JPH04104736A - Fly ash-containing culture medium material for plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject culture medium which is a granular substance, composed of fly ash, a binder, an organic substance and water and cable of effectively utilizing the fly ash which an industrial waste. CONSTITUTION:The objective culture medium which is a granular substance composed of fly ash (preferably the fly ash produced by a boiler burning powdered coal), a binder (preferably cement, gypsum, bentonite, zeolite or water glass), an organic substance (preferably bone meal, fish scrap, vegetable oil cake, bean-cured refuse, livestock feces, sewage sludge, earthworm feces, sawdust, straw, bagasse, peat-moss or bark) and water.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a culture medium for plants, and particularly to a culture medium for plants containing fly ash (fine ash produced by combustion of coal) and organic matter.

The present invention aims to effectively utilize fly ash, which has been generated in large quantities in recent years.

[Conventional technology]

According to the power industry results in 1989, fly ash was used in about 40
0,000,000, and long-term energy projections indicate that it will further increase in the future. However, the quality of fly ash has deteriorated, including a large amount of unburned carbon (black) and spherical particles (unmelted), so approximately 60% of the fly ash is disposed of in landfills or other forms of waste. About 40 left
Only % is eligible for effective use. Therefore, we are conducting intensive research and development in various fields on how to effectively utilize low-grade fly ash.

Conventional effective usage methods include cement materials and construction materials, and granulation methods include granulated calcined lightweight aggregate and granulated hydraulic aggregate. In addition, agricultural applications include sand granular calcined potassium silicate fertilizer and powdered special fertilizer for the purpose of boron effect and acid neutralization.

In addition, fly ash is used as an adsorbent for metal ions, gases, and odors by using cement as the main raw material and adding additives (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-224733).

[Invention or problem to be solved]

In our country, open-field cultivation media tend to lose potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc. in the soil due to rainfall and seasonal winds, and the soil becomes acidic or becomes nutrient deficient. There are many other types such as heavy clay soil, sandy soil, gravelly soil, and volcanic ash soil.
The situation is such that the land is not necessarily suitable for cultivation. In addition, continuous crop failure is likely to occur due to the above-mentioned poor soil conditions, and the causes include lack of soil nutrients, deterioration of soil reaction, deterioration of soil physical properties, harmful soil organisms such as pathogens and pests, and plant damage. One example is the accumulation of toxins from the body itself.

Therefore, soil improvement is an essential condition for outdoor crop cultivation, and soil improvement materials are applied for the purpose of improving soil physical, chemical and biological properties.The properties of the main soil improvement materials are shown in the table below. It is.

On the other hand, there are two types of artificial cultivation: hydroponic cultivation and pot cultivation.In the solid medium method of hydroponic cultivation, the culture medium is circulated through a head filled with gravel, and the culture medium is poured into a head filled with sand. When it comes to cultivation, there was either an inorganic solid medium or no organic solid medium.

In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an organic matter-containing solid medium using fly ash.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present invention provides a plant medium material that is a granular material consisting of fly ash, a binder, and an organic substance.

As the binder, for example, cement, gypsum, hentonite, zeolite, water glass, etc., or a mixture thereof can be used.

The shape and size of the granules are not particularly limited, and may be selected as appropriate depending on the purpose of use of each plant medium material, preferably spherical particles, columnar particles, and hollow columnar particles. The size is usually 2II11
-40 Leng, preferably 2 m - 6 L. Spherical grains can be produced, for example, by rolling granulation using a dish-type granulator, and columnar grains and hollow columnar grains can be granulated by an extrusion molding machine.

In addition, when molding macaroni-like hollow columns using an extrusion molding machine, the shape retention is reinforced by using fibrous organic matter, so even mixtures with extrudable softness can be manufactured to the rated shape. be done.

As the organic substance of the present invention, various organic fertilizers, organic industrial wastes, etc. can be used. For example, bone meal, dregs, vegetable oil dregs, okara, livestock dung, sewage sludge, earthworm dung, sawdust, straw, bagasse, beet moss, bark (
You can also use something like loosened bark.

As the fly ash, for example, fly ash generated in large quantities from pulverized coal combustion boilers or fluidized bed boilers in thermal power plants and various industrial factories can be used.

Fly ash from pulverized coal-fired boilers has an average particle size of
A mineral powder of 0 to 30 μm, the mineral composition of which is:
Quartz (S iO2) ・Mullite (2110.3 S
It is an amorphous glassy mineral containing a considerable amount of crystalline material, mainly IO2).

Fly ash produced in fluidized bed coal-fired boilers is in the form of powder with an average particle size of 30 to 60 μm, and its mineral composition is quartz (Si).
O7)・Raw coal (CaO)・Calcite (CaCO)
- Mainly crystalline hematite (Fe203), with a small amount of amorphous. These minerals also contain small amounts of B (
boron), Mn (manganese), Zn (zinc), Cu (copper)
, MO (molybdenum), etc. are contained or attached thereto.

Its main chemical composition is shown in the table below.

Table 2 Main components of fly ash Fly ash produced in fluidized bed coal-fired boilers is hydraulic, and when used, it acts as a binder, so there is no need to add a binder separately, or the amount of binder can be reduced. Good too.

In other words, fly ash generated from a fluidized bed coal-fired boiler with a bed of limestone grains that also undergoes desulfurization is
Generally, coal ash is about 2/3 and lime compound is about 1/3, and the lime compound also contains hydraulic anhydrite (CaSO4) because it undergoes a thermal history of about 800℃. However, it solidifies in the presence of water.

In the present invention, water acts indispensably both during and after granulation of the granules. For example, during granulation, the surface of powder particles is covered with a physically adsorbed or electrically fixed water film, and the particles are bonded together by the surface tension of the water, contributing to agglomeration and coalescence of the particles.

After granulation, when cement or gypsum is used, irreversible water becomes intervening in the matrix as chemical reaction water, and when hentonite or zeolite is used, xepillary reactants accompanying evaporation cause these colloidal particles to be dissolved. It brings the particles closer to each other to increase intermolecular attraction and built-in bonding force, and it remains irreversibly in pozzolanic reaction solidified products such as ettringite.

The ratio of the components of the culture medium in the present invention is usually 0.1 to 1.0 parts by weight of binder, 0.1 to 1.7 parts by weight of organic matter, and 0.3 to 2 parts by weight of water per 1 part by weight of fly ash. ．．
It is preferable to use 0 parts by weight.

[For production]

In the present invention, fly ash has the following functions.

20SB for FeOlCaOlMgO.

Trace components such as Mn, Zn, Cu, and Mo are all essential elements for plant growth, and by supplying these components, which tend to be insufficient in -killed soil, good growth of plants is promoted.

Furthermore, continuous cropping failure (a phenomenon in which yield, quality, etc. decrease when the same crop is grown continuously), which is a major problem in field farming, can be avoided by supplying essential elements. Japanese soil is mainly acidic, and it can be corrected by supplying alkaline components from fly ash.

The presence of multivalent ions such as calcium components causes negatively charged soil particles to coagulate, suppressing rainfall runoff and wind scattering. Furthermore, it has a protective effect on soil and vegetation against acid rain.

In the present invention, organic substances act like a trap. That is, by adding an organic substance during granulation, the organic substance becomes a nucleus, greatly improving granulation properties, and making granulation easier.

Furthermore, the synergistic effect and water retention effect of the supply of carbohydrates contained in organic matter and the ingredients in fly ash promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, keep the soil healthy, promote good plant growth, and prevent continuous cropping problems. can be avoided. Furthermore, after the organic matter is digested, the solid matter becomes porous, improving water and air retention.

Furthermore, by granulating and molding fly ash and organic matter into granules, the following effects are exhibited.

Fly ash is extremely fine particles with a particle size of 20 to 30 μm as it is, and is easily scattered and difficult to handle when transported or mixed into soil. However, by granulating it into sand or small sand, it can be It becomes very easy to handle. In addition, by granulating fly ash with organic matter,
The aforementioned granules themselves become porous, improving fertilizer retention, water retention, and air retention, which cannot be expected with fly ash in powder form. In particular, if hollow columnar grains are mixed, even if a small amount is mixed, these double-edged properties will be improved. Furthermore, when coarse sand or small gravel granules are mixed into the soil, the particle size is improved and the pore space in the soil is increased compared to powder mixture, and the three-phase distribution of the soil (solid phase distribution) is improved. , gas phase, and liquid phase distribution), and can improve soil physical properties such as soil hardness, water permeability, water retention capacity, and fertilizer retention capacity, which are suitable for plants.

In the present invention, the binder acts to bind fly ash and organic matter to form granules (in addition, the following effects can be obtained by using various types of binders).

When solidified with a high pH binder, high pH water leaches out and neutralizes strongly acidic soil, and when solidified with a neutral pH binder, weak alkaline water leaches out and root oxidation of neutral soil is prevented. Furthermore, by solidifying with a high-strength binder, nutrient leaching can be slowed down. For example, by using gypsum with a pH ranging from high to neutral, it is possible to adjust the elution rate of components by adjusting the degree of consolidation in addition to adjusting the pH.

As described above, the plant medium material of the present invention has various outstanding effects compared to other current soil improvement materials, and can be used not only as a plant cultivation medium, but also as a medium for artificial potted plants due to the above effects. Shows performance equivalent to or better than hydroponic gravel, sand, rock wool, etc.

〔Example〕

Examples of granulation of organic matter-containing fly ash powder and examples of indoor pot cultivation and outdoor cultivation using the granules will be described.

An example of forming a spherical powder containing organic matter is as shown in Table 3, when 15% by weight of sawdust (2 mm or less), which is organic particles, is mixed and granulated using an omni type granulator (Henschel type rotary granulator), sawdust is produced. In the case of , the ball making time is about 2 times longer than when no additives are added.
0% reduction, the number of grains has increased by about 3 times, the average grain size has been reduced to about 1/2, the spherical shape has been improved, and the moldability has been improved by several steps.
Its water retention capacity is also increased by approximately 15%, and the nucleation effect of the organic homogeneous granules facilitates the production of granules with a particle size and water retention capacity suitable for plant culture soil. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, the water retention capacity showed an organic substance effect even immediately after granulation. It is clear that the ability is further enhanced after corrosion.

Table 5 shows an example of the results of an indoor pot cultivation test conducted using a medium prepared by mixing the granules shown in Table 4 with soil. In this way, in Kuroboku soil (which is a common upland soil), BC
By mixing 10% of O-15, more than twice the yield of radish can be obtained compared to the target area where no mixture is added, and on the red soil, which is acidic, by mixing 50% of BGO-30, the yield of radish can be increased. The yield of spinach was nearly 3 times that of the mixed target area, but when 75% BCO-40 was mixed, the yield was 1.3 times as much.

From this, it was found that by adjusting the type of binder and its mixing ratio in the soil depending on the type of soil and crop, the soil improvement effect of the granules can be fully expected.

Table 6 shows an example of the results of the first open field cultivation test conducted using a medium prepared by mixing the same granules as in Table 4 with soil.

In this way, in open field cultivation, if the mixing ratio of granules is 10%, by mixing BFO-40, the soil will be about 1.7 times the target area for black soil, and about 1.4 times for red soil. I got a harvest of radishes.

Furthermore, Table 7 shows an example of the results of the open field cultivation test for the second crop. Except for BCO-15 in Kuroboku soil, a higher yield of shishito peppers was obtained than in the target plot in all cases, and especially in the acidic soil of Akagami, the yield was higher than in the target plot, and the soil improvement effect was significantly improved. I understand.

In this way, the soil improvement effect of the granules is starting to appear in the second crop rather than the second crop, and the nutrients in the granules are leached into the soil, as well as the effects of microbial growth and water retention due to organic matter corrosion. It can be seen that it is gradually appearing.

From the above, by appropriately selecting the type of binder used during granulation and the mixing ratio of the granules into the soil depending on the type of soil and crop, the effectiveness of this granule as a medium for plant cultivation can be improved. It could be confirmed.

Table 3 Examples of granulation test results Table 4 Specially designed for granulation production of solid materials for cultivation Table 5 Indoor Pot Cultivation Example Table 6 Outdoor Cultivation Example (-crop) Note: The yield is expressed as root weight for radish and leaf weight for spinach as 1 weight, and the target area as 100%.

Note) Harvest amount is expressed by measuring the weight of roots and taking the target area as 100%.

Table 7 Example of outdoor cultivation (second crop) Note: The yield is calculated by measuring the weight of the fruit and setting the target area as 10096 in Table 5.

〔Effect of the invention〕

In the present invention, frying can be effectively used.

Furthermore, organic industrial waste from various industries can be effectively utilized.

To explain in detail, (a) High-performance plant culture medium can be created by granulating carbohydrates such as sawdust and beet moss, which are concentrated fly-rings containing essential minerals for plant growth, with various binders in different sizes and strengths. It contributes to the reduction of the amount of industrial waste disposed of and resource recycling, which is currently a serious social problem.

(b) When granules and acicular fibers of organic waste materials are mixed with fly ash and ballized using a dish-type granulator, these organic materials form the core, which doubles the granulation speed, resulting in high efficiency and low cost. This enabled spherical granulation.

(c) In a medium containing granules mixed with organic matter, the gas phase ratio and water phase ratio of the medium inevitably increase, and even after the organic matter has been digested, the granules become porous and retain water for a long period of time. be done. Furthermore, the presence of hollow columnar solids in highly water-containing soils and highly viscous soils improves drainage and aeration, making it possible to turn barren areas into arable land and green them.

(d) By selecting and combining binders, high to medium pH can be specified, and granules that are compatible with the soil can be supplied.

(e) When vegetables are grown in the organic matter-containing granule-mediated medium of the present invention, the yield is doubled when mixed in an appropriate amount compared to when no treatment is used.

(f) It supplies essential elements for plant growth that are often lacking in general soil, promoting plant growth and avoiding problems with continuous cropping.

(g) Acidic soil can be corrected.

(H) Coagulate negatively charged soil particles to prevent rain runoff and wind scattering.

(S) It has a protective effect against acid rain.

(nu) Granulation is easy.

(Ru) It can promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, improve the health of the soil, improve the growth of plants, and avoid problems with continuous cropping.

(wo) After the organic matter is digested, the solid medium becomes porous,
High water and air retention.

(W) Since it is a granular material, it is much easier to handle than fly ash, which is a fine powder.

(Power) Compared to fly ash, which is a powder, it has superior fertilizer retention, water retention, and air retention capabilities.

(Y) When mixed into soil, compared to powder, it is possible to properly maintain the three-phase distribution of soil and improve the physical properties of soil.

(Evening) Nutrient leaching can be controlled by selecting a binder.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing an example of changes over time in the moisture content of an inorganic granule and an organic-containing granule according to the present invention (when no sawdust rots). The test conditions were a temperature of 30° C. and a humidity of 70%.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A plant medium material characterized by being a granular material comprising fly ash, a binder, an organic substance, and water. 2. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the binder is at least one selected from the group consisting of cement, gypsum, bentonite, zeolite, and water glass. 3. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the organic matter is organic fertilizer or organic industrial waste. 4. Organic fertilizer or organic industrial waste may be used as bone meal, fish scraps,
The culture medium according to claim 3, which is vegetable oil residue, okara, livestock dung, sewage sludge, earthworm dung, sawdust, straw, bagasse, beet moss, and bark. 5. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash is fly ash produced from a pulverized coal combustion boiler. 6. A plant medium material characterized by being a granular material consisting of fly ash produced in a pulverized coal-fired boiler, fly ash produced in a fluidized-bed coal-fired boiler, organic matter, and water. 7. A plant medium material characterized by being a granular material consisting of fly ash produced in a fluidized bed coal-fired boiler, organic matter, and water.