JP2004275119A

JP2004275119A - Greenhouse

Info

Publication number: JP2004275119A
Application number: JP2003073230A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Hiroshi Wada; 和田　　弘; Akio Okumura; 昭雄奥村; Nobuo Ishida; 信男石田
Original assignee: OM INST Inc; OM INSTITUTE Inc
Current assignee: OM INST Inc; OM INSTITUTE Inc
Priority date: 2003-03-18
Filing date: 2003-03-18
Publication date: 2004-10-07
Anticipated expiration: 2023-03-18
Also published as: JP3690605B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greenhouse enabling effectively concentratedly heating sand and soil for hydroponics when setting a shelf for hydroponics in the greenhouse, producing no shade in the greenhouse by a heat collection panel arranged in the greenhouse without letting the existence of the heat collection panel hinder growth of plant in the greenhouse, requiring no time to attach and detach a heat insulation panel covering the side wall of the greenhouse, and effectively utilizing the heat insulation panel not only in winter but also in summer. <P>SOLUTION: This greenhouse 1 with a transparent rooftop comprises a solar heat collection panel 12 and a circulating heat storage device comprising a down blast pipe 17 for sending air from the heat collection panel 12 into the ground in the greenhouse 1, a buried heat storage pipe 7 connected to the blast pipe and a rising blowing pipe 8 from the buried heat storage pipe 7. The greenhouse 1 is arranged with a hydroponics bed 5 and the blowing opening of the rising blowing pipe 8 is arranged below the hydroponics bed 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、太陽光の集熱パネルを使用するビニールハウスなどの温室に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の温室は室内が高温、多湿になり過ぎる場合が起こり、尻腐れ病などの病害の発生や、作業者の健康にも悪影響をもたらす場合が起こっている。また、北海道などの寒冷地では土中温度が表層部分しか上がらないために、昼夜の温度差が大きく、多量の補助燃料や補助設備を必要としていた。
【０００３】
そもそも植物は、根から水を吸い上げ、葉から蒸散することによって植物に必須の成分を土中から得るだけでなく、葉からの熱の蒸散によって温度上昇を抑えて、葉緑体の光合成効率を高いレベルに維持している。温室内の温度が高くなり過ぎて、蒸散が不十分になれば、ミネラルの取り込みができないだけでなく、葉の温度が高くなって光合成効率も低下してしまい、植物の生命活動に危険をもたらす結果になる。
【０００４】
従来型の温室で、窓の開閉や強制換気、時によっては除湿器を必要としていたのは、温室本体構造が温度のみに着目していたことの結果である。また、このことから、葉面の水蒸気を移動させる微風が室内に大切であることが分かる。
【０００５】
そこで、発明者が先に提案した温室として次のものがある。これは、図４に示すように、骨組材１ａとビニール３等による透明膜または板による温室１は、太陽光の集熱装置４による加温手段と、該集熱装置４に接続して温室１内に温風を供給するとともに温室１の土中に蓄熱させる循環管による蓄熱循環手段とを配設する。前記集熱装置４は、屋根２の南側傾斜面に配設するもので、太陽熱集熱パネル１２を複数並列させて屋根２の内側の温室１内に設置する。集熱パネル１２のサイズは温室１の構造や規模などにより任意に決定し、不必要時には取り外せるように設置する。
【０００６】
前記蓄熱循環手段は、集熱パネル１２の排気口１１に吸い込み口１６が開口する集熱管１５と、該集熱管１５に接続して温室１内の側壁にそって配管される立ち下がり送風管１７と、該立ち下がり送風管１７に接続して土中に埋設される下部水平管である土中管１８と、該土中管１８に接続する土中からの立ち上がり送風管１９とで構成する。
【０００７】
前記集熱管１５は妻型の屋根２の頂部内側に水平に配設されるもので、長さ方向で集熱パネル１２の排気口１１の対応位置に吸い込み口１６を形成した。排気口１１と吸い込み口１６とは図示のように離間させてもよいが、直接接続することもできる。また、立ち下がり送風管１７はこの集熱管１５の中央下部に上端の開口を接続するもので、該立ち下がり送風管１７の中間の高さ位置より下方に別の吸い込み口３０を開口し、この吸い込み口３０の下方に電動の送風ファン２０を取り付ける。
【０００８】
蓄熱管としての土中管１８は温室１内の畝２１と直交する方向で中央に１本の本管１８ａを接続し、該本管１８ａの両側から畝２１の間に位置するように畝２１と平行に複数の分岐管１８ｂを接続した。この分岐管１８ｂの端部は温室１の側部に達する長さとする。立ち上がり送風管１９は前記分岐管１８ｂの端部にそれぞれ設けられるもので、上端の吹き出し口２５を温室１内の下部に開口する。
【０００９】
また、冬期における放熱防止用の断熱パネル２６を温室１の北側の屋根２と側壁に着脱自在に配設し、また、夜間の放熱防止用の断熱パネル２７、２８を温室１の側壁の高さ方向の中間位置よりも下方の部分や、温室１内の水平中間部などの適宜位置に着脱自在に配設した。断熱パネル２６〜２８は材質としては発泡ウレタン、発泡スチロールなどを使用する。図中２９は前記水平中間部に配設する断熱パネル２８の係止部材を示す。
【００１０】
次に作用について説明する。寒冷地などでビニール等による大気遮断だけでは温室１内の温度を所定値に確保できない場合は、温度補正の手段として、集熱パネル１２を温室１の屋根２の内側に設置すれば、太陽光が照射し、これが温められる。温室１内の空気は集熱パネル１２の吸気口１０から入り、太陽熱で温められた空気は排気口１１に至る。
【００１１】
このようにして集熱パネル１２内で加温されて排気口１１から排出された温かい空気は送風ファン２０の吸引力で吸い込み口１６から集熱管１５に吸い込まれ、該集熱管１５に接続されている立ち下がり送風管１７内をさらに流れて、地中に埋設されている土中管１８に流れ、本管１８ａから分岐管１８ｂへと流入する。排気口１１と吸い込み口１６とを離間させた場合は、排気口１１からの温風に温室１内の空気を混合して採り入れることができる。分岐管１８ｂ内に送られた温風の熱の一部は周囲に放熱し土を温め、さらに他の一部は立ち上がり送風管１９に流れる。
【００１２】
立ち上がり送風管１９に流れた温風は、上端の吹き出し口２５から温風を温室１内に吹き出す。この立ち上がり送風管１９は温室１の側壁にそってほぼ均等な間隔で複数本が配列されているから、温室１内の各部に均等に温風が吹き出される。また、前記集熱パネル１２を透過する太陽光は直射日光として温室１内の植物などを照射し、また、温室１内を加温する。これにより、温室１内の空気が所定温度以上に保持される。温室１内に吹き出された空気は集熱パネル１２の吸気口１０から再び吸い込まれてここで温められ、排気口１１から集熱管１５、立ち下がり送風管１７、土中管１８へと送られ、これを繰り返す。
【００１３】
夜間や日照のない日でも、土中への放熱により管周囲の土が温められ、土に熱が蓄熱されてこれが特に冬期において寒冷地での土の凍結を防止する。さらに、夜間や日照のない日には、断熱パネル２７で温室１の下方部分の側壁を覆うとともに、温室１内の空間の中間位置に断熱パネル２８を配設して温室１内を上下に二分し、植物の生育している下方の部分だけに閉鎖された狭い空間を形成し、吸い込み口３０から吸い込まれ、吹き出し口２５から吹き出される循環温風でこの狭い空間だけを効率よく保温する。
【００１４】
また、冬期には温室１内の北側の全体を断熱パネル２６で覆うことで、日照のない北側での断熱ができる。かかる断熱パネル２６〜２８の設置は、これを立てかけたり、置くだけでよい（例えば特許文献１参照。）。
【００１５】
【特許文献１】
特開平１１−６６５６号公報
【００１６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
例えば、室内に水耕栽培用の棚を設置している温室では、この水耕栽培用の砂や土を集中的に加温したいが、前記従来例では、立ち上がり送風管１９の配管が水耕栽培用の棚の配置を考慮するものではなく、温室１の側壁にそってほぼ均等な間隔で画一的に複数本配列しているため、水耕栽培用の砂や土を効率よく加温することが困難であった。
【００１７】
また、屋根が妻型で、集熱パネルが屋根の南側傾斜面に配設されるため、温室内にはこの集熱パネルによる日陰の部分が生じ、温室内の植物の生育に支障を来たすおそれがある。
【００１８】
さらに温室の北側の側壁を覆う断熱パネルは冬期にのみ立てかけたり、置くことにより設置するものであり、着脱に手間を要する。
【００１９】
本発明の目的は前記従来例の不都合を解消し、温室内に水耕栽培用の棚を設置している場合、この水耕栽培用の砂や土を集中的に効率よく加温することができ、また、温室内に配設する集熱パネルによって室内に日陰が生じることがなく、集熱パネルの存在が温室内の植物の生育に支障を来たすことがなく、さらに、温室の側壁を覆う断熱パネルの着脱に手間を要することがなく、冬期だけでなく夏期にも断熱パネルを有効活用できる温室を提供することにある。
【００２０】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は前記目的を達成するため、第１に、透明屋根の温室内に、太陽熱集熱パネルと、この集熱パネルからの空気を温室内の地中に送り込む立ち下がり管とそれに接続する埋設蓄熱管および、該埋設蓄熱管からの立ち上がり吹出し管とからなる循環蓄熱装置とを設け、温室内に水耕栽培ベッドを配設した温室において、前記立ち上がり吹出し管の吹き出し開口を水耕栽培ベッドの下方に配置したことを要旨とするものである。
【００２１】
第２に、透明屋根は、温室の北側から南側に向けて下方に傾斜する片流型とするとともに、温室の北側壁を垂直に形成し、太陽熱集熱パネルを前記北側壁から吊り下げることを要旨とするものである。
【００２２】
第３に、温室の南側壁からこれにそって立ち上がり温室内の中間高さ位置で該温室内を上下に区画する保温フィルムを水平に配設し、該保温フィルムで区画された上方のスペースを冬は余熱スペース、夏は排気スペースとして太陽熱集熱パネルをこの上方のスペースに配設することを要旨とするものである。
【００２３】
第４に、保温フィルムの外側で温室の南側壁の下部と、保温フィルムで区画された上方のスペースとにそれぞれ大気に連通する入気口と出気口を設け、下部の入気口から上部の出気口に向けて換気風路を形成することを要旨とするものである。
【００２４】
第５に、保温フィルムで区画された下方のスペースの北側壁を断熱壁で形成することを要旨とするものである。
【００２５】
第６に、太陽熱集熱パネルの配設角度は、太陽光の入射角度とほぼ直角となる角度を含むよう入射角度調節自在に取り付けることを要旨とするものである。
【００２６】
請求項１記載の本発明によれば、温室内に水耕栽培ベッドを配設した温室において、立ち上がり吹出し管の吹き出し口が水耕栽培ベッドの下方に開口するから、吹き出し口から吹き出す温風が水耕栽培ベッドの下方にそって流れる。よって、水耕栽培ベッドに載置してある栽培容器内の砂や土が集中的に効率よく加温される。
【００２７】
請求項２記載の本発明によれば、前記作用に加えて、屋根を、温室の北側から南側に向けて下方に傾斜する片流型として、温室の北側壁を垂直に形成し、太陽熱集熱パネルを前記北側壁から吊り下げることにより、集熱パネルを北側に寄せて配置できる。よって、集熱パネルによる影が温室内に生じることがなく、温室内の植物に日陰ができない。また、屋根を片流型とすることで、特に降雪地帯では温室の北側面の除雪の必要がなくなるだけでなく、北側壁の側を排雪の積み上げ場所に利用することも可能となる。
【００２８】
請求項３記載の本発明によれば、前記作用に加えて、保温フィルムで区画された温室内の上方のスペースを冬は余熱スペース、夏は排気スペースとすることができるから、年間を通じて効率よく上方のスペースを利用できる。そして、太陽熱集熱パネルをこの上方のスペースに配設することで、太陽熱集熱パネルに効率よく空気を供給できる。
【００２９】
請求項４記載の本発明によれば、前記作用に加えて、下部の入気口から上部の出気口に向けて換気風路を形成することにより、上方のスペースを夏期において排気スペースとした場合、真夏の無風状態のときでも、室内の上部の空気を自然に動かすことができる。これにより下部の入気口から上部の出気口に向けて自然の換気流を発生させることができて、室内温度の急激な上昇を阻止できる。
【００３０】
請求項５記載の本発明によれば、前記作用に加えて、保温フィルムで区画された下方のスペースの北側壁を断熱壁で形成することにより、冬期には保温性能が向上し、夏期には断熱壁が遮熱壁として機能し、室内が高温になり過ぎることを防止する。
【００３１】
請求項６記載の本発明によれば、前記作用に加えて、太陽熱集熱パネルの配設角度は、太陽光の入射角度とほぼ直角となる角度を含むよう入射角度調節自在に取り付けることにより、効率よく集熱できる。
【００３２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面について本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。図１は本発明の温室の実施形態を示す縦断正面図で、前記従来例を示す図４と同一の構成要素には同一の参照符号を付したものである。
【００３３】
本発明の温室１もいわゆるビニールハウスとして軽量鉄骨による骨組材１ａとビニール３とで構成するもので、壁部の壁部材および屋根２の屋根板もこのビニール３による。そして、内部には水耕栽培用のベッド５を複数適宜間隔で配設してある。図中６は、この水耕栽培用のベッド５の上に設置した栽培容器である。
【００３４】
本発明は、前記屋根２の形状を温室１の北側から南側に向けて下方に傾斜する片流型とするとともに、温室１の北側壁１ｂを垂直に形成し、太陽熱集熱パネル１２を前記北側壁１ｂの上部から取付角度調節自在に吊り下げる。図示の例では、例えば太陽光の入射角度が３０度の場合に、これと直交する角度となるように集熱面を上方に向けて斜めに設置した。
【００３５】
太陽熱集熱パネル１２は、例えば、木枠を矩形に組み、桟木を配設した格子体の上下面に上下に間隔を存して対向する２枚の透光板としてビニールフィルムを張設し、その間の空間に多数の集熱板を間隔を存して斜めにルーバー状に並列させた。そして、前記２枚の透光板の間の空間を空気の流通路として、一方の端部の開口を空気の吸気口１０に、他端の開口を排気口１１とし、温室１内に斜設した状態では、吸気口１０を下方に、排気口１１を上方に位置させる。
【００３６】
この太陽熱集熱パネル１２の排気口１１に、集熱管１５の吸い込み口１６を接続し、該吸い込み口１６に、温室１の北側壁１ｂにそって垂直に配管され下端が土中に突設する立ち下がり送風管１７を接続し、該立ち下がり送風管１７の下端開口に、温室１の下方の土中に埋設される蓄熱管７を接続する。
【００３７】
蓄熱管７の途中から、温室１内の下方部に開口する立ち上がり吹出し管８を複数本立ち上げる。この立ち上がり吹出し管８の配管位置は、水耕栽培用のベッド５の下方に形成されている空間９とし、ここに温風通気層を形成する。
【００３８】
温室１の内部には、南側壁１ｃからこれにそって、かつ南側壁１ｃとの間に隙間を存して立ち上がり、温室１内の中間高さ位置で該温室１内を上下に区画するように略Ｌ字形に骨組材１ａを配設し、この骨組材１ａに保温フィルム１３を張設する。該保温フィルム１３は、ビニール３を二重にし、その間に空気層を形成した３重構造とする。このようにして保温フィルム１３で上下二分に区画された上方のスペース１４ａを冬は余熱スペース、夏は排気スペースとする。太陽熱集熱パネル１２はこの上方のスペース１４ａに配設され、水耕栽培用のベッド５は下方のスペース１４ｂに配設されることになる。
【００３９】
上方のスペース１４ａに連成する南側壁１ｃに大気に連通する入気口３１を開口し、ここを被覆フィルム３２であるビニール３で巻き上げ自在に覆い、上方のスペース１４ａの北側壁１ｂにも大気に連通する出気口３３を開口し、該出気口３３を被覆フィルム３４で巻き上げ自在に覆う。これにより、入気口３１から出気口３３に向かう換気風路が上方のスペース１４ａ内に形成される。図中３５は換気口を示す。
【００４０】
下方のスペース１４ｂの北側壁１ｂは断熱壁３６で覆う。
【００４１】
かかる温室１は単体で設置してもよいが、図２、図３に示すように該温室１に隣接させて休憩室３８を設置してもよい。休憩室３８の構成も基本的には温室１と同様であるが、該休憩室３８を設置した場合は、集熱管１５の吸い込み口１６に接続され、温室１の北側壁１ｂにそって垂直に配管され下端が土中に突設する立ち下がり送風管１７の途中にハンドリングボックス３７を配設する。
【００４２】
次に作用について説明する。南側壁１ｃの入気口３１から取り込んだ空気は、保温フィルム１３にそって上方のスペース１４ａ内を上昇し、太陽熱集熱パネル１２の吸気口１０に吸い込まれて加温され、排気口１１から集熱管１５に吸い込まれ、該集熱管１５に接続されている立ち下がり送風管１７を流れ、地中に埋設されている蓄熱管７へと流入する。この蓄熱管７を流れる間に、温風の熱の一部は周囲に放熱し土を温める。
【００４３】
そして、蓄熱管７から立ち上がり吹出し管８に流れて温室１内に設置の水耕栽培用のベッド５の下方に形成されている空間９に吹き出す。このようにして水耕栽培用のベッド５の下方に吹き出した温風は、ここに温風通気層を形成して、水耕栽培用のベッド５の上に設置してある栽培容器６内の砂や土を集中的に効率よく温める。
【００４４】
かかる温風は前記のように太陽熱集熱パネル１２で加温されるが、この太陽熱集熱パネル１２は温室１内の北側壁１ｂの上部から吊り下げたから、該太陽熱集熱パネル１２の影が温室１内に生じることがなく、温室１内の植物に日陰ができない。よって、太陽熱集熱パネル１２の存在が植物の生育を妨げることがない。
【００４５】
また、太陽熱集熱パネル１２は取付角度を可変としたから、季節により変化する太陽光の入射角度に合わせて、入射角度と直交する方向に太陽熱集熱パネル１２の向きを設定すれば、年間を通じて効率よく集熱できる。
【００４６】
そして、この太陽熱集熱パネル１２が配設される上方のスペース１４ａは、冬は余熱スペース、夏は排気スペースとすることができるから、年間を通じて効率よく上方のスペース１４ａを利用できる。この場合、特に夏期においては、被覆フィルム３２と被覆フィルム３４を巻き上げることで、入気口３１と出気口３３とを大気に連通させて下部の入気口３１から上部の出気口３３に向けて自然の換気流を発生させて換気風路を形成することにより、真夏の無風状態のときでも、温室１内の上部の空気を自然に動かすことができる。これにより室内温度の急激な上昇を阻止できる。
【００４７】
また、屋根２を片流型とすることで、特に降雪地帯では温室１の北側面の除雪の必要がなくなるだけでなく、北側壁１ｂの側を排雪の積み上げ場所に利用することも可能となる。
【００４８】
さらに、下方のスペース１４ｂの北側壁１ｂを断熱壁３６で形成することにより、冬期には中間の保温フィルム１３と相まって保温性能が向上し、夏期には断熱壁３６が遮熱壁として機能し、室内が高温になり過ぎることを防止する。
【００４９】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように本発明の温室は、温室内に水耕栽培用の棚を設置している場合、棚の下方の空間を温風通気層とすることができるから、この水耕栽培用の砂や土を集中的に効率よく加温することができ、また、温室内に配設する集熱パネルを北側に寄せて配置したから、この集熱パネルによって室内に日陰が生じることがなく、集熱パネルの存在が温室内の植物の生育に支障を来すことがなく、さらに、温室の側壁を覆う断熱パネルの着脱に手間を要することがなく、冬期だけでなく夏期にも断熱パネルを遮熱壁として有効活用できるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の温室の実施形態を示す縦断側面図である。
【図２】本発明の温室に付設する休憩室の縦断側面図である。
【図３】本発明の温室の実施形態を示す横断平面図である。
【図４】従来の温室の縦断側面図である。
【符号の説明】
１…温室１ａ…骨組材
１ｂ…北側壁１ｃ…南側壁
２…屋根３…ビニール
４…集熱装置５…水耕栽培用のベッド
６…栽培容器７…蓄熱管
８…立ち上がり吹出し管９…空間
１０…吸気口１１…排気口
１２…集熱パネル１３…保温フィルム
１４ａ…上方のスペース１４ｂ…下方のスペース
１５…集熱管１６…吸い込み口
１７…立ち下がり送風管１８…土中管
１８ａ…本管１８ｂ…分岐管
１９…立ち上がり送風管２０…送風ファン
２１…畝２５…吹き出し口
２６〜２８…断熱パネル２９…係止部材
３０…吸い込み口３１…入気口
３２…被覆フィルム３３…出気口
３４…被覆フィルム３５…換気口
３６…断熱壁３７…ハンドリングボックス
３８…休憩室[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a greenhouse such as a greenhouse using solar heat collecting panels.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a conventional greenhouse, the room may be too hot and humid, causing diseases such as butt rot and adversely affecting the health of workers. In cold regions such as Hokkaido, the soil temperature rises only at the surface layer, so the temperature difference between day and night is large, and a large amount of auxiliary fuel and auxiliary equipment are required.
[0003]
In the first place, plants absorb water from the roots and evaporate from the leaves to not only obtain the essential components of the plant from the soil, but also suppress the rise in temperature due to the evaporation of heat from the leaves, thereby increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of chloroplasts. Maintain at a high level. If the temperature in the greenhouse becomes too high and transpiration becomes insufficient, not only will minerals not be taken up, but also the temperature of the leaves will increase and the photosynthetic efficiency will decrease, posing a danger to plant life activities. Results.
[0004]
The reason that conventional greenhouses required opening and closing windows, forced ventilation, and sometimes a dehumidifier is a result of the fact that the greenhouse body structure focused only on the temperature. This also indicates that the breeze that moves the water vapor on the leaf surface is important indoors.
[0005]
Therefore, the following greenhouses have been proposed by the inventor. This is because, as shown in FIG. 4, a greenhouse 1 made of a transparent film or a plate made of a frame material 1a and vinyl 3 is connected to a heating means provided by a solar heat collecting device 4 and a greenhouse connected to the heat collecting device 4. A heat storage circulating means is provided by a circulating pipe for supplying warm air into the inside of the greenhouse 1 and storing heat in the soil of the greenhouse 1. The heat collecting device 4 is arranged on the southern inclined surface of the roof 2, and is installed in the greenhouse 1 inside the roof 2 by arranging a plurality of solar heat collecting panels 12 in parallel. The size of the heat collecting panel 12 is arbitrarily determined according to the structure and scale of the greenhouse 1, and is installed so that it can be removed when unnecessary.
[0006]
The heat storage circulating means includes a heat collection tube 15 having an intake port 16 opened at the exhaust port 11 of the heat collection panel 12, and a falling air pipe 17 connected to the heat collection tube 15 and piped along a side wall in the greenhouse 1. And an underground pipe 18 which is a lower horizontal pipe connected to the falling air pipe 17 and buried in the soil, and a rising air pipe 19 from the soil connected to the soil pipe 18.
[0007]
The heat collecting pipe 15 is horizontally disposed inside the top of the roof 2 of the wife shape, and has a suction port 16 formed at a position corresponding to the exhaust port 11 of the heat collecting panel 12 in the longitudinal direction. The exhaust port 11 and the suction port 16 may be separated from each other as shown in the figure, but may be directly connected. Further, the falling blower tube 17 connects an opening at the upper end to the lower center of the heat collecting tube 15, and opens another suction port 30 below a middle height position of the falling blower tube 17. The electric blower fan 20 is attached below the suction port 30.
[0008]
The underground pipe 18 as a heat storage pipe is connected to one main pipe 18a at the center in a direction orthogonal to the ridge 21 in the greenhouse 1, and the ridge 21 is located between the ridges 21 from both sides of the main pipe 18a. A plurality of branch pipes 18b were connected in parallel. The end of the branch pipe 18b has a length reaching the side of the greenhouse 1. The rising blower pipes 19 are provided at the ends of the branch pipes 18b, respectively, and open the outlet 25 at the upper end to the lower part in the greenhouse 1.
[0009]
In addition, a heat insulating panel 26 for preventing heat radiation in winter is detachably disposed on the roof 2 and the side wall on the north side of the greenhouse 1, and heat insulating panels 27 and 28 for preventing heat radiation at night are provided at the height of the side wall of the greenhouse 1. It is detachably provided at an appropriate position such as a portion below the intermediate position in the direction or a horizontal intermediate portion in the greenhouse 1. Urethane foam, Styrofoam, or the like is used as a material for the heat insulating panels 26 to 28. In the drawing, reference numeral 29 denotes a locking member for the heat insulating panel 28 provided at the horizontal intermediate portion.
[0010]
Next, the operation will be described. If the temperature in the greenhouse 1 cannot be maintained at a predetermined value only by blocking the air with vinyl or the like in a cold region, if the heat collection panel 12 is installed inside the roof 2 of the greenhouse 1, Irradiates and is warmed. The air in the greenhouse 1 enters through the inlet 10 of the heat collecting panel 12, and the air heated by solar heat reaches the outlet 11.
[0011]
The warm air heated in the heat collecting panel 12 and discharged from the exhaust port 11 is sucked into the heat collecting pipe 15 from the suction port 16 by the suction force of the blower fan 20 and connected to the heat collecting pipe 15. It flows further through the falling air blow pipe 17, flows into the underground pipe 18 buried underground, and flows from the main pipe 18 a to the branch pipe 18 b. When the exhaust port 11 and the suction port 16 are separated from each other, the air in the greenhouse 1 can be mixed with the warm air from the exhaust port 11 and taken in. Part of the heat of the warm air sent into the branch pipe 18 b is radiated to the surroundings to warm the soil, and another part rises and flows to the blower pipe 19.
[0012]
The warm air flowing into the rising blower pipe 19 blows warm air into the greenhouse 1 from the outlet 25 at the upper end. Since a plurality of the rising ventilation pipes 19 are arranged at substantially equal intervals along the side wall of the greenhouse 1, warm air is blown out to each part in the greenhouse 1 uniformly. In addition, sunlight passing through the heat collecting panel 12 irradiates plants and the like in the greenhouse 1 as direct sunlight, and also heats the inside of the greenhouse 1. Thereby, the air in the greenhouse 1 is maintained at a predetermined temperature or higher. The air blown into the greenhouse 1 is sucked in again from the intake port 10 of the heat collecting panel 12 and is heated there, and is sent from the exhaust port 11 to the heat collecting pipe 15, the falling air pipe 17, and the soil pipe 18, Repeat this.
[0013]
Even at night or on a day without sunshine, the soil around the pipe is warmed by heat dissipation into the soil, and heat is stored in the soil, which prevents freezing of the soil in cold regions, especially in winter. Further, at night or on a day when there is no sunshine, the side wall of the lower part of the greenhouse 1 is covered with the heat insulating panel 27, and the heat insulating panel 28 is disposed at an intermediate position of the space inside the greenhouse 1 to divide the inside of the greenhouse 1 up and down. Then, a closed narrow space is formed only in the lower part where the plants are growing, and only this narrow space is efficiently kept warm by the circulating hot air sucked in from the suction port 30 and blown out from the outlet 25.
[0014]
In winter, by covering the entire north side of the greenhouse 1 with the heat insulating panel 26, heat insulation on the north side without sunshine can be achieved. The installation of the heat insulating panels 26 to 28 may be performed only by leaning or placing the heat insulating panels (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0015]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-11-6656
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
For example, in a greenhouse in which a shelf for hydroponic cultivation is installed in the room, it is desired to intensively heat the sand and soil for hydroponic cultivation. The arrangement of shelves for cultivation is not taken into account, and a plurality of shelves are arranged uniformly at substantially equal intervals along the side wall of the greenhouse 1, so that sand and soil for hydroponics can be efficiently heated. It was difficult to do.
[0017]
In addition, since the roof is a wife type and the heat collection panel is arranged on the southern slope of the roof, there is a shade in the greenhouse due to this heat collection panel, which may hinder the growth of plants in the greenhouse. There is.
[0018]
Furthermore, the heat insulation panel covering the northern side wall of the greenhouse is installed only by being leaned or placed only in winter, and it takes time to attach and detach.
[0019]
The object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the conventional example, and when a shelf for hydroponics is installed in a greenhouse, the sand and soil for hydroponics can be concentrated and efficiently heated. Also, the heat collecting panel disposed in the greenhouse does not cause shading in the room, the presence of the heat collecting panel does not hinder the growth of plants in the greenhouse, and further covers the side wall of the greenhouse An object of the present invention is to provide a greenhouse in which the installation and removal of the heat insulating panel does not require any trouble and the heat insulating panel can be effectively used not only in winter but also in summer.
[0020]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention firstly provides, in a greenhouse with a transparent roof, a solar heat collecting panel, a falling pipe for sending air from the heat collecting panel into the ground in the greenhouse, and a buried pipe connected thereto. A heat storage tube and a circulating heat storage device comprising a rising blow-off tube from the buried heat storage tube are provided, and in a greenhouse in which a hydroponic bed is disposed in the greenhouse, the blow-out opening of the rising blow-out tube is provided for the hydroponic bed. The gist is that it is arranged below.
[0021]
Secondly, the transparent roof is of a single-flow type that is inclined downward from the north side to the south side of the greenhouse, and the north side wall of the greenhouse is formed vertically, and the solar heat collecting panel is suspended from the north side wall. It is a summary.
[0022]
Third, a heat insulating film that rises along the south side wall of the greenhouse and vertically partitions the greenhouse at an intermediate height position in the greenhouse is disposed horizontally, and an upper space defined by the heat insulating film is formed. The gist of the present invention is to provide a solar heat collecting panel in a space above this as a surplus heat space in winter and an exhaust space in summer.
[0023]
Fourth, an inlet and an outlet communicating with the atmosphere are provided in the lower part of the south side wall of the greenhouse outside the thermal insulation film and in the upper space defined by the thermal insulation film, respectively. The purpose of the present invention is to form a ventilating air passage toward the air outlet.
[0024]
Fifth, the gist is to form the north side wall of the lower space partitioned by the heat insulating film with a heat insulating wall.
[0025]
Sixth, the point is that the arrangement angle of the solar heat collecting panel is attached so that the incident angle can be freely adjusted so as to include an angle substantially perpendicular to the incident angle of sunlight.
[0026]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, in a greenhouse in which a hydroponic bed is disposed in a greenhouse, the outlet of the rising outlet pipe is opened below the hydroponic bed, so that the hot air blown out from the outlet is discharged from the outlet. It flows along the bottom of the hydroponic bed. Therefore, sand and soil in the cultivation container placed on the hydroponic cultivation bed are intensively and efficiently heated.
[0027]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above operation, the roof is a single-flow type that is inclined downward from the north side to the south side of the greenhouse, and the north side wall of the greenhouse is formed vertically, so that solar heat collection is performed. By suspending the panel from the north side wall, the heat collecting panel can be arranged closer to the north side. Therefore, the shadow by the heat collecting panel does not occur in the greenhouse, and the plants in the greenhouse cannot be shaded. In addition, by making the roof a one-way type, it is not only unnecessary to remove the snow on the north side of the greenhouse, especially in a snowfall area, but also it is possible to use the side of the north side wall as a place for stacking snow.
[0028]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above-described functions, the upper space in the greenhouse partitioned by the heat insulating film can be used as a surplus heat space in winter and an exhaust space in summer, so that it is efficient throughout the year. The space above is available. By arranging the solar heat collecting panel in the space above this, air can be efficiently supplied to the solar heat collecting panel.
[0029]
According to the present invention as set forth in claim 4, in addition to the above-described functions, the ventilation space is formed from the lower air inlet to the upper air outlet, so that the upper space is an exhaust space in summer. In this case, even in the absence of wind in midsummer, the air above the room can be moved naturally. As a result, a natural ventilation flow can be generated from the lower air inlet to the upper air outlet, and a rapid rise in room temperature can be prevented.
[0030]
According to the present invention as set forth in claim 5, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, the heat insulation performance is improved in winter by forming the north side wall of the lower space defined by the heat insulation film with a heat insulating wall, and in summer, The heat insulating wall functions as a heat shielding wall to prevent the room from becoming too hot.
[0031]
According to the present invention as set forth in claim 6, in addition to the above operation, the arrangement angle of the solar heat collecting panel is attached so that the incident angle can be adjusted so as to include an angle substantially perpendicular to the incident angle of sunlight. Heat can be collected efficiently.
[0032]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional front view showing an embodiment of a greenhouse of the present invention, and the same components as those in FIG. 4 showing the conventional example are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0033]
The greenhouse 1 of the present invention is also a so-called greenhouse, which is composed of a frame member 1a made of lightweight steel and a vinyl 3, and the wall member of the wall and the roof plate of the roof 2 are also made of the vinyl 3. A plurality of beds 5 for hydroponic cultivation are arranged at appropriate intervals inside. In the figure, reference numeral 6 denotes a cultivation container installed on the hydroponic cultivation bed 5.
[0034]
In the present invention, the shape of the roof 2 is a single-flow type which is inclined downward from the north side to the south side of the greenhouse 1, the north side wall 1b of the greenhouse 1 is formed vertically, and the solar heat collecting panel 12 is moved to the north side. It is suspended from the upper part of the wall 1b so that the mounting angle can be adjusted. In the illustrated example, for example, when the incident angle of sunlight is 30 degrees, the heat collecting surface is installed obliquely upward so as to have an angle perpendicular to the incident angle.
[0035]
The solar heat collecting panel 12 is, for example, assembling a wooden frame into a rectangular shape, and stretching a vinyl film as two light-transmitting plates opposed to each other with a vertical interval on the upper and lower surfaces of a lattice body provided with piers, A large number of heat collecting plates were obliquely arranged side by side in a space between the louvers at intervals. A state in which the space between the two light-transmitting plates is an air passage, the opening at one end is an air intake port 10 and the opening at the other end is an exhaust port 11, and is inclined in the greenhouse 1. Then, the intake port 10 is located below and the exhaust port 11 is located above.
[0036]
The suction port 16 of the heat collection tube 15 is connected to the exhaust port 11 of the solar heat collection panel 12, and the suction port 16 is vertically piped along the north side wall 1 b of the greenhouse 1 and the lower end protrudes into the soil. The falling air pipe 17 is connected, and the heat storage pipe 7 buried in the soil below the greenhouse 1 is connected to the lower end opening of the falling air pipe 17.
[0037]
From the middle of the heat storage tube 7, a plurality of rising blow-off tubes 8 opening in the lower part in the greenhouse 1 are raised. The piping position of the rising outlet pipe 8 is a space 9 formed below the bed 5 for hydroponic cultivation, where a warm air ventilation layer is formed.
[0038]
The inside of the greenhouse 1 rises from the south side wall 1c along and along the south side wall 1c with a gap therebetween, so that the inside of the greenhouse 1 is vertically divided at an intermediate height position in the greenhouse 1. The frame 1a is disposed in a substantially L-shape, and a heat insulating film 13 is stretched over the frame 1a. The heat retaining film 13 has a triple structure in which the vinyl 3 is doubled and an air layer is formed therebetween. In this manner, the upper space 14a divided into upper and lower portions by the heat retaining film 13 is set as a residual heat space in winter and an exhaust space in summer. The solar heat collecting panel 12 is disposed in the upper space 14a, and the hydroponic cultivation bed 5 is disposed in the lower space 14b.
[0039]
An air inlet 31 communicating with the atmosphere is opened on the south side wall 1c connected to the upper space 14a, and the air inlet 31 is wound up with a vinyl film 3 as a covering film 32, and the north side wall 1b of the upper space 14a is also open to the air. Is opened, and the air outlet 33 is covered with a coating film 34 so as to be freely rolled up. As a result, a ventilation path from the air inlet 31 to the air outlet 33 is formed in the upper space 14a. In the figure, reference numeral 35 denotes a ventilation port.
[0040]
The north side wall 1b of the lower space 14b is covered with a heat insulating wall 36.
[0041]
The greenhouse 1 may be installed alone, but a rest room 38 may be installed adjacent to the greenhouse 1 as shown in FIGS. The configuration of the break room 38 is basically the same as that of the greenhouse 1, but when the break room 38 is installed, the break room 38 is connected to the suction port 16 of the heat collecting tube 15 and is vertically arranged along the north side wall 1b of the greenhouse 1. A handling box 37 is provided in the middle of the falling blower pipe 17 which is piped and whose lower end protrudes into the soil.
[0042]
Next, the operation will be described. The air taken in from the air inlet 31 of the south side wall 1c rises in the upper space 14a along the heat retaining film 13, is sucked into the air inlet 10 of the solar heat collecting panel 12, is heated, and is heated from the air outlet 11. The air is sucked into the heat collecting pipe 15, flows through the falling air blow pipe 17 connected to the heat collecting pipe 15, and flows into the heat storage pipe 7 buried underground. While flowing through the heat storage tube 7, part of the heat of the warm air is radiated to the surroundings to warm the soil.
[0043]
Then, it rises from the heat storage tube 7 and flows into the blow-off tube 8 and blows out to the space 9 formed below the hydroponic cultivation bed 5 installed in the greenhouse 1. The warm air blown out below the hydroponic cultivation bed 5 in this manner forms a hot blast layer here, and the cultivation container 6 installed on the hydroponic cultivation bed 5 Heat sand and soil intensively and efficiently.
[0044]
The warm air is heated by the solar heat collecting panel 12 as described above. However, since the solar heat collecting panel 12 is hung from the upper part of the north side wall 1b in the greenhouse 1, the shadow of the solar heat collecting panel 12 is removed. It does not occur in the greenhouse 1 and the plants in the greenhouse 1 cannot be shaded. Therefore, the existence of the solar heat collecting panel 12 does not hinder the growth of the plant.
[0045]
Further, since the mounting angle of the solar heat collecting panel 12 is variable, if the direction of the solar heat collecting panel 12 is set in a direction orthogonal to the incident angle in accordance with the incident angle of sunlight which changes with the season, throughout the year. Heat can be collected efficiently.
[0046]
The upper space 14a where the solar heat collecting panel 12 is provided can be a surplus heat space in winter and an exhaust space in summer, so that the upper space 14a can be efficiently used throughout the year. In this case, particularly in the summer, by winding up the covering film 32 and the covering film 34, the inlet 31 and the outlet 33 are communicated with the atmosphere, and the lower inlet 31 and the upper outlet 33 are connected to the atmosphere. By generating a natural ventilation flow toward the airflow path, the air in the upper part of the greenhouse 1 can be moved naturally even in a calm summer. This can prevent a sudden rise in the room temperature.
[0047]
In addition, by making the roof 2 a one-way type, it is not only unnecessary to remove the snow on the north side of the greenhouse 1 particularly in a snowfall area, but also it is possible to use the side of the north side wall 1b as a place for stacking snow. Become.
[0048]
Further, by forming the north side wall 1b of the lower space 14b with the heat insulation wall 36, the heat insulation performance is improved in combination with the intermediate heat insulation film 13 in winter, and the heat insulation wall 36 functions as a heat shield wall in summer. Prevent the room from getting too hot.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the greenhouse of the present invention, when a shelf for hydroponic cultivation is installed in the greenhouse, the space below the shelf can be a hot air ventilation layer. It is possible to heat sand and soil intensively and efficiently, and because the heat collection panel installed in the greenhouse is arranged close to the north side, this heat collection panel does not create shade in the room, The presence of heat collection panels does not hinder the growth of plants in the greenhouse, and there is no need to install and remove insulation panels that cover the side walls of the greenhouse. It can be effectively used as a heat shield wall.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing an embodiment of a greenhouse of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal side view of a rest room attached to a greenhouse of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional plan view showing an embodiment of the greenhouse of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional side view of a conventional greenhouse.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Greenhouse 1a ... Framed material 1b ... North side wall 1c ... South side wall 2 ... Roof 3 ... Vinyl 4 ... Heat collecting device 5 ... Bed for hydroponic cultivation 6 ... Cultivation container 7 ... Heat storage tube 8 ... Standing blow-off tube 9 ... Space DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Intake port 11 ... Exhaust port 12 ... Heat collecting panel 13 ... Heat insulation film 14a ... Upper space 14b ... Lower space 15 ... Heat collecting tube 16 ... Suction port 17 ... Falling blower tube 18 ... Soil tube 18a ... Main tube 18b ... branch pipe 19 ... riser blower pipe 20 ... blower fan 21 ... ridge 25 ... outlets 26-28 ... heat insulating panel 29 ... locking member 30 ... suction port 31 ... intake port 32 ... coating film 33 ... outlet port 34 ... Coating film 35 ... Ventilation port 36 ... Insulated wall 37 ... Handling box 38 ... Reception room

Claims

In a greenhouse with a transparent roof, a solar heat collecting panel, a falling pipe for sending air from the heat collecting panel into the ground of the greenhouse, a buried heat storage pipe connected thereto, and a rising pipe from the buried heat storage pipe And a circulating heat storage device comprising: a greenhouse in which a hydroponic bed is disposed in the greenhouse, wherein a blowout opening of the rising outlet pipe is disposed below the hydroponic cultivation bed.

The greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the transparent roof is a single-flow type that is inclined downward from the north side to the south side of the greenhouse, the north wall of the greenhouse is formed vertically, and a solar heat collecting panel is hung from the north wall. .

A heat insulating film which rises along the south side wall of the greenhouse and vertically divides the greenhouse at an intermediate height position in the greenhouse is horizontally disposed, and the upper space defined by the heat insulating film is a remaining heat space in winter. The greenhouse according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a solar heat collecting panel is disposed in a space above the solar heat collecting panel as an exhaust space in summer.

Outside the thermal insulation film, the lower part of the south side wall of the greenhouse and the upper space defined by the thermal insulation film are provided with an air inlet and an air outlet communicating with the atmosphere, respectively, from the lower air inlet to the upper air outlet The greenhouse according to claim 3, wherein a ventilation wind path is formed toward the greenhouse.

The greenhouse according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a north side wall of a lower space defined by the heat retaining film is formed by a heat insulating wall.

The greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the arrangement angle of the solar heat collecting panel is attached so that the incident angle can be freely adjusted so as to include an angle substantially perpendicular to the incident angle of sunlight.