JPH04104736A - Fly ash-containing culture medium material for plant - Google Patents
Fly ash-containing culture medium material for plantInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04104736A JPH04104736A JP2220993A JP22099390A JPH04104736A JP H04104736 A JPH04104736 A JP H04104736A JP 2220993 A JP2220993 A JP 2220993A JP 22099390 A JP22099390 A JP 22099390A JP H04104736 A JPH04104736 A JP H04104736A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fly ash
- soil
- water
- culture medium
- organic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 60
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000220259 Raphanus Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000219315 Spinacia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000353097 Molva molva Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000758706 Piperaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021321 essential mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008654 plant damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は植物用培地材に関し、特にフライアッシュ(石
炭の燃焼によって生成される細粒灰)及び有機物を含有
する植物用培地材に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a culture medium for plants, and particularly to a culture medium for plants containing fly ash (fine ash produced by combustion of coal) and organic matter.
本発明は近年大量に発生するフライアッシュの有効利用
を目的とするものである。The present invention aims to effectively utilize fly ash, which has been generated in large quantities in recent years.
フライアッシュは、1989年度電力産業実績で約40
0万を発生し、将来さらに増大することがエネルギー長
期見通して示されている。しかしながら、フライアッシ
ュの品質は、未燃炭素分(黒色)の多いものや球形性粒
子(未溶融)が混在するなど、品質か低下しているため
、約60%か埋立等の廃棄処理されており、残り約40
%のみが有効利用の対象となっている。そこで、低品位
フライアッシュの有効利用方法について、各分野で鋭意
開発研究を行っている。According to the power industry results in 1989, fly ash was used in about 40
0,000,000, and long-term energy projections indicate that it will further increase in the future. However, the quality of fly ash has deteriorated, including a large amount of unburned carbon (black) and spherical particles (unmelted), so approximately 60% of the fly ash is disposed of in landfills or other forms of waste. About 40 left
Only % is eligible for effective use. Therefore, we are conducting intensive research and development in various fields on how to effectively utilize low-grade fly ash.
従来の有効利用方法としては、セメント資材、建設資材
かあり、造粒利用方法として造粒焼成軽量骨材や造粒水
硬骨材かある。また、農業利用方法として、砂粒状焼成
ケイ酸カリ肥料とホウ素効果や酸性中和を目的とする粉
末状特殊肥料かある。Conventional effective usage methods include cement materials and construction materials, and granulation methods include granulated calcined lightweight aggregate and granulated hydraulic aggregate. In addition, agricultural applications include sand granular calcined potassium silicate fertilizer and powdered special fertilizer for the purpose of boron effect and acid neutralization.
また、フライアッシュをセメントを主原料とし、添加剤
を加えて金属イオン、ガス、臭気の吸着剤としても利用
されている(特開昭63
224733号)。In addition, fly ash is used as an adsorbent for metal ions, gases, and odors by using cement as the main raw material and adding additives (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-224733).
露地栽培の培地は我か国の場合、その立地条件から降雨
や季節風な々により土壌中のカリウム、カルシウム、マ
グネシウムなどが失われやすく、土壌が酸性に傾いたり
、養分欠乏に陥ったりする場合か多く、その他にも重粘
質土壌、砂質土壌、礫質土壌、火山灰土壌なとか多く、
必ずしも耕地として適しているとはいえない状況にある
。また、上記のような不良土壌条件に伴い作物の連作障
害も起こりやすく、その原因としては、土壌養分の欠乏
、土壌反応の悪化、土壌物理性の悪化、病原菌や害虫な
どの有害土壌生物、植物体自体からの毒素の集積などか
あげられる。In our country, open-field cultivation media tend to lose potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc. in the soil due to rainfall and seasonal winds, and the soil becomes acidic or becomes nutrient deficient. There are many other types such as heavy clay soil, sandy soil, gravelly soil, and volcanic ash soil.
The situation is such that the land is not necessarily suitable for cultivation. In addition, continuous crop failure is likely to occur due to the above-mentioned poor soil conditions, and the causes include lack of soil nutrients, deterioration of soil reaction, deterioration of soil physical properties, harmful soil organisms such as pathogens and pests, and plant damage. One example is the accumulation of toxins from the body itself.
従って、露地作物栽培に当たっては土壌改良は不可欠と
いえる条件であり、土壌理化学性、生物性の改良を目的
とした土壌改良資材が施用されており、主な土壌改良資
材の性質は下表のとおりである。Therefore, soil improvement is an essential condition for outdoor crop cultivation, and soil improvement materials are applied for the purpose of improving soil physical, chemical and biological properties.The properties of the main soil improvement materials are shown in the table below. It is.
一方、人工栽培には養液栽培と鉢物栽培かあり、養液栽
培の固型培地式では礫を充填したヘットに培養液を循環
させる礫耕と砂を充填したヘッドに培養液をかけ流す砂
耕なと、無機質の固型培地はあるか、有機質含有の固型
培地はなかった。On the other hand, there are two types of artificial cultivation: hydroponic cultivation and pot cultivation.In the solid medium method of hydroponic cultivation, the culture medium is circulated through a head filled with gravel, and the culture medium is poured into a head filled with sand. When it comes to cultivation, there was either an inorganic solid medium or no organic solid medium.
以上に鑑み、本発明はフライアッシュを用いた有機質含
有固型培地を提供することを目的とするものである。In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an organic matter-containing solid medium using fly ash.
本発明はフライアッシュ、バインダー及び有機物からな
る粒状体である植物用培地材を提供するものである。The present invention provides a plant medium material that is a granular material consisting of fly ash, a binder, and an organic substance.
バインダーとしては、例えば、セメント、石こう、ヘン
トナイト、ゼオライト、水ガラスなど、又はそれらの混
合物を用いることかできる。As the binder, for example, cement, gypsum, hentonite, zeolite, water glass, etc., or a mixture thereof can be used.
粒状体は、その形状、大きさは特に限定されるものでは
なく、それぞれの植物用培地材の使用目的に応し、適宜
選択してよいか、好ましくは、球形粒、柱状粒、中空柱
状粒として用いることができ、サイズは通常2II11
〜40龍、好ましくは、2m■〜6■lである。球状粒
の場合は、例えば、皿型造粒機による転動造粒で製造す
ることができ、また、柱状粒、中空柱状粒は押出成型機
によって造粒できる。The shape and size of the granules are not particularly limited, and may be selected as appropriate depending on the purpose of use of each plant medium material, preferably spherical particles, columnar particles, and hollow columnar particles. The size is usually 2II11
-40 Leng, preferably 2 m - 6 L. Spherical grains can be produced, for example, by rolling granulation using a dish-type granulator, and columnar grains and hollow columnar grains can be granulated by an extrusion molding machine.
また、押出し成型機でマカロニ状の中空柱状に成型する
ときにも、その保形性が繊維質の有機物を用いると補強
されるため、押出し可能な軟度の混合物においても定格
形状に保形製造される。In addition, when molding macaroni-like hollow columns using an extrusion molding machine, the shape retention is reinforced by using fibrous organic matter, so even mixtures with extrudable softness can be manufactured to the rated shape. be done.
本発明の有機物としては、各種有機質肥料又は有機質産
業廃棄物等を用いることができる。例えば、骨粉、類カ
ス、植物油カス、おから、家畜ふん、下水汚泥、ミミス
ふん、オガクズ、ワラ、バガス、ビートモス、バーク(
樹皮をほぐしたもの)なとを用いることかできる。As the organic substance of the present invention, various organic fertilizers, organic industrial wastes, etc. can be used. For example, bone meal, dregs, vegetable oil dregs, okara, livestock dung, sewage sludge, earthworm dung, sawdust, straw, bagasse, beet moss, bark (
You can also use something like loosened bark.
フライアッシュとしては、例えば、火力発電所及び各種
産業工場等の微粉炭燃焼ボイラー又は流動床ボイラーか
ら大量に発生するフライアッシュを用いることができる
。As the fly ash, for example, fly ash generated in large quantities from pulverized coal combustion boilers or fluidized bed boilers in thermal power plants and various industrial factories can be used.
微粉炭燃焼ボイラー産フライアッシュは、平均粒径か2
0〜30μmの鉱物質粉末であって、その鉱物組成は、
石英(S iO2) ・ムライト(2110・3 S
IO2)を主とする結晶質をかなり含む非晶質のガラス
質鉱物である。Fly ash from pulverized coal-fired boilers has an average particle size of
A mineral powder of 0 to 30 μm, the mineral composition of which is:
Quartz (S iO2) ・Mullite (2110.3 S
It is an amorphous glassy mineral containing a considerable amount of crystalline material, mainly IO2).
流動床石炭燃焼ボイラー産フライアッシュは、平均粒径
30〜60μmの粉体状で、その鉱物組成は石英(Si
O7)・生石炭(Ca O) ・方解石(CaCO)
・赤鉄鉱(Fe203)の結晶質を主体とし、少量の非
晶質よりなっている。また、これらの鉱物は少量のB(
ホウ素)、Mn(マンガン)Zn(亜鉛)、Cu(銅)
、MO(モリブデン)等を含有あるいは付着している。Fly ash produced in fluidized bed coal-fired boilers is in the form of powder with an average particle size of 30 to 60 μm, and its mineral composition is quartz (Si).
O7)・Raw coal (CaO)・Calcite (CaCO)
- Mainly crystalline hematite (Fe203), with a small amount of amorphous. These minerals also contain small amounts of B (
boron), Mn (manganese), Zn (zinc), Cu (copper)
, MO (molybdenum), etc. are contained or attached thereto.
その主たる化学組成は次表のとおりである。Its main chemical composition is shown in the table below.
第2表 フライアッシュの主成分
流動床石炭燃焼ボイラー産のフライアッシュは水硬性か
あり、これを用いるときはバインダーとして働くのでバ
インダーを別個に添加しなくてもよい、又はバインダー
の量を減らしてもよい。Table 2 Main components of fly ash Fly ash produced in fluidized bed coal-fired boilers is hydraulic, and when used, it acts as a binder, so there is no need to add a binder separately, or the amount of binder can be reduced. Good too.
即ち、脱硫を併行して行う石灰石粒をベツドとする流動
床式石炭燃焼ボイラーから発生するフライアッシュは、
一般に約2/3の石炭灰と約1/3の石灰化合物とがら
なっており、石灰化合物中には約800℃の熱歴を受け
るため水硬性の無水石膏(Ca S O4)もがなり含
むことがら、水の介在下で固化する。In other words, fly ash generated from a fluidized bed coal-fired boiler with a bed of limestone grains that also undergoes desulfurization is
Generally, coal ash is about 2/3 and lime compound is about 1/3, and the lime compound also contains hydraulic anhydrite (CaSO4) because it undergoes a thermal history of about 800℃. However, it solidifies in the presence of water.
本発明において水は、粒状体の造粒時と造粒后の両方に
おいて、不可欠的に作用する。例えば、造粒時には、粉
粒子の表面を物理的吸着あるいは電気的固着の水膜て覆
い、粒子と粒子をその水の表面張力で接合し、粒子の団
粒化や合体化に関与する。In the present invention, water acts indispensably both during and after granulation of the granules. For example, during granulation, the surface of powder particles is covered with a physically adsorbed or electrically fixed water film, and the particles are bonded together by the surface tension of the water, contributing to agglomeration and coalescence of the particles.
造粒后には、セメント、石膏を用いるときは化学反応水
としてマトリックス中に不逆性水となり介在し、ヘント
ナイト、ゼオライトを用いるときは、その蒸発に伴うキ
セピラリーリアクンヨンによって、これらコロイド粒子
とうしを互に接近せしめて分子間引力や組込的接合力を
高めると共に、エトリンジヤイト等のポゾラン反応固化
物中に不可逆的に残留する。After granulation, when cement or gypsum is used, irreversible water becomes intervening in the matrix as chemical reaction water, and when hentonite or zeolite is used, xepillary reactants accompanying evaporation cause these colloidal particles to be dissolved. It brings the particles closer to each other to increase intermolecular attraction and built-in bonding force, and it remains irreversibly in pozzolanic reaction solidified products such as ettringite.
本発明における培地材の構成成分の比率は、通常はフラ
イアッシュ1重量部当り、バインダ0.1〜1.0重量
部、有機物0.1〜1.7重量部、及び水0.3〜2.
0重量部を用いるのがよい。The ratio of the components of the culture medium in the present invention is usually 0.1 to 1.0 parts by weight of binder, 0.1 to 1.7 parts by weight of organic matter, and 0.3 to 2 parts by weight of water per 1 part by weight of fly ash. ..
It is preferable to use 0 parts by weight.
本発明においてフライアッシュは次のような作用をする
。In the present invention, fly ash has the following functions.
Fe OlCaOlMgO,に20SB。20SB for FeOlCaOlMgO.
Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo等の微量成分はいずれも植物成
育の必須元素であり、−殺土壌に不足しがちなこれらの
成分を供給することにより、植物の良好な生育を促す。Trace components such as Mn, Zn, Cu, and Mo are all essential elements for plant growth, and by supplying these components, which tend to be insufficient in -killed soil, good growth of plants is promoted.
また畑作において大きな問題である連作障害(同一の作
物を造り続けると、収量、品質等か低下する現象)につ
いても、必須元素の供給により回避を図ることができる
。日本の土壌は主に酸性土壌であり、フライアッシュの
アルカリ成分の供給により、その矯正をすることができ
る。Furthermore, continuous cropping failure (a phenomenon in which yield, quality, etc. decrease when the same crop is grown continuously), which is a major problem in field farming, can be avoided by supplying essential elements. Japanese soil is mainly acidic, and it can be corrected by supplying alkaline components from fly ash.
カルシウム成分等多価イオンの介在によって、負帯電土
粒子を凝集せしめ、降水流出や風力飛散を抑制する。更
に酸性雨の降水に対する土壌・植生の保護作用がある。The presence of multivalent ions such as calcium components causes negatively charged soil particles to coagulate, suppressing rainfall runoff and wind scattering. Furthermore, it has a protective effect on soil and vegetation against acid rain.
本発明において有機物はっぎのような作用をする。即ち
、造粒に際して有機物を添加することにより、有機物が
核となり造粒性を大きく向上させ、造粒か容易になる。In the present invention, organic substances act like a trap. That is, by adding an organic substance during granulation, the organic substance becomes a nucleus, greatly improving granulation properties, and making granulation easier.
更に、有機物中に含まれる炭水化物の供給とフライアッ
シュ中の成分の相乗効果と保水効果により、土壌中の有
益な微生物の増殖を促し、土壌を健全に保ち、植物の良
好な発育、連作障害を回避することができる。また、有
機物の消化後は、固型物中がポーラスとなり、保水性や
保気性か高められる。Furthermore, the synergistic effect and water retention effect of the supply of carbohydrates contained in organic matter and the ingredients in fly ash promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, keep the soil healthy, promote good plant growth, and prevent continuous cropping problems. can be avoided. Furthermore, after the organic matter is digested, the solid matter becomes porous, improving water and air retention.
さらにフライアッシュ、有機物を造粒・成型して粒状体
としたことにより次のような作用を示す。Furthermore, by granulating and molding fly ash and organic matter into granules, the following effects are exhibited.
フライアッシュは、そのままでは粒径2o〜30μmと
非常に細かい粒子であり、運搬や土壌に混入する際に飛
散しやすく取扱いにくいが、砂や小砂刈入に造粒するこ
とにより、使用の際の取扱いか非常に容易になる。また
、フライアッシュを有機物混合て造粒することにより、
前述の造粒物自体か多孔質となり、粉体のままのフライ
アッシュではあまり期待てきない保肥力、保水力、保気
力か向上する。特に、中空柱状粒を混合すれば少量混合
でも、これら諸刃か向上する。更に粗砂大や小砂利大造
粒物を土壌に混入する場合にも、粉体混合に較へて粒度
改良かなされ土壌中の孔隙を増加させる二とかでき、土
壌の三相分布(固相、気相、液相の分布)を適正に保ち
、植物に適正な土壌硬度、透水性、保水性、保肥力等の
土壌物理性を改善できる。Fly ash is extremely fine particles with a particle size of 20 to 30 μm as it is, and is easily scattered and difficult to handle when transported or mixed into soil. However, by granulating it into sand or small sand, it can be It becomes very easy to handle. In addition, by granulating fly ash with organic matter,
The aforementioned granules themselves become porous, improving fertilizer retention, water retention, and air retention, which cannot be expected with fly ash in powder form. In particular, if hollow columnar grains are mixed, even if a small amount is mixed, these double-edged properties will be improved. Furthermore, when coarse sand or small gravel granules are mixed into the soil, the particle size is improved and the pore space in the soil is increased compared to powder mixture, and the three-phase distribution of the soil (solid phase distribution) is improved. , gas phase, and liquid phase distribution), and can improve soil physical properties such as soil hardness, water permeability, water retention capacity, and fertilizer retention capacity, which are suitable for plants.
本発明において、バインダーは、粒状体形成の為のフラ
イアッシュ及び有機物の結合作用をするのろでな(、さ
らに各種ハイ/ダ−により次の効果か得られる。In the present invention, the binder acts to bind fly ash and organic matter to form granules (in addition, the following effects can be obtained by using various types of binders).
高pHバインダーで固化させると、高pH水が滲出し強
い酸性土壌の中和か行われ、中性pHバインダーで固化
させると、弱アルカリ水か滲出し中性土壌の根酸化か防
げる。また、高強度バインダーで固化させると、養分滲
出を緩慢とすることができる。例えば、高pHから中性
までの石膏を用いることにより、pH調整の他、固結度
の調整による成分の溶出速度を調節できる。When solidified with a high pH binder, high pH water leaches out and neutralizes strongly acidic soil, and when solidified with a neutral pH binder, weak alkaline water leaches out and root oxidation of neutral soil is prevented. Furthermore, by solidifying with a high-strength binder, nutrient leaching can be slowed down. For example, by using gypsum with a pH ranging from high to neutral, it is possible to adjust the elution rate of components by adjusting the degree of consolidation in addition to adjusting the pH.
以上のように、本発明の植物培地材は現在の他の土壌改
良資材と比べてもさまざまな卓越的効果を持ち、植物栽
培培地としてはもちろん、上記の効果により、人工の鉢
物用の培地・養液栽培の礫と砂、ロックウール等と同等
もしくはそれ以上の性能を示す。As described above, the plant medium material of the present invention has various outstanding effects compared to other current soil improvement materials, and can be used not only as a plant cultivation medium, but also as a medium for artificial potted plants due to the above effects. Shows performance equivalent to or better than hydroponic gravel, sand, rock wool, etc.
有機物混入フライアッシュ粉粒体の造粒例とその造粒物
介在の屋内鉢栽培例及び露地栽培例について述べる。Examples of granulation of organic matter-containing fly ash powder and examples of indoor pot cultivation and outdoor cultivation using the granules will be described.
有機物入り球状粉の造型例は第3表に示すごとく有機質
粒なるオガクズ(2mm以下)を15重量%混合し、オ
ムニ式造粒機(ヘンシェル型回転造粒機)を用いて造粒
すると、オガクズの場合は無添加時より造球時間か約2
0%短縮、粒数が約3倍に増加、平均粒形か約1/2に
小径化、球形状が整うと共に造型性か数段も改良され、
その保水性も約15%増大し、植物の培土に相応しい粒
度と保水性の造粒物製造が有機均粒の核効果で容易とな
る。またその保水能力も第1図のごとく、有機物効果が
造粒直後でも現れた。腐食後ではさらにその能力が高ま
ることは明らかである。An example of forming a spherical powder containing organic matter is as shown in Table 3, when 15% by weight of sawdust (2 mm or less), which is organic particles, is mixed and granulated using an omni type granulator (Henschel type rotary granulator), sawdust is produced. In the case of , the ball making time is about 2 times longer than when no additives are added.
0% reduction, the number of grains has increased by about 3 times, the average grain size has been reduced to about 1/2, the spherical shape has been improved, and the moldability has been improved by several steps.
Its water retention capacity is also increased by approximately 15%, and the nucleation effect of the organic homogeneous granules facilitates the production of granules with a particle size and water retention capacity suitable for plant culture soil. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, the water retention capacity showed an organic substance effect even immediately after granulation. It is clear that the ability is further enhanced after corrosion.
第4表に示す造粒物を土壌に混合して造った培地を用い
て実施した屋内鉢栽培試験結果の例を第5表に示す。こ
のように(一般的な畑地土壌である)黒ボク土ではBC
O−15を10%混合することにより、無混合である対
象区に較べて2倍以上のハツカダイコンの収穫が得られ
、また酸性土である赤色上ではBGO−30を50%混
合することにより無混合である対象区に較べて3倍近い
ホウレンソウの収穫が、BCO−40を75%混合した
場合では1.3倍の収穫か得られた。Table 5 shows an example of the results of an indoor pot cultivation test conducted using a medium prepared by mixing the granules shown in Table 4 with soil. In this way, in Kuroboku soil (which is a common upland soil), BC
By mixing 10% of O-15, more than twice the yield of radish can be obtained compared to the target area where no mixture is added, and on the red soil, which is acidic, by mixing 50% of BGO-30, the yield of radish can be increased. The yield of spinach was nearly 3 times that of the mixed target area, but when 75% BCO-40 was mixed, the yield was 1.3 times as much.
このことから、土壌や作物の種類に応じてバインダーの
種類と土壌への混合率を調整することにより、造粒物に
よる土壌改良効果を十分に期待てきることが判った。From this, it was found that by adjusting the type of binder and its mixing ratio in the soil depending on the type of soil and crop, the soil improvement effect of the granules can be fully expected.
第6表に、第4表と同じ造粒物を土壌に混合して造った
培地を用いて実施した一作目の露地栽培試験結果の例を
示す。Table 6 shows an example of the results of the first open field cultivation test conducted using a medium prepared by mixing the same granules as in Table 4 with soil.
このように露地栽培では、造粒物の混合率か10%の場
合は、BFO−40を混合することにより黒ボク土て対
象区の約1.7倍、赤色上では約1.4倍のハツカダイ
コンの収穫か得られた。In this way, in open field cultivation, if the mixing ratio of granules is 10%, by mixing BFO-40, the soil will be about 1.7 times the target area for black soil, and about 1.4 times for red soil. I got a harvest of radishes.
また、第7表には二作目の露地栽培試験結果の例を示す
。黒ボク土におけるBCO−15を除いて、いずれも対
象区より多いシシトウの収穫が得られ、特に酸性土壌で
ある赤色上において対象区に較べて収穫が多く、土壌改
良効果が著しく向上しているのがわかる。Furthermore, Table 7 shows an example of the results of the open field cultivation test for the second crop. Except for BCO-15 in Kuroboku soil, a higher yield of shishito peppers was obtained than in the target plot in all cases, and especially in the acidic soil of Akagami, the yield was higher than in the target plot, and the soil improvement effect was significantly improved. I understand.
このように−作目より二作目の方か造粒物の土壌改良効
果か現れてきており、造粒物の養分か土壌に滲出すると
共に、有機物腐食による微生物の増殖作用と保水作用の
効果が徐々に現われていることが判る。In this way, the soil improvement effect of the granules is starting to appear in the second crop rather than the second crop, and the nutrients in the granules are leached into the soil, as well as the effects of microbial growth and water retention due to organic matter corrosion. It can be seen that it is gradually appearing.
以上から造粒の際に用いるバインダーの種類や造粒物の
土壌への混合率を土壌や作物の種類に応して適切に選ぶ
ことにより、植物栽培の培地としての本造粒物の効果か
確認できた。From the above, by appropriately selecting the type of binder used during granulation and the mixing ratio of the granules into the soil depending on the type of soil and crop, the effectiveness of this granule as a medium for plant cultivation can be improved. It could be confirmed.
第3表 造粒試験結果例
第4表 栽培用固型物造粒製造特配r階比PFC−微粉
炭燃焼中イラーpt 、7ライアノ/ユFBC−流動床
(1炭燃焼ボイラーdフライアノ/ユ第5表 屋内鉢栽
培例
第6表 露地栽培例(−作目)
注) 収穫量はハツカダイコンは根の重量、ホウレンソ
ウは葉の重量を=1量し対象区を100%として表記し
た。Table 3 Examples of granulation test results Table 4 Specially designed for granulation production of solid materials for cultivation Table 5 Indoor Pot Cultivation Example Table 6 Outdoor Cultivation Example (-crop) Note: The yield is expressed as root weight for radish and leaf weight for spinach as 1 weight, and the target area as 100%.
注) 収穫量は根の重量を計量し対象区を100%とし
て表記した。Note) Harvest amount is expressed by measuring the weight of roots and taking the target area as 100%.
第7表 露地栽培例(二作目)
注) 収穫量は実の重量を計量し対象区を10096と
して表5己しtこ。Table 7 Example of outdoor cultivation (second crop) Note: The yield is calculated by measuring the weight of the fruit and setting the target area as 10096 in Table 5.
本発明においてはフライアッンユの有効利用ができる。 In the present invention, frying can be effectively used.
更に、各種産業からの有機質産業廃棄物の有効利用かで
きる。Furthermore, organic industrial waste from various industries can be effectively utilized.
詳説すれば、
(イ) 石炭原木の成育過程で滋養摂取した植物成育必
須ミネラル質の濃縮したフライアッンユと炭水化物なる
オガクズやビートモス等を各種バインダーで大小強弱に
造粒することで、高性能の植物培地材、例えば固形農業
用培地材か生産され、かつ現在重大な社会問題となって
いるこれら産業廃棄物処理量の軽減と資源リサイクルに
貢献する。To explain in detail, (a) High-performance plant culture medium can be created by granulating carbohydrates such as sawdust and beet moss, which are concentrated fly-rings containing essential minerals for plant growth, with various binders in different sizes and strengths. It contributes to the reduction of the amount of industrial waste disposed of and resource recycling, which is currently a serious social problem.
(ロ) 有機質廃棄材の粒状物や針状繊維質をフライア
ッシュに混合し皿型造粒機て造球すると、これら有機物
か核となるため、造粒速度か倍加され、高能率・低コス
トの球体造粒を可能とした。(b) When granules and acicular fibers of organic waste materials are mixed with fly ash and ballized using a dish-type granulator, these organic materials form the core, which doubles the granulation speed, resulting in high efficiency and low cost. This enabled spherical granulation.
(ハ) 有機物混入造粒物の介在培地は、必然的に培地
の気相率と水相率か高まり、また有機質の消化後も造粒
物中がポーラスとなって、長期にわたって保水作用が維
持される。また中空柱状固形物の介在は、高含水土壌や
高粘性土壌にあって、排水性や通気性を高め、不毛地帯
の耕地化や緑化か図れる。(c) In a medium containing granules mixed with organic matter, the gas phase ratio and water phase ratio of the medium inevitably increase, and even after the organic matter has been digested, the granules become porous and retain water for a long period of time. be done. Furthermore, the presence of hollow columnar solids in highly water-containing soils and highly viscous soils improves drainage and aeration, making it possible to turn barren areas into arable land and green them.
(ニ) バインダーの選定や組合せによって、pHの高
〜中が特定でき、土壌に適合する造粒物が供給できる。(d) By selecting and combining binders, high to medium pH can be specified, and granules that are compatible with the soil can be supplied.
(ホ) 本発明の有機物入り造粒物介在培地で野菜を栽
培すると、無処理時より、適量混合時には収穫が倍増す
る。(e) When vegetables are grown in the organic matter-containing granule-mediated medium of the present invention, the yield is doubled when mixed in an appropriate amount compared to when no treatment is used.
(へ) 一般土壌に不足しかちな植物成育必須元素を供
給し、植物の成育を促進すると共に、連作障害を回避で
きる。(f) It supplies essential elements for plant growth that are often lacking in general soil, promoting plant growth and avoiding problems with continuous cropping.
(ト) 酸性土壌の矯正ができる。(g) Acidic soil can be corrected.
(チ) 負帯電土粒子を凝集させ、降水流出、風力飛散
を防止する。(H) Coagulate negatively charged soil particles to prevent rain runoff and wind scattering.
(す) 酸性雨に対する保護作用かある。(S) It has a protective effect against acid rain.
(ヌ) 造粒が容易である。(nu) Granulation is easy.
(ル) 土壌中の有益微生物の増殖促進、土壌の健全化
、植物の良好な発育、連作障害の回避かできる。(Ru) It can promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, improve the health of the soil, improve the growth of plants, and avoid problems with continuous cropping.
(ヲ) 有機物消化後、固型培地材かポーラスとなり、
保水性、保気性か高い。(wo) After the organic matter is digested, the solid medium becomes porous,
High water and air retention.
(ワ) 粒状体であって、微粉であるフライアッシュよ
り取扱いか著しく容易である。(W) Since it is a granular material, it is much easier to handle than fly ash, which is a fine powder.
(力) 粉体であるフライアッシュに比し、保肥力、保
水力、保気力か優れている。(Power) Compared to fly ash, which is a powder, it has superior fertilizer retention, water retention, and air retention capabilities.
(ヨ) 土壌への混入に際し、粉体に比し、土壌の三相
分布の適正保持、土壌の物理性の改善ができる。(Y) When mixed into soil, compared to powder, it is possible to properly maintain the three-phase distribution of soil and improve the physical properties of soil.
(夕) バインダーの選択により、養分滲出の調節がで
きる。(Evening) Nutrient leaching can be controlled by selecting a binder.
【図面の簡単な説明】
第1図は無機質造粒物と本発明における有機質含有造粒
物(オガクス無腐時)の含水率の経時変化の一例を示す
グラフである。試験条件は気温30℃、湿度70%であ
る。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing an example of changes over time in the moisture content of an inorganic granule and an organic-containing granule according to the present invention (when no sawdust rots). The test conditions were a temperature of 30° C. and a humidity of 70%.
Claims (1)
る粒状体であることを特徴とする植物用培地材。 2、バインダーがセメント、石こう、ベントナイト、ゼ
オライト及び水ガラスからなる群から選ばれた少なくと
も一種である請求項1記載の培地材。 3、有機物が有機質肥料又は有機質産業廃棄物である請
求項1記載の培地材。 4、有機質肥料又は有機質産業廃棄物が骨粉、魚カス、
植物油カス、おから、家畜ふん、下水汚泥、ミミズふん
、オガクズ、ワラ、バガス、ビートモス及びバークであ
る請求項3記載の培地材。 5、フライアッシュが微粉炭燃焼ボイラー産フライアッ
シュである請求項1の培地材。 6、微粉炭燃焼ボイラー産フライアッシュ、流動床石炭
燃焼ボイラー産フライアッシュ、有機物及び水からなる
粒状体であることを特徴とする植物用培地材。 7、流動床石炭燃焼ボイラー産フライアッシュ、有機物
及び水からなる粒状体であることを特徴とする植物用培
地材。[Scope of Claims] 1. A plant medium material characterized by being a granular material comprising fly ash, a binder, an organic substance, and water. 2. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the binder is at least one selected from the group consisting of cement, gypsum, bentonite, zeolite, and water glass. 3. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the organic matter is organic fertilizer or organic industrial waste. 4. Organic fertilizer or organic industrial waste may be used as bone meal, fish scraps,
The culture medium according to claim 3, which is vegetable oil residue, okara, livestock dung, sewage sludge, earthworm dung, sawdust, straw, bagasse, beet moss, and bark. 5. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash is fly ash produced from a pulverized coal combustion boiler. 6. A plant medium material characterized by being a granular material consisting of fly ash produced in a pulverized coal-fired boiler, fly ash produced in a fluidized-bed coal-fired boiler, organic matter, and water. 7. A plant medium material characterized by being a granular material consisting of fly ash produced in a fluidized bed coal-fired boiler, organic matter, and water.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2220993A JPH04104736A (en) | 1990-08-24 | 1990-08-24 | Fly ash-containing culture medium material for plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2220993A JPH04104736A (en) | 1990-08-24 | 1990-08-24 | Fly ash-containing culture medium material for plant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH04104736A true JPH04104736A (en) | 1992-04-07 |
Family
ID=16759789
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2220993A Pending JPH04104736A (en) | 1990-08-24 | 1990-08-24 | Fly ash-containing culture medium material for plant |
Country Status (1)
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JP (1) | JPH04104736A (en) |
Cited By (20)
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JPH04108315A (en) * | 1990-08-29 | 1992-04-09 | Taguchi Kenkyusho:Kk | Medium material and production thereof |
EP0607876A1 (en) * | 1993-01-20 | 1994-07-27 | Peter Bott | Plant substrate |
US5468276A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1995-11-21 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Fertilizer chip and process for making same |
JPH0937652A (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1997-02-10 | Chisso Corp | Mat for raising seedling of paddy rice |
JP2001261477A (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-09-26 | Nippon Paper Industries Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing organic fertilizer and/or soil conditioner |
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JP2011000016A (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2011-01-06 | Central Res Inst Of Electric Power Ind | Method for evaluating action of application of coal ash to soil |
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1990
- 1990-08-24 JP JP2220993A patent/JPH04104736A/en active Pending
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JPH04108315A (en) * | 1990-08-29 | 1992-04-09 | Taguchi Kenkyusho:Kk | Medium material and production thereof |
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JP2006075153A (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-03-23 | Kyushu Institute Of Technology | Planter box and method for raising plant using the same |
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