記載の飼料添加物。The feed additive according to claim 4, wherein the excipient is cereal flour or cereal bran flour. 前記乳酸菌の含有量が、3×10 〜3×10 CFU/gの範囲内にある、請求項4または5に記載の飼料添加物。The feed additive according to claim 4, wherein the content of the lactic acid bacterium is in a range of 3 × 10 7 to 3 × 10 9 CFU / g. ラクトバチルス属及びロイコノストック属に属する乳酸菌を水性培地により培養して培養液を得、該培養液を乾燥し粉末化したのち植物性の賦形剤と混合するか、または該培養液を植物性の賦形剤と混合したのち乾燥し粉末化するかの、いずれかの手段により、該乳酸菌の含有量が、3×10 〜3×10 CFU/gの範囲に入る如く配合することを特徴とする飼料添加物の製造方法。A lactic acid bacterium belonging to the genus Lactobacillus or Leuconostoc is cultured in an aqueous medium to obtain a culture solution, and the culture solution is dried and powdered and then mixed with a plant excipient, or the culture solution is planted. By mixing with a water-soluble excipient and then drying and powdering, so that the content of the lactic acid bacteria is in the range of 3 × 10 7 to 3 × 10 9 CFU / g. A method for producing a feed additive, characterized in that: ラクトバチルス属及びロイコノストック属に属する乳酸菌の含有量が、3×10 CFU/gから3×10 CFU/gの範囲内にあることを特徴とする調合飼料。A blended feed characterized in that the content of lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus and the genus Leuconostoc is in the range of 3 × 10 5 CFU / g to 3 × 10 7 CFU / g.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008148630A (en) * 2006-12-18 2008-07-03 Asahi Breweries Ltd Livestock feed containing lactobacillus
KR100925173B1 (en) 2008-02-29 2009-11-05 (주)진바이오텍 Functional feed additive and process for producing the same
JP2011004636A (en) * 2009-06-24 2011-01-13 Shuichi Shiomi Method for breeding livestock and poultry by probiotics
WO2013029632A1 (en) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-07 Fermentationexperts A/S Method of manufacturing a fermented dry feed
JP2018516567A (en) * 2015-05-21 2018-06-28 ランザテク・ニュージーランド・リミテッド Gas fermentation for the production of protein or feed

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008148630A (en) * 2006-12-18 2008-07-03 Asahi Breweries Ltd Livestock feed containing lactobacillus
KR100925173B1 (en) 2008-02-29 2009-11-05 (주)진바이오텍 Functional feed additive and process for producing the same
JP2011004636A (en) * 2009-06-24 2011-01-13 Shuichi Shiomi Method for breeding livestock and poultry by probiotics
WO2013029632A1 (en) * 2011-09-02 2013-03-07 Fermentationexperts A/S Method of manufacturing a fermented dry feed
JP2018516567A (en) * 2015-05-21 2018-06-28 ランザテク・ニュージーランド・リミテッド Gas fermentation for the production of protein or feed

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