CN113399431A - Solid waste treatment method and treatment device - Google Patents
Solid waste treatment method and treatment device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113399431A CN113399431A CN202110685867.5A CN202110685867A CN113399431A CN 113399431 A CN113399431 A CN 113399431A CN 202110685867 A CN202110685867 A CN 202110685867A CN 113399431 A CN113399431 A CN 113399431A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- reaction chamber
- solid waste
- temperature
- solid
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/58—Construction or demolition [C&D] waste
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a treatment method and a treatment device for solid waste, wherein the treatment method comprises the following steps: step 1: taking solid waste and placing the solid waste in a closed reaction chamber; step 2: heating the reaction chamber until the temperature in the reaction chamber reaches 1300-1800 ℃, preserving heat and retting for 18-20h, and performing full dry distillation reduction treatment on the solid waste through continuous high temperature to obtain mixed gas, steam and solid reactants with stable state and balanced composition components; and step 3: and (3) injecting liquid nitrogen into the reaction chamber after the reaction chamber is cooled to a preset temperature, rapidly cooling the reaction chamber through the liquid nitrogen, performing low-temperature quenching fusion treatment on the mixed gas, the steam and the solid reactant obtained in the step (2), and recovering to obtain condensate and quenched solid particles. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low operation cost, small environmental destruction and high garbage treatment efficiency, and can be widely applied to urban and rural small-batch garbage treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and particularly relates to a treatment method and a treatment device for solid waste.
Background
With the development of social economy in China, the material conditions are more and more abundant, the urban and rural construction process is accelerated continuously, so that the quantity of domestic garbage in urban and rural areas in China is increased continuously, and in the present stage, the garbage disposal problem in urban and rural areas is solved basically by projects such as large-scale garbage incineration power generation and the like.
Due to the problems of urban and rural quantity and geographical distribution, urban and rural garbage in China has the problems of large annual output, extremely dispersed distribution and small quantity of garbage at a single position. The centralized processing mode has higher requirements on mechanical equipment, a plurality of rural areas do not have equipment purchasing conditions, and the garbage needs to be transported, so that a large amount of transportation cost is required, and secondary pollution is easily caused; the distributed treatment mode is limited by factors such as treatment technology, hardware facilities and the like in rural areas, and mainly depends on methods such as burning, composting and landfill, wherein the landfill method and the burning method occupy large-area land resources, and can also influence the soil quality, underground water environment and air environment of the area, thereby being not beneficial to improving the living environment of residents; the composting technology has a long period, a slow treatment speed and limitations, and cannot meet the increasing treatment requirements of domestic garbage in urban and rural areas. In summary, urban and rural areas in China face situations of overlarge domestic garbage yield, overlow garbage treatment efficiency and laggard treatment mode.
Chinese patent CN102389887A discloses a method for high-temperature treatment and ultrahigh-temperature plasma gasification of municipal domestic waste, which specifically comprises the following steps: the domestic garbage is subjected to high-temperature sterilization by utilizing high-temperature steam, the domestic garbage is conveyed into a drying furnace to be dried after the high-temperature sterilization is completed, the dried domestic garbage is firstly subjected to winnowing and crushing, the sorted combustible substances meeting the RDF3 standard are subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis in a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace, the fuel gas extracted from the high-temperature pyrolysis gas furnace is subjected to macromolecule and micromolecule pyrolysis by utilizing an ultrahigh-temperature arc plasma torch through a plasma bin, and the fuel gas conveyed from the plasma bin is guided to a gas generator set to generate power. The method mainly comprises a high-temperature cracking step and a gas treatment step, so that the whole equipment is high in manufacturing cost and large in occupied area, and is not suitable for treating small-area and small-batch garbage.
Therefore, in view of the above disadvantages, the present invention is urgently needed to provide a method and an apparatus for treating solid waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for treating solid waste so as to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by urban and rural waste incineration treatment in the prior art.
The invention provides a method for treating solid waste, which comprises the following steps: step 1: taking solid waste and placing the solid waste in a closed reaction chamber; step 2: heating the reaction chamber until the temperature in the reaction chamber reaches 1300-1800 ℃, keeping the temperature in the reaction chamber warm and retting for 18-20h, and performing full dry distillation reduction treatment on the solid waste through the high temperature in the reaction chamber to obtain mixed gas, steam and solid reactants with stable and balanced composition components; and step 3: and (3) injecting liquid nitrogen into the reaction chamber after the reaction chamber is cooled to a preset temperature, rapidly cooling the reaction chamber by the liquid nitrogen to avoid generating dioxin, carrying out low-temperature quenching fusion treatment on the mixed gas, the steam and the solid reactant obtained in the step (2), and recovering to obtain condensate and brittle solid particles.
In the method for treating solid waste described above, it is further preferable that step 1 specifically includes: step 1.1: taking and sorting solid wastes, and extracting recyclable wastes in the solid wastes; step 2.1: and (3) placing the solid wastes sorted out in the step 1.1 into a closed reaction chamber.
In the method for treating solid waste as described above, it is further preferable that the step 2 specifically includes: step 2.1: heating the reaction chamber until the temperature in the reaction chamber reaches 1300-1800 ℃; step 2.2: the solid waste is hot-retted for 18-20h in a high-temperature closed space of the reaction chamber, and full dry distillation reduction reaction is carried out to obtain mixed gas, steam and solid reactant with stable state and balanced composition components.
In the method for treating solid waste described above, it is further preferable that step 3 specifically includes: step 3.1: monitoring the temperature in the reaction chamber, injecting a small amount of liquid nitrogen into the reaction chamber for multiple times when the temperature is reduced to a preset temperature, rapidly cooling the reaction chamber by the liquid nitrogen to avoid generating dioxin, fusing the mixed gas obtained in the step 2, and quenching the solid reactant obtained in the step 2 to obtain condensate and solid residue; step 3.2: cutting the solid residue obtained in the step 3.1 to obtain brittle solid particles; step 3.3: recovering the condensate obtained in step 3.1 and the embrittled solid particles obtained in step 3.2.
The method for treating solid waste as described above further preferably further includes the step 4: and (4) introducing spray water into the reaction chamber treated in the step (3) until the inner wall of the reaction chamber is cleaned.
The invention also discloses a solid waste treatment device, which is used for realizing the solid waste treatment method, and comprises the following steps: the reaction kettle comprises a kettle body and a kettle cover, wherein the kettle body is provided with a reaction chamber, and a feeding hole, an injection hole and a discharge hole which are communicated with the reaction chamber; the reaction chamber is used for treating solid waste, the feed inlet is hermetically connected with the kettle cover, the discharge outlet is provided with a valve, and the injection inlet is connected with external injection equipment; the heating assembly is arranged in the reaction chamber of the kettle body and is suitable for heating the reaction chamber; and the temperature measuring instrument is arranged in the reaction chamber of the kettle body, is positioned on the periphery of the injection port and is suitable for detecting the temperature in the reaction chamber.
The solid waste treatment device further preferably further comprises a blade filter screen, wherein the blade filter screen is arranged at the lower part of the reaction chamber and is suitable for dividing the reaction chamber into a reaction area and a collection area; the reaction area is positioned above the collecting area, and the heating assembly and the temperature measuring instrument are both positioned in the reaction area.
In the solid waste treatment apparatus, it is further preferable that the kettle body is hexagonal prism-shaped, and a side wall of the kettle body sequentially includes a heat insulation layer, and a working layer from outside to inside.
In the solid waste treatment apparatus described above, it is further preferable that the heat insulating layer is made of any one of rock wool, refractory fiber, and a nano heat insulating material; the heat insulation layer is made of refractory bricks and heat insulation castable; the working layer is a heat-conducting coating.
In the solid waste treatment apparatus as described above, it is further preferable that the heating unit includes a lighter and a heat conduction column; the heat-conducting columns are vertically arranged on the inner wall of the reaction chamber; the igniter is arranged above the reaction chamber in a mode that the nozzle faces downwards.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the solid waste treatment method disclosed by the invention mainly comprises the following steps: creating a closed environment for the solid waste; the method creates high-temperature (1300-1800 ℃) heat-preservation (18-20h) reaction conditions for the solid waste in the closed environment, so that the dry distillation pyrolysis process is fully and thoroughly completed, and stable state and balanced combined components can be obtained. Obtaining mixed gas, steam and solid reactant, and well depositing dust particles generated in the hot retting process in the long-time heat-preservation retting process; the reaction chamber is rapidly cooled by injecting liquid nitrogen to avoid generating dioxin, a low-temperature (-195.8 ℃) processing environment is created for reaction products in a closed environment, the reaction products are quenched and fused at low temperature through the liquid nitrogen, and condensed absorption liquid and quenched solid particles are obtained by recycling. The invention combines high temperature treatment and low temperature treatment, and thoroughly sterilizes various pathogens by using high temperature and low temperature. Under the condition that new substances are avoided in a closed space, part of tissue structures in the solid waste are changed into gas from solid state and then are converted into collectable liquid state under the action of liquid nitrogen, and harmful heavy metals in the solid waste are solidified in a vitreous body structure, so that on one hand, the generation of new pollutants is avoided, and on the other hand, the volume reduction can reach 95%. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low operation cost, small environmental destruction and high garbage treatment efficiency, and can be widely applied to urban and rural small-batch garbage treatment. The treatment method and the treatment device disclosed by the invention can realize the on-site treatment of small-scale solid waste without transferring or filling ground, can be suitable for rural towns, and can realize daily production and daily cleaning of the solid waste. And the whole process has no smoke and dust emission, a chimney is not needed, the emission limit value of harmful substances is far lower than the emission limit value standard of harmful wastes in China, and any harmful gas and dust are not emitted to the atmosphere.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for treating solid waste according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view showing a solid waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the autoclave body.
Description of reference numerals:
10-a kettle body, 11-a heat insulation layer, 12-a heat insulation layer, 13-a working layer, 14-an injection port, 15-a reaction chamber, 16-a blade filter screen and 17-a collection box;
20-kettle cover; 30-a base; 41-igniter and 42-heat conducting column.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the method for treating solid waste disclosed in this embodiment includes the following steps:
step 1: taking solid waste and placing the solid waste in a closed reaction chamber 15;
step 2: heating the reaction chamber 15 until the temperature in the reaction chamber 15 reaches 1300-1800 ℃, keeping warm after stopping heating for retting for 18-20h, and performing full dry distillation reduction treatment on the solid waste through the high temperature in the reaction chamber 15 to obtain mixed gas, steam and solid reactants with stable and balanced composition components;
and step 3: and (3) injecting liquid nitrogen into the reaction chamber 15 after the reaction chamber 15 is cooled to a preset temperature, rapidly cooling the reaction chamber by the liquid nitrogen to avoid generating dioxin, carrying out low-temperature quenching fusion treatment on the mixed gas, the steam and the solid reactant obtained in the step (2), and recovering to obtain condensate and embrittled solid particles.
Further, step 1 specifically includes:
step 1.1: taking and sorting solid wastes, and extracting recyclable wastes in the solid wastes;
step 2.1: the remaining solid waste sorted in step 1.1 is placed in a closed reaction chamber 15.
The step 1 is mainly used for extracting recyclable waste in the solid waste, wherein the recyclable waste comprises paper, recyclable plastic and metal solid waste. On one hand, the method is used for reducing the treatment capacity of solid waste garbage, on the other hand, the method is also used for recycling recyclable waste, and the utilization rate of the waste is improved.
Further, step 2 specifically includes:
step 2.1: heating the reaction chamber 15 until the temperature in the reaction chamber 15 reaches 1300-1800 ℃;
step 2.2: the solid waste is thermally insulated and retted for 18-20h in a high-temperature closed space of the reaction chamber 15, and the dry distillation reduction reaction is fully performed to obtain mixed gas, steam and solid reactant with stable state and balanced composition components.
The main purpose of step 2.1 is to provide a high-heat environment for heating the reaction chamber, so as to allow the solid waste in the closed reaction chamber to undergo dry distillation and hot retting in the high-heat environment, i.e. complete dry distillation reduction reaction, specifically, in this embodiment, the temperature of the reaction chamber is the temperature of the solid waste, the reaction chamber is heated until the temperature of the solid waste reaches 1300-1800 ℃, optionally about 1300 ℃, then the heating is stopped and the heat preservation is performed by means of the outer wall structure of the reaction chamber, so that the internal temperature of the reaction chamber can be naturally cooled in the heat preservation state. Therefore, the destructive distillation pyrolysis process can be completely finished, stable state and balanced composition can be finally obtained, harmful substances such as dioxin and the like can not be generated, and the total amount of harmful residues is far lower than the environmentally acceptable emission standard. The dry distillation reduction reaction of the solid waste is started from the time of temperature rise until the reaction is completed or the temperature is reduced to a preset temperature. The dry distillation reduction reaction is a reaction process in which solid or organic matter is heated and decomposed under the condition of air isolation (without oxygen or oxygen), and specifically, the solid waste or organic matter specifically undergoes reactions such as dehydration, pyrolysis, dehydrogenation, thermal condensation and the like. Specifically, with the rise of temperature, reactants in the reaction chamber are firstly dehydrated and decomposed to generate macromolecular volatile matters; with the continuous increase of the temperature, the bond in the macromolecular volatile substance is broken to obtain a liquid organic substance; when the temperature is further raised, along with the precipitation of organic matters and water in the reactants, the residual substances are thermally shrunk into colloid and are gradually solidified. In addition, in order to guarantee that solid waste is retted fully thoroughly and the resultant is stable at the indoor high temperature heat of reaction, on the one hand, can improve the heating temperature in the reaction chamber, and then make solid waste follow long chain structure and turn into short chain structure, turn into stable gaseous structure from unstable gaseous structure, and then realize minimizing and innoxious. On the other hand, the reaction chamber needs to be subjected to heat preservation treatment, so that the reaction chamber can be naturally cooled in a heat preservation state, and further, the solid waste in the reaction chamber can be sufficiently and thoroughly reacted, the specific reaction time can be determined according to the type of the solid waste, and preferably, the treatment cycle of the treatment method in the embodiment is 24 hours, wherein the treatment time of the step 2 is 18-20 hours. Through long-time high-temperature hot retting, the solid waste is high in decomposition conversion rate, full in dry distillation and pyrolysis, good in volume reduction, few in obtained product, high in purity, very few in residue, almost all in organic matter is refined and decomposed, and the inorganic matter is solidified. Moreover, the synthesis gas of the pyrolysis product of the dry distillation contains dust particles, and the particles can be well deposited in the full hot retting process.
Further, step 3 specifically includes:
step 3.1: monitoring the temperature in the reaction chamber 15, injecting a small amount of liquid nitrogen into the reaction chamber 15 for multiple times when the temperature is reduced to a preset temperature, rapidly cooling the reaction chamber by the liquid nitrogen to avoid generation of dioxin, fusing the mixed gas obtained in the step 2 in the reaction chamber 15, and quenching the solid reactant obtained in the step 2 to obtain a condensate and solid residues;
step 3.2: cutting the solid residue obtained in the step 3.1 to obtain brittle solid particles;
step 3.3: recovering the condensate obtained in step 3.1 and the quenched solid particles obtained in step 3.2.
And 3.1, injecting liquid nitrogen for a few times when the temperature of the reaction chamber is reduced to the preset temperature, specifically, injecting liquid nitrogen into the reaction chamber when the temperature of the reaction chamber is reduced to about 450 ℃ in practical application, and rapidly reducing the temperature to 200 ℃. The total injection amount is calculated mainly according to the expansion rate of nitrogen and the volume of the reaction chamber (one liter of liquid nitrogen can be converted into 0.65 cubic gas), and multiple injections are mainly used for avoiding the pressure intensity of the reaction chamber from being changed violently caused by the massive gasification of the liquid nitrogen, and specifically, the injection amount can be two times, three times or more. The purpose of injecting liquid nitrogen is mainly to utilize the characteristic of liquid nitrogen to treat the dry distillation reduction products. On one hand, the liquid nitrogen has ultralow temperature (-195.8 ℃), and can quickly cool the reaction chamber and carry out harmless low-temperature sterilization on reaction products; on one hand, the liquid nitrogen temperature is extremely low, a large amount of heat needs to be absorbed during gasification, the temperature in the reaction chamber can be quickly reduced, the generation of dioxin at the temperature of 250-450 ℃ is avoided, and the generation of harmful products is further reduced; on the other hand, liquid nitrogen has a much lower boiling point than most gaseous products (H)2、N2、H2S、CO、CO2) So that H can be dissolved2Most harmful gases except the harmful gases are recovered, and H which cannot be recovered is recovered2Is harmless gas and can be directly discharged; in another aspect, liquid nitrogen is a low-temperature medium and can be used as a fast cooling agent to granulate solid residues in the retort reduction reaction.
Boiling point of different gases
Step 3.2 is mainly used for further processing of the solid reactant, so that the solid residue with larger volume is reduced in volume, and the collection in step 3.3 is convenient.
Further, this embodiment further includes step 4: and (3) introducing spray water into the reaction chamber 15 treated in the step (3) until the inner wall of the reaction chamber 15 is cleaned.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the present embodiment also discloses a solid waste treatment apparatus for implementing the solid waste treatment method according to embodiment 1, including:
the reaction kettle comprises a kettle body 10 and a kettle cover 20, wherein the kettle body 10 is provided with a reaction chamber 15, and a feeding hole, an injection hole 14 and a discharging hole which are communicated with the reaction chamber 15; the reaction chamber 15 is used for treating solid waste, the feed inlet is hermetically connected with the kettle cover 20, the discharge outlet is provided with a valve, and the injection inlet 14 is connected with an external injection device;
the heating assembly is arranged in the reaction chamber 15 of the kettle body 10 and is suitable for heating the reaction chamber 15;
and the temperature measuring instrument is arranged in the reaction chamber 15 of the kettle body 10, is positioned at the periphery of the injection port 14, and is suitable for detecting the temperature in the reaction chamber 15.
In this embodiment, the kettle 10 is used to provide the reaction chamber 15, the heating assembly is adapted to provide a high temperature environment for the reaction chamber 15, the injection port 14 is adapted to provide a low temperature environment by being connected to an external injection device, and the temperature measuring instrument is used to monitor the temperature of the reaction chamber 15. In the application process, the reaction chamber 15 is heated to a high temperature through the heating assembly, so that the solid waste in the reaction chamber 15 is subjected to dry distillation reduction reaction, the solid waste is cooled after long-time hot retting and full and thorough reaction, liquid nitrogen is injected through an external injection device when the temperature measured by the temperature measuring instrument is reduced to a preset temperature, and the reaction chamber is rapidly cooled by the liquid nitrogen to avoid generating dioxin and treat the product obtained through the dry distillation reduction reaction. The invention integrates high-temperature treatment and low-temperature treatment in the same reaction kettle through the equipment, reduces equipment and operation cost, has thorough and full reaction, stable and balanced reactants, emission limit of harmful substances far lower than the emission limit standard of harmful wastes in China, no smoke and dust, and does not need dust removal and smoke treatment equipment with high investment and maintenance cost.
Further, the treatment device also comprises a blade filter screen 16, wherein the blade filter screen 16 is arranged at the lower part of the reaction chamber 15 and is suitable for dividing the reaction chamber 15 into a reaction area and a collection area; the reaction area is positioned above the collecting area, and the heating assembly and the temperature measuring instrument are both positioned in the reaction area. The blade filter screen 16 is suitable for cutting and filtering, namely, solid waste residues subjected to embrittlement treatment in an upper reaction zone are cut into small blocks, and the cut small blocks fall down between two adjacent blades so as to be convenient for subsequent collection. Further, the blade filter screen 16 can also be used in conjunction with a material returning device which provides downward pressure for solid waste residues.
Further, the kettle body 10 is in a hexagonal prism shape, and the side wall of the kettle body 10 sequentially comprises a heat insulation layer 11, a heat insulation layer 12 and a working layer 13 from outside to inside. Further, the heat insulation layer 11 is made of any one of rock wool, refractory fiber or nano heat insulation material; the heat insulation layer 12 is made of refractory bricks and heat insulation castable; the working layer 13 is a heat conductive coating. Wherein the heat insulating layer 12 is a main structure of the reactor body 10, is used for constructing the reaction chamber 15, and is made of refractory bricks or heat insulating castable based on high temperature reaction conditions. The insulating layer 11 is used for heat preservation and insulation, avoids the temperature loss too fast in the cauldron body 10 on the one hand, and on the other hand then reduces the influence of high temperature in the cauldron body 10 to the environment, avoids the high temperature injury. The working layer 13 is a heat-conducting coating which is mainly formed by brushing heat-conducting paint with the chromium oxide content of 50-70%, and the thickness of the coating is 10-20 mm. The working layer 13 is mainly used for heat transfer, and specifically, is used for transferring heat above the reaction chamber 15 to solid waste below the reaction chamber 15, so as to avoid the problems of excessive temperature difference and low thermal efficiency of the reaction chamber 15. The hexagonal prism structure can maximize the volume of the reaction chamber of the brick structure, and preferably, the volume of the reaction chamber is 10-15m32-5t of solid waste can be treated.
Further, the heating assembly comprises a lighter 41 and a heat conducting column 42; the heat-conducting columns 42 are vertically arranged on the inner wall of the reaction chamber 15; the igniter 41 is disposed above the reaction chamber 15 with its nozzle facing downward. The number of the heat conduction columns 42 is six, and the six heat conduction columns 42 are respectively positioned at the corners connected with the inner side surface of the kettle body 10; the number of the igniters 41 is plural, and the igniters 41 are vertically arranged above the reaction zone. In this embodiment, the ignitor 41 is located at the upper part and is fired once every few seconds, the firing speed of the ignitor 41 is extremely fast, but the firing speed is also fast, because the reaction chamber 15 is a closed space, the oxygen content is insufficient, the combustion cannot be generated, but the high temperature can be instantaneously reached in the reaction chamber 15. And the heat-conducting column 42 is used for conducting the temperature of the upper part of the reaction chamber 15 to the solid waste.
Further, the igniter 41 is a pulsed high temperature igniter 41 adapted to heat at least the reaction zone to 1800 ℃. In this embodiment, the temperature required for the reaction of the solid waste is about 1300 ℃, and the igniter 41 is located above the reaction chamber 15, so that the temperature environment required by the igniter 41 is 1800 ℃ in consideration of heat conduction, energy efficiency and heat loss.
Further, the reactor also comprises a spraying assembly which is arranged in the reaction chamber 15 and is suitable for providing spraying water for the reaction chamber 15. The spray assembly is mainly used to clean the reaction chamber 15 and promote the gasification of the non-gasified liquid nitrogen.
In the above embodiment, the refractory brick, the blade filter 16 and the igniter 41 are all non-calibrated components so as to meet the temperature requirements of the present embodiment.
In addition, the processing device also comprises a base 30 for placing the kettle body 10. Specifically, the part of the kettle body 10 located on the base 30 is a collection box 17. The base is used for lifting the kettle body 10, so that the collection of subsequent reaction products is facilitated.
Further, the embodiment also discloses a use method of the treatment device for solid waste treatment, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, simply sorting the solid waste, extracting recyclable waste, and putting the extracted solid waste into the kettle body 10 from a feed inlet; covering a kettle cover 20 to enable the reaction chamber 15 of the reaction kettle to be in a sealed state so as to isolate air;
then starting the igniters 41, starting the four igniters 41 simultaneously, discharging fire once every few seconds, wherein the ignition speed of the igniters 41 is extremely high, but the discharge speed is also high, and because the reaction chamber 15 is a closed space, the oxygen content is insufficient, combustion cannot be generated, but the temperature in the reaction chamber 15 can reach high temperature instantly; the heat energy is rapidly transferred downwards along the six heat-conducting columns 42, so that the whole reaction chamber 15 is in a high-temperature state, and the igniter 41 is closed until the temperature in the reaction chamber 15 reaches 1300 ℃ measured by a temperature measuring instrument at the bottom end of the reaction chamber 15. A high-temperature hot retting space is formed in the reaction chamber 15, and the solid waste is subjected to full dry distillation and hot retting for 18-20 h. And naturally annealing and cooling after the reaction is finished. In the process, the dry distillation pyrolysis process is fully and thoroughly completed, stable state and balanced composition can be obtained, and the emission limit value of harmful substances is far lower than the emission limit value standard of harmful wastes in China. The synthetic gas of the dry distillation pyrolysis product contains particles, and the particles are well deposited in the full hot retting process.
When the temperature detector detects that the temperature is raised to a preset temperature, which is 450 ℃ in the embodiment, liquid nitrogen is injected into the reaction chamber 15 through the injection port 14, wherein the injection amount of the liquid nitrogen is calculated by the expansion rate of the container in the reaction chamber 15 and the liquid nitrogen (one liter of liquid nitrogen can be converted into 0.65 cubic gas), the reaction chamber is rapidly cooled by the liquid nitrogen to avoid generating dioxin, and the solid waste reactant after dry distillation hot retting is absorbed, washed, quenched and embrittled. After full pyrolysis, gas, vitreous body and few tar-like substances are generated and are washed and absorbed by liquid nitrogen, and finally, the products are liquid and solid.
Harmful components such as heavy metals in the solid waste are fixed in the glass black crystals, become brittle after being subjected to liquid nitrogen low-temperature quick freezing, are cut into small pieces through the blade filter screen 16, and fall into the collecting region. In the process, the spraying assembly is used for secondarily reducing the gas concentration and cleaning the inner wall of the disposer, and the water spraying can accelerate the evaporation of liquid nitrogen and remove a small amount of hydrochloric acid, dust and the like to play a role in washing gas.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for treating solid waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: taking solid waste and placing the solid waste in a closed reaction chamber;
step 2: heating the reaction chamber until the temperature in the reaction chamber reaches 1300-1800 ℃, keeping the temperature for retting for 18-20h after stopping heating, and performing dry distillation reduction treatment on the solid waste through the high temperature in the reaction chamber to obtain mixed gas, steam and solid reactants with stable and balanced composition components;
and step 3: and (3) injecting liquid nitrogen into the reaction chamber after the reaction chamber is cooled to a preset temperature, cooling the reaction chamber through the liquid nitrogen, performing low-temperature quenching fusion treatment on the mixed gas, the steam and the solid reactant obtained in the step (2), and recovering to obtain condensate and quenched solid particles.
2. The method for treating solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 comprises:
step 1.1: taking and sorting solid wastes, and extracting recyclable wastes in the solid wastes;
step 2.1: and (3) placing the solid wastes sorted out in the step 1.1 into a closed reaction chamber.
3. The method for treating solid waste according to claim 2, wherein the step 2 comprises:
step 2.1: heating the reaction chamber until the temperature in the reaction chamber reaches 1300-1800 ℃, stopping heating, and keeping warm for retting for 18-20 h;
step 2.2: the solid waste is subjected to dry distillation reduction reaction in a high-temperature closed space of the reaction chamber to obtain mixed gas, steam and solid reactants with stable and balanced combined components.
4. The method for treating solid waste according to claim 3, wherein the step 3 comprises:
step 3.1: monitoring the temperature in the reaction chamber, injecting a small amount of liquid nitrogen into the reaction chamber for multiple times when the temperature is reduced to a preset temperature, cooling the reaction chamber through the liquid nitrogen, fusing the mixed gas obtained in the step 2 of the reaction chamber, and quenching and embrittling the solid reactant obtained in the step 2 to obtain a condensate and a solid residue;
step 3.2: cutting the solid residue obtained in the step 3.1 to obtain brittle solid particles;
step 3.3: recovering the condensate obtained in step 3.1 and the quenched solid particles obtained in step 3.2.
5. The method for treating solid waste according to claim 4, further comprising the step of 4: and (4) introducing spray water into the reaction chamber treated in the step (3) until the inner wall of the reaction chamber is cleaned.
6. A solid waste treatment apparatus for the solid waste treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
the reaction kettle comprises a kettle body and a kettle cover, wherein the kettle body is provided with a reaction chamber, and a feeding hole, an injection hole and a discharge hole which are communicated with the reaction chamber; the reaction chamber is used for treating solid waste, the feed inlet is hermetically connected with the kettle cover, the discharge outlet is provided with a valve, and the injection inlet is connected with external injection equipment;
the heating assembly is arranged in the reaction chamber of the kettle body and is suitable for heating the reaction chamber;
and the temperature measuring instrument is arranged in the reaction chamber of the kettle body, is positioned on the periphery of the injection port and is suitable for detecting the temperature in the reaction chamber.
7. The apparatus for treating solid waste according to claim 6, further comprising a blade filter provided at a lower portion of the reaction chamber and adapted to divide the reaction chamber into a reaction area and a collection area; the reaction area is positioned above the collecting area, and the heating assembly and the temperature measuring instrument are both positioned in the reaction area.
8. The apparatus for treating solid waste according to claim 7, wherein the kettle body is hexagonal prism-shaped, and the side wall of the kettle body comprises a heat insulation layer, a heat insulation layer and a working layer in sequence from outside to inside.
9. The apparatus for treating solid waste according to claim 8, wherein the heat insulating layer is made of one of rock wool, refractory fiber and nano heat insulating material; the heat insulation layer is made of refractory bricks and heat insulation castable; the working layer is a heat-conducting coating.
10. The apparatus for processing solid waste of claim 9, wherein the heating assembly comprises a lighter and a heat conducting column; the heat-conducting columns are vertically arranged on the inner wall of the reaction chamber; the igniter is arranged above the reaction chamber in a mode that the nozzle faces downwards.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110685867.5A CN113399431B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Solid waste treatment method and treatment device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110685867.5A CN113399431B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Solid waste treatment method and treatment device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113399431A true CN113399431A (en) | 2021-09-17 |
| CN113399431B CN113399431B (en) | 2022-08-23 |
Family
ID=77682047
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110685867.5A Active CN113399431B (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Solid waste treatment method and treatment device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113399431B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004245520A (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2004-09-02 | Itaru Watanabe | Waste treatment equipment |
| CN201144219Y (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2008-11-05 | 周开根 | Gasification equipment for converting garbage biomass into high heat value synthesis gas |
| CN102389887A (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2012-03-28 | 陈开明 | High-temperature treatment and super-high-temperature plasma gasification method of municipal domestic wastes |
| CN104148358A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-11-19 | 浙江海亮固废处理科技有限公司 | Method and device for treating organic solid waste |
| CN106180136A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-07 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | A kind of solid waste recovery processing technique |
| CN109647850A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-19 | 上海金山环境再生能源有限公司 | The processing system of collaboration processing incineration of refuse flyash and garbage leachate |
| CN111550795A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-18 | 武汉丰盈能源技术工程有限公司 | Oxygen-deficient gasification plasma solid waste treatment system and method |
-
2021
- 2021-06-21 CN CN202110685867.5A patent/CN113399431B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004245520A (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2004-09-02 | Itaru Watanabe | Waste treatment equipment |
| CN201144219Y (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2008-11-05 | 周开根 | Gasification equipment for converting garbage biomass into high heat value synthesis gas |
| CN102389887A (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2012-03-28 | 陈开明 | High-temperature treatment and super-high-temperature plasma gasification method of municipal domestic wastes |
| CN104148358A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-11-19 | 浙江海亮固废处理科技有限公司 | Method and device for treating organic solid waste |
| CN106180136A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-07 | 环境保护部华南环境科学研究所 | A kind of solid waste recovery processing technique |
| CN109647850A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-19 | 上海金山环境再生能源有限公司 | The processing system of collaboration processing incineration of refuse flyash and garbage leachate |
| CN111550795A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-18 | 武汉丰盈能源技术工程有限公司 | Oxygen-deficient gasification plasma solid waste treatment system and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113399431B (en) | 2022-08-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101352721B (en) | Method for sequentially processing consumer waste | |
| US8419902B2 (en) | Method and system for wasteless processing and complete utilization of municipal and domestic wastes | |
| CN106493148A (en) | A kind of solid organic castoff gasification and melting circulating disposal process | |
| CN107513389B (en) | Carbonizing device capable of treating garbage | |
| CN102329652B (en) | Downdraft plasma garbage gasification reaction chamber and gasification process | |
| WO2010039165A1 (en) | Method, system, and reactor for processing and utilization of municipal and domestic wastes | |
| RU2616196C2 (en) | Structural scheme and environmentally safe method of processing wastes and biomass to increase efficiency of generating electric power and heat | |
| KR100469161B1 (en) | the waste rubber or waste tire resolution method and system by avail of microwave | |
| CN107699294B (en) | Green island type urban and rural organic waste harmless recycling treatment process | |
| CN105737163A (en) | Household garbage internal circulation sealed low-temperature pyrolysis system and method based on decoupling combustion | |
| CN103666505A (en) | Equipment for reducing and transforming household garbage or organic waste into energy resources | |
| CN104987871A (en) | Household garbage miniature continuous type self-heating movable horizontal dry distillation machine | |
| CN101962558B (en) | Biomass combustible gas high-temperature oxygen-free reinforced dry-distillation pyrolysis plant | |
| CN113399431B (en) | Solid waste treatment method and treatment device | |
| CN202881201U (en) | Hazardous waste gasifier with plasma torch heating system | |
| CN211119364U (en) | Domestic waste fast pyrolysis device | |
| CN207193184U (en) | Can rotten garbage disposal carbonizing plant | |
| CN215139937U (en) | Treatment device and treatment system for solid waste treatment | |
| CN217004472U (en) | Plasma gasification melting treatment system for combustible solid waste | |
| CN213901081U (en) | Useless processing apparatus of plasma schizolysis danger | |
| CN214693826U (en) | Sludge pyrolysis carbonization process system | |
| CN210921409U (en) | Low-temperature pyrolysis, oxygen isolation, carbonization and secondary combustion integrated device for household garbage | |
| CN210891664U (en) | Urban domestic garbage pyrolysis gasification power generation system | |
| CN218665673U (en) | Superconducting efficient harmless sludge treatment device | |
| CN219489905U (en) | Equipment for preparing burning charcoal and generating electricity by pyrolysis of garbage |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |