JP2004321036A - Granular culture soil - Google Patents

Granular culture soil Download PDF

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JP2004321036A
JP2004321036A JP2003117790A JP2003117790A JP2004321036A JP 2004321036 A JP2004321036 A JP 2004321036A JP 2003117790 A JP2003117790 A JP 2003117790A JP 2003117790 A JP2003117790 A JP 2003117790A JP 2004321036 A JP2004321036 A JP 2004321036A
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Prior art keywords
water
sludge
paper
ash
soil
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JP2003117790A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yasukaze Katsuki
康風 甲木
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide granular culture soil obtained by combining paper-industry sludge ash with water-purification sludge almost of which has been wasted as industrial wastes so as to be utilized for plant cultivation. <P>SOLUTION: The granular culture soil for plant cultivation is obtained by mixing fine particle paper-industry sludge ash completely burnt with slurry-state water-purification sludge, adding burnt plaster to the mixture as necessary, and stirring the mixture to be granulated and solidified. Almost all the paper-industry sludge ash is disposed as industrial wastes because of easily scattering and flowing out when sprayed with water because the ash comprises fine particles, and the water-purification sludge is also disposed as industrial wastes because of becoming a hard lump hardly broken once dried even when being sprayed with water because of containing organic substance while difficult to be subjected to dehydration or drying. The combination of the paper-industry sludge ash and the water-purification sludge makes the water-purification sludge exert a binder function for the paper-industry sludge ash to be utilized as plant cultivation granular culture soil. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、産業廃棄物である製紙スラッジ焼却灰と、同じく産業廃棄物である浄水汚泥とを組み合わせて得られる有効資源たる粒状培土に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
培土は、天然の土壌を基本にして、腐葉土、ピートモス、堆肥類等の有機質や、鹿沼土、ぼら土、パーライト、バーミキュライト等の無機質を改質材として配合し使用されている。しかしながら、近年は基本になる土壌でさえ品質の安定したものが入手困難になっている。併せて、農業も省力化による機械化が進み、機械化に適した作業性の良い品質に加工された培土の出現が望まれている。
【0003】
製紙スラッジの焼却処理には、以前は熱効率は悪いが扱い易いロータリーキルンが多用されていた。ロータリーキルンによる焼却灰は、1〜5mmの粒径で未燃物の炭素分を含む黒色の粒状であり、この焼却灰は保水性や排水性に優れ、脱臭効果も具備していたため農業用の土壌改良剤や堆肥化の資材として、また野菜や花卉の育苗ポット用土の素材として利用されていた。その後、燃焼効率の改善のためスラッジボイラーが普及し、平成11年にダイオキシン類対策特別措置法が施行されて以来、製紙スラッジの焼却方式はダイオキシンが発生しない粒状炭化方式と、完全燃焼型の流動床方式の二極化傾向にある。粒状炭化方式とは、製鉄用の保温材や農業用の土壌改良剤として利用する目的で処理するものであるが、流動床方式の焼却灰は完全燃焼のため炭素分もなく、微粒子のためセメントの原料として処分するほかは埋め立て処分するしかない。
【0004】
浄水汚泥は、有機物を含んだスラリー状であるため、取り扱いが困難である上に機械脱水でも効率が悪い。天日乾燥するには数ヶ月を要し、一旦完全に乾燥したら大変壊れにくい塊となり、併せて吸水性も悪くなる。一部では完全乾燥前の浄水汚泥の塊は、任意の大きさに砕くことで排水性が良く肥料分を含むため、園芸用土として使用されているが、大量の処理・処分には程遠く、大半は天日乾燥等の後廃棄処分されている。
【0005】
上記した製紙スラッジ焼却灰(パルプ・スラッジ焼却灰)を処理して、植物培養土として使用する従来の方法としては、パルプ・スラッジ焼却灰に有機凝集高分子材より成る気泡材と水を加え強制撹拌して気泡状態にし、無機結合材を前記気泡材と同時乃至気泡状態とした後までに加えて顆粒状に形成し、固化乾燥させたことを特徴とするパルプ・スラッジ焼却灰より成る顆粒状物を植物培養土として使用することを特徴とするパルプ・スラッジ焼却灰より成る顆粒状物の使用方法がある(例えば特許文献1参照。)。
また、上記した浄水汚泥を培土等農業用資材として用いる従来の方法としては、浄水汚泥を原料として、必要に応じてpHに調整を加え混練し、成形,乾燥を行う培土等農業用資材の製造方法がある(例えば、特許文献2参照。)。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平6−315671号公報(請求項3)
【特許文献2】
特開平7−40号公報(請求項1)
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記特許文献1に記載の技術は、パルプ・スラッジ焼却灰を造粒して有効活用することを目的としているが、無機結合材を使用して撹拌により造粒・固化させるだけでは、粒子の強度が不足するため崩れて粉になり易い。そこで、粒子を強固にするために押出し成型機を使用しているが、密度が高くなり過ぎるので気泡材の使用が必要になるという欠点がある。
また特許文献2に記載の技術は、スラリー状から更に天日乾燥等により水分が減少した固化前の浄水汚泥について、混練・成型することにより単に形状を変えたものにすぎない。
さらには、特許文献1あるいは特許文献2に記載の技術は、パルプ・スラッジ焼却灰あるいは浄水汚泥をそれぞれ単独に処理する技術であり、両者を同時に処理するものではない。
【0008】
本発明は、以上の点に鑑みて創案されたものであって、流動床方式等の焼却設備から排出され、従来人工培土の製造には適さなかった微粒子状の製紙スラッジ焼却灰と、大半が廃棄処分されている浄水汚泥とを組み合わせて、容易に安価で良質な人工培土を得ることを目的とするものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明の粒状培土は、完全燃焼された微粒子状の製紙スラッジ焼却灰に、スラリー状の浄水汚泥を混合し、浄水汚泥の水分を製紙スラッジ焼却灰に吸収させるとともに、その水分のもとで撹拌による造粒を行った後、自然に放置して固化させたことを特徴とするものである。
【0010】
ここで、製紙スラッジには少なからずカルシウム分を含み、硫酸カルシウム(石膏)の形で存在する。この製紙スラッジを流動床方式等により高温で焼却処理することで、焼き石膏の形に変形していると考えられる。焼き石膏は、水分を与えると結晶水に必要な水分量を取り込んで固化する性質がある。
【0011】
製紙スラッジに含まれるカルシウム分が少な過ぎる場合には、適量の水分を与えて撹拌・造粒しても固化しない場合があるので、その時は上記本発明の目的を達成するために、本発明の粒状培土は、完全燃焼された微粒子状の製紙スラッジ焼却灰に、スラリー状の浄水汚泥を混合し、焼き石膏を加え、撹拌による造粒を行った後、自然に放置して固化させたことを特徴とするものである。
【0012】
製紙スラッジ焼却灰は、造粒に適した水分を加えて撹拌を続けると、徐々に粘度が上がり造粒が始まる。水分が少ないと粒子が成長し難いので水分を追加する。水分が多すぎると粒子の成長が早くしかも大きくなり易い。この様に、製紙スラッジ焼却灰は、単独でも適正な量の水分を加えて撹拌を続ければ造粒できるが、粒子が大きく(粒径5〜20mm)なりすぎる傾向があり、固化後も微粒子間の結合が弱いため外圧により崩れて粉になり易い。
【0013】
浄水汚泥は、脱水・乾燥が困難なため、それ単独で造粒加工することは難しいが、製紙スラッジ焼却灰と混合して水分を吸着させることにより、容易に濃度の上昇が可能である。
製紙スラッジ焼却灰に浄水汚泥を造粒するまで徐々に加えながら撹拌する、このときの浄水汚泥の含有水分が造粒に必要な水分量である。よって浄水汚泥(乾燥重量)の配合割合を減らしたいときは、事前に浄水汚泥を希釈しておけば良い。
製紙スラッジ焼却灰に浄水汚泥を加え造粒すると、製紙スラッジ焼却灰の単独の場合よりも粒子が大粒になり難く、小粒(粒径2〜5mm)だが大きさが揃って培土に適した強度のある粒子ができる。浄水汚泥の濃度は薄めのゾル状が作業上取扱い易く、配合割合にも適した濃度である。
【0014】
上記した本発明に係る粒状培土は、粒子が崩れ難いにもかかわらず嵩比重が小さく、保水性が高くて気相も大きいため、保水性や排水性の悪い土壌の改良材として、さらにまた園芸用土の軽量化用素材として利用できるものである。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明の実施の形態を比較例と共に説明し、本発明の理解に供する。
【0016】
嵩比重0.50〜0.55の乾燥した製紙スラッジ焼却灰に、造粒に必要な水分量(130〜150%)を加えて数分間撹拌を継続すると、やや粘土が上昇して造粒が始まる。造粒に必要な水分量が不足すると撹拌を続けても造粒しない。水分を追加して必要量に達すると造粒が始まるが、水分が過剰になると粒子が大きくなりすぎる。粒子の大きさは水分量及び撹拌条件により変えることができる。目的の大きさの粒子を得たら、そのまま一昼夜程自然放置すると粒子同士がブロック状に固化した塊ができる。そのブロックは少し外圧を加えると容易に粒子に分解した。
【0017】
上記と同一条件で、製紙スラッジ焼却灰に加える水に変えて、同量の水分を含有する浄水汚泥を加えて、数分間の撹拌により造粒後、一昼夜程自然放置すると、上記製紙スラッジ焼却灰単独による粒子よりも崩れ難い粒状物が得られた。
製紙スラッジ焼却灰に対する浄水汚泥の配合率は、15〜30%(乾燥重量)位が適量である。浄水汚泥の割合が多いほど出来上がる粒子の強度は増すが、過剰になると浄水汚泥が培土の粒を覆ってしまい、吸水性が悪くなるため散水すると浮き上がる粒が出てくる。浄水汚泥の混合割合は濃度を変えることで任意に調整でき、その濃度は10〜15%(ゾル状)程度が扱い易い。
出来上がった粒状培土は、特に乾燥工程を経なくとも使用は可能であるが、必要により乾燥を行う。また、浄水汚泥に含まれることがある雑草の種子を処理するために熱処理することもある。
【0018】
粒状培土の素材と完成品の嵩比重(浄水汚泥は濃度)とpHを示す。

Figure 2004321036
【0019】
次に本発明の粒状培土と市販用土(赤玉土、鹿沼土)の嵩比重、保水量及び気相の比較を示す。
Figure 2004321036
【0020】
ここで、上記嵩比重とは、単位容積当たりの土壌の固相重量で、乾燥土壌1ml当たりのg数を指称する。
また、保水量とは、土壌が自然の状態で含み得る水分量のことで、測定方法は一定の容積の土壌を容器に採り、これに水を加えて完全に水で満たした後、下方から水を抜き、土壌中に残った水分重量を土壌の容積で割ったもののことをいう。
さらに、気相(空気率)とは、上記保水量の測定方法において、一定の容器の土壌に水を加えて完全に水で満たした後、下方から水を抜いて、その抜けた水の容量の分だけ、土壌中の空気と入れ替わるので、その空気率を気相と指称する。
【0021】
本発明に係る粒状培土は、粒子の大きさが比較的によく揃っているため、市販培土と比較すると気相が大変大きくて嵩比重は小さいが、保水量は市販培土と同等又はそれ以上の値を示すことがわかる。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
以上述べて来た如く、本発明によれば下記する如き効果を奏する。
即ち、微粒子のため飛散し易く、散水により流亡し易くその大半が産業廃棄物として処分されている製紙スラッジ焼却灰と、有機物を含んでいるために脱水処理や乾燥処理が難しい反面、一旦乾燥してしまうと散水しても崩れ難い強固な塊となり、これ又大半が産業廃棄物として処分されている浄水汚泥を組み合わせることにより、浄水汚泥が製紙スラッジ焼却灰のバインダー的作用を奏し、植物育成用の粒状培土として有効利用できるものである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a granular soil as an effective resource obtained by combining paper sludge incineration ash, which is industrial waste, and purified water sludge, which is also industrial waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The cultivated soil is based on natural soil, and is used by blending organic substances such as humus, peat moss and compost, and inorganic substances such as kanuma soil, rag soil, perlite and vermiculite as modifiers. However, in recent years, it has become difficult to obtain stable soil even for the basic soil. At the same time, the mechanization of agriculture is also progressing due to labor saving, and the emergence of cultivated soil that has been processed to have good workability suitable for mechanization is desired.
[0003]
In the past, incineration of papermaking sludge used to be a rotary kiln that had low thermal efficiency but was easy to handle. The incinerated ash produced by the rotary kiln is black granules having a particle size of 1 to 5 mm and containing unburned carbon. This incinerated ash has excellent water retention and drainage properties and has a deodorizing effect. It was used as an improver and as a material for composting, and as a material for potting seedlings for growing vegetables and flowers. Since then, sludge boilers have become widespread to improve combustion efficiency, and since the Special Measures against Dioxins Law was enacted in 1999, incineration methods for papermaking sludge include granular carbonization methods that do not generate dioxins, and complete combustion type fluidization methods. There is a tendency for the floor system to be polarized. Granular carbonization is a treatment that is used for the purpose of using it as a heat insulator for steelmaking and as a soil conditioner for agriculture.Fluidized bed incineration ash has no carbon content because it is completely burned, and it has fine particles and cement There is no other choice than landfill disposal except for disposal as raw material.
[0004]
Since purified water sludge is a slurry containing organic matter, it is difficult to handle and mechanical dehydration is inefficient. It takes several months to dry in the sun, and once it is completely dried, it becomes a very hard-to-break mass and, at the same time, has poor water absorption. Some parts of the purified water sludge before complete drying are used as horticultural soil because they can be crushed to an arbitrary size and have good drainage and contain fertilizer, but they are far from large-scale treatment and disposal. Has been disposed of after drying in the sun.
[0005]
The conventional method of treating the above papermaking sludge incineration ash (pulp / sludge incineration ash) and using it as a plant culture soil is to add a foam material made of an organic coagulated polymer material and water to the pulp / sludge incineration ash and force it. Agglomerated pulp / sludge incinerated ash characterized by being stirred to form a foam, adding the inorganic binder to the foam material at the same time or after forming the foam into a granule, forming a granule, and solidifying and drying. There is a method of using a granular material composed of pulp and sludge incineration ash, which is characterized in that the material is used as a plant culture soil (for example, see Patent Document 1).
In addition, as a conventional method of using the above-mentioned purified water sludge as an agricultural material such as cultivation soil, a method of manufacturing an agricultural material such as cultivation soil, which uses a purified water sludge as a raw material, adjusts the pH as necessary, kneads the mixture, and performs molding and drying. There is a method (for example, refer to Patent Document 2).
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-315671 (Claim 3)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-7-40 (Claim 1)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The technique described in Patent Document 1 aims at granulating and effectively utilizing pulp and sludge incinerated ash. However, simply using an inorganic binder to granulate and solidify by agitation does not provide the strength of particles. Is liable to collapse and become powder. Therefore, an extruder is used to strengthen the particles, but there is a disadvantage that the density becomes too high and the use of a foam material is required.
In addition, the technique described in Patent Document 2 merely changes the shape of the purified water sludge before solidification in which the water content is further reduced from the slurry by solar drying or the like, by kneading and molding.
Furthermore, the technology described in Patent Literature 1 or Patent Literature 2 is a technology for treating pulp / sludge incinerated ash or purified water sludge independently, and is not for treating both at the same time.
[0008]
The present invention has been devised in view of the above points, and is mainly composed of incinerated ash in particulate form discharged from incinerators such as a fluidized bed system and not suitable for the production of artificial soil. The purpose is to easily obtain inexpensive and high-quality artificial soil by combining with purified water sludge that has been disposed of.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the granular soil of the present invention is mixed with incinerated ash in the form of paper sludge that has been completely burned, mixed with purified water sludge in the form of slurry, and absorbs the moisture of the purified sludge into the incinerated ash of paper sludge. After the granulation by stirring under the moisture, the mixture is naturally left to solidify.
[0010]
Here, papermaking sludge contains a considerable amount of calcium and exists in the form of calcium sulfate (gypsum). It is considered that the paper sludge is deformed into the form of plaster of Paris by incineration at a high temperature by a fluidized bed method or the like. Plastered gypsum has a property of solidifying by taking in a necessary amount of water into crystal water when water is given.
[0011]
If the calcium content in the papermaking sludge is too small, it may not solidify even if a suitable amount of water is given and stirred and granulated.In that case, to achieve the above object of the present invention, Granulated soil was obtained by mixing purified water sludge in the form of sludge with incineration ash in the form of finely-divided paper sludge, adding plaster of Paris, and performing granulation by stirring, and then allowing it to stand naturally and solidify. It is a feature.
[0012]
If the papermaking sludge incineration ash is added with water suitable for granulation and is continuously stirred, the viscosity gradually increases and granulation starts. If the water content is low, the particles are difficult to grow, so water is added. If the water content is too large, the particles grow quickly and tend to be large. As described above, paper sludge incineration ash can be granulated by itself, if an appropriate amount of water is added and stirring is continued, but the particles tend to be too large (particle diameter 5 to 20 mm), and the solidified particles remain solid after solidification. Are easily broken into powder due to weak external pressure.
[0013]
The purified water sludge is difficult to granulate by itself because it is difficult to dewater and dry it, but the concentration can be easily increased by mixing with paper sludge incineration ash to adsorb moisture.
The purified water sludge is gradually added to the papermaking sludge incineration ash until it is granulated and stirred. The water content of the purified water sludge at this time is the amount of water required for granulation. Therefore, when it is desired to reduce the mixing ratio of the purified water sludge (dry weight), the purified water sludge may be diluted in advance.
When granulated by adding purified water sludge to paper sludge incineration ash, the particles are less likely to become larger than in the case of paper sludge incineration ash alone. Some particles are formed. The concentration of the purified water sludge is a thin sol which is easy to handle in operation and is suitable for the mixing ratio.
[0014]
The above-mentioned granular soil according to the present invention has a low bulk specific gravity, high water retention and a large gas phase despite the fact that the particles are hardly disintegrated. It can be used as a lightweight material for soil.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described together with comparative examples to provide an understanding of the present invention.
[0016]
If the amount of water required for granulation (130-150%) is added to the dried papermaking sludge incineration ash having a bulk specific gravity of 0.50 to 0.55 and stirring is continued for several minutes, the clay rises slightly and granulation occurs. Begin. If the amount of water required for granulation is insufficient, granulation will not occur even if stirring is continued. Granulation starts when the required amount of water is added, but when the amount of water is excessive, the particles become too large. The size of the particles can be changed depending on the amount of water and stirring conditions. Once the particles of the desired size are obtained, they are allowed to stand naturally for about 24 hours to form a block in which the particles are solidified in a block shape. The block easily decomposed into particles with a slight external pressure.
[0017]
Under the same conditions as above, instead of water added to paper sludge incineration ash, add purified water sludge containing the same amount of water, granulate by stirring for several minutes, and leave it naturally for about 24 hours. A granular material that was less likely to collapse than a single particle was obtained.
The mixing ratio of the purified water sludge to the papermaking sludge incineration ash is suitably about 15 to 30% (dry weight). As the ratio of purified water sludge increases, the strength of the resulting particles increases. However, if the ratio is excessive, the purified water sludge will cover the grains of the cultivated soil, and the water absorption will be poor. The mixing ratio of the purified water sludge can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the concentration, and the concentration is preferably about 10 to 15% (sol-like).
The resulting granular cultivation can be used without any particular drying step, but is dried if necessary. Also, heat treatment may be performed to treat weed seeds that may be contained in the purified water sludge.
[0018]
Indicates the bulk specific gravity (concentration of purified water sludge) and pH of the granular soil material and finished product.
Figure 2004321036
[0019]
Next, a comparison of the bulk specific gravity, the water retention capacity, and the gas phase of the granular soil of the present invention and commercial soil (Akatama soil, Kanuma soil) is shown.
Figure 2004321036
[0020]
Here, the bulk specific gravity is the solid phase weight of the soil per unit volume, and refers to the number of grams per 1 ml of dry soil.
The water retention is the amount of water that the soil can contain in its natural state.The measuring method is to take a fixed volume of soil in a container, add water to it, fill it completely with water, and then It means that water is drained and the weight of water remaining in the soil is divided by the volume of the soil.
Further, the gaseous phase (air ratio) is defined as the water retention capacity in the above-mentioned method for measuring the amount of water retained, after water is added to the soil of a certain container and completely filled with water, the water is drained from below, and the volume of the discharged water is measured. Is replaced by the air in the soil by the amount of, and the air ratio is called the gas phase.
[0021]
The granular cultivation according to the present invention has a relatively large particle size, and thus has a very large gas phase and a low bulk specific gravity as compared with commercial cultivation, but has a water retention equivalent to or higher than that of commercial cultivation. It turns out that it shows a value.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention has the following effects.
In other words, paper sludge incineration ash, which is easily scattered due to fine particles and is easily washed away by water sprinkling and most of which is disposed of as industrial waste, and because it contains organic matter, dehydration treatment and drying treatment are difficult, but once it is dried, If water is sprinkled, it becomes a hard lump that does not easily collapse even when sprinkled, and combined with purified water sludge that is mostly disposed of as industrial waste, the purified water sludge acts as a binder for paper sludge incineration ash, and it is used for plant cultivation. It can be effectively used as granular soil.

Claims (2)

完全燃焼された微粒子状の製紙スラッジ焼却灰に、スラリー状の浄水汚泥を混合し、撹拌して造粒・固化させたことを特徴とする粒状培土。A granular soil obtained by mixing purified water sludge in the form of slurry with incinerated ash in the form of fine paper sludge that has been completely burned, followed by stirring to granulate and solidify. 完全燃焼された微粒子状の製紙スラッジ焼却灰に、スラリー状の浄水汚泥を混合し、焼き石膏を加え、撹拌して造粒・固化させたことを特徴とする粒状培土。A granular soil obtained by mixing purified water sludge in the form of slurry with incineration ash in the form of fine paper sludge that has been completely burned, adding calcined gypsum, and stirring to granulate and solidify.
JP2003117790A 2003-04-23 2003-04-23 Granular culture soil Pending JP2004321036A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008005791A (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-17 Nittoc Constr Co Ltd Growth base material and method for producing the same
KR100959807B1 (en) 2009-08-07 2010-05-28 주식회사 한국도시녹화 Light weight artificial soil by using coal ash and sludge, its manufacturing method, and green roof system using the same
KR100978633B1 (en) 2010-02-23 2010-08-27 주식회사 한국도시녹화 Green roof system using light weight artificial soil
JP2011012202A (en) * 2009-07-03 2011-01-20 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd Method for treating sedimented soil at bottom of water
JP2011241295A (en) * 2010-05-18 2011-12-01 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd Method for treating sea-bottom-deposited soil
KR101366971B1 (en) 2013-11-15 2014-02-24 주식회사 전주페이퍼 Solidifying agent using pulp sludge, manufacturing method for the same, solidified material containing the same

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008005791A (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-01-17 Nittoc Constr Co Ltd Growth base material and method for producing the same
JP2011012202A (en) * 2009-07-03 2011-01-20 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd Method for treating sedimented soil at bottom of water
KR100959807B1 (en) 2009-08-07 2010-05-28 주식회사 한국도시녹화 Light weight artificial soil by using coal ash and sludge, its manufacturing method, and green roof system using the same
KR100978633B1 (en) 2010-02-23 2010-08-27 주식회사 한국도시녹화 Green roof system using light weight artificial soil
JP2011241295A (en) * 2010-05-18 2011-12-01 Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd Method for treating sea-bottom-deposited soil
KR101366971B1 (en) 2013-11-15 2014-02-24 주식회사 전주페이퍼 Solidifying agent using pulp sludge, manufacturing method for the same, solidified material containing the same

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