JP2004276315A - Extrusion-molded woody cement panel - Google Patents

Extrusion-molded woody cement panel Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004276315A
JP2004276315A JP2003068142A JP2003068142A JP2004276315A JP 2004276315 A JP2004276315 A JP 2004276315A JP 2003068142 A JP2003068142 A JP 2003068142A JP 2003068142 A JP2003068142 A JP 2003068142A JP 2004276315 A JP2004276315 A JP 2004276315A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
shape
wood
molded
extrusion
vibration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
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JP2003068142A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kazuhiko Sakai
和彦 坂井
Junya Ito
順也 伊藤
Hideki Kimura
秀樹 木村
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Nichiha Corp
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Nichiha Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to JP2003068142A priority Critical patent/JP2004276315A/en
Priority to CN 200410028485 priority patent/CN1693050B/en
Publication of JP2004276315A publication Critical patent/JP2004276315A/en
Priority to HK06105089.5A priority patent/HK1084918A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To manufacture an extrusion-molded woody cement panel having a sharp uneven pattern and excellent physical properties by extrusion molding. <P>SOLUTION: A preparatory molded object having a preparatory molded shape is obtained by the extrusion molding of a kneaded material comprising a raw material mixture based on cement and a woody reinforcing material and water and subjected to finish molding using a vibration press to manufacture the woody cement panel. The preparatory molded object has the intermediate shape between the shape of a flat plate-shaped molded object and the shape of a final molded object and, accordingly, the molding quantity in the case of the vibration press is reduced. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は押出成形によって製造される木質セメント板に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、例えば外壁材等に使用される木質セメント板は、セメントと、パルプのような木質補強材とを主体とする原料混合物と水との混練物を平板形状に押出し成形し、得られた平板形状の成形体表面に振動プレスによって凹凸模様を成形する方法によって製造されていた(例えば特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開平5−329823号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来方法にあっては、振動プレスによって凹凸模様を成形する場合、凹凸差が大きいと成形量が大きくなり、シャープな凹凸模様が成形出来ない。また振動プレスによればプレス時に成形物内で材料が振動によって動くので凹部と凸部との比重差が少なくなる方向に好影響を与えるが、プレス型による凹凸差が大きいと比重差も大きくなって、振動だけでは比重差は改善されず、成形物全体の物性に悪影響がもたらされるようになる、と云う問題点があった。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記従来の課題を解決する手段として、セメントと木質補強材とを主体とする原料混合物と水との混練物を押出成形することによって前駆成形形状を有する予備成形物とし、該予備成形物を振動プレスを用いて仕上げ成形することによって製造された押出成形木質セメント板を提供するものである。
【0006】
【作用】
本発明では押出成形によって目標成形形状の前駆形状を成形しておくから、振動プレス成形の際、凹凸差が大きくても成形量は余り大きくならず、そのためにシャープな凹凸模様を成形することが出来、かつ凹部と凸部との比重差も大きくならず、成形物全体の物性を向上させることが出来る。
本発明を以下に詳細に説明する。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に使用するセメントは、例えばポルトランドセメント、あるいはポルトランドセメントに高炉スラグを混合した高炉セメント、フライアッシュを混合したフライアッシュセメント、火山灰や白土等のシリカ物質を混合したシリカセメント、アルミナセメント、高炉スラグ等がある。
【0008】
本発明に使用する木質補強材は、例えば木粉、木毛、木片、木質繊維、木質パルプ、木質繊維束等があり、該木質補強材は二種以上混合されてもい。木質補強材として木質パルプや木粉のような微細なものを使用した木質セメント板廃材粉砕物を用いれば、混練物の押出成形性は木質補強材によって阻害されることなく良好に保たれる。
また更に本発明では竹繊維、竹チップ、麻繊維、ヤシ繊維、バカス、モミガラ、稲わら、サトウキビの搾り滓等の木材以外の木質補強材を使用することも出来る。
上記木質補強材の中では木質パルプ、木粉を使用することが好ましい。
【0009】
上記成分以外、本発明においては、例えばシリカ粉、ケイ砂、ケイ石の粉末、水ガラス、ケイ藻土、ドロマイト、シリカヒューム、高炉スラグ、フライアッシュ、シラスバルーン、パーライト等のケイ酸含有物質が添加されてもよく、 更に本発明では木質セメント板廃材粉砕物を使用することも出来る。また更に吸水性ポリマー、カルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、メトキシセルロース、エトキシセルロース、アルギン酸塩、ポリアクリル酸塩等の水溶性高分子、プラスチック発泡体粉砕物、プラスチック発泡性ビーズの予備発泡体、プラスチック発泡性ビーズの完全発泡体、防水剤、撥水剤、顔料、染料等が添加されてもよい。
【0010】
一般に上記木質補強材は原料混合物中2〜10質量%、セメントとケイ酸含有物質との質量比は50:50〜70:30程度に設定される。また木質セメント板廃材粉砕物を使用する場合には原料混合物中0〜45質量%添加される。
【0011】
木質セメント板を軽量化するためにはプラスチック発泡体を添加することが望ましい。このようなプラスチック発泡体は、プラスチック発泡体、特にプラスチック発泡体廃棄物の粉砕物、プラスチック発泡性ビーズの予備発泡体、プラスチック発泡性ビーズの完全発泡体等として添加される。上記プラスチック発泡体としては、例えばポリスチレン発泡体、ポリエチレン発泡体、ポリプロピレン発泡体、フェノール樹脂発泡体、メラミン樹脂発泡体等がある。
【0012】
押出成形の際の成形性を向上させるために、水溶性高分子を添加して混練物の流動性を改良したり、吸水性ポリマーを添加して混練物の保水性を大きくしたりすることが好ましい。
【0013】
木質セメント板廃材粉砕物は木質補強材を含み、したがって該廃材粉砕物を使用すれば原料混合物中の木質補強材の添加量をその分減らすことが出来るし、またある程度の自己硬化性を有するので、ケイ酸含有物質と共に、あるいはケイ酸含有物質の一部に代えて使用すれば、得られる木質セメント板の強度を向上させることが出来る。
【0014】
上記原料混合物には水が添加され混練されるが、水の添加量は通常原料混合物100質量部に対して40〜70質量部とされる。
【0015】
上記混練物は押出機に充填され、該押出機のダイスから押出されるが、ダイス形状を所定の前駆成形形状として該前駆成形形状を有する予備成形物を成形する。押出圧力は通常0.5〜3MPaの範囲に設定する。該予備成形物は所定寸法に裁断され振動プレスされる。あるいは該押出成形では平板形状に押出し、押出機の後段に配置した型ロールまたはプレスによって予備成形物を成形してもよい。
【0016】
振動プレス装置の一実施例を図1に示す。図1において、(1) は上定盤、(2) は下定盤であり、該上定盤(1) には振動装置(3,3) が取付けられ、該振動装置(3,3) の下側には振動盤(4) が取付けられ、該振動盤(4) の下面には型板(5) が支持されている。該型板(5) の下面(型面)は所定の目的成形形状を有している。
【0017】
該上定盤(1) の両側面からはガイド枠(6,6) が延設されており、上定盤(1) とガイド枠(6,6) はそれぞれ独立して上下動可能とされている。該振動盤(4) が振動装置(3,3) によって振動する場合、両側を該ガイド枠(6,6) によってガイドされる。該型板(5) は取替え可能とされており、該ガイド枠(6,6) は該型板(5) の巾、即ち成形物の巾に対応して左右間隔を調節出来るようにされている。また図示しないが型板(5) の型面には所定個の微細な空孔が設けられており、成形物の離型の際に該空孔から空気を噴出させて離型を促進する。更に、上記ガイド枠(6,6) の下端には可撓性のあるシート、例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレタンのような軟質プラスチックシートからなるシール材(7,7) が介在されており、振動プレス時に成形物が装置のクリアランスに入り込むのを防止している。
【0018】
予備成形物PMは下定盤(2) 上にセットされ、上定盤(1) を介して振動盤(4) 、型板(5) を下降させ、該型板(5) に振動装置(3,3) によって振動を与えつゝ該予備成形物PMをプレス成形する。この場合の振動の周波数は一般的に30〜1000Hz、望ましくは50〜300Hz、振幅は1〜500μm、望ましくは50〜200μm、プレス圧は0.5〜3MPa、プレス時間は数秒とされる。上記振動プレスにおいては、予備成形物PMに全面的あるいは所定個所に離型剤を塗布しておいてもよい。
本発明において、予備成形物PMとは平板形状と目的形状との中間的な成形形状(前駆成形形状)に成形された成形物を云う。
【0019】
このような予備成形物と最終成形物との例を図2、A,B,C、図3、A,B,C、図4、A,B,Cに示す。図2Aに示すのは表面に断面コの字状溝の複数条を形成した前駆成形形状PEを有する予備成形物PMであり、Bに示すように型板(51)で振動プレスして、Cに示すように該溝の巾が上方に広がるテー パー形状に仕上げ、目的成形形状Eを有する最終成形物Mとする。図3Aに示すのは表面に図2Cに示すのと同様なテーパー溝を複数条を成形した前駆成形形状PEを有する予備成形物PMであり、Bに示すように型板(52)で振動プレスして、Cに示すように全面的に微細凹凸形状MEを付して目的成形形状Eを有する最終成形物Mとする。図4Aに示すのは断面形状が上辺が斜めになった異形コの字形の予備成形物PMであり、Bに示すように上面に型板(53)で振動プレスして、Cに示すように上面に凹凸Eを形成して目的成形形状を有する最終成形物Mとする。
上記成形物は100℃以下の加温加湿状態で一次養生され、100℃以上の高温高圧蒸気で二次養生され、適宜乾燥される。
以下に本発明の実施例を記載する。
【0020】
〔実施例〕
下記組成の混練物を調製した。
ポルトランドセメント 45 質量%
ケイ砂 30 〃
木質セメント板廃材粉砕物 16.9〃
木質補強材 6.5〃
軽量化剤 0.9〃
増粘剤 0.7〃
上記原料混合物100質量部に対して水60質量部の比率で添加して混練する。
上記混練物を使用して図2、図3、図4に示すような形状の予備成形物PM、PM、PMを押出成形した。押出圧力は1.5MPaに設定した。
【0021】
上記予備成形物PM、PM、PMを型板(51,52,53)を使用して振動プレスにより仕上げ成形を行ない、最終成形物M、M、Mを製造した。振動プレス条件は周波数70Hz、振幅100μm、プレス圧1MPa、プレス時間5秒とした。
比較として上記混練物を平板状に押出成形し、振動プレスによって最終成形物CM、CM、CMを成形し、同様に養生硬化乾燥した。
上記最終成形物M、M、M、CM、CM、CMの凹部と凸部との比重を測定した結果を表1に示す。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 2004276315
【0023】
表1によれば、本発明の成形物M、M、Mは比較成形物CM、CM、CMに比して凹部と凸部との比重差は極めて小さいことが認められ、また凹凸模様もシャープであった。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
本発明の木質セメント板は、表面の凹凸模様もシャープで、かつ凹部と凸部との比重差が小さく、物性も良好である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
図1〜図4は本発明の一実施例を示すものである。
【図1】振動プレス装置の概略側面図
【図2】A:予備成形物説明図
B:振動プレス説明図
C:最終成形物
【図3】A:予備成形物説明図
B:振動プレス説明図
C:最終成形物
【図4】A:予備成形物説明図
B:振動プレス説明図
C:最終成形物
【符号の説明】
PM,PM,PM, 予備成形物
10 振動プレス装置[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a wood cement board manufactured by extrusion.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, for example, a wood cement board used for an outer wall material or the like is obtained by extruding a kneaded material of a raw material mixture mainly composed of cement and a wood reinforcing material such as pulp and water into a flat plate shape, and forming the obtained flat plate. It has been manufactured by a method of forming a concavo-convex pattern on the surface of a shaped body by a vibration press (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-5-329823
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-mentioned conventional method, when forming a concavo-convex pattern by a vibration press, if the concavo-convex difference is large, the amount of molding becomes large, and a sharp concavo-convex pattern cannot be formed. In addition, according to the vibration press, the material moves by vibration in the molded product at the time of pressing, which has a positive effect on the direction in which the specific gravity difference between the concave portion and the convex portion is reduced. Thus, there is a problem that the difference in specific gravity is not improved by vibration alone, and the physical properties of the entire molded product are adversely affected.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a means for solving the above-mentioned conventional problems, the present invention provides a preformed product having a preformed shape by extruding a kneaded product of a raw material mixture mainly composed of cement and wood reinforcing material and water, and forming the preformed product. An object of the present invention is to provide an extruded wood cement board manufactured by finish-molding an object using a vibration press.
[0006]
[Action]
In the present invention, since the precursor shape of the target molding shape is molded by extrusion molding, the amount of molding is not so large even when the difference in irregularities is large, and therefore, it is possible to mold a sharp irregular pattern during vibration press molding. As a result, the specific gravity difference between the concave portion and the convex portion does not increase, and the physical properties of the entire molded product can be improved.
The present invention will be described in detail below.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The cement used in the present invention is, for example, Portland cement, blast furnace cement in which blast furnace slag is mixed with Portland cement, fly ash cement in which fly ash is mixed, silica cement in which silica materials such as volcanic ash and clay are mixed, alumina cement, blast furnace There are slugs and the like.
[0008]
The wood reinforcing material used in the present invention includes, for example, wood flour, wood wool, wood chips, wood fiber, wood pulp, wood fiber bundle, and the like. Two or more wood reinforcing materials may be mixed. If a pulverized wood cement board waste material using a fine material such as wood pulp or wood flour is used as the wood reinforcing material, the extrudability of the kneaded material can be kept well without being hindered by the wood reinforcing material.
Further, in the present invention, a wood reinforcing material other than wood, such as bamboo fiber, bamboo chip, hemp fiber, coconut fiber, bacas, fir, rice straw, and sugarcane scum can also be used.
Among the above wood reinforcing materials, it is preferable to use wood pulp and wood flour.
[0009]
Other than the above components, in the present invention, for example, silica-containing substances such as silica powder, silica sand, silica powder, water glass, diatomaceous earth, dolomite, silica fume, blast furnace slag, fly ash, shirasu balloon, pearlite, etc. It may be added, and in the present invention, a pulverized wood cement board waste material can also be used. Water-absorbing polymers, water-soluble polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methoxycellulose, ethoxycellulose, alginate and polyacrylate, pulverized plastic foam, prefoamed plastic foam beads, and plastic foam beads May be added, a waterproofing agent, a water repellent, a pigment, a dye, and the like.
[0010]
Generally, the wood reinforcing material is set to 2 to 10% by mass in the raw material mixture, and the mass ratio of cement to the silicic acid-containing substance is set to about 50:50 to 70:30. When using a wood cement board waste material pulverized material, it is added in an amount of 0 to 45% by mass in the raw material mixture.
[0011]
In order to reduce the weight of the wood cement board, it is desirable to add a plastic foam. Such plastic foams are added as plastic foams, especially pulverized plastic foam waste, prefoamed plastic foamed beads, full foamed plastic foamed beads and the like. Examples of the plastic foam include polystyrene foam, polyethylene foam, polypropylene foam, phenol resin foam, and melamine resin foam.
[0012]
In order to improve the moldability during extrusion molding, it is possible to improve the fluidity of the kneaded material by adding a water-soluble polymer, or to increase the water retention of the kneaded material by adding a water-absorbing polymer. preferable.
[0013]
Since the crushed wood cement board waste material contains wood reinforcement, the use of the crushed waste wood material makes it possible to reduce the amount of wood reinforcement added to the raw material mixture, and has a certain degree of self-hardening. When used together with or in place of a part of the silicic acid-containing substance, the strength of the obtained wood cement board can be improved.
[0014]
Water is added to the raw material mixture and kneaded, and the amount of water added is usually 40 to 70 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the raw material mixture.
[0015]
The kneaded product is filled in an extruder and extruded from a die of the extruder. A preform having the preformed shape is formed by setting the die shape to a predetermined preformed shape. The extrusion pressure is usually set in the range of 0.5 to 3 MPa. The preform is cut to a predetermined size and subjected to vibration pressing. Alternatively, in the extrusion molding, the preform may be extruded into a flat plate shape, and the preform may be molded by a mold roll or a press arranged at the subsequent stage of the extruder.
[0016]
One embodiment of the vibration press device is shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, (1) is an upper surface plate, (2) is a lower surface plate, and a vibration device (3, 3) is attached to the upper surface plate (1). A vibration plate (4) is mounted on the lower side, and a template (5) is supported on the lower surface of the vibration plate (4). The lower surface (mold surface) of the template (5) has a predetermined target molding shape.
[0017]
Guide frames (6, 6) extend from both sides of the upper stool (1), and the upper stool (1) and the guide frames (6, 6) can be independently moved up and down. ing. When the vibrating plate (4) is vibrated by the vibrating device (3, 3), both sides are guided by the guide frames (6, 6). The template (5) is replaceable, and the guide frames (6, 6) are adapted to adjust the left-right spacing in accordance with the width of the template (5), that is, the width of the molded product. I have. Although not shown, a predetermined number of fine holes are formed in the mold surface of the mold plate (5), and air is blown out from the holes to release the molded product when the molded product is released. Further, at the lower end of the guide frame (6, 6), a sealing material (7, 7) made of a flexible sheet, for example, a soft plastic sheet such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide or polyurethane is interposed. This prevents the molded product from entering the clearance of the device during vibration pressing.
[0018]
The preform PM is set on the lower platen (2), and the vibrating plate (4) and the template (5) are lowered via the upper platen (1), and the vibrating device (3) is attached to the template (5). , 3) The preform PM is press-formed. In this case, the vibration frequency is generally 30 to 1000 Hz, preferably 50 to 300 Hz, the amplitude is 1 to 500 μm, preferably 50 to 200 μm, the pressing pressure is 0.5 to 3 MPa, and the pressing time is several seconds. In the above-described vibration press, a release agent may be applied to the entire surface of the preform PM or at a predetermined position.
In the present invention, the preform PM refers to a molded product formed into an intermediate shape (precursor shape) between a flat plate shape and a target shape.
[0019]
Examples of such a preform and a final molded product are shown in FIGS. 2, A, B, and C, FIGS. 3, A, B, and C, and FIGS. 4, A, B, and C. FIG. 2A shows a preform PM 1 having a preformed shape PE 1 having a plurality of U-shaped grooves formed on a surface thereof, and is subjected to vibration pressing with a template (51) as shown in B. , finishing tape par shape width of the groove widens upward as shown in C, and the final molded product M 1 having the desired molded shape E 1. A preform PM 2 having a precursor molded shape PE 2 molded multiple conditions similar taper groove to that shown in Figure 2C to the surface that shown in Figure 3A, a mold plate, as shown in B (52) vibrating press, the final molded product M 2 having the desired molded shape E 2 are denoted by the overall fine irregularities ME as shown in C. Shown in FIG. 4A is a preform PM 3 of shaped profile co the cross section upper side is slanted, and vibrate the press at the mold plate on the upper surface as shown in B (53), as shown in C the final molded product M 3 having the desired molded shape to form a concave-convex E 3 on the top surface to the.
The molded product is primarily cured in a heated and humidified state at 100 ° C. or less, secondarily cured with high-temperature and high-pressure steam at 100 ° C. or more, and dried as appropriate.
Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described.
[0020]
〔Example〕
A kneaded product having the following composition was prepared.
Portland cement 45 mass%
Silica sand 30〃
Wood cement board waste material crushed material 16.9〃
Wood reinforcement 6.5〃
Lightening agent 0.9〃
Thickener 0.7〃
Water is added at a ratio of 60 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of the raw material mixture and kneaded.
Using the kneaded material, preforms PM 1 , PM 2 , PM 3 having the shapes shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 were extruded. The extrusion pressure was set at 1.5 MPa.
[0021]
The preforms PM 1 , PM 2 , PM 3 were finish-formed by a vibration press using a template (51, 52, 53) to produce final formed products M 1 , M 2 , M 3 . The vibration pressing conditions were a frequency of 70 Hz, an amplitude of 100 μm, a pressing pressure of 1 MPa, and a pressing time of 5 seconds.
As a comparison, the above kneaded material was extruded into a flat plate, and the final molded products CM 1 , CM 2 , and CM 3 were molded by a vibration press, and similarly cured and dried.
Table 1 shows the results of measuring the specific gravities of the concave and convex portions of the final molded products M 1 , M 2 , M 3 , CM 1 , CM 2 , and CM 3 .
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004276315
[0023]
According to Table 1, it is recognized that the molded articles M 1 , M 2 , and M 3 of the present invention have an extremely small difference in specific gravity between the concave portions and the convex portions as compared with the comparative molded products CM 1 , CM 2 , and CM 3. Also, the uneven pattern was sharp.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
The wood cement board of the present invention has a sharp surface irregularity pattern, a small specific gravity difference between the concave portion and the convex portion, and also has good physical properties.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 to 4 show one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a vibration press apparatus. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a preformed product B: a diagram for explaining a vibration press C: a final molded product FIG. 3A is a diagram for explaining a preformed product B: a diagram for explaining a vibration press C: Final molded product [Fig. 4] A: Preliminary molded product illustration B: Vibration press explanatory diagram C: Final molded product [Description of reference numerals]
PM 1 , PM 2 , PM 3 , preform 10 Vibration press

Claims (1)

セメントと木質補強材とを主体とする原料混合物と水との混練物を押出成形することによって前駆成形形状を有する予備成形物とし、該予備成形物を振動プレスを用いて仕上げ成形することによって製造されたことを特徴とする押出成形木質セメント板。Manufactured by extruding a kneaded product of a raw material mixture mainly composed of cement and wood reinforcing material and water into a preformed product having a preformed shape, and finishing the preformed product using a vibration press. An extruded wood cement board characterized by being made.
JP2003068142A 2003-03-13 2003-03-13 Extrusion-molded woody cement panel Pending JP2004276315A (en)

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CN 200410028485 CN1693050B (en) 2003-03-13 2004-03-12 Extrusion-molded woody cement panel
HK06105089.5A HK1084918A1 (en) 2003-03-13 2006-04-28 Wood-cement board manufactured by extrusion-molding

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EP2093034A3 (en) * 2008-02-08 2011-04-27 Pescale S.p.A. Method for treating catalyzed hydraulic mixtures for making non polluting articles and the articles made thereby
JP2011131494A (en) * 2009-12-24 2011-07-07 Denso Corp Method for manufacturing ceramic substrate
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JP2011131494A (en) * 2009-12-24 2011-07-07 Denso Corp Method for manufacturing ceramic substrate
WO2019008626A1 (en) * 2017-07-03 2019-01-10 サイアミーズ エコライト カンパニー リミテッド Lightweight concrete panel extrusion molding device, and lightweight concrete panel manufactured by said extrusion molding device
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