JP2004250319A - THIN FILM CONTAINING beta-FeSi2 CRYSTAL PARTICLE, AND LUMINESCENT MATERIAL USING THE SAME - Google Patents

THIN FILM CONTAINING beta-FeSi2 CRYSTAL PARTICLE, AND LUMINESCENT MATERIAL USING THE SAME Download PDF

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JP2004250319A
JP2004250319A JP2003270723A JP2003270723A JP2004250319A JP 2004250319 A JP2004250319 A JP 2004250319A JP 2003270723 A JP2003270723 A JP 2003270723A JP 2003270723 A JP2003270723 A JP 2003270723A JP 2004250319 A JP2004250319 A JP 2004250319A
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JP4129528B2 (en
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Aiko Narasaki
愛子 奈良崎
Hiroyuki Niino
弘之 新納
Yoshizo Kawaguchi
喜三 川口
Masayasu Sato
正健 佐藤
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of efficiently manufacturing a novel thin film having a sea-island structure in which a β-FeSi<SB>2</SB>crystal particle is made into an island and a phase containing amorphous FeSi<SB>2</SB>is made into a sea by increasing the produced quantity of droplets produced by a laser ablation method without suppressing or eliminating like as the conventional method and converting the droplet to excellently crystalline β-FeSi<SB>2</SB>, and a luminescent material composed of a thin film obtained by heat-treating the novel thin film. <P>SOLUTION: The thin film is composed of the sea-island structure in which the β-FeSi<SB>2</SB>crystal particle is made into the island and the phase containing amorphous FeSi<SB>2</SB>is made into the sea and contains the β-FeSi<SB>2</SB>crystal particle. The luminescent material consists of the thin film obtained by heat-treating the thin film. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、 FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相を海としβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を島とする海島構造を有する新規な薄膜とその製造方法ならびに該薄膜を加熱処理することにより得られる薄膜からなる1.5μm光通信帯等において近赤外発光を示す発光材料に関する。 The present invention provides a novel thin film having a sea-island structure in which a phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous is sea and β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are islands, a method for producing the same, and a thin film obtained by heat-treating the thin film. The present invention relates to a light-emitting material that emits near-infrared light in a 5 μm optical communication band or the like.

β−FeSi2は、バンドギャップ0.8−0.85 eVの半導体であり、1.5μm光通信帯で近赤外発光を示す特性を有し、クラーク数2位と4位のSiとFeから構成される人畜無害な環境低負荷型の近赤外発光・受光材料として注目を集めている。更に、従来の太陽電池用半導体材料に比べて極めて高い光吸収係数を示すことから、新規な高効率太陽電池材料としても期待されている。しかし、FeSi2には950℃以上で安定な高温安定相であるα相が存在するため、通常の液相からの結晶引き上げ法によるβ−FeSi2バルク単結晶作製や、1000℃以上の高温での熱処理を要するβ−FeSi2焼結体作製は極めて困難であることが知られている。 β-FeSi 2 is a semiconductor having a band gap of 0.8 to 0.85 eV, has a characteristic of emitting near-infrared light in a 1.5 μm optical communication band, and has a Clark number of 2nd and 4th. It is attracting attention as a low-environmental near-infrared light emitting / receiving material that is harmless to humans and animals. Further, since it exhibits an extremely high light absorption coefficient as compared with conventional semiconductor materials for solar cells, it is also expected to be a novel high-efficiency solar cell material. However, since FeSi 2 has an α phase, which is a high-temperature stable phase stable at 950 ° C. or higher, a β-FeSi 2 bulk single crystal is prepared by a crystal pulling method from a normal liquid phase, or at a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher. It is known that it is extremely difficult to produce a β-FeSi 2 sintered body that requires heat treatment.

このようなバルク結晶作製の問題点を解決するものとして、例えば特許文献1等には、溶融したGaまたはZnを溶媒とし、FeSi2を原料として溶媒表面に接触させるとともに、結晶析出部材を溶媒表面に接触させて原料部より低温となるように加熱することにより結晶析出させる方法及びβ−FeSi2単結晶及び多結晶を得る方法が記載されている。また、特許文献2等では、α−FeSi2原料と輸送剤としてSbを真空管に封入し、原料部を900℃に、成長部をより低温の850℃に保持して100時間程度熱処理を施すことにより、β−FeSi2単結晶を析出させる手法を記載している。しかし、これらの手法によるβ−FeSi2バルク結晶の商業ベースでの大量合成は未だ成されておらず、これらのバルク結晶を大量に且つ安価に入手することは困難である。 As a solution to such a problem of bulk crystal production, for example, in Patent Document 1 and the like, molten Ga or Zn is used as a solvent, FeSi 2 is used as a raw material, and a crystal deposition member is brought into contact with the solvent surface. And a method of obtaining a β-FeSi 2 single crystal and a polycrystal by heating the material to a temperature lower than that of the raw material part and thereby obtaining a β-FeSi 2 single crystal and a polycrystal. Further, in Patent Document 2, etc., an α-FeSi 2 raw material and Sb as a transport agent are sealed in a vacuum tube, and a heat treatment is performed for about 100 hours while maintaining the raw material part at 900 ° C. and the growth part at a lower temperature of 850 ° C. Describes a technique for precipitating a β-FeSi 2 single crystal. However, mass synthesis of β-FeSi 2 bulk crystals on a commercial basis by these techniques has not yet been achieved, and it is difficult to obtain these bulk crystals in large quantities at low cost.

一方、β−FeSi2薄膜作製手法としては、(イ)Si基板中にFe+イオンを高濃度に注入した後800〜940℃でアニールを行うイオン注入法(例えば非特許文献1参照)、(ロ)Si基板をSiとFeが反応する程度まで高温に加熱した状態でFeを堆積させる熱反応堆積法(例えば非特許文献2参照)、(ハ)FeとSiを高温にあるいは室温保持した基板上に同時蒸着させ高温アニールする分子線エピタキシー法(例えば非特許文献3参照)等の方法が知られている。
β−FeSi2は単位結晶格子中に16個のFe原子と32個のSi原子を含む複雑な結晶構造を形成するために、これらの手法によるβ−FeSi2薄膜作製は、成膜時の高い基板温度(〜400℃以上)と成膜後の高いアニール温度(〜800℃以上)を通常必要とし、耐熱性のある基板の種類に限定される点が問題となる。また、アニールを含む多段階の高温プロセスであるため、α−FeSi2、γ−FeSi2等の他の鉄シリサイド相が同時に析出し、β−FeSi2単相の試料を合成することは困難であり、β−FeSi2の半導体特性の再現性の低下をまねくといった共通の難点があった。
On the other hand, as a technique for preparing a β-FeSi 2 thin film, (a) an ion implantation method in which Fe + ions are implanted into a Si substrate at a high concentration and then annealing is performed at 800 to 940 ° C. (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1); B) a thermal reaction deposition method of depositing Fe in a state where the Si substrate is heated to a high temperature until Si and Fe react (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2), and (c) a substrate in which Fe and Si are kept at a high temperature or at room temperature. A method such as a molecular beam epitaxy method (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3) in which simultaneous high-temperature annealing and high-temperature annealing are performed is known.
Since β-FeSi 2 forms a complex crystal structure including 16 Fe atoms and 32 Si atoms in a unit crystal lattice, β-FeSi 2 thin film production by these methods requires high A substrate temperature (up to 400 ° C. or higher) and a high annealing temperature after film formation (up to 800 ° C. or higher) are usually required, and there is a problem in that the substrate is limited to a heat-resistant substrate type. In addition, since it is a multi-step high temperature process including annealing, other iron silicide phases such as α-FeSi 2 and γ-FeSi 2 are simultaneously precipitated, and it is difficult to synthesize a β-FeSi 2 single phase sample. There was a common problem that the reproducibility of the semiconductor characteristics of β-FeSi 2 was reduced.

これらの問題点を解決するために、FeSi2をターゲット材料とし、基板温度を500℃以下、実質的には100〜400℃とし、紫外線領域の波長のレーザーを用いてパルスレーザアブレーションにより基板上に堆積したままで、β相のFeSi2薄膜を製造する方法が提案されている(特許文献3) In order to solve these problems, FeSi 2 is used as a target material, the substrate temperature is set to 500 ° C. or less, substantially 100 to 400 ° C., and a laser having a wavelength in the ultraviolet region is used to perform pulse laser ablation on the substrate. A method for producing a β-phase FeSi 2 thin film as deposited has been proposed (Patent Document 3).

しかし、この方法は実質的にβ−FeSi2の平滑な単相薄膜を得ることを目的としているものであり、アモルファス相にβ−FeSi2の結晶粒子が島状に形成された薄膜の製造を意図としたものではない。因みに当該方法では、レーザー光として長波長ではなく短波長の紫外線領域の波長を用い、ドロップレットの形成を積極的に抑制し、その膜表面への付着を防止する手段を敢えて講じると共に、基板温度を実質的に100〜400℃に設定して初めて上記β−FeSi2の単相薄膜が得られるとしている。
このように、これまでのレーザーアブレーション法による、β−FeSi2等の結晶薄膜の製造法においては、ターゲット材料の表面の溶融に起因して発生するドロップレットは膜の性能を阻害する好ましくない夾雑物質と認識されており、ドロップレットの生成や堆積を如何にして抑制・排除するかについての観点からの研究のみが専ら進められているのが現状であり、ドロップレットの生成を積極的に図り更にはこのドロップレットをβ−FeSi2の結晶粒子に成長・変換させ、これを島状として存在させた海島構造を有する薄膜作製に関する実験や研究の報告は皆無といっても過言ではない。また、従来のドロップレット除去に重点をおいたレーザーアブレーション法により作製したβ−FeSi2薄膜においては、高い基板温度で成膜ならびにその後長時間のアニ−ル処理を行った場合でさえも、1.5μm帯での近赤外発光を観測できたという報告は皆無といってよい。これは、前述のとおり複雑な結晶構造を有するβ−FeSi2結晶構造中には、発光を妨げる原因となる構造欠陥が生じやすく、構造欠陥密度の低い即ち高い結晶性を有するFeSi2結晶を作製しその結果近赤外発光を発現させることが、困難なためと考えられる。
However, this method is aimed at obtaining a substantially smooth single-phase thin film of β-FeSi 2 , and is intended to produce a thin film in which β-FeSi 2 crystal grains are formed in an amorphous phase in an island shape. Not intended. By the way, in this method, a laser beam having a wavelength in the ultraviolet region of a short wavelength rather than a long wavelength is used, and the formation of droplets is positively suppressed, and measures are taken to prevent adhesion to the film surface. is set to the first single-phase thin film of the beta-FeSi 2 is obtained by setting substantially 100 to 400 ° C. the.
As described above, in the conventional method for producing a crystalline thin film such as β-FeSi 2 by the laser ablation method, droplets generated due to melting of the surface of the target material are undesired contaminations that hinder the performance of the film. It is recognized as a substance, and only research from the viewpoint of how to suppress or eliminate the generation and deposition of droplets is currently being conducted exclusively. Furthermore, it is no exaggeration to say that there has been no report on experiments or studies on the production of thin films having a sea-island structure in which the droplets are grown and converted into β-FeSi 2 crystal particles and exist as islands. Also, in the case of a β-FeSi 2 thin film produced by a conventional laser ablation method which focuses on the removal of droplets, even when a film is formed at a high substrate temperature and then subjected to an annealing treatment for a long time, it still has a problem. It can be said that there is no report that near-infrared light emission was observed in the 0.5 μm band. This is because, as described above, in the β-FeSi 2 crystal structure having a complicated crystal structure, a structural defect that causes light emission is likely to occur, and a FeSi 2 crystal having a low structural defect density, that is, having high crystallinity is produced. As a result, it is considered that it is difficult to produce near-infrared light emission.

特開2002−3300号公報JP 2002-3300 A 特開2002−173400号公報JP-A-2002-173400 特開2000−178713号公報JP 2000-178713 A Y. MaedaらThin Solid Films (2001) Vol. 381 pp. 219Y. Maeda et al. Thin Solid Films (2001) Vol. 381 pp. 219 T. SuemasuらJpn. J. Appl. Phys. (1997) Vol. 36 pp. L1225T. Suemasu et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (1997) Vol. 36 pp. L1225 N. HiroiらJpn. J. Appl. Phys. (2001) Vol. 40 pp. L1008N. Hiroi et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (2001) Vol. 40 pp. L1008

本発明は、レーザーアブレーション法により生じる液滴(ドロップレット)を従来法の如く抑制・排除することなくその生成量を増大させ、そのドロップレットを結晶性に優れたβ−FeSi2結晶粒子に変換し、これを島とし、FeSi2アモルファスを含む相を海とする海島構造を有する新規な薄膜およびその効率的な製造方法を提供することを目的とする。さらに、該薄膜を加熱処理することにより得られる薄膜からなる、近赤外波長域で発光を示す発光材料を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention increases the amount of droplets generated by the laser ablation method without suppressing or eliminating the droplets as in the conventional method, and converts the droplets into β-FeSi 2 crystal particles having excellent crystallinity. An object of the present invention is to provide a novel thin film having a sea-island structure in which the island is an island, and a phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous is the sea, and an efficient production method thereof. Further, it is another object of the present invention to provide a light-emitting material which emits light in a near-infrared wavelength region, comprising a thin film obtained by heat-treating the thin film.

本発明者らは、商用製品として容易に入手可能なα−FeSi2合金を用いて、そのレーザーアブレーションにより生成するドロップレットを積極的に利用すると、このものが結晶性の優れたβ−FeSi2に成長し、アモルファス相を含む相に島状にβ−FeSi2の結晶粒子が堆積した、β−FeSi2からの近赤外発光を結晶粒子へ閉じ込めて増幅する微小球レーザー類似の機能を有する薄膜型発光デバイスとして応用可能な新規な薄膜が得られることを見出し、また、該薄膜を加熱処理することにより、島状に析出したβ−FeSi2結晶粒子の結晶性をより高品位化した薄膜が得られ、しかも、この薄膜は、特に、波長1.5μmを中心とする近赤外発光を示すことを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明によれば、以下の発明が提供される。
(1) FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相を海としβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を島とする海島構造からなるβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を含む薄膜。
(2) FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相とβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を含む薄膜であって、該FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相の上にβ−FeSi2結晶粒子が島状に堆積されていることを特徴とする上記(1)に記載の薄膜。
(3) β−FeSi2結晶粒子の平均直径が0.1〜100μmであることを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)に記載の薄膜。
(4) β−FeSi2結晶粒子の形状が半球状又はドーナツ状であることを特徴とする上記(1)乃至(3)に記載の薄膜。
(5) β−FeSi2結晶粒子が薄膜表面1平方ミリあたり10〜10個の密度で島状に存在していることを特徴とする上記(1)乃至(4)何れかに記載の薄膜。
(6) FeSi2合金にレーザー光を照射し、アブレーションさせたガス状物質とドロップレットを、基板上に堆積させることを特徴とする上記(1)乃至(5)何れかに記載の薄膜の製造方法。
(7) 基板温度を100℃未満に保持することを特徴とする上記(6)に記載の薄膜の製造方法。
(8) レーザーアブレーション雰囲気を不活性ガス雰囲気下又は1x10−5 Pa以下の高真空とすることを特徴とする上記(6)又は(7)に記載の薄膜の製造方法。
(9)照射レーザーフルエンスを2J/cm2以上とすることを特徴とする上記(6)乃至(8)何れかに記載の薄膜の製造方法。
(10)前記レーザーとして、α−FeSi2合金が光吸収を示す波長で発振するレーザーを用いることを特徴とする上記(6)乃至(9)何れかに記載の薄膜の製造方法。
(11)請求項1乃至5何れかに記載の薄膜を加熱処理することにより得られる薄膜。
(12)加熱処理温度を800℃以下に保持することを特徴とする上記(11)に記載の薄膜。
(13)加熱処理雰囲気を不活性ガス雰囲気下又は5x10−4 Pa以下の高真空とすることを特徴とする上記(11)又は(12)に記載の薄膜。
(14)上記(11)乃至(13)何れかに記載の薄膜からなる発光材料。
The present inventors, using readily available alpha-FeSi 2 alloy as commercial products, the when the droplets produced by laser ablation actively utilized, excellent beta-FeSi 2 this product is crystalline Has a function similar to a microsphere laser that confines near-infrared light emission from β-FeSi 2 to crystal particles and amplifies it by depositing β-FeSi 2 crystal particles in islands in a phase containing an amorphous phase A new thin film that can be applied as a thin-film type light-emitting device has been found to be obtained, and a thin film obtained by heating the thin film to improve the crystallinity of β-FeSi 2 crystal particles precipitated in an island shape. Was found, and this thin film was found to exhibit near-infrared light emission with a wavelength of 1.5 μm as a center, thereby completing the present invention.
That is, according to the present invention, the following inventions are provided.
(1) A thin film containing β-FeSi 2 crystal particles having a sea-island structure in which a phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous is the sea and β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are islands.
(2) A thin film containing a phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous and β-FeSi 2 crystal particles, wherein β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are deposited in an island shape on the phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous. The thin film according to the above (1).
(3) The thin film according to (1) or (2), wherein the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles have an average diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm.
(4) The thin film according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles have a hemispherical or donut shape.
(5) The method according to any of (1) to (4) above, wherein the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are present in an island shape at a density of 10 2 to 10 7 per 1 mm 2 of the thin film surface. Thin film.
(6) The method of manufacturing a thin film according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the FeSi 2 alloy is irradiated with a laser beam, and the ablated gaseous substance and droplets are deposited on a substrate. Method.
(7) The method for producing a thin film according to the above (6), wherein the substrate temperature is kept below 100 ° C.
(8) The method for producing a thin film according to the above (6) or (7), wherein the laser ablation atmosphere is an inert gas atmosphere or a high vacuum of 1 × 10 −5 Pa or less.
(9) The method for producing a thin film according to any one of (6) to (8), wherein the irradiation laser fluence is 2 J / cm 2 or more.
(10) The method for producing a thin film according to any one of (6) to (9), wherein a laser that oscillates at a wavelength at which the α-FeSi 2 alloy absorbs light is used as the laser.
(11) A thin film obtained by subjecting the thin film according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to a heat treatment.
(12) The thin film according to (11), wherein the heat treatment temperature is maintained at 800 ° C. or lower.
(13) The thin film as described in (11) or (12) above, wherein the heat treatment atmosphere is performed under an inert gas atmosphere or a high vacuum of 5 × 10 −4 Pa or less.
(14) A luminescent material comprising the thin film according to any one of (11) to (13).

本発明の対象とする薄膜は、その光特性、電気特性等がそれぞれ異なる、アモルファスを含む相とβ−FeSi2結晶粒子から構成され、しかも従来のβ−FeSi2の単相薄膜とは異なる、β−FeSi2結晶粒子がアモルファスを含む相に島状に堆積されている構造を有することから、β−FeSi2の結晶粒子とFeSi2のアモルファスを含む相との特性を生かすことより、太陽電池、熱電素子などのデバイス製造の他、β−FeSi2からの近赤外発光を結晶粒子へ閉じ込めることにより増幅する微小球レーザー類似の機能を有する新規薄膜型発光デバイスなどとしての応用が可能なものである。
また、本発明の製造方法によれば、従来のような多段階高温プロセスを必要とせずに、マイクロメートルオーダーのβ−FeSi2微細結晶粒子を島とし、FeSi2アモルファスを含む相を海とする海島構造を有する薄膜を室温合成することが可能となる。従って、高温多段階プロセスに伴うα−FeSi2、γ−FeSi2等の他の結晶相の同時析出といった、構造ならびに機能の低下をまねくことがない。更に、安価な原料を用い且つ室温合成が可能なため、耐熱温度の低い高分子材料基板を含む様々な基板上に島状のβ−FeSi2を容易に集積化することが可能となり、β−FeSi2の特性を活かした新規な近赤外発光・受光素子、太陽電池、熱電素子などのデバイス製造に様々な応用が可能となる。
さらに、本発明により得られるマイクロメートルオーダーのβ−FeSi2微細結晶粒子を島とし、FeSi2アモルファスを含む相を海とする海島構造を有する薄膜を加熱処理することにより得られる薄膜は、従来のレーザーアブレーション法では作製例の報告が皆無といってよい、1.5μm帯を中心とする近赤外発光材料を実現でき、この発光特性を利用した近赤外発光素子デバイス等の幅広い応用が可能となる。
The thin film targeted by the present invention has different optical properties, electrical properties, etc., each comprising an amorphous phase and β-FeSi 2 crystal particles, and is different from a conventional β-FeSi 2 single-phase thin film. Since the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles have a structure in which the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are deposited in the form of islands in the phase including the amorphous phase, the solar cell can be obtained by utilizing the characteristics of the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles and the phase including the FeSi 2 amorphous phase. In addition to the manufacture of devices such as thermoelectric elements, it can be applied as a new thin-film light-emitting device with a function similar to a microsphere laser that amplifies by confining near-infrared light emission from β-FeSi 2 into crystal particles It is.
Further, according to the production method of the present invention, the β-FeSi 2 fine crystal particles of micrometer order are made into islands and the phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous is made into sea without the need for the conventional multi-stage high-temperature process. A thin film having a sea-island structure can be synthesized at room temperature. Therefore, the structure and function are not deteriorated, such as simultaneous precipitation of other crystal phases such as α-FeSi 2 and γ-FeSi 2 accompanying the high-temperature multi-step process. Furthermore, since inexpensive raw materials can be used and synthesis at room temperature is possible, island-like β-FeSi 2 can be easily integrated on various substrates including a polymer material substrate having a low heat-resistant temperature, and β-FeSi 2 can be easily integrated. novel near-infrared light emitting and receiving element utilizing the characteristics of the FeSi 2, thereby enabling various applications to device fabrication such as solar cells, thermoelectric device.
Further, the thin film obtained by heat-treating a thin film having a sea-island structure in which the micrometer-order β-FeSi 2 fine crystal particles obtained by the present invention are islands and the phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous is sea is a conventional thin film. The laser ablation method can produce a near-infrared light-emitting material centered on the 1.5 μm band, which is said to have no reports on fabrication examples, and can be used in a wide range of applications such as near-infrared light-emitting device using this light-emitting property. It becomes.

以下本発明について詳細に説明する。
先に述べたように、一般に、物質のレーザーアブレーションにより生じる活性種を基板上に堆積させるパルスレーザー堆積法での成膜では、平坦な薄膜を作製するために、ある種のレーザー照射条件下でのアブレーション時に生成されるμmオーダーの直径を有するドロップレットをいかに効率よく除去できるかに研究の主眼が置かれ、かかる観点からの実験研究しかなされていなかった。
実際に、前述の特許文献3でも、パルスレーザー堆積法を利用してβ−FeSi2の単相薄膜を作製するためには、照射するレーザー波長を紫外線領域のものとし、レーザーフルエンスを低く抑える等のレーザー照射条件を採用しないと、ドロップレットの発生密度の低減化が図れず、且つ基板温度を100〜400℃の範囲に保持した場合にしか平坦なβ−FeSi2の単相薄膜ができないとされ、また100℃以下に保持した基板上ではβ−FeSi2とアモルファスの混相が形成されるだけであると指摘している。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
As described above, in general, in film formation by a pulsed laser deposition method in which active species generated by laser ablation of a substance are deposited on a substrate, a flat thin film is produced under a certain laser irradiation condition. The main focus of research has been on how to efficiently remove droplets having a diameter on the order of μm generated during the ablation of, and only experimental research has been performed from such a viewpoint.
In fact, even in Patent Document 3 described above, in order to produce a single-phase thin film of β-FeSi 2 using a pulsed laser deposition method, the laser wavelength to be irradiated is in the ultraviolet region, and the laser fluence is suppressed to a low level. If the laser irradiation conditions are not adopted, the density of droplets cannot be reduced, and a flat single-phase thin film of β-FeSi 2 cannot be formed only when the substrate temperature is kept in the range of 100 to 400 ° C. It is pointed out that only a mixed phase of β-FeSi 2 and amorphous is formed on a substrate kept at 100 ° C. or lower.

しかし、本発明者等のこの点に関する弛まぬ研究によれば、レーザーアブレーションによりガス状態で個別に飛散する原子・分子を基板上に堆積させ、アモルファス状態ではなく秩序立った結晶構造を形成させるためには、基板上で原子・分子が結晶化のための再配列するための移動度を必要とするが、原子間の化学結合を保持した液滴(ドロップレット)で飛散する物質を基板上に堆積させた場合には、意外にも、その結晶化のためのエネルギーはより低エネルギーでよく、より低い基板温度で結晶性の良いβ−FeSi2が、先に生成したFeSi2アモルファスを含む相に島状に点在する海島構造を有する文献未載の新規な薄膜が形成することが知見された。 However, according to the present inventors' persistent research on this point, it is necessary to deposit atoms / molecules which are individually scattered in a gas state on a substrate by laser ablation to form an ordered crystal structure instead of an amorphous state. Requires a mobility for atoms and molecules to rearrange for crystallization on the substrate, but a substance that is scattered by droplets (droplets) holding chemical bonds between atoms is placed on the substrate. When deposited, surprisingly, the energy for crystallization may be lower, and β-FeSi 2 with good crystallinity at lower substrate temperature is converted to a phase containing the previously formed FeSi 2 amorphous. It was found that a novel thin film having a sea-island structure scattered like islands and not described in the literature was formed.

すなわち、本発明の対象とする薄膜は、従来のパルスレーザー堆積法による薄膜とは著しく異なり、ドロップレットを積極的に生成・活用し、かつ従来法に比しより低温に保持した基板を利用することにより好ましく得られ、FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相を海としβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を島とする海島構造からなることを特徴としている。 In other words, the thin film targeted by the present invention is significantly different from the thin film formed by the conventional pulse laser deposition method, and actively generates and utilizes droplets, and uses a substrate which is kept at a lower temperature than the conventional method. And a sea-island structure having a phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous as sea and β-FeSi 2 crystal grains as islands.

β−FeSi2結晶粒子は、島を形成し海の部分となるアモルファスを含む相に点在されるが、その結晶粒子の平均直径は、アブレーションに用いるレーザー波長及びフルエンスによって異なるが、通常0.1〜100μm、好ましくは1〜10μmである。また、その形状は一般に半球状もしくは半球中心部が凹に陥没したドーナツ状である。 The β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are scattered in an amorphous phase that forms islands and forms a sea portion. The average diameter of the crystal particles varies depending on the laser wavelength and fluence used for ablation. It is 1 to 100 μm, preferably 1 to 10 μm. The shape is generally a hemisphere or a donut shape in which the center of the hemisphere is depressed.

本発明の薄膜は、このβ−FeSi2結晶粒子が海であるFeSi2アモルファスを含む相に島状に点在していることが重要である。「島状」とは、いわゆるマトリックス構造でいう、「海島構造」の「島」に対応するものであり、「海」であるFeSi2アモルファスを含む相にβ−FeSi2結晶粒子からなる「島」が点在している状態を意味する。またこの「島」は「海」であるFeSi2アモルファスを含む相に点在していればよいが、好ましくは該アモルファスを含む相の上に堆積されていることが好ましい。換言すれば、本発明の好ましい薄膜は、FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相とβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を含む薄膜であって、該FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相の上にβ−FeSi2結晶粒子が島状に堆積されたものである。
島の密度はアブレーションに用いるレーザー波長及びフルエンスにより制御することが可能であり、種々のものとすることができるが、通常その数密度は薄膜表面1平方ミリあたり10〜10個、好ましくは高密度にβ−FeSi2結晶粒子が堆積された状態である5x10〜10個である。
また、海であるアモルファスを含む相は、FeSi2アモルファス相の単相でもよく、また該アモルファス相とα相、β相、γ相等の混相であってもよい。
In the thin film of the present invention, it is important that the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are scattered in islands in a phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous which is a sea. The “island-like” corresponds to an “island” of a “sea-island structure”, which is a so-called matrix structure, and is composed of β-FeSi 2 crystal particles in a phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous, which is the “sea”. "Means a state in which dots are scattered. Further, the "islands" may be scattered in a phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous which is a "sea", but it is preferable that the "islands" are deposited on the phase containing the amorphous. In other words, the preferred thin film of the present invention is a thin film containing a phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous and β-FeSi 2 crystal particles, and β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are island-shaped on the FeSi 2 amorphous phase. Are deposited on
The density of the islands can be controlled by the laser wavelength and fluence used for ablation, and can be various. The number density is usually 10 2 to 10 7 per square mm of the thin film surface, preferably There are 5 × 10 3 to 10 7 β-FeSi 2 crystal particles deposited at a high density.
The amorphous phase containing sea may be a single phase of an FeSi 2 amorphous phase, or a mixed phase of the amorphous phase and an α phase, a β phase, a γ phase, or the like.

本発明の対象とする海島構造を有する薄膜は種々の方法により得ることができるが、好ましくは、FeSi2合金にレーザー光を照射し、アブレーションさせたガス状物質と液滴を低温に保持された基板上に堆積させることにより製造することができる。 Although a thin film having a sea-island structure as an object of the present invention can be obtained by various methods, preferably, the FeSi 2 alloy is irradiated with a laser beam, and the ablated gaseous substance and the droplet are kept at a low temperature. It can be manufactured by depositing it on a substrate.

原料であるα−FeSi2合金は、FeとSiの粉末を1:2に混合・溶融して合成したα−FeSi2合金粉末を通常のホットプレス法で成形した焼結体であり、β−FeSi2バルク結晶体と比較して、極めて安価に且つ商業製品として容易に入手することが可能なものである。
更に、レーザーアブレーションを利用した成膜方法では、他のスパッタリング法等の気相合成法に比べて、ターゲット物質の化学組成をそのまま有する生成物が得られやすいという利点がある。これは、ターゲット物質がレーザー光を吸収することにより生じるエネルギーのほとんどが熱エネルギーに変換される結果、ターゲット物質の表面近傍が非常に高温の加熱状態となり、物質の溶融・蒸発等が一様に起こるためである。ターゲット表面近傍がレーザー光照射中に非常に高温状態にあることは、照射後のターゲット表面が照射前と異なり、溶融してその後固化したような構造を呈することからも容易に推察される。よって、本手法でα−FeSi2合金ターゲットのレーザーアブレーションを行う結果、精確な化学量論比を有するβ−FeSi2結晶粒子が作製される。以上のように、原料を安価に供給することを重視するとα相を有するFeSi2がターゲットとして好ましいが、FeとSiの組成比が1:2の化学量論比を満足するFeSi2化合物であれば、α相、β相、γ相、アモルファス相ならびにそれらの混相のいずれであってもよい。
The α-FeSi 2 alloy as a raw material is a sintered body obtained by molding an α-FeSi 2 alloy powder synthesized by mixing and melting Fe and Si powders in a ratio of 1: 2 by a normal hot pressing method, Compared to the FeSi 2 bulk crystal, it is extremely inexpensive and can be easily obtained as a commercial product.
Further, the film forming method using laser ablation has an advantage that a product having the chemical composition of the target substance as it is can be easily obtained as compared with a vapor phase synthesis method such as another sputtering method. This is because most of the energy generated by the absorption of the laser beam by the target material is converted to thermal energy, and the vicinity of the surface of the target material is heated to a very high temperature, and the melting and evaporation of the material are uniformly performed. To happen. The fact that the vicinity of the target surface is in a very high temperature state during the laser beam irradiation can be easily inferred from the fact that the target surface after the irradiation has a structure different from that before the irradiation, and has a structure that has been melted and then solidified. Therefore, as a result of performing laser ablation of the α-FeSi 2 alloy target by this method, β-FeSi 2 crystal particles having a precise stoichiometric ratio are produced. As described above, FeSi 2 having an α phase is preferable as a target when emphasis is placed on supplying raw materials at low cost, but any FeSi 2 compound that satisfies the stoichiometric ratio of Fe: Si of 1: 2 is desirable. For example, any of an α phase, a β phase, a γ phase, an amorphous phase, and a mixed phase thereof may be used.

本発明方法においては、前記原料であるα−FeSi2合金ターゲットにレーザー光を照射し、生起するガス状物質とドロップレットを、低温に保持された基板上に堆積させる。この場合、ガス状物質はFeやSi原子ならびにそれらの分子やイオンから構成されており、その質量が液滴よりも小さいために通常、基板上に液滴より早く堆積してアモルファスを含む相を形成する。これに対して液滴は、ターゲット表面の溶融した部分からマイクロメートルオーダーの液滴として放出され、ガス状物質により形成されたアモルファスを含む層に堆積する。この場合、この液滴は原子間の化学結合を保持した液滴で飛散することから基板上に堆積させた場合、その結晶化のためのエネルギーはより低エネルギーでよく、より低い基板温度で形成され、これがFeSi2のアモルファスを含む相に堆積されることとなる。 In the method of the present invention, the α-FeSi 2 alloy target, which is the raw material, is irradiated with a laser beam, and the generated gaseous substance and droplets are deposited on a substrate kept at a low temperature. In this case, the gaseous substance is composed of Fe and Si atoms and their molecules and ions, and since the mass thereof is smaller than that of the droplet, the gaseous substance usually deposits earlier on the substrate than the droplet and forms a phase containing amorphous. Form. On the other hand, droplets are emitted as droplets on the order of micrometers from the melted portion of the target surface, and are deposited on a layer containing amorphous formed by a gaseous substance. In this case, since the droplets are scattered by droplets retaining chemical bonds between atoms, when deposited on a substrate, the energy for crystallization may be lower and formed at a lower substrate temperature. This is deposited on the phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous.

基板温度は、結晶性の良いβ−FeSi2がアモルファスを含む層に効率よく堆積されるような温度に設定すればよいが、100℃未満、特に室温に保持することが好ましい。100℃以上であるとβ−FeSi2の単相薄膜やこれにFeSi相が混入した薄膜が得られるだけで、本発明の対象とする、FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相とβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を含み、該FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相が「海」で、β−FeSi2結晶粒子が「島」となる海島構造を採る特異な薄膜を得ることが困難となる。 The substrate temperature may be set to a temperature at which β-FeSi 2 having good crystallinity is efficiently deposited on the layer containing amorphous, but it is preferable to maintain the substrate temperature at less than 100 ° C., particularly at room temperature. When the temperature is 100 ° C. or higher, a single-phase thin film of β-FeSi 2 or a thin film in which a FeSi phase is mixed therein can be obtained, and a phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous and β-FeSi 2 crystal particles, which are objects of the present invention, are obtained. It is difficult to obtain a unique thin film having a sea-island structure in which the phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous is “sea” and the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are “islands”.

本発明において基板材料の種類は特に限定されない。通常β−FeSi2薄膜作製に用いられるSi(100)及び(111)ウエハー基板に加え、Al2O3やMgO単結晶等の無機単結晶基板、セラミックス基板、石英ガラス等のガラス基板、そして無機基板に比べて耐熱性の低い高分子基板やチオール等を表面に塗布したような有機分子塗布基板等、様々な基板を使用することが可能である。 In the present invention, the type of the substrate material is not particularly limited. In addition to Si (100) and (111) wafer substrates usually used for preparing β-FeSi 2 thin films, inorganic single crystal substrates such as Al 2 O 3 and MgO single crystals, ceramic substrates, glass substrates such as quartz glass, and inorganic substrates Various substrates can be used, such as a polymer substrate having lower heat resistance than a substrate and an organic molecule-coated substrate having a surface coated with thiol or the like.

本発明において光源として用いるレーザーの波長としては、α−FeSi2合金が吸収を有する波長であれば良い。例えば、ArF(波長:193nm)、KrCl(222nm)、KrF(248nm)、XeCl(308nm)、XeF(351nm)エキシマレーザー、YAGレーザー、YLFレーザー、YVOレーザー、色素レーザー等の基本発振波長光、およびその基本発振波長光を非線形光学素子などにより変換したものを用いることもできる。
本発明で好ましく使用される波長は、ターゲット表面からより深い領域まで照射レーザー光が浸透する結果より多量のドロップレットの生成が達成される可能性の点からみて、可視域ならびに近赤外域の長波長である。
The wavelength of the laser used as a light source in the present invention may be a wavelength at which the α-FeSi 2 alloy has absorption. For example, fundamental oscillation wavelength light such as ArF (wavelength: 193 nm), KrCl (222 nm), KrF (248 nm), XeCl (308 nm), XeF (351 nm) excimer laser, YAG laser, YLF laser, YVO laser, dye laser, and the like. What converted the fundamental oscillation wavelength light with a nonlinear optical element etc. can also be used.
The wavelength preferably used in the present invention is long in the visible region and the near-infrared region in view of the possibility that the generation of a larger amount of droplets can be achieved as a result of the irradiation laser light penetrating from the target surface to a deeper region. Wavelength.

レーザーアブレーションより液滴を生成しβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を作製するためのレーザー強度は、レーザー波長に対するα−FeSi2合金の光吸収係数によって異なるが、レーザー強度が2J/cm2以上、好ましくは、後述の実施例3にあるように、ドロップレットの生成効率が顕著に増大する4J/cm2以上が望ましい。レーザー強度が2J/cm2未満であると、液滴を含まない原子・分子の飛散粒子がアブレーションにより主に生成し、β−FeSi2微結晶粒子の形成が困難となる。 The laser intensity for producing droplets from laser ablation to produce β-FeSi 2 crystal particles depends on the light absorption coefficient of the α-FeSi 2 alloy with respect to the laser wavelength, but the laser intensity is 2 J / cm 2 or more, preferably As described in Example 3 below, it is desirable that the droplet generation efficiency is 4 J / cm 2 or more, which significantly increases the droplet generation efficiency. If the laser intensity is less than 2 J / cm 2 , scattering particles of atoms and molecules not containing droplets are mainly generated by ablation, and it is difficult to form β-FeSi 2 microcrystalline particles.

本発明においては、α−FeSi2合金ターゲットに対向した状態で基板を設置することが好ましい。レーザーアブレーションでは、生成する原子、分子、イオンならびに液滴がターゲット表面の法線方向を中心とする分布をもって飛散し、いわゆるアブレーションプルームを形成することが知られている。特に液滴は、ガス状物質に比べて、前述の方向性を持って飛散する傾向が知られており、よって、ドロップレットを基板上により多く堆積させて、前述のβ−FeSi2結晶をより高密度に製造するためには、基板をターゲットに対向して設置した方がよい。ただし、ドロップレットもある程度の方向分布をもって飛散することから、これらが捕捉できる位置であれば、基板とターゲットが対向配置されている必要はない。また、基板とターゲット間の距離については、その距離が近いほど高い密度でドロップレットを基板上に捕捉でき、より効率的にβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を含む薄膜を形成するものと考えられる。 In the present invention, it is preferable that the substrate is placed in a state facing the α-FeSi 2 alloy target. In laser ablation, it is known that generated atoms, molecules, ions, and droplets scatter with a distribution centered on the normal direction of the target surface to form a so-called ablation plume. In particular, droplets are known to tend to scatter with the above-mentioned directionality as compared with gaseous substances, so that more droplets are deposited on a substrate to make the above-mentioned β-FeSi 2 crystal more For high-density production, it is better to place the substrate facing the target. However, since the droplets also scatter with a certain degree of directional distribution, it is not necessary that the substrate and the target are arranged facing each other as long as they can be captured. Regarding the distance between the substrate and the target, it is considered that the closer the distance is, the higher the density of droplets can be captured on the substrate, and the more efficiently a thin film containing β-FeSi 2 crystal particles is formed.

本発明の対象とする薄膜は、その光特性、電気特性等がそれぞれ異なる、アモルファスを含む相とβ−FeSi2結晶粒子から構成され、しかもβ−FeSi2結晶粒子がアモルファスを含む相に島状に点在されていることから、従来のβ−FeSi2の単相薄膜とは異なり、β−FeSi2からの近赤外発光をマイクロメートルオーダーの結晶粒子内部へ閉じ込めて増幅する微小球レーザー類似の機能を有する薄膜型発光デバイスなどとしての応用が期待されるものである。 The thin film targeted by the present invention is composed of an amorphous phase and β-FeSi 2 crystal particles having different optical characteristics, electric characteristics, etc., and the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are island-shaped into the amorphous phase. Unlike conventional single-phase β-FeSi 2 single-phase thin films, it is similar to a microsphere laser that amplifies the near-infrared emission from β-FeSi 2 by confining it in micrometer-order crystal grains. It is expected to be applied as a thin-film type light emitting device having the above function.

また、前記したように、本発明の対象とするβ−FeSi2結晶、高温安定相であるα相が存在するために、液相からの引き上げによる単結晶作製や高温を要する焼結体作製が難しく、バルク体の大量合成が難しい。一方、種々の気相法によりβ−FeSi2薄膜が合成されているが、(イ)成膜時および成膜後の結晶化処理において高温を必要とする、(ロ)結晶化処理時間が非常に長いこと、などといった製造プロセス上の多くの問題がある。また、そのような長時間におよぶ高温多段階プロセスによる合成の結果、α−FeSi2、γ−FeSi2等の他の鉄シリサイド結晶相が同時に析出し、β−FeSi2の試料を合成することは困難であり、β−FeSi2の半導体特性の再現性の低下をまねく、といった特性上の難点もある。 In addition, as described above, since the β-FeSi 2 crystal, which is the object of the present invention, and the α phase, which is a high-temperature stable phase, are present, the production of a single crystal by pulling up from the liquid phase and the production of a sintered body that requires high temperature have Difficult and difficult to synthesize in bulk. On the other hand, β-FeSi 2 thin films have been synthesized by various gas phase methods, but (a) high temperatures are required for crystallization during and after film formation. There are many problems in the manufacturing process, such as being long. Further, as a result of the synthesis by such a long-time high-temperature multi-step process, other iron silicide crystal phases such as α-FeSi 2 and γ-FeSi 2 are simultaneously precipitated, and a β-FeSi 2 sample is synthesized. Is difficult, and there is also a characteristic difficulty such that the reproducibility of the semiconductor characteristics of β-FeSi 2 is reduced.

これに対して、本発明方法はα−FeSi2合金のレーザーアブレーションにより液滴を積極的に生成させ基板上に堆積させて利用することから、従来の気相法で生成する原子・分子単位の飛散物の堆積による成膜と異なり、より低い基板温度でβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を島とする薄膜を得ることが可能となる。これは、原子・分子単位の飛散物を基板上に堆積させ結晶構造を形成させるためには、基板上で原子・分子が結晶化のための再配列するための移動度が必要であるが、本発明方法の如く、原子間の化学結合を広範囲に保持した液滴で飛散する物質を基板上に堆積させた場合、その結晶化のためのエネルギーはより低エネルギーでよく、その結果、低い基板温度でβ−FeSi2を島とする薄膜が形成される。更に、構成成分であるFeとSiの供給源がβ−FeSi2と同一組成のα−FeSi2合金であるため、得られる膜の組成の再現性に優れている。即ち、本手法を用いれば、高温プロセスを必要とせずに、安価な原料を用いて、結晶性の優れたβ−FeSi2を含む薄膜を簡便に低温合成することができる。 On the other hand, the method of the present invention actively generates droplets by laser ablation of α-FeSi 2 alloy and deposits them on a substrate for use. Unlike the film formation by the deposition of flying objects, it becomes possible to obtain a thin film having β-FeSi 2 crystal particles as islands at a lower substrate temperature. This is because in order to deposit scattered matter in atomic and molecular units on a substrate to form a crystal structure, it is necessary to have mobility for atoms and molecules to rearrange for crystallization on the substrate, When a substance that is scattered in a droplet holding a wide range of chemical bonds between atoms is deposited on a substrate as in the method of the present invention, the energy for crystallization may be lower, and as a result, the lower substrate may be used. At the temperature, a thin film having β-FeSi 2 as an island is formed. Furthermore, since the source of the constituent components Fe and Si is an α-FeSi 2 alloy having the same composition as β-FeSi 2 , the composition of the resulting film is excellent in reproducibility. That is, by using this method, a thin film containing β-FeSi 2 having excellent crystallinity can be easily synthesized at a low temperature using an inexpensive raw material without requiring a high-temperature process.

また、本発明の、FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相を海としβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を島とする海島構造からなるβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を含む薄膜を加熱処理することにより得られる薄膜はその結晶性を高品位化することができることから、発光の妨げとなる非発光中心として結晶構造中に存在する欠陥密度を低減することができ、近赤外波長域で有効な発光材料とすることができる。
この場合、加熱処理温度を800℃以下に保持することが好ましく、また、加熱処理雰囲気を不活性ガス雰囲気下又は5x10−4 Pa以下の高真空とすることが好ましい。
Further, a thin film obtained by heat-treating a thin film containing β-FeSi 2 crystal particles having a sea-island structure in which the phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous and the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are islands according to the present invention is a crystal of the crystal. Since the quality can be improved, the defect density existing in the crystal structure as a non-emission center that hinders light emission can be reduced, and an effective light-emitting material can be obtained in a near-infrared wavelength region. .
In this case, the heat treatment temperature is preferably kept at 800 ° C. or less, and the heat treatment atmosphere is preferably made under an inert gas atmosphere or a high vacuum of 5 × 10 −4 Pa or less.

以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明する。
実施例1
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.
Example 1

FeとSiの粉末を1:2に混合・溶融して合成したα−FeSi2合金粉末を通常のホットプレス法で成形したα−FeSi2合金ターゲット(サイズ 直径20ミリ、厚さ5ミリ)を、図1に示す真空ポンプを備えた真空容器中の回転保持具に取り付けた。また、n型Si(100)基板表面をフッ化水素酸を用いて洗浄した後、基板としてターゲット表面から基板表面が30ミリになるように対向した位置にある真空容器中のもう一つの回転保持具にセットした。その後、真空容器内部の圧力を1x10−5 Pa以下になるように、ターボ分子ポンプとロータリーポンプを併用して排気した。
その後、KrFエキシマレーザー光(波長 248nm)を合成石英レンズを用いてターゲット表面に対して約45°の入射角となるように集光した。照射パルスエネルギーは10mJ/pulse、ターゲット表面でのレーザービーム面積は0.005平方センチと設定し、得られたレーザー強度は2J/cm2であった。10Hzのレーザー繰り返しで30分間照射して、α−FeSi2合金ターゲットのレーザーアブレーションを行い、室温に保持したSi基板上に薄膜を形成した。
得られた薄膜を空気中に取り出し、その表面を走査型電子顕微鏡ならびにレーザー走査顕微鏡によって観察したところ、図2の走査型電子顕微鏡写真が示すように、膜表面に半球状(図2中 A)ならびに中心部が外周部より凹んだ形状いわゆるドーナツ状(図2中 B)粒子のドロップレットが、膜表面全体約10x10平方ミリに一様に形成されており、約1ミクロンから10ミクロンの直径を有していることがわかった。AとB粒子をレーザー走査顕微鏡により仔細に観察したところ、Aの直径と高さは各々約7ミクロンと3ミクロンであり、Bの直径と中心部の高さは各々約5ミクロンと0.2ミクロンであった。さらに、AとB粒子ならびに粒子の無い薄膜(図2中 C)部位の結晶構造を調べるため顕微ラマン分光測定を行った。その結果、図3上段ならびに中段に示すように、図2中のAとBの部位においては、β−FeSi2による246cm-1と193cm-1に中心を有するピークが観測され、これらの粒子がβ−FeSi2であることが明らかとなった。一方、Cにおいては、β−FeSi2に帰属されるピークは見られず、室温で堆積させた薄膜中のドロップレット粒子の堆積していない部位においては、β−FeSi2は析出していない。
また、得られた薄膜の薄膜X線回折測定を行ったところ、図4に示す回折パターンが得られ、β相に帰属される4本の回折ピークが観測され、他の結晶相の析出は確認されなかった。先に示した図3の顕微ラマンスペクトルから、半球状ならびにドーナツ状粒子はβ相であるのに対し、粒子の存在しない部分では、β相からのラマンピークが観測されなかったことからアモルファス相であると考えられる。
実施例2
The powder of Fe and Si 1: Molded alpha-FeSi 2 alloy target (size diameter of 20 millimeters, 5 mm thick) 2 mixed and melted and synthesized alpha-FeSi 2 alloy powder in the usual hot pressing the And a rotary holder in a vacuum vessel equipped with a vacuum pump shown in FIG. Also, after cleaning the surface of the n-type Si (100) substrate using hydrofluoric acid, another rotation holding in a vacuum vessel at a position facing the target surface such that the substrate surface is 30 mm from the target surface. It was set in the tool. Thereafter, the gas was evacuated by using both a turbo molecular pump and a rotary pump so that the pressure inside the vacuum vessel became 1 × 10 −5 Pa or less.
Thereafter, KrF excimer laser light (wavelength: 248 nm) was focused using a synthetic quartz lens so as to have an incident angle of about 45 ° with respect to the target surface. The irradiation pulse energy was set to 10 mJ / pulse, the laser beam area on the target surface was set to 0.005 square centimeter, and the obtained laser intensity was 2 J / cm 2 . Irradiation was performed for 30 minutes at a laser repetition rate of 10 Hz to perform laser ablation of the α-FeSi 2 alloy target, thereby forming a thin film on the Si substrate kept at room temperature.
The obtained thin film was taken out into the air, and its surface was observed with a scanning electron microscope and a laser scanning microscope. As shown in the scanning electron micrograph of FIG. 2, a hemisphere was formed on the film surface (A in FIG. 2). In addition, droplets of so-called doughnut-shaped (B in FIG. 2) particles having a central portion depressed from the outer peripheral portion are uniformly formed on the entire film surface in about 10 × 10 mm 2, and have a diameter of about 1 to 10 μm. It was found to have. When the particles A and B were closely observed with a laser scanning microscope, the diameter and height of A were about 7 and 3 microns, respectively, and the diameter and height of the center of B were about 5 and 0.2 microns, respectively. Micron. Further, microscopic Raman spectroscopy was performed to investigate the crystal structures of the A and B particles and the thin film (C in FIG. 2) part without particles. As a result, as shown in the upper part and the middle part of FIG. 3, peaks having centers at 246 cm −1 and 193 cm −1 due to β-FeSi 2 are observed at the sites A and B in FIG. It was revealed that it was β-FeSi 2 . On the other hand, in the C, a peak attributed to beta-FeSi 2 was not observed in a portion where no deposition of droplets particles in films deposited at room temperature, beta-FeSi 2 is not deposited.
In addition, when the obtained thin film was subjected to thin film X-ray diffraction measurement, a diffraction pattern shown in FIG. 4 was obtained, and four diffraction peaks belonging to the β phase were observed, and precipitation of other crystal phases was confirmed. Was not done. From the microscopic Raman spectrum shown in FIG. 3 described above, the hemispherical and donut-shaped particles are in the β phase, whereas in the portion where no particles are present, the Raman peak from the β phase was not observed, so the amorphous phase was It is believed that there is.
Example 2

α−FeSi2合金ターゲットと対向して、表面の自然酸化膜をフッ化水素酸により除去したSi基板を図1の真空容器内にセットし、容器内部の圧力が1x10−5 Pa以下となるように排気した。その後、ヘリウムガスを133Paとなるように真空容器内を満たし不活性ガス雰囲気とした後、KrFエキシマレーザー光を照射した。照射パルスエネルギーは20mJ/pulse、ターゲット表面でのレーザービーム面積は0.005平方センチと設定し、得られたレーザー強度は4J/cm2であった。10Hzのレーザー繰り返しで30分間照射して、α−FeSi2合金ターゲットのレーザーアブレーションを行い、室温に保持したSi基板上に薄膜を形成した。
得られた薄膜を空気中に取り出し、その表面をレーザー走査顕微鏡によって観察したところ、実施例1と同様にマイクロメートルオーダーの半球状およびドーナツ状粒子のドロップレットが形成された。これらの顕微ラマン分光測定から、β−FeSi2による246cm-1と193cm-1に中心を有するピークが観測され、β−FeSi2の析出が確認された。一方、これらドロップレットの堆積していない部位では、β−FeSi2はみられなかった。
実施例3
The Si substrate from which the natural oxide film on the surface has been removed with hydrofluoric acid is set in the vacuum container of FIG. 1 so as to face the α-FeSi 2 alloy target so that the pressure inside the container becomes 1 × 10 −5 Pa or less. Exhausted. Thereafter, the inside of the vacuum vessel was filled with helium gas to 133 Pa to form an inert gas atmosphere, and then KrF excimer laser light was irradiated. The irradiation pulse energy was set to 20 mJ / pulse, the laser beam area on the target surface was set to 0.005 square centimeter, and the obtained laser intensity was 4 J / cm 2 . Irradiation was performed for 30 minutes at a laser repetition rate of 10 Hz to perform laser ablation of the α-FeSi 2 alloy target, thereby forming a thin film on the Si substrate kept at room temperature.
The obtained thin film was taken out into the air, and the surface was observed with a laser scanning microscope. As a result, droplets of hemispherical and donut-shaped particles on the order of micrometers were formed as in Example 1. These microscopic Raman spectroscopy, the observed peak centered at 246cm -1 and 193 cm -1 due to beta-FeSi 2, precipitation beta-FeSi 2 was confirmed. On the other hand, β-FeSi 2 was not found at the site where these droplets were not deposited.
Example 3

α−FeSi2合金ターゲットと対向してSi基板を真空容器内にセットし、容器内部の圧力が1x10−5 Pa以下となるように排気した後、KrFエキシマレーザー光をターゲットに照射した。照射パルスエネルギーは20mJ/pulse、ターゲット表面でのレーザービーム面積は0.005平方センチと設定し、得られたレーザー強度は4J/cm2であった。10Hzのレーザー繰り返しで30分間照射して、α−FeSi2合金ターゲットのレーザーアブレーションを行い、室温に保持したSi基板上に薄膜を形成した。
得られた膜表面をレーザー走査顕微鏡によって観察したところ、半球状ならびにドーナツ状のマイクロメートルオーダーの粒子が形成されていた。直径が約1ミクロン以上のβ−FeSi2結晶粒子の1平方ミリ単位面積あたりの数密度を計測したところ、約5x10個であった。これは、実施例1の場合の約7倍の数密度に相当し、照射レーザー強度を増大させることによりβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を高密度に生成することができた。
実施例4
The Si substrate was set in a vacuum container so as to face the α-FeSi 2 alloy target, and after evacuation was performed so that the pressure inside the container was 1 × 10 −5 Pa or less, the target was irradiated with KrF excimer laser light. The irradiation pulse energy was set to 20 mJ / pulse, the laser beam area on the target surface was set to 0.005 square centimeter, and the obtained laser intensity was 4 J / cm 2 . Irradiation was performed for 30 minutes at a laser repetition rate of 10 Hz to perform laser ablation of the α-FeSi 2 alloy target, thereby forming a thin film on the Si substrate kept at room temperature.
When the surface of the obtained film was observed with a laser scanning microscope, hemispherical and donut-shaped micrometer-order particles were formed. The number density of β-FeSi 2 crystal particles having a diameter of about 1 μm or more per square mm unit area was measured to be about 5 × 10 3 . This corresponds to a number density about seven times that of Example 1. By increasing the irradiation laser intensity, β-FeSi 2 crystal particles could be generated at a high density.
Example 4

α−FeSi2合金ターゲットと対向して、石英ガラス基板を図1の真空容器内にセットし、容器内部の圧力が1x10−5 Pa以下となるように排気した。その後、ArFエキシマレーザー光(波長 193nm)をターゲット表面に対して約45°の入射角となるように照射した。照射パルスエネルギーは20mJ/pulse、ターゲット表面でのレーザービーム面積は0.005平方センチと設定し、得られたレーザー強度は4J/cm2であった。10Hzのレーザー繰り返しで60分間照射して、α−FeSi2合金ターゲットのレーザーアブレーションを行い、室温に保持した石英ガラス基板上に薄膜を形成した。
得られた薄膜表面をレーザー走査顕微鏡によって観察したところ、1〜10マイクロメートルの直径を有する半球状粒子が観察された。更に、顕微ラマン分光測定から、これらがβ−FeSi2結晶として析出していることがわかった。
実施例5
The quartz glass substrate was set in the vacuum vessel shown in FIG. 1 so as to face the α-FeSi 2 alloy target, and the inside of the vessel was evacuated to a pressure of 1 × 10 −5 Pa or less. Thereafter, an ArF excimer laser beam (wavelength: 193 nm) was applied to the target surface so as to have an incident angle of about 45 °. The irradiation pulse energy was set to 20 mJ / pulse, the laser beam area on the target surface was set to 0.005 square centimeter, and the obtained laser intensity was 4 J / cm 2 . Irradiation was performed for 60 minutes by laser repetition at 10 Hz to perform laser ablation of the α-FeSi 2 alloy target, thereby forming a thin film on a quartz glass substrate kept at room temperature.
When the surface of the obtained thin film was observed with a laser scanning microscope, hemispherical particles having a diameter of 1 to 10 micrometers were observed. Furthermore, microscopic Raman spectroscopy showed that these were precipitated as β-FeSi 2 crystals.
Example 5

α−FeSi2合金ターゲットと対向してSi基板を真空容器内にセットし、容器内部の圧力が1x10−5 Pa以下となるように排気した後、KrFエキシマレーザー光をターゲットに照射した。照射パルスエネルギーは40mJ/pulse、ターゲット表面でのレーザービーム面積は0.005平方センチと設定し、得られたレーザー強度は8J/cm2であった。10Hzのレーザー繰り返しで30分間照射して、α−FeSi2合金ターゲットのレーザーアブレーションを行い、室温に保持したSi基板上に薄膜を作製し、直径が約1ミクロン以上のβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を膜表面1平方ミリあたり約3x10個と高密度に生成した。
得られた薄膜をAr不活性ガス雰囲気中800℃で6時間の加熱処理を施し、その薄膜表面のレーザー走査顕微鏡観察を行った結果、半球状ならびにドーナツ状のβ−FeSi2結晶粒子の形状には加熱処理による変化はみられなかった。一方、半球状のβ−FeSi2結晶粒子(部位 D)と平滑な薄膜表面(部位 E)の顕微ラマン分光スペクトルを、図5の上段及び下段それぞれ示す。DとEの両部位においてβ−FeSi2によるラマンピークが観察されたことから、加熱処理により、薄膜中の島及び海をなす部分共にβ−FeSi2結晶が析出していることがわかる。ただし、約250cm-1に中心を有する主ピークの半値幅は、部位Dでは8.2cm-1と、部位Eのそれの9.1cm−1と比べると小さく、Dのβ−FeSi2結晶粒子部位の方が高い結晶性を有することが明らかになった。この高い結晶性を有するβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を含む薄膜は、図6の波長1.56μmにピークを持つ近赤外発光スペクトルを約200Kの試料保持温度まで示した。
The Si substrate was set in a vacuum container so as to face the α-FeSi 2 alloy target, and after evacuation was performed so that the pressure inside the container was 1 × 10 −5 Pa or less, the target was irradiated with KrF excimer laser light. The irradiation pulse energy was set to 40 mJ / pulse, the laser beam area on the target surface was set to 0.005 square cm, and the obtained laser intensity was 8 J / cm 2 . Irradiate for 30 minutes with 10Hz laser repetition, perform laser ablation of α-FeSi 2 alloy target, prepare thin film on Si substrate kept at room temperature, and remove β-FeSi 2 crystal particles with diameter of about 1 micron or more. It was formed at a high density of about 3 × 10 4 per square mm of the film surface.
Obtained thin film subjected to heat treatment for 6 hours at 800 ° C. in an Ar inert gas atmosphere, as a result of laser scanning microscopy of the thin film surface, the shape of the hemispherical and donut-shaped beta-FeSi 2 crystal grains No change due to heat treatment was observed. On the other hand, micro-Raman spectroscopy spectra of hemispherical β-FeSi 2 crystal particles (part D) and a smooth thin film surface (part E) are shown in the upper and lower parts of FIG. 5, respectively. Since the Raman peaks due to β-FeSi 2 were observed at both sites D and E, it can be understood that β-FeSi 2 crystals were precipitated by heat treatment in both the islands and the sea in the thin film. However, the half-value width of the main peak centered at about 250 cm -1 has a 8.2 cm -1 At location D, smaller than that of 9.1cm -1 site E, beta-FeSi 2 crystal grains D It became clear that the site had higher crystallinity. The thin film containing the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles having high crystallinity exhibited a near-infrared emission spectrum having a peak at a wavelength of 1.56 μm in FIG. 6 up to a sample holding temperature of about 200K.

本発明の薄膜を製造するために利用される代表的なレーザーアブレーション装置の説明図。FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a typical laser ablation apparatus used for manufacturing the thin film of the present invention. 実施例1で得られた薄膜表面の走査型電子顕微鏡写真(撮影角度: 45度)。5 is a scanning electron micrograph (photographing angle: 45 degrees) of the surface of the thin film obtained in Example 1. 実施例1で得られた薄膜表面のβ−FeSi2半球状粒子(図2 A)の顕微ラマンスペクトル(上段)、ドーナツ状粒子(図2 B)の顕微ラマンスペクトル(中段)、平滑な薄膜表面部位(図2 C)の顕微ラマンスペクトル(下段)。Microscopic Raman spectrum of β-FeSi 2 hemispherical particles (FIG. 2A) on the surface of the thin film (FIG. 2A), microscopic Raman spectrum of donut-like particles (FIG. 2B) on the thin film surface (middle), smooth thin film surface Microscopic Raman spectrum of the site (FIG. 2C) (lower). 実施例1で得られた薄膜のX線回折パターン。2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the thin film obtained in Example 1. 実施例5で得られた薄膜表面のβ−FeSi2半球状粒子の顕微ラマンスペクトル(上段)、平滑な薄膜表面部位の顕微ラマンスペクトル(下段)。The microscopic Raman spectrum of the β-FeSi 2 hemispherical particles on the surface of the thin film obtained in Example 5 (upper part), and the microscopic Raman spectrum of the smooth thin film surface part (lower part). 実施例5で得られた薄膜の試料温度25Kでの発光波長と発光強度を示す図。FIG. 9 is a graph showing the emission wavelength and emission intensity of the thin film obtained in Example 5 at a sample temperature of 25K.

Claims (14)

FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相を海としβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を島とする海島構造からなるβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を含む薄膜。 A thin film containing β-FeSi 2 crystal particles having a sea-island structure in which a phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous is ocean and β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are islands. FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相とβ−FeSi2結晶粒子を含む薄膜であって、該FeSi2 アモルファスを含む相の上にβ−FeSi2結晶粒子が島状に堆積されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の薄膜。 A thin film containing a phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous and β-FeSi 2 crystal particles, wherein β-FeSi 2 crystal particles are deposited in an island shape on the phase containing FeSi 2 amorphous. Item 7. A thin film according to item 1. β−FeSi2結晶粒子の平均直径が0.1〜100μmであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の薄膜。 The thin film according to claim 1, wherein the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles have an average diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm. β−FeSi2結晶粒子の形状が半球状又はドーナツ状であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3何れかに記載の薄膜。 The thin film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the β-FeSi 2 crystal particles have a hemispherical or donut shape. β−FeSi2結晶粒子が薄膜表面1平方ミリあたり10〜10個の密度で島状に存在していることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4何れかに記載の薄膜。 thin film according to any one of claims 1 to 4 β-FeSi 2 crystal particles characterized in that it is present in an island shape in 10 2 to 10 7 of the density per surface of the thin film 1 square millimeter. FeSi2合金にレーザー光を照射し、アブレーションさせたガス状物質と液滴(ドロップレット)を、基板上に堆積させることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5何れかに記載の薄膜の製造方法。 The method for producing a thin film according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the FeSi 2 alloy is irradiated with a laser beam to deposit a gaseous substance and droplets (abbreviated droplets) ablated on a substrate. 基板温度を100℃未満に保持することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の薄膜の製造方法。 The method for producing a thin film according to claim 6, wherein the substrate temperature is maintained at less than 100 ° C. レーザーアブレーション雰囲気を不活性ガス雰囲気下又は1x10−5 Pa以下の高真空とすることを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の薄膜の製造方法。 The method for producing a thin film according to claim 6, wherein the laser ablation atmosphere is set in an inert gas atmosphere or a high vacuum of 1 × 10 −5 Pa or less. 照射レーザーフルエンスを2J/cm2以上とすることを特徴とする請求項6乃至8何れかに記載の薄膜の製造方法。 9. The method for producing a thin film according to claim 6, wherein the irradiation laser fluence is 2 J / cm 2 or more. 前記レーザーとして、α−FeSi2合金が光吸収を示す波長で発振するレーザーを用いることを特徴とする請求項6乃至9何れかに記載の薄膜の製造方法。 The method for producing a thin film according to claim 6, wherein a laser oscillating at a wavelength at which the α-FeSi 2 alloy absorbs light is used as the laser. 請求項1乃至5何れかに記載の薄膜を加熱処理することにより得られる薄膜。 A thin film obtained by subjecting the thin film according to claim 1 to heat treatment. 加熱処理温度を800℃以下に保持することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の薄膜。 The thin film according to claim 11, wherein the heat treatment temperature is maintained at 800C or lower. 加熱処理雰囲気を不活性ガス雰囲気下又は5x10−4 Pa以下の高真空とすることを特徴とする請求項11又は12に記載の薄膜。 The thin film according to claim 11, wherein the heat treatment atmosphere is an inert gas atmosphere or a high vacuum of 5 × 10 −4 Pa or less. 請求項11乃至13何れかに記載の薄膜からなる発光材料。 A light-emitting material comprising the thin film according to claim 11.
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