JP2004245520A - Waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the waste treatment equipment for crushing infectious wastes including substances which are hardly crushed or melted such as metallic pieces, or treating them at high temperature without performing the previous combustion, and to economically prepare an ultra high temperature field suitable for the complete sterilization of the infectious wastes. <P>SOLUTION: This waste treatment device has the primary to tertiary combustion chambers, the waste is heated into small pieces in the primary combustion chamber, the combustible matters is burned to gasify thermal decomposable solid matters and to prepare the molten slag of thermal meltable solid matters in a main chamber of the secondary combustion chamber, and the gasified gas in the secondary combustion chamber is completely burned in the tertiary combustion chamber. The secondary combustion chamber has a sub-chamber for supplying the gasified gas in the main chamber to the tertiary combustion chamber, and an upstream end opening part of the sub-chamber is formed on a furnace wall of the main chamber. The main chamber has a high-temperature oxidant injecting device for injecting high-speed jet flow of high-temperature oxidant into the main chamber, and an injection port of the injection device is formed in adjacent to the opening part of the sub-chamber, so that the high-speed jet flow is injected in a state of crossing the opening part. An in-furnace area of the main chamber is kept at a temperature of 1000°C or more by the heat generated from the wastes. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus, and more particularly, to a waste treatment apparatus that forms an ultra-high temperature field suitable for complete sterilization of infectious waste in a furnace using heat generation of the waste. Things.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Waste from medical facilities, various research facilities, food factories, large lodging facilities, large eating facilities, etc. (hereinafter referred to as “medical facilities, etc.”) are biological materials, biological waste, synthetic resins, fibrous materials, inorganic materials. It contains various types of waste such as system materials, metal materials, and animal and plant organs, and is difficult to separate easily for hygienic reasons. In particular, the waste of medical facilities or medical institutions is different from the waste of normal facilities, and even if it is non-infectious waste that contains no infectious waste and can be infected, Since it contains needles, surgical instruments, bottles, organs, living tissues, and the like, it is virtually impossible to perform a manual sorting operation. For this reason, it is required to be economically efficient and to have no adverse effect on the environment, and furthermore, it is required for the staff involved to safely and labor-savingly treat medical waste and the like. It is desirable to treat all waste produced from medical facilities and the like in the generation area (in the hospital).
[0003]
Further, when incinerating inseparable waste in which various kinds of waste materials are mixed as described above, not only the waste is completely sterilized but also various substances that are not desirable from the viewpoint of air pollution prevention, for example, dioxin and the like. It is also important to adopt a treatment method that minimizes the generation of pollutants and does not adversely affect the surrounding environment.
[0004]
From such a viewpoint, in recent years, a plasma melting method in which an ultra-high temperature field is formed using the radiant heat of a plasma, or an ultra-high temperature field is formed in a furnace of an incinerator by the combustion heat of an oxygen burner, A waste disposal method has been developed which sterilizes and melts and discharges slag after volume reduction and solidification (for example, "Molten technology for garbage incineration ash" (Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Ltd., Masayuki Mizuno). A system for reforming a gasified gas or a pyrolysis gas generated in such a gasification melting process and using the reformed gas as a fuel for a power generation facility or the like has also been developed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-158885).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-158885
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Since infectious waste is disposed of in a portable container, the high-temperature processing furnace requires a relatively large volume inside the furnace. A conventional waste treatment method that forms a high-temperature field consumes a large amount of oxygen or electricity for complete sterilization and waste volume reduction, and tends to increase maintenance and management costs. For this reason, in reality, there is a method of incinerating combustibles in advance by a pulverizing step or pre-combustion of combustibles in order to reduce the capacity and load of the high temperature processing furnace, and introducing reduced volume waste into the high temperature processing furnace. Has been adopted. However, pre-combustion of combustibles to reduce the volume of waste means unnecessary use of heat-generating substances that can contribute to the formation of an ultra-high temperature field, which is not desirable in terms of energy efficiency.
[0007]
In addition, due to the nature of infectious waste, not only combustible materials such as blood, gauze, absorbent cotton, diapers, bandages, linen, paper waste, etc., but also difficult to crush such as metal pieces such as scalpels, kanshi, injection needles, bottles etc. Since non-combustible substances are mixed with wastes, crushing equipment, pre-combustion equipment, pyrolysis chamber, gasification chamber, gasification melting chamber, etc. that constitute incineration equipment are liable to cause operational troubles, etc. It was very difficult to reliably prevent technical troubles.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to crush or incinerate infectious waste containing a material that is difficult to crush and melt, such as a piece of metal. It is an object of the present invention to provide a waste treatment apparatus capable of economically forming an ultra-high temperature field suitable for complete sterilization of infectious waste while performing high-temperature treatment without waste.
[0009]
Another object of the present invention is to prevent the generation of dioxin in such a waste disposal apparatus.
[0010]
Means and Action for Solving the Problems
The present invention provides a waste treatment apparatus that incinerates waste in a high-temperature furnace atmosphere to achieve the above object.
A primary combustion chamber equipped with a burner device, which heats waste into small pieces,
A main chamber of a secondary combustion chamber that oxidizes small pieces of waste dropped from the primary combustion chamber, burns combustibles, gasifies pyrolyzable solids, and turns molten slag of heat-meltable solids,
Having a tertiary combustion chamber for completely burning the gasified gas of the secondary combustion chamber,
The secondary combustion chamber has a sub-chamber that feeds the gasified gas of the main chamber to the tertiary combustion chamber, and an upstream end opening of the sub-chamber opens to the furnace wall of the main chamber,
The main chamber has a high-temperature oxidant injection device for blowing a high-speed jet of a high-temperature oxidant into the main chamber, and the high-temperature oxidant is a gas having a temperature of 500 ° C. or more and an oxygen concentration of 1 to 30%. And an injection port of the injection device injects the high-speed jet so as to be adjacent to the opening and cross the opening, and an ungasified mist of waste that has fallen from the primary combustion chamber into the main chamber. And preventing unmelted scattered solid particles or fly ash from passing through the main chamber and blowing through the opening, and forming the ungasified mist and unmelted scattered solid particles or fly ash into the main chamber. Waste treatment characterized in that it is arranged on the furnace wall of the main chamber so as to recirculate toward the bottom, and the furnace area of the main chamber maintains a temperature of 1000 ° C. or more due to the heat generated by the waste. Provide equipment.
[0011]
According to the above configuration of the present invention, the waste treatment apparatus includes a three-stage combustion chamber, that is, a primary combustion chamber for fragmenting waste, a secondary combustion chamber for gasifying fragmented waste, and a gasified gas. Is provided with a tertiary combustion chamber for completely combusting. The portable container containing the infectious waste and the like is disassembled in the primary combustion chamber, the contents of the container partially burn, and the container and small pieces of the container contents fall into the secondary combustion chamber. The small pieces stay in the main chamber of the secondary combustion chamber and are stirred by the high-speed jet of the high-temperature oxidizing agent, and the small pieces are thermally decomposed and gasified by the high-temperature atmosphere. The gasified gas is completely burned in the tertiary combustion chamber and exhausted. Of the solids that cannot be incinerated or cannot be thermally decomposed, the solids that can be melted remain as molten slag at the bottom of the main chamber, and the solids that cannot be melted are embedded in the molten slag. The molten slag at the bottom of the main chamber reacts with the high-temperature oxidizing agent and generates heat, which contributes to maintaining a high-temperature atmosphere in the main chamber. The molten slag is cooled and solidified after the waste treatment apparatus is stopped, and is discharged outside the apparatus, or continuously or intermittently discharged during operation of the waste treatment apparatus.
[0012]
The present invention also provides the waste treatment apparatus having the above configuration, wherein the tertiary combustion chamber has a combustion air injection device for injecting combustion air into the tertiary combustion chamber, and the flammable gasified gas flowing into the tertiary combustion chamber is combustible. The reaction with the combustion air of the combustion air injection device completely combusts and raises the temperature of the exhaust gas in the tertiary combustion chamber to a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher, and the high temperature exhaust gas in the tertiary combustion chamber is supplied to the cooling device. In addition, the cooling device instantaneously cools the exhaust gas to a temperature of 200 ° C. or less. The process including the exhaust gas high-temperature treatment by the tertiary combustion chamber and the quenching treatment of the high-temperature exhaust gas by the cooling device effectively prevents the resynthesis of dioxin. For this reason, dioxin generation in the waste treatment device is suppressed.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Preferably, the waste treatment apparatus further includes oxygen concentration control means for controlling the oxygen concentration of the high-temperature oxidant to an arbitrary value within the range of 5 to 30%, and the waste gas is discharged from the sub chamber by controlling the oxygen concentration. The gaseous gas temperature and the nitrogen oxide content. It is desirable that the high-temperature oxidizing agent injection device includes a monitoring mechanism for monitoring the condition in the furnace visually or by imaging means.
[0014]
More preferably, the sub-chamber of the secondary combustion chamber includes a second high-temperature oxidant injection device that blows a high-speed jet of the high-temperature oxidant into the main chamber. The solid content flowing into the sub-chamber through the opening reacts with the high-temperature oxidant injected by the second injection device and burns or is thermally decomposed. Preferably, the high-speed jet of the second injection device forms a swirling flow in the sub-chamber.
[0015]
Preferably, the lower part of the main chamber is formed in a detachable pot structure or is provided with a slag port having a cooling means, in order to discharge the molten slag of solids deposited on the bottom of the main chamber. Similarly, the lower part of the sub-chamber is formed in a detachable pot structure or has a slag outlet provided with a cooling means, in order to discharge the molten slag of solids deposited on the bottom of the sub-chamber.
[0016]
More preferably, the main chamber of the secondary combustion chamber has an auxiliary burner device that can supply auxiliary fuel to the main chamber to make up for the shortage of heat generated by the waste. The main chamber auxiliary burner device is controlled to operate in conjunction with the main chamber furnace temperature. Preferably, the sub chamber of the secondary combustion chamber also has an auxiliary burner device capable of supplying auxiliary fuel for stabilizing the temperature of the gasified gas flowing into the tertiary combustion chamber to the sub chamber. The auxiliary burner device of the sub chamber is controlled to operate in relation to the gas temperature of the tertiary combustion chamber.
[0017]
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a system flow diagram showing the entire configuration of the infectious waste treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 1, the waste treatment device includes a double damper device, a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a tertiary combustion chamber, a cooling device, a dust collecting device, and a high-temperature air generating device. Generally, infectious waste is transferred to a waste treatment device while being stored in a transport container. Containers containing a wide variety of infectious waste are introduced into the primary combustion chamber via a double damper device. The furnace temperature of the primary combustion chamber is set to about 1000 ° C., and the transfer container burns in the primary combustion chamber and is fragmented. Residual or unburned components of the container and the contents of the container (infectious waste) fall into the main chamber of the secondary combustion chamber by gravity.
[0019]
The high-temperature air generator heats air at normal temperature (corresponding to the atmospheric temperature) to a high temperature of 500 ° C. or higher, preferably 800 ° C., and supplies the high-temperature air to a high-temperature air injection device disposed in the main chamber of the secondary combustion chamber. Supply. The secondary combustion chamber includes a sub-chamber following the main chamber, and the high-temperature air jet injected by the high-temperature air injection device emits a combustion gas, a pyrolysis gas, a solid or liquid suspended substance flowing into the main chamber from the primary combustion chamber. Prevent gas from escaping into the sub-chamber, recirculate these gases and suspended matter into the main chamber together with the container and small pieces of the contents of the container, and stir in the main chamber. The small pieces of the container and the contents of the container are partially oxidized in the main chamber, are reduced and burn, and generate heat.
[0020]
The flow velocity of the hot air jet is preferably set to 30 m / s or more, and more preferably, 50 to 150 m / s. The high-temperature air flow jetted at a high speed is jetted into the main chamber of the secondary combustion chamber, and at the same time, is mixed with the combustion gas and the pyrolysis gas in the main chamber to quickly reduce the oxygen concentration to 10% or less, and to 1000 to 1200. The temperature rises to ℃ or higher, and the mixture is mixed with solid or liquid combustibles floating in the main chamber, and then reduced and burned. For this reason, an extremely high-temperature portion is not formed in the main chamber, and a uniform flame at a temperature of about 1500 ° C. is formed.
[0021]
When a high-temperature oxidizing agent having a high oxygen concentration collides with a solid combustible, a gaseous gas is generated in a burst to form a partial high temperature, and a desirable sterilization effect can be obtained. On the other hand, a large amount of nitrogen oxide (NOx) is obtained. This is undesirable in detoxifying the exhaust gas. However, according to the present invention, by injecting a high-speed high-temperature air flow into the main chamber and immediately mixing it with the combustion gas and the pyrolysis gas in the main chamber, the oxygen concentration of the high-temperature high-temperature air is rapidly reduced. A temperature field that can solve both sterilization and exhaust gas cleaning, that is, a high temperature, low oxygen concentration and uniform temperature field can be formed.
[0022]
Due to the mixed contact with the hot air jet, the thermally decomposable pieces are pyrolyzed and gasified, and the meltable pieces stay as molten slag at the bottom of the main chamber. The molten slag solidifies after the waste treatment apparatus is stopped and cooled, and is discharged from the main chamber, or is continuously or intermittently discharged from a slag port of the main chamber during operation of the apparatus.
[0023]
The gasified gas generated in the main chamber flows into the tertiary combustion chamber via the sub chamber, and mixes with the combustion air supplied to the tertiary combustion chamber. Combustible components such as carbon monoxide, methane, and hydrogen contained in the gasified gas react with the combustion air to completely burn in the tertiary combustion chamber. The flue gas flowing out of the tertiary combustion chamber to the cooling device has a temperature of about 1000-1200C.
[0024]
The combustion gas in the tertiary combustion chamber is introduced into a cooling device and quenched to about 200 ° C. in a few seconds. As the cooling device, a cooling tower equipped with a cooling water spraying facility can be suitably used. The cooled combustion gas is purified by a dust collector such as a bag filter and exhausted to the outside of the system via an exhaust fan and a stack (not shown). The exhaust pressure of the exhaust fan acts on the sub chamber of the secondary combustion chamber, the tertiary combustion chamber, the purification device, and the dust collector, and the exhaust gas pressure acts on the entire flow path of the gasified gas generated in the main chamber. Therefore, a gas flow from the main chamber to the exhaust fan is formed in the entire system, and the gas flow path maintains a negative pressure as a whole. In addition, as the high-temperature air generating device, a supply air flow heating device or the like disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-189 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 10-246428) by the present applicant can be preferably used.
[0025]
The main chamber of the secondary combustion chamber has an auxiliary burner device that can supply auxiliary fuel to the main chamber to make up for the shortage of heat generated by the waste. Furnace temperature detecting means (T) constituting a control system of the waste treatment device is disposed in the main room, and the auxiliary burner device detects the furnace temperature detected value in the main room under the control of the control unit (C / U). Works in conjunction. The control unit (C / U) operates the auxiliary burner device so as to maintain the furnace temperature in the main room at a predetermined temperature (for example, 1000 ° C.) or more, for example, at the time of starting or at a time when the heat generation of the waste is insufficient. . The control unit (C / U) also controls the driving unit (D) of the high-temperature air generator to variably control the high-temperature air supply amount. By controlling the supply amount of high-temperature air, the oxygen concentration in the main chamber is controlled to an arbitrary value within the range of 5 to 30%, and the temperature and the nitrogen oxide content of the gasified gas discharged from the sub chamber are variable. Controlled. An auxiliary burner is also provided in the sub-chamber of the secondary combustion chamber. The auxiliary burner in the sub chamber is controlled to operate in association with the gas temperature in the tertiary combustion chamber, and supplies auxiliary fuel to the sub chamber for stabilizing the temperature of the gasified gas flowing into the tertiary combustion chamber.
[0026]
FIG. 2 is a system flow diagram showing the entire configuration of the infectious waste treatment apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
As in the first embodiment, the waste treatment apparatus includes a double damper, a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, a tertiary combustion chamber, a cooling device, a dust removal device, and a high-temperature air generation device. Room and sub-chamber are provided. In the present embodiment, the solid content flowing into the sub chamber together with the gasified gas in the main chamber is gasified or melted in the sub chamber. A high-temperature air injection device similar to the main room is disposed in the sub-room, and the injection device injects high-temperature air from the high-temperature air generator into the sub-room. Preferably, the hot air injection device is oriented such that the hot air jet flowing into the sub-chamber forms a swirl flow in the sub-chamber, and the sub-chamber has a cross-sectional shape that promotes the swirling of the hot air jet, for example, a circular shape. It has a cross section or an elliptical cross section. The solids flowing into the sub-chamber are oxidized in the sub-chamber, the thermally decomposable solids are pyrolyzed and gasified, and the meltable solids stay as molten slag at the bottom of the sub-chamber. The molten slag at the bottom of the sub-chamber is discharged from the sub-chamber after the waste treatment apparatus is stopped and cooled, or is continuously or intermittently discharged from the sub-chamber during operation of the apparatus. The other configuration of the waste disposal apparatus is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, and further detailed description will be omitted.
[0027]
【Example】
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a waste disposal apparatus showing an example according to the first embodiment, and FIGS. 4A and 4B are sectional views taken along lines AA and BB of FIG. It is sectional drawing in a line.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 3, the waste treatment apparatus includes a primary combustion furnace 1, a secondary combustion furnace 2, and a tertiary combustion furnace 3, and includes a primary combustion chamber 10, a secondary combustion chamber 20, and a tertiary combustion chamber 30 each. Formed in a few furnaces. The furnace shaft 11 of the primary combustion furnace 1 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the furnace shaft of the secondary combustion furnace 2. The secondary combustion chamber 20 of the secondary combustion furnace 2 includes a vertical vertical main chamber 21 and a horizontal horizontal sub chamber 22, and the entire furnace body 23 has a horizontal furnace shaft. The furnace body 31 of the tertiary combustion furnace 30 has a furnace axis oriented vertically, and the tertiary combustion chamber 30 has a bottom connected to the sub-chamber 22 through a communication passage 33 and a top connected to an exhaust gas duct 39. You.
[0029]
The primary combustion furnace 1 includes a double damper device 12 and a burner device 17. The double damper device 12 has a pair of dampers 13 and 14 for which simultaneous opening is prohibited, and an intermediate chamber 15 between the dampers 13 and 14, and the waste container W0 containing infectious waste contains the damper 13. In connection with the opening / closing control of 14, it is introduced into the intermediate chamber 15 from a supply device (not shown) such as a lifter, and is introduced into the primary combustion chamber 10 via the intermediate chamber 15. The burner device 17 burns by supplying fuel such as LPG and combustion air, heats the waste W0 in the primary combustion chamber 10, incinerates or disassembles / divides the container, and generates a small piece of the container content. Promote the change. A small piece dropping port 18 is formed in the lower part of the primary combustion chamber 10, and a small piece W <b> 1 of the container and the contents of the container falls from the falling port 18 into the main chamber 21 of the secondary combustion chamber 20. With an appropriate design of the shape and the opening area of the drop port 18, a small piece W1 of an appropriate size falls from the primary combustion chamber 10 into the main chamber 21.
[0030]
As shown in FIG. 4B, the main chamber 21 of the secondary combustion furnace 2 has an elliptical cross section whose major axis is directed in the furnace axis direction of the secondary combustion furnace 2. The opening 25 of the sub-chamber 22 is disposed above the main chamber 21 and at the long axis end, and faces the main chamber 21. The slag pot 24 is detachably connected to the furnace body 23 by connection means 27 that can be separated and connected. The connecting means 27 has, for example, a flange structure that can be fastened and disassembled with bolts and nuts. The area inside the pot forms a lower part of the main chamber that is continuous with the upper part of the main chamber in the furnace body 23. In the main chamber 21, an auxiliary burner device (not shown) capable of supplying auxiliary fuel into the main chamber 21 is arranged at a predetermined position. The waste treatment apparatus includes a furnace temperature detecting means (not shown) of the main chamber 21 and a burner control device (not shown), and the burner control device includes an auxiliary burner device associated with the furnace temperature of the main chamber 21. Operate. The auxiliary burner device injects fuel into the main chamber 21 when the calorific value of the waste is insufficient, and makes up for the insufficient calorific value in the main chamber 21.
[0031]
The injection port 40 of the high-temperature air injection device 4 opens in the top wall of the main chamber 21 near the opening 25. The injection device 4 injects a high-speed jet of high-temperature air downward so as to direct an airflow and suspended matter that is going to flow from the main chamber 21 to the sub-chamber 22 toward the lower part of the main chamber. Preferably, the tip of the injection port 40 is designed with an appropriate opening area and size so as to accelerate the hot air jet flow to 50 to 150 m / s, and has an orifice or a reduced diameter as required.
[0032]
The hot air has a temperature of 500 ° C. or higher, preferably 800 ° C. or higher, more preferably 1000 ° C. or higher. The small piece W1 that has fallen into the main chamber 21 from the falling port 18 is partially oxidized in contact with the high-speed jet of high-temperature air, thermally decomposed, and reduced in volume. The residue of the small pieces W1 is deposited on the bottom of the main chamber 21 as the molten slag S. The solid particles, mist-like substances, soot particles, heavy metals and pyrolysis gas flowing into the main chamber 21 through the drop port 18 and the pyrolysis gas and combustion gas generated in the main chamber 21 cross the opening 25. Or, it is attracted to the traversing high-temperature high-speed jet, circulates in the main chamber 21, and is agitated by the kinetic energy of the high-speed jet. The high-speed jet comes into contact with the molten slag S at the bottom of the main chamber, and promotes combustion of unburned components in the slag S.
[0033]
Due to the heat generated by the small pieces W1, the molten slag S, the solid particles, the mist-like substance, and the pyrolysis gas, the temperature in the main chamber 21 reaches about 1500 ° C., and the volume reduction and melting of the small pieces W1 are promoted. The molten slag S is cooled and solidified by stopping the waste treatment device. The pot 24 is removed by releasing the connecting means 27, and the solidified material in the pot 24 is taken out of the pot 24 and discarded. The unmelted metal pieces and the like are discarded while being embedded in the solidified slag.
[0034]
The high-temperature air injection device 4 includes a furnace monitoring device 45. The in-furnace monitoring device 45 includes a viewing window for visually observing the flame in the main chamber 21, the molten slag level, the atmosphere in the furnace, and the like via the injection port 40. If desired, an imaging device for imaging the state inside the furnace may be provided in the furnace monitoring device 45.
[0035]
The gasified gas in the main chamber 21 flows into the sub-chamber 22 from the opening 25 under the exhaust pressure of the exhaust fan (FIG. 1), and flows into the third combustion chamber 30 from the sub-chamber 22 through the communication passage 33. I do. In the sub-chamber 22, an auxiliary burner device (not shown) capable of supplying auxiliary fuel into the sub-chamber 22 is provided at a predetermined position, for example, at the end of the sub-chamber 22. Temperature detection means (not shown) for detecting the gas temperature of the tertiary combustion chamber 30 is connected to the above-described burner control device, and the auxiliary burner device of the sub chamber 22 is controlled by the tertiary combustion chamber 30 under the control of the burner control device. It works in conjunction with the gas temperature of the Since the auxiliary burner device injects fuel into the sub-chamber 22 when the gas temperature in the tertiary combustion chamber 30 decreases, the temperature of the gasified gas flowing into the tertiary combustion chamber 30 is stabilized.
The third combustion furnace 3 includes combustion air injection devices 35 and 36 vertically arranged at predetermined intervals. The gas flowing into the third combustion chamber 30 from the sub chamber 22 contains a relatively large amount of carbon monoxide and the like, and the combustible components in the gas react with the combustion air injected from the injection devices 35 and 36. Burns completely. The temperature in the furnace of the third combustion chamber 30 partially reaches a temperature of 1500 ° C. or higher, and the exhaust gas at the top outlet 32 maintains a gas temperature of 1000 to 1200 ° C.
[0036]
The exhaust gas from the third combustion chamber 30 is supplied to a cooling device (FIG. 1) through an exhaust gas duct 39, where the exhaust gas is rapidly cooled to about 200 ° C. within a few seconds, and then a dust collecting device such as a bag filter. The dust is removed by (FIG. 1) and discharged to the atmosphere via an exhaust fan (FIG. 1) and a stack (not shown). The process of raising the temperature of the exhaust gas by the tertiary combustion chamber 30 and rapidly cooling the high-temperature gas by the cooling device prevents re-synthesis of dioxin, so that generation of dioxin in the waste treatment device is suppressed.
[0037]
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a waste disposal apparatus showing an example according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.
The waste treatment apparatus shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 includes a primary combustion furnace 1, a secondary combustion furnace 2, and a tertiary combustion furnace 3, as in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, components that are substantially the same as the components shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0038]
The second combustion furnace 2 of this embodiment has a vertical sub-chamber 22 formed in a slag pot 51, and the second high-temperature air injection device 6 is disposed in the sub-chamber 22. The sub-chamber 22 functions to gasify and melt the solid particles W3 that cannot be captured as the molten slag S1 in the main chamber 21 and flow into the sub-chamber portion 50. That is, the high-temperature air injected from the injection device 6 collides with the solid particles W3, the unburned portion of the solid particles W3 burns, and the thermally decomposable solid particles W3 are thermally decomposed. The residue deposited on the bottom of the pot 51 is converted into molten slag by the heat of combustion of the solid particles W3 and the pyrolysis gas, and the molten slag S2 is cooled and solidified by stopping the waste treatment device. The pot 51 has a connecting means 52 similar to the connecting means 27 described above, is removed by releasing the connecting means 52, and the solidified material in the pot 51 is taken out of the pot 24 and discarded.
[0039]
In this embodiment, the furnace axis of the first incinerator is oriented vertically. A slag port 60 is provided at the bottom of the main chamber 21, and a cooling device 61 having a cooling water bath 62 is disposed in association with the slag port 60.
[0040]
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a waste disposal device showing a modification of the sub chamber 22.
As shown in FIG. 7, the sub-chamber portion 50 is eccentric with respect to the sub-chamber 22, and the kinetic energy of the gas flow flowing into the sub-chamber 22 forms a swirling flow in the sub-chamber 22. Can improve the collection efficiency of solids. It is desirable that the high-temperature air injection device 6 be oriented in a direction inclined with respect to the central axis of the sub-chamber 22, as shown in FIG.
[0041]
FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the upper portion of the main chamber illustrating the positional relationship between the opening 25 arranged above the main chamber 21 and the injection port 40 of the high-temperature air injection device 4.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show a configuration in which a single and circular injection port 40 is arranged adjacent to the opening 25. In FIG. 8 (C) and FIG. 8 (B). FIGS. 8D and 8B show a configuration in which a plurality of circular injection ports 40 are arranged adjacent to the opening 25. FIG. In either case, the hot air jet flows across the opening 25 to recirculate the gas stream that is about to enter the opening 25 and direct it to the bottom of the main chamber. With the negative pressure of the exhaust fan (FIGS. 1 and 2) acting on the main chamber 21 and the increase in the amount of gas in the main chamber 21, the gas in the furnace in the main chamber 21 is directly acted on by the hot air jet. It flows into the opening 25 through the hard-to-reach area and flows out to the sub chamber 22.
[0042]
As described above, the preferred embodiments and examples of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, but falls within the scope of the present invention described in the claims. It is needless to say that various modifications or changes are possible, and such modifications or changes are also included in the scope of the present invention.
[0043]
For example, in the above embodiment, the high-temperature air was used as the high-temperature oxidizing agent. ₂ , N ₂ , Ar, flue gas, water vapor, or other gas containing a certain concentration of oxygen, and any mixed gas heated to a high temperature of 500 ° C. or higher may be used as the high-temperature oxidizing agent.
[0044]
Further, the number, shape, arrangement, and the like of the oxidizing agent injection ports can be appropriately changed according to the shape, position, and the like of the combustion chamber and the opening.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the above configuration of the present invention, infectious waste containing a substance that is difficult to crush and melt, such as a metal piece, is subjected to high-temperature treatment without crushing or pre-combustion, And a waste disposal apparatus capable of economically forming an ultra-high temperature field suitable for complete sterilization of the waste.
Further, according to the configuration of the present invention employing the process including the process of raising the temperature of the exhaust gas by the tertiary combustion chamber and the process of rapidly cooling the high-temperature exhaust gas by the cooling device, it is possible to prevent the generation of dioxin in such a waste treatment device. Can be.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system flow diagram showing an overall configuration of an infectious waste treatment apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a system flow diagram showing an overall configuration of an infectious waste treatment apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of the waste disposal apparatus according to the embodiment shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along lines AA and BB in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of the waste disposal apparatus according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a waste disposal device showing a modification of the sub chamber.
FIG. 8 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the upper portion of the main chamber, illustrating a positional relationship between an opening disposed in the upper portion of the main chamber and an injection port of the high-temperature air injection device.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Primary combustion furnace
2: Secondary combustion furnace
3: Tertiary combustion furnace
4: High-temperature air injection device
6: second high-temperature air injection device
10: Primary combustion chamber
20: Secondary combustion chamber
21: Main room
22: Deputy room
25: Opening
30: Tertiary combustion chamber
40: injection port
50: sub chamber

Claims (11)

In waste treatment equipment that incinerates waste in a high-temperature furnace atmosphere,
A primary combustion chamber equipped with a burner device, which heats waste into small pieces,
A main chamber of a secondary combustion chamber that oxidizes small pieces of waste dropped from the primary combustion chamber, burns combustibles, gasifies pyrolyzable solids, and turns molten slag of heat-meltable solids,
Having a tertiary combustion chamber for completely burning the gasified gas of the secondary combustion chamber,
The secondary combustion chamber has a sub-chamber that feeds the gasified gas of the main chamber to the tertiary combustion chamber, and an upstream end opening of the sub-chamber opens to the furnace wall of the main chamber,
The main chamber has a high-temperature oxidant injection device for blowing a high-speed jet of a high-temperature oxidant into the main chamber, and the high-temperature oxidant is a gas having a temperature of 500 ° C. or more and an oxygen concentration of 1 to 30%. And an injection port of the injection device injects the high-speed jet so as to be adjacent to the opening and cross the opening, and an ungasified mist of waste that has fallen from the primary combustion chamber into the main chamber. And preventing unmelted scattered solid particles or fly ash from passing through the main chamber and blowing through the opening, and forming the ungasified mist and unmelted scattered solid particles or fly ash into the main chamber. Waste treatment characterized in that it is arranged on the furnace wall of the main chamber so as to recirculate toward the bottom, and the furnace area of the main chamber maintains a temperature of 1000 ° C. or more due to the heat generated by the waste. apparatus. The tertiary combustion chamber has a combustion air injection device that injects combustion air into the tertiary combustion chamber, and the combustible portion of the gasified gas that has flowed into the tertiary combustion chamber is different from the combustion air of the combustion air injection device. Reaction and complete combustion, the temperature of the exhaust gas in the tertiary combustion chamber is raised to a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher, and the high-temperature exhaust gas in the tertiary combustion chamber is supplied to a cooling device. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the waste treatment apparatus is rapidly cooled to the following temperature. An oxygen concentration control means for controlling an oxygen concentration of the high-temperature oxidant to an arbitrary value within a range of 5 to 30%; The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nitrogen oxide content is controlled. The secondary chamber of the secondary combustion chamber includes a second high-temperature oxidant injection device that blows a high-speed jet of a high-temperature oxidant into the main chamber, and the solid that flows into the sub-chamber through the sub-chamber portion having the opening. The waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the component reacts with a high-temperature oxidant injected by the second injection device and burns or thermally decomposes. The sub-chamber has a cross-sectional shape capable of forming a swirling flow of a gas flow flowing into the sub-chamber, and the second high-temperature oxidant injection device generates a high-speed jet to form a swirling flow in the sub-chamber. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the waste is ejected. In order to discharge the solid slag deposited on the bottom of the main chamber, the lower part of the main chamber is formed in a detachable pot structure or provided with a slag port having a cooling means. The waste disposal device according to claim 1. In order to discharge the solid slag deposited on the bottom of the sub-chamber, the lower portion of the sub-chamber is formed in a detachable pot structure or has a slag port provided with a cooling means. The waste disposal device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein The main chamber of the secondary combustion chamber has an auxiliary burner device capable of supplying auxiliary fuel to the main chamber to make up for a shortage of heat generated by the waste. 2. The waste disposal apparatus according to claim 1. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the auxiliary burner device is controlled to operate in association with a furnace temperature of the main chamber. The sub-chamber of the secondary combustion chamber has an auxiliary burner device capable of supplying auxiliary fuel to the sub-chamber for stabilizing the temperature of gasified gas flowing into the tertiary combustion chamber. The waste disposal apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9. The waste treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature oxidant injection apparatus includes a monitoring mechanism that monitors a state in the furnace visually or by an imaging unit.

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