JP2004239026A - Building material and floor using it, wall and building structure such as passage - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve a workability, avoiding the warping of adjacent floor board materials in the case of the formation of a floor. <P>SOLUTION: Each of the floor board materials 12 constituting the floor 10 has an equal-leg trapezoidal sectional shape, and cut out so that wood surfaces are formed as board surfaces (wood-surface side board surfaces 13) on the trapezoidal top side sides and wood rears as board surfaces (wood-rear side board surfaces 14) on the trapezoidal base sides. Each floor board material 12 is arranged on the top face of a floor substrate 17, and one floor board material 12 is placed on the substrate 17 so that the board surface 14 is formed on the substrate 17 side in this case. The board surface 14 is joined so that the trapezoidal inclined plane 15 of the material 12 of the substrate 17 and that 15 of the adjacent material 12 are mutually superposed vertically while the next material 12 is placed on the substrate 17 so that the board surface 13 is formed on the substrate 17 side. The material 12 on the substrate 17 side is fixed onto the substrate 17 by a bolt 18 or the like in the board surface 13. The floor 10 is manufactured by repeating the process. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a building material that forms a building structure such as a floor, a wall, and a passage by arranging a plurality of building materials, and a building structure using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The floor, which is one of such architectural structures, is formed by arranging floorboards on a floor substrate and is rapidly spreading to residential houses, and is commonly used in public facilities such as schools. Such floorboards are broadly divided into plywood board and board cut out from wood such as logs. Until recently, the former plywood plate material was the mainstream, but since the plywood adhesive uses an organic solvent such as formaldehyde, the latter plate material that does not use such an organic solvent is often used from the viewpoint of emphasizing the living environment. It is getting. Wood cut out from wood has also attracted attention as an effective use of thinned wood (for example, Patent Document 1).
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-10-37348
[0003]
By the way, such building structures include floors, walls, ceilings, and other interior and exterior buildings, as well as walking paths such as promenades and crossing corridors.In these building structures, building materials such as cut-out boards are arranged side by side. Is formed. When joining adjacent building materials, a joint specification (honsane connection) is applied to the end surface of the building material by processing the unevenness as seen in the above publication, and the plate materials are joined and fixed firmly with the joint. ing.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the case of the conventional floor slabs, it takes time and effort to perform the joint processing, and even when arranging the floor slabs on the floor foundation, it is necessary to pay attention to the joint joining, and the construction is complicated. Note that such complexity is not unique to floor construction in which flooring materials are arranged, but also occurs in construction of building structures such as walls and passages in which building materials are arranged.
[0005]
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has as its object to provide a building material having high workability.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems and Their Functions and Effects]
In order to solve at least a part of the above problems, the present invention has the following configurations. That is, by arranging a plurality of the building materials of the present invention, in addition to building interiors and exteriors such as floors, walls and ceilings, as well as building structures such as promenades, walkways such as crossing corridors, the appearance of the building materials is improved. A first and a second main surface to be formed are provided to face each other in the longitudinal direction of the building material, and both ends of the first main surface in the width direction of the building material are provided with pressing portions capable of being pressed from above on the second main surface side. And projecting from both ends in the building material width direction.
[0007]
In making the first and second main surfaces face each other in the longitudinal direction of the building material, there is only a difference in the thickness of the building material at both ends in the width direction of the building material within a range that does not hinder practical use, and the thickness of the building material is substantially the same in each building material. It is preferable that the main surfaces are parallel to each other. In other words, assuming that the thickness of each building material is different and the main surfaces are not parallel to each other, if a plurality of building materials are arranged at the time of forming a building structure, a step between the building materials will occur when touching adjacent building materials with the building materials by hand. It is only necessary that the step does not feel uncomfortable when touched with the hand. In addition, such a range may be different depending on the building structure to be constructed. For example, on a floor, an inner wall of a building, and a ceiling, if such a step is about 0.1 to 0.3 mm, the main surfaces may be parallel to each other. There is no problem. In particular, since the passage is for walking by a person such as a promenade or a corridor, the passage may be a step that does not trip over when walking.
[0008]
Further, in such a building material of the present invention, since a plurality of the building materials are used side by side, the plate thickness is substantially the same for each building material as described above. Therefore, it is possible to use those having the same plate thickness for forming a building structure such as a floor or an inner wall, so that the external appearance surface (the floor surface for a floor, the wall surface for a wall) is preferable. In addition, it is also possible to standardize the plate thickness so that different types of building materials are used for different plate thicknesses. In this way, it is possible to provide various kinds of building types, for example, floor boards for general dwelling, floor boards for school classrooms, gymnasiums, etc., according to the board thickness.
[0009]
Then, in arranging the building materials, in the side-by-side state, the first main surface of one of the adjacent building materials is the exterior side of the building structure. In the other building material, the second main surface is on the appearance side of the building material structure and the first main surface is on the side opposite to this appearance so that the one building material is in an inverted posture. In addition, the pressing portions on the first main surface side of the building materials are vertically joined to each other. By repeating this, the building materials are sequentially arranged to complete the building structure.
[0010]
In the building structure completed in this way, a building material having a first main surface on the exterior side (hereinafter, referred to as a first main surface building material) and a building material having a second main surface on the exterior side (hereinafter, referred to as a second main surface building material). ) And are alternately arranged. Then, the pressing portions at both ends of the width of the building material on the first main surface on the appearance side of the first main surface building material press the second main surface building material on both sides of the building material. That is, in the case of the second main surface building material, both sides are pressed against the first main surface building material on both sides via the pressing portions.
[0011]
As described above, according to the present invention, the joint processing for joining adjacent building materials does not require a “main connection”, and includes both ends of the building material width on the first main surface side of the building material as pressing portions. What should I do? In addition, even when the building materials are arranged in a side-by-side state, the first main surface building materials and the second main surface building materials may be alternately arranged while joining the pressing parts so as to overlap each other vertically. As a result, it is not necessary to pay attention to joint joining when joining adjacent building materials, so that work is simplified, workability is improved, and cost is advantageous.
[0012]
The present invention can also adopt the following aspects. That is, the cross-sectional shape of the building material is a trapezoidal shape having inclined legs, the first main surface building material is the trapezoidal bottom side is the exterior side, and the second main surface building material is the trapezoidal top side is the exterior side. It became. Then, the building materials are sequentially arranged by repeating the parallel arrangement of the building materials so that the slopes of the adjacent building materials are joined up and down by using the slopes having a trapezoidal cross section as pressing portions, thereby completing the building structure.
[0013]
Even with the building structure of this aspect, the effects described above can be obtained as they are. And in this aspect, since a cross-sectional shape is a simple trapezoidal shape, there is an advantage that manufacturing of building materials becomes easy.
[0014]
Further, a gap can be continuously provided between the first and second main surfaces of the building material along the longitudinal direction of the building material. In this case, the space can be used as a space for passing hot or cold water for heating or cooling, or as a space for facility of the wiring cable. In the former case, cooling and heating can be achieved through the building material. In the latter case, a wiring cable facility is not required on the surface of the building material, and the appearance is improved.
[0015]
In this case, the building material may be fixed to another building material for fixing the building material, for example, a floor base, a trunk edge, or a field edge from the exterior side of the building material structure at a position that does not interfere with the gap. In this way, it is possible to prevent the leakage of hot and cold water existing in the gap, the breakage of the wiring cable, and the like.
[0016]
In addition, any of the building materials described above can be formed from any of a stone material, a concrete material, and a resin material. In the case of a stone material or a concrete material, the building material on both sides thereof can be held down by the pressing portion by the weight of the building material, so that it is not necessary to fix each building material. Moreover, if it is a concrete material or a resin material, formation of a void is easy.
[0017]
Further, the building material can be cut out of wood. In this case, the wooden surface and the wooden back are cut out as a board material of a cored material facing the wooden surface, and at the time of this cutting, the plate surface on the wooden back side of the wooden material is the first main surface, and the plate surface on the wooden front side is cut out. Is the second main surface. Then, in order to form a building structure by arranging the building materials on the base material for supporting the building materials, one of the adjacent building materials is joined to the base material such that the wooden back side plate surface is on the base material side. Thereby, the wooden surface side plate surface of this building material is set as the exterior side of the building structure. Next, the other building material is bonded to the base material such that the front surface of the wood is on the base material side, and the back surface of the wood is on the exterior side of the building structure. Then, the other building material is fixed to the base material, and the pressing portions of the building materials are joined so as to overlap with each other vertically. By repeating this, the building materials are sequentially arranged to complete the building structure.
[0018]
The building material as a cored material of the present invention is newly focused on a point that has not been considered at all in the past, such as whether the wood surface and back of the board material are to be the exterior side or the base material side of the building structure. And has the following advantages.
[0019]
Due to the nature of the tree, warping occurs in which the back of the tree extends and the front of the tree shrinks when viewed from the end of the building material due to the nature of the tree. Therefore, in the conventional floor slab, in order to cope with such a warp, as described in the above-mentioned publication, joint processing is applied to a joint between adjacent floor slabs, and the floor slabs are firmly joined and fixed with a joint. .
[0020]
However, in a building structure in which the above-mentioned building materials of the present invention are arranged, for example, a floor, the following is obtained.
In other words, in this floor, a building material (hereinafter referred to as a wood backing floor) is bonded to the floor base such that the back side of the wood is the base (floor base) side and the front side of the wood is the exterior side of the building structure (floor). A building material (hereinafter referred to as a "wood-bonded floor"), which is bonded and fixed to the floor base such that the wood surface side is the floor base side and the wood back side is the exterior side of the building structure (floor). (Referred to as plate materials) are alternately arranged. Then, the wooden back bonded floor slabs are pressed on both sides of the wooden base bonded floor slabs to the floor substrate side via the pressing portions.
[0021]
Because the floor side is a wooden surface, the wood-backed floorboard is warped such that the backside of the wood extends and the front side of the wood shrinks when viewed from the side of the board, that is, the pressing portions at both ends of the backside of the wooden board face the floor side. Attempts to lift and warp. However, such a warp is less likely to occur in the backside joined floorboards because the backside joined floorboards are pressed against the floor base side via the pressing portions by the front and backside floorboards on both sides thereof. The wood-bonded floorboards tend to cause the reverse warpage, but the warp is unlikely to occur because the wood-surface bonded floorboards are bonded and fixed to the floor substrate. In addition, the warping that the wood-surface bonded floorboard is going to cause is such that the pressing portions at both ends of the backside of the wooden surface are directed toward the floor base, so that the pressing portions on both sides of the wooden back-bonded floorboard are pressed toward the floor base. Attachment is lengthened, and the warpage of the wooden back bonded floorboard material is further reduced.
[0022]
As a result, according to the core material of one embodiment of the present invention, warpage of adjacent building materials can be effectively avoided, and the above-described effects such as improvement of workability and cost reduction can be achieved.
[0023]
Such a building material of the core material can be applied not only to the floor but also to a material used side by side with a base material (body edge or field edge) to form the inner and outer walls of the building.
[0024]
Further, in the above-described building material of the core material, upon cutting out, the cross-sectional shape is a trapezoidal shape having inclined legs, the wooden surface is a plate surface on the top side of the trapezoid, and the wooden back is the bottom side of the trapezoid. , And a slope having a trapezoidal cross section was used as the pressing portion. In this embodiment, when alternately joining building materials to the base material, the base material joining of the trapezoidal bottom side plate surface (ie, the wood back side plate surface) for one building material and the trapezoidal top side plate surface for the other floor plate material (ie, , The top surface of the wood) and the other building material is fixed to the base material so that the slopes of the trapezoidal cross sections of the building materials overlap each other vertically. By repeating this, the building materials are sequentially arranged to complete the building structure.
[0025]
Even with the building structure of this aspect, the effects described above can be obtained as they are. In this aspect, since the cross-sectional shape is a simple trapezoidal shape, there is an advantage that processing is easy.
[0026]
In addition, when a building material is cut out of wood so as to have a trapezoidal shape having legs with an inclined cross section, a heart holding material including a tree core in a trapezoidal cross section may be used. This makes it possible to provide a building material having high strength, in addition to the above-described advantages such as improvement in workability, and thus, by using this building material, it is possible to easily form a walkway for a person to walk from a material having a heart.
[0027]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a floor 10 of the first embodiment and a floor plate material as a constituent member thereof, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a state of placing the floor plate material and its effect.
[0028]
As illustrated, the floor 10 is configured by arranging a plurality of floor boards 12. Each floor plate 12 has an equilateral trapezoidal cross-sectional shape, and when cutting out from wood, the wooden surface becomes a plate surface on the top side of the trapezoid (a wooden surface side plate surface 13), and the back of the tree is a trapezoidal bottom side. It is configured to have a plate surface (a wooden back side plate surface 14). That is, the floor plate 12 is a cored material in which a wooden surface and a wooden back face each other.
[0029]
Each of the floorboards 12 has a thickness of about 0.1 to 0.3 mm in a range of about 0.1 to 0.3 mm in which the difference in the thickness of the floorboards (upper surface) formed by the adjacent floorboards 12 does not cause any discomfort even when touched by hand. It is the same. Further, in the present embodiment, the floor boards 12 have the same width, but floor boards having only a different width may be used. In other words, the cross-sectional shape is an isosceles trapezoid having the same slope, but the lengths of the top and bottom sides may be different for each floor plate 12. In this way, the width of the floor panel 12 can be selected according to the dimensions of the floor to be formed. In addition, the floor panel 12 has a chamfered portion 16 in which both ends of the wooden back side plate surface 14 are chamfered at the lower end side of the trapezoidal slope 15, and the chamfered portion 16 becomes a joint of the completed floor. Therefore, depending on the aesthetics and design required for the completed floor, the chamfered portion 16 can be formed into a flat shape as shown in the figure, or can be formed into an arc shape. The size of the chamfer 16 can also be various.
[0030]
The floor boards 12 are arranged on the upper surface of the floor base 17 as shown in FIG. At this time, one floor plate material 12 is placed on the floor base 17 such that the wooden back side plate surface 14 is on the floor base 17 side, and the wooden front side plate surface 13 is set as the floor surface side. Next, the next floor plate 12 is placed on the floor base 17 such that the wooden surface side plate surface 13 is on the floor substrate 17 side, and the wooden back side plate surface 14 is set as the floor surface side. That is, the adjacent floor plate members 12 have a relationship in which one floor plate member 12 is inverted around the plate member longitudinal direction. Then, while the floor boards 12 are placed alternately in this way, the wooden back side board surface 14 connects the floor board 12 on the side of the floor foundation 17 and the floor board 12 next to it, and the respective trapezoidal slopes 15 vertically. Join them so that they overlap. After arranging the floor boards 12 in this way, the wooden board 13 is fixed to the floor board 17 with the bolts 18 or the like so that the wooden surface side board surface 13 faces the floor board 17. By repeating this, the floor boards 12 are sequentially arranged, and the floor 10 is completed.
[0031]
In the floor 10 completed in this way, the floor plate 12 on the floor base 17 side and the floor plate 12 on the floor base 17 side of the wooden front side 13 are alternately arranged. In addition, on both sides of the floor plate material 12 whose wooden back side plate surface 14 is on the floor substrate 17 side, the wooden surface side plate surface 13 is on both sides of the floor plate material 12 on the floor substrate 17 side and on the floor substrate 17 side via the trapezoidal slope 15. It is held down by.
[0032]
Since the floor side of the floor plate material 12 whose wooden back side plate surface 14 is on the floor base 17 side is a wooden surface, as shown by a dashed line A in FIG. The front side shrinks, that is, the trapezoidal slope 15 side tends to be lifted to the floor side. However, the floorboard 12 having the wooden backside plate surface 14 on the floor substrate 17 side is pressed against the floor substrate 17 via the trapezoidal slope 15 on both sides of the wooden surface side plate surface 13 by the floor substrate 12 on the floor substrate 17 side. Therefore, such a warp is unlikely to occur on the floor plate material 12 on the floor base 17 side of the wooden back side plate surface 14. When the wooden surface side board surface 13 is on the floor board material 12 on the floor base 17 side, the reverse warpage is liable to occur, but this warpage is caused by the floor board material being mounted and fixed to the floor base 17 with bolts 18. It is hard to get up because it is. Moreover, the warpage that the wooden surface side plate surface 13 tends to cause on the floor plate material 12 on the floor substrate 17 side is caused by the trapezoidal slope 15 as shown by the dashed line B in FIG. The side is warped such that it faces the floor base. Therefore, it is increased that the wooden back side plate surface 14 tries to press the trapezoidal slopes 15 on both sides of the floor plate material 12 on the floor substrate 17 side against the floor substrate 17 side, and the floor plate material is more unlikely to warp.
[0033]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, warpage of the adjacent floor plate members 12 can be effectively avoided. In addition, since there is no need to perform joint processing for joining floor boards, it is advantageous in terms of cost. In addition, even when the floorboards 12 are arranged on the floorboard 17, even if the backside of the wooden board 14 is the floorboard 12 on the floorboard 17 side and the wooden boardboard 13 is the trapezoidal slope of the floorboard 12 on the floorboard 17 side. 15 may be placed alternately while being vertically overlapped and joined, and the floor plate material 12 having the wooden surface side plate surface 13 on the floor substrate 17 side may be fixed to the floor substrate 17 with bolts 18. Therefore, since there is no need to pay attention to the joint joining, the work is simplified and the workability is improved.
[0034]
Further, according to the present embodiment, since the floor plate 12 may be a plate having an equal leg cross-sectional shape, there is an advantage that processing is easy, and productivity is high, which is preferable.
[0035]
Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, if the floor plate 12 fixed with the bolt 18 is removed, the floor plate 12 on both sides thereof can also be removed. Therefore, if the floor surface is damaged and replacement is required, the floor plate 12 near the corresponding portion is loosened by loosening the bolt 18 and removed once. After replacing the damaged floor plate, the floor plate 12 is bolted again. Just fix it.
[0036]
In other words, in the past, without assuming such a partial replacement at all, each floorboard material was glued to the floor or a nail connection was nailed, so partial floorboard replacement was not possible. On the other hand, according to the present embodiment, such a partial replacement can be easily dealt with.
[0037]
Also, since the nailing is the main connection, it was difficult to remove the nails, and the idea of removing and reusing the floorboard did not occur.On the other hand, according to the floorboard of the present embodiment, It is possible to promote the reuse of floorboards, which is preferable.
[0038]
Next, a modified example will be described. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a modified example of the shape of the floor plate 12, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining another modified example of the shape of the floor plate 12.
[0039]
In the above-described embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the floor plate material 12 is an isosceles trapezoid. However, as shown in FIG. 3, the floor plate material 12 may have an unequal leg trapezoidal cross-sectional shape having inclined legs. . Even in this modified example, the trapezoidal slopes of the respective sides are vertically overlapped with the trapezoidal slopes of the adjoining floorboards 12, so that the floorboards 12 can be pressed against the floor base 17 side, and the above-described effects can be obtained as they are. it can.
[0040]
Further, in the modified example shown in FIG. 4, the floor plate 12 has projecting pieces 20 at both ends of the wooden back side plate surface 14, each having a thickness approximately half the thickness of the floor plate 12. Also in this modified example, the left and right projecting pieces 20 of the floor panel 12 having the wooden back side board surface 14 as the floor ground 17 side are the floor boards 12 on both sides (the floor having the wooden surface side panel 13 as the floor ground 17 side). The protruding pieces 20 of the plate material 12) are pressed against the floor substrate 17. Therefore, even in this modified example, the warpage of the floor plate 12 can be effectively and simply avoided.
[0041]
Next, another modified example of the floor panel 12 will be described. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a modified example for improving appearance, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory view for explaining a state of pre-processing of the floor plate 12.
[0042]
In the modification shown in FIG. 5, when forming the embedding hole 22 of the bolt 18, the embedding hole 22 is made deep enough to embed the bolt head. Type. By doing so, the bolts 18 and the embedding holes 22 can be made invisible on the wooden back side plate surface 14 on the floor side, so that the appearance of the floor surface can be enhanced. In this case, a plug that can be removed with a screw can be used instead of the eye plug 23.
[0043]
Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the pilot hole 26 for using the flathead screw 25 may be formed on the side of the wooden back side plate surface 14 so as to be formed so as not to penetrate the floor plate material 12. In this case, even when the illustrated floor board 12 is used such that the wooden back side board surface 14 is on the floor base 17 side, the pilot hole is not exposed on the wooden front side board surface 13 on the floor side. It is preferable without impairing the appearance. In addition, since the pilot hole 26 can be pre-processed in the factory, the countersunk screw 25 may be set and screwed into the pilot hole 26 already processed at the time of on-site construction, which simplifies on-site work. In addition, even if it is in the embedding hole 22 shown in FIG. 5, if it does not penetrate the hole of the screw part insertion portion, as described above, the wooden back side plate surface 14 of the floor plate material 12 becomes the floor base 17 side. Even in such a case, the hole for inserting the screw portion is not exposed, so that it is preferable that the appearance is not impaired.
[0044]
Next, another embodiment will be described. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the building material 30 of the second embodiment, and FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a method of fixing the building material 30.
As shown in the drawing, the building material 30 according to the second embodiment has an isosceles trapezoidal cross-sectional shape like the floor plate material 12 described above, and is provided between the upper and lower main surfaces forming the appearance of the building material in the longitudinal direction of the building material. Are provided along the through hole 31. In this case, the building materials 30 have the same thickness but differ in the width of the building materials, and the wide building materials 30 have two through holes 31.
[0045]
Each of the building materials 30 has a trapezoidal bottom side main surface (bottom main surface 32) and a trapezoidal top side main surface (top main surface 33), and a building material 30 having adjacent building materials has a top main surface 33. The bottom principal surface 32 is located on the exterior side of the building structure, not shown, and the building material 30 on both sides of the bottom principal surface 32 is located on the foundation material side and the top principal surface 33 is located on the building structure side so that the principal surfaces are reversed. Exterior side. The alternately arranged building materials 30 join the trapezoidal slopes 34 to each other, and the bottom main surface 32 is the building material 30 on the exterior side of the building structure, and presses the building materials 30 on both sides thereof.
[0046]
The building material 30 of the second embodiment can be made of a plate material cut out of wood, similarly to the first embodiment, or can be made of any of a stone material, a concrete material, and a resin material. In the case of a building material 30 made of a stone material or a concrete material, the bottom main surface 32 can hold the building material 30 on both sides thereof by the pressing portion by the weight of the building material 30 on the exterior side of the building structure, so that it is not necessary to fix each building material. Alternatively, the number of fixing points for fixing the building material can be reduced. Therefore, the work of fixing the building material is simplified. Further, in the case of a concrete material or a resin material, since a core for forming the through hole 31 is provided in a mold for molding, the core may be formed, and then the core may be taken out. is there. Alternatively, it is also possible to incorporate the pipe material into the mold instead of installing the core in the mold, and the through hole 31 can be formed by the pipe material itself, which is more convenient.
[0047]
Since the building material 30 of the second embodiment has the through-holes 31 in the longitudinal direction of the building material, the through-holes 31 can be used as a flow pipe for hot water from the building material end face side. Therefore, by supplying hot water or water to the through holes 31 of the respective building materials 30 via a hot water supply device (not shown), it is possible to easily cool and heat the environment (for example, indoor environment) on the upper surface of the building materials through the building materials 30. it can. In addition, if a wiring cable such as an indoor wiring is provided in the through hole 31, the wiring cable facility and the installation of the cable cover on the surface of the building material (surface on the exterior side of the building structure) become unnecessary, so that the appearance can be improved. . If the cable is for a distribution cable facility, the through hole 31 may be cut out as shown by a dotted line in FIG. Even if the notch is formed, a gap is still formed between the bottom main surface 32 and the top main surface 33.
[0048]
When the building material 30 having the through hole 31 is fixed to the base material as described above, as shown in FIG. 8, the bottom main surface 32 is bolted to the building material 30 on the exterior side of the building structure so as not to interfere with the through hole 31. What is necessary is just to form 35 embedding holes 36 and fix the building material to the base material. The top main surface 33 may be similarly fixed to the building material 30 on the exterior side of the building structure. In the second embodiment, the embedding hole 36 is a screw hole, and the eye plug 37 is screwed. Therefore, it is possible to enhance the appearance of the surface of the building material (the outer surface of the building structure) while preventing the leakage of hot and cold water existing in the through hole 31 and the damage of the wiring cable. In this case, if the building material 30 is cut out of wood, a driving type blind plug may be used instead of the screw fixing type blind plug 37.
[0049]
Next, a third embodiment will be described. The third embodiment is characterized in that the building material is a core holding material including a tree core in a trapezoidal cross section. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state of cutting out a building material 40 according to the third embodiment.
[0050]
As shown in the figure, the building material 40 is cut out from a log in a trapezoidal cross-section so as to include the tree core. In this case, the trapezoidal shape may be an isosceles trapezoid or an unequal legs trapezoid. At the time of such cutting, the above-described floor plate material 12 can be cut simultaneously from above and below or right and left of the building material 40 from the portion of the core material around the building material 40. Therefore, a log material having a relatively large diameter can be effectively used for cutting out the building material 40 as a holding material and the floor plate material 12 as a cored material. In addition, if only the building material 40 is cut out, the thinned wood can be effectively used for cutting out the building material 40 because the log material may have a small diameter.
[0051]
The building material 40 made of a core material has a trapezoidal cross section, has the same advantages as the floor plate 12 in terms of workability improvement, and exhibits a high strength due to the property of having a heart. Therefore, in this building material 40, a building structure that requires strength, for example, a walkway where a person walks, such as a promenade or a corridor, can be easily formed. Alternatively, it can be easily applied to the formation of a deck outside a building.
[0052]
Here, an application example of the building material 40 will be described. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a part of a passage using the building material 40, and FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of unitizing the building material using a predetermined number of building materials 40.
[0053]
As shown in FIG. 10, even in the building material 40, the building material 40 in which the bottom main surface 42 is on the exterior side of the building structure and the top main surface 43 is on the base material side, and the opposite building material 40 are alternately arranged. Then, the building material 40 having the bottom main surface 42 on the exterior side of the building structure is fixed to a base material (not shown) with bolts, screws, nails, or the like. In the building structure completed in this way, since the individual building materials 40 have a high strength as a core material, they can be used as they are as passages and decks such as promenades and crossing corridors, and are simple. In FIG. 10, each building material 40 has a different building material width, but it is a matter of course that those having the same building material width may be arranged.
[0054]
When the building structure shown in FIG. 10 is a passage, the passage can be extended in either direction A (longitudinal direction) or direction B (width direction) shown in the drawing. In this case, since the length of the building material 40 in the longitudinal direction is limited in cutting out the timber (for example, the length is 4000 mm), in order to extend the passage in the longitudinal direction, the plurality of building materials 40 shown in the drawing are moved in the longitudinal direction. You can arrange them. In order to extend in the width direction, building materials 40 having the same longitudinal dimension as the passage width may be alternately arranged over the passage range. In addition, the building structure shown in FIG. 10 can also be used as a deck of a house.
[0055]
The building material unit 45 shown in FIG. 11 is provided with the building materials 40 alternately arranged in the same manner as that shown in FIG. 10, and each building material 40 is fixed to the dovetail 46 by dovetail fixing. In this case, only the building material 40a having the dovetail 46 on the top main surface 43 is dovetail-fixed to the dovetail 46, and the building material 40b having the dovetail 46 on the bottom main surface 42 is not fixed to the dovetail 46. You can also Even in this case, since the building material 40a presses the building material 40b against the dovetail 46 on the slopes at both ends of the bottom main surface 42, there is no particular problem. In order to prevent the building material 40b from being fixed to the dovetail 46, a notch that does not interfere with the dovetail of the dovetail 46 may be formed in the lower surface (the bottom main surface 42) of the building material 40b.
[0056]
The vertical and horizontal dimensions of the building material unit 45 are standardized. For example, the lateral dimension of the unit (left-right dimension in the figure) was about 2000 mm, and the vertical dimension of the unit was about 4000 mm. Then, as for the building material 40c at both ends in the unit lateral direction, one of the building material end faces was a vertical end face.
[0057]
According to such a building material unit 45, in addition to the above-mentioned advantages (improvement in strength, etc.) by using the building material 40 which is a holding material, there are the following advantages.
(1) It is sufficient to simply place the building material units 45 sequentially in places where passages and decks are to be formed, which is simple. In addition, handling may be performed for each unit, which is convenient.
(2) Since the vertical and horizontal dimensions are standardized, the design of the building structure (passage, deck, etc.) to which the building material unit 45 is applied is simplified.
(3) Since a dovetail by the dovetail 46 is adopted and bolts, nails, adhesives and the like are not required, the structure is made only of natural objects (wood).
[0058]
Here, a modified example of draining rainwater when installed outdoors in the building structure (for example, a passage or deck) shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 will be described. FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a modified example in consideration of rainwater measures, and FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line 13-13 in FIG.
[0059]
As shown, in this modification, a notch 48 is formed on the trapezoidal slope 44 of the building material 40 along the slope. In this way, the cutouts 48 become through holes penetrating the building material 40 at seams (joints) of the building materials 40 arranged alternately. Therefore, since the rainwater is discharged from the notch 48, it is possible to suppress a situation in which the rainwater is accidentally accumulated on the upper surfaces of the building materials 40 arranged alternately. Note that the notch 48 does not need to be formed facing the adjacent building material 40, but may be formed on the trapezoidal slope 44 of one of the building materials 40.
[0060]
Next, another embodiment of the building material unit will be described. 14 is an explanatory view showing another building material unit 50 using the building material 40, FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken along line 15-15 of FIG. 14, FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along line 16-16 of FIG. 14, and FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along line 17-17, FIG. 18 is a sectional view taken along line 18-18 in FIG. 14, and FIG. 19 is an explanatory view showing an example using this building material unit 50.
[0061]
As shown in the drawing, the building material unit 50 includes eight building materials 40 each having an equal leg cross-sectional shape, which are alternately arranged with their trapezoidal slopes 44 (see FIGS. 15 to 18). Each of the building materials 40 arranged in this manner is fixed by long bolts 52 inserted into a plurality of through holes 51 penetrating in the lateral direction, thereby forming a unit. Both ends of the long bolt 52 do not protrude from the end surface of the building material unit, and the bolt head and the fixing nut are located in the counterbore of the through hole 51.
[0062]
In this embodiment, in order to treat the building material unit 50 with a heavy machine, the recess 53 for the balling is provided on the upper surface of the building material unit 50. That is, as shown in FIG. 16, since the long bolt 52 is exposed in the recess 53, the bolt can be hung with a slinging rope and suspended by heavy equipment. Note that the recess 53 may not be provided, and in this case, the building material unit 50 may be directly balled with a balling belt or robe.
[0063]
The building material unit 50 has the following configuration at both ends in the longitudinal direction for joining with the adjacent building material unit 50.
That is, the longitudinal end portion of the building material unit 50 is a connecting portion having its trapezoidal cross section cut out. As shown in FIG. 14, FIG. 15, and FIG. 18, the connecting portion has a thin protruding piece 55 formed by cutting out the bottom surface side of the illustrated building material unit for half of the eight building materials 40, and a building material. A thick projecting piece 56 is formed by cutting out the upper surface side of the unit. The projecting pieces are configured such that the thin projecting piece 55 and the thick projecting piece 56 are diagonal at both ends in the longitudinal direction.
[0064]
In order to form a building structure using the building material unit 50, the building material is laid on a base material on which the unit is to be placed. For example, when the building material unit 50 is used for a large floor of a gymnasium or the like, the building material unit 50 is laid on the floor base. , Spread. In the latter case, first, the building material unit 50 is spread in the width direction on the purlin side, and another building material unit 50 on the eave side is placed so as to be pushed in from the eave side in the longitudinal direction of the building material. Then, as shown in FIG. 19, the thin projecting piece 55 and the thick projecting piece 56 are vertically overlapped at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the building material unit 50, and the units are connected. In the unit width direction, the building materials 40 of adjacent units are lined up by joining the trapezoidal slopes 44 respectively. In addition, the thin projecting piece 55 and the thick projecting piece 56 which are vertically overlapped as described above may be connected and fixed vertically using nails, bolts or the like. Further, the building material unit 50 may be fixed to the base material with bolts or the like. In this case, as described above, if the building material 40 whose bottom main surface in the trapezoidal cross section is the exterior side of the building structure is fixed, the building material on both sides can be pressed down. May be fixed.
[0065]
With the building material unit 50 described above, the above-described effects can be similarly obtained. Moreover, according to the building material unit 50, when forming a building structure over a wide area, the thin projecting piece 55 and the thick projecting piece 56 are vertically overlapped at the longitudinal end of the building material, so that the vertical No gap between units. Therefore, the appearance can be improved. Further, in the case where the building material units 50 arranged in this manner are to be covered by a metal roofing material, the rafters and the ground boards which are conventionally used for the ridge wood and the shingle material are unnecessary.
[0066]
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described examples and embodiments, and it goes without saying that the present invention can be implemented in various modes without departing from the gist of the present invention. is there.
[0067]
For example, in the above-described first embodiment and its modified example, the wooden surface side plate surface 13 is configured such that only the floor plate material 12 on the floor substrate 17 side is fixed to the floor substrate 17 using bolts or the like. The floor board 12 whose 14 is on the floor substrate 17 side can also be fixed to the floor substrate 17.
[0068]
In the above-described first embodiment and its modified examples, the description has been given as the floor plate material forming the floor. However, the present invention can be applied as a building material (wall material) forming the inner wall and the outer wall of a building structure such as a house. In this case, the building materials may be fixed alternately on the trunk between the columns as described above.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a floor 10 of a first embodiment and a floor plate material that is a constituent member thereof.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state of placing a floor plate material and its effect.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for describing a modified example of the shape of the floor plate 12;
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining another modification of the shape of the floor plate 12;
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a modification for improving appearance.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a state of pre-processing of the floor plate 12;
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a building material 30 according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view illustrating a method of fixing the building material 30.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state of cutting out a building material 40 according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of a part of a passage using a building material 40.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing an example in which building materials are unitized using a predetermined number of building materials 40.
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a modified example in consideration of rainwater measures.
FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line 13-13 in FIG.
FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing another building material unit 50 using the building material 40.
FIG. 15 is a sectional view taken along line 15-15 of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along line 16-16 of FIG. 14;
FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along line 17-17 of FIG. 14;
18 is a sectional view taken along line 18-18 of FIG.
FIG. 19 is an explanatory view showing an example using the building material unit 50.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 ... Floor
12 ... Floor board material
13 ... wooden surface side plate surface
14 ... wooden back side plate surface
15 ... Trapezoidal slope
16 ... Chamfer part
17… floor ground
18 ... bolt
20 ... projecting piece
22 ... Embedded hole
23 ... Eye plug
25 ... countersunk screw
26 ... pilot hole
30 ... Building materials
31 ... Through-hole
32 ... Bottom main surface
33… Top main surface
34 ... trapezoidal slope
35 ... bolt
36 ... embedding hole
37 ... Eye plug
40 ... Building materials
40a-40c… Building materials
42 ... Bottom main surface
43… Top main surface
44… Trapezoidal slope
45… Building material unit
46 ... Ant pier
48… Notch
50 ... Building material unit
51 ... Through-hole
52 ... Long bolt
53 ... recess
55 ... Thin projecting piece
56 ... Thick protruding piece

Claims (15)

A building material that forms a building structure such as a floor, a wall, and a passage by arranging a plurality of pieces,
First and second main surfaces forming the appearance of the building material are provided facing the building material in the longitudinal direction,
Both ends in the width direction of the building material on the side of the first main surface, as the pressing portion capable of pressing the building materials adjacent to each other in a juxtaposed state where the building materials are arranged for forming the building structure, from above, The second main surface is provided so as to protrude from both ends in the width direction of the building material,
In the side-by-side state, one of the adjacent building materials has the first main surface as the exterior side of the building structure, and the other building material has a posture in which the one building material is inverted around the building material longitudinal direction. A building material in which the second main surfaces are arranged side by side as the exterior side of the building material structure, and the pressing portions of the first main surface side of the building materials are joined so as to overlap vertically. The building material according to claim 1,
Has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape with inclined legs,
In the side-by-side state of the building materials, one of the adjacent building materials is the first main surface on the exterior side of the building structure on the bottom side of the trapezoidal shape, and the other building material is on the top side of the trapezoidal shape on the top side. A building material in which the adjacent building materials are arranged side by side so as to be the second main surface on the appearance side of a building structure, and the slopes of the trapezoidal cross sections of the building materials are vertically joined as the pressing portions. A building material according to claim 1 or claim 2,
A building material having a continuous gap between the first and second main surfaces along the longitudinal direction of the building material. The building material according to claim 3,
A building material, wherein the gap is a gap for passing hot or cold water for heating or a gap for a facility of a wiring cable. A building material according to claim 3 or claim 4,
A building material fixed to another building material for fixing a building material from the exterior side of the building material structure at a position that does not interfere with the gap. It is a building material according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A building material made of any of stone, concrete, and resin. The building material according to claim 1,
It is cut out from wood, and it is considered as a core material plate material with the front and back of the wood facing each other,
The board surface on the back side of the wood in the board material is the first main surface, the board surface on the wood surface side is the second main surface,
In a side-by-side state in which the building materials are arranged on a base material for supporting the building materials, one of the adjacent building materials is joined to the base material such that the back side of the wood is the base material side, and The front side plate surface is the exterior side of the building structure, and the other building material is joined to the base material so that the wooden front side plate surface is the base material side, and the wooden back side plate surface is the building structure. A building material fixed to the base material so as to be on the outer side of the base material and joined so that the pressing portions of the building materials overlap one another vertically. It is a building material according to claim 7,
A building material that is arranged in the side-by-side state on the base material for forming a floor as the building structure or an inner and outer wall of the building. A building material according to claim 7 or claim 8,
It has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape with inclined legs, is cut out of wood so that the wooden surface becomes the plate surface on the trapezoid top side, and the back of the tree becomes the plate surface on the trapezoid bottom side,
In the side-by-side state, the one building material is bonded to the base material such that a plate surface on the trapezoid bottom side is the base material side, and the other building material has a plate surface on the trapezoid top side. A building material joined and fixed to the base material so as to be on the base material side, and the slopes of the trapezoidal cross sections of the floor plate materials are joined as the pressing portion. The building material according to claim 2,
A building material, wherein the trapezoidal section is a heart-holding material including a tree heart. It is a building material according to claim 10,
It is arranged in the side-by-side state on the base material for supporting the building material,
A building material, wherein the building material having at least the trapezoidal bottom side being the exterior side of the building structure is fixed to the base material. An architectural structure formed by arranging building materials on a base material for supporting the building materials,
10. The building material according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the building material is substantially the same, the building material is arranged on the base material, and one of the building materials adjacent to the base material has the wooden back side plate surface on the base material side. The other building material is joined and fixed to the base material so that the wood surface side plate surface is on the base material side, and the pressing parts of the building materials are joined so as to vertically overlap each other. A building structure. It is a building structure according to claim 12,
An architectural structure, which is a floor formed by arranging the building material on a floor substrate serving as the base material, or an inner and outer wall of a building formed by arranging the building material on a body edge or a field edge serving as the base material. An architectural structure formed by arranging building materials on a base material for supporting the building materials,
The building material according to claim 10 or 11, which has substantially the same plate thickness, is arranged on the base material, and one of the building materials adjacent to the base material has the trapezoidal top side closer to the base material side. The other building material is joined and fixed to the base material so that the trapezoidal bottom surface is on the base material side, and the pressing parts of the building materials are bonded so as to overlap each other vertically. Structure. It is a building structure according to claim 14,
An architectural structure formed by arranging the building material on the base material and being a passage for people to walk.

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