JP2004194505A - Artificial fish reef and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Artificial fish reef and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004194505A JP2004194505A JP2002363358A JP2002363358A JP2004194505A JP 2004194505 A JP2004194505 A JP 2004194505A JP 2002363358 A JP2002363358 A JP 2002363358A JP 2002363358 A JP2002363358 A JP 2002363358A JP 2004194505 A JP2004194505 A JP 2004194505A
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- glass
- cullet
- fiber material
- natural fiber
- artificial reef
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、廃棄されるガラス材を利用して形成される人工漁礁と、その製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、このような人工漁礁としては、水中に二価の鉄イオンを溶出するガラス質材料を、独立気泡を有する多孔質に形成したものがあった。(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
【0003】
また、ガラスなどの廃棄物粉砕物と鉄含有廃棄物粉砕物とを、バインダーとしての硬化性の合成樹脂ポリマー又はそのモノマーと混合し、成形硬化させたものもあった。(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
【0004】
また、その製造方法としては、ガラス破砕片などの廃棄物を、副原料や可塑剤などと共に成形用型枠内に入れ、加圧下で所望の形状に成形し、これを乾燥あるいはか焼した後、さらに、高温(1,000〜1,300℃)で、所定の時間(10〜30時間)焼結するようにしたものがあった。(例えば、特許文献3参照)。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特表WO98−24298号公報(第3−17頁)
【特許文献2】
特開平08−131016号公報(第3−6頁)
【特許文献3】
特表2002−521047号公報(第5−6頁)
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述した従来のガラスを用いた人工漁礁は、何れも海水中に鉄イオンを溶出させることにより、プランクトンや海草の増殖に適し、また魚などの好むところの漁場環境を造り出すことを目的としていた。しかしながらこの鉄イオンの溶出も程度問題であり、大量にこの種の人工漁礁が設置された場合、プランクトンの大量発生による赤潮などの海洋汚染を引き起こすおそれがあった。また、この人工漁礁は、海水などの浄化機能を有していないので、投棄された周辺海域の環境を変化させ、むしろ汚染を助長するおそれさえあった。
【0007】
また、上述した従来の人工漁礁の製造方法は、ガラス粉砕物などの原料を所望の形状に加圧成形した後、乾燥あるいはか焼し、さらにこれを高温(1,000〜1,300℃)で、長時間(10〜30時間)焼結させるという工程が必要であり、作業工程数が多く、製造に手間と時間を要するばかりか、エネルギーも大量に消費するという問題点があった。さらにこの方法では、原料としてガラス粉砕物などの産業廃棄物だけを用いた場合、十分な物理的/機械的強度が得られず、そのため副原料や添加剤を所定の割合で混入しなくてはならなかった。よって、原料の調整にも手間を要するという問題点があった。
【0008】
本発明は、上記従来の人工漁礁やその製造方法が有していた問題点の解決を課題とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するために、本発明のうち、請求項1記載の発明は、人工漁礁を、廃ガラスを粉砕したカレットに天然繊維質材を混入し、焼成して得られる多孔質で、かつ、前記天然繊維質材由来の灰および/又は炭化物が、内部に封入されたものとしたことを特徴とする。
【0010】
請求項2記載の発明は、請求項1記載の発明の構成中、天然繊維質材を籾殻と限定したことを特徴とする。
【0011】
請求項3記載の発明は、廃ガラスを粉砕したカレットの表面に、接着手段を介して無機パウダーを付着させ、これに所定粒径の天然繊維質材を混入し、型枠に入れて焼成することにより、カレットの尖鋭な角部を溶融させると共に、その接合部分を針状結晶化させて部分的に融着させ、かつ、上記天然繊維質材を炭化させて、その灰および/又は炭化物を内部に封入するようにしたことを特徴とする人工漁礁の製造方法である。
【0012】
請求項4記載の発明は、請求項3記載の製造方法において、用いられる天然繊維質材を、籾殻に限定したことを特徴とする。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の人工漁礁と、その製造方法について詳細に説明する。
【0014】
まず、本発明では、人工漁礁の材料として産業廃棄物となる廃ガラスを用いている。この廃ガラスとしては、廃車に伴って発生するものや、寿命が尽きて廃棄される電球や蛍光灯、あるいは空き瓶など、どのようなものであっても良く、ワイン瓶やビール瓶、あるいはブラウン管や食器類などであっても良い。
【0015】
そして、製造に際して、まずこれらのガラス類を、粉砕して細かいガラス粒子(以下、カレットと称する)とし、次いで、その表面を覆うように接着剤などの接着手段を用いて無機パウダーを付着させる。
【0016】
なお、この無機パウダーとしては、ゴミなどの焼却灰や火山灰などの有効利用が可能であり、粒径としては、例えば200メッシュの網を通過する程度、即ち、100〜150μm程度のものが好適に利用できる。
【0017】
次に、このように表面が無機パウダーで覆われたカレットに、粒径が数mm程度の天然繊維質材を添加し、十分に攪拌混合した後、これを素焼きなどで別途用意された所定形状の型枠内に入れ、焼成炉で通常のガラスを溶融させる際の温度よりもやや低い、700〜800℃で焼成する。このことにより、上記カレットは、その表面のみが軟化し、尖鋭な角部が丸まった形状の異形のガラス粒となると共に、このガラス粒同士が接触した個所が融着し、ガラス粒同士の間に間隙を有した状態で一体化するものである。
【0018】
なお、この時、ガラスカレットの表面を覆った無機パウダーは、その内側のガラスと固相反応し、ガラス中に針状結晶を析出させるように作用する。このことにより、各ガラス粒は、結晶とガラスが混在した結晶化ガラスで覆われることとなり、また、その融着部分も結晶化ガラスを介して連結されることとなる。
【0019】
また、同時にこの時、内部に混入された天然繊維質材が炭化し、ガラス粒間に間隙を形成するように作用すると共に、炭化物や灰となってこのガラス粒間の間隙内に封入される。
【0020】
以上のようにして、本発明の人工漁礁は、製造されるものである。なお、カレットに混入する天然繊維質材としては、数mm程度に大きさに粉砕された木片チップや藁などの使用が可能であるが、農業分野で大量に発生し、処理に困っている籾殻を利用することとすれば、加工することなくそのまま使用することができ、粉砕の手間を要さないばかりか、資源の有効利用も図られることとなり望ましい。
【0021】
そして、このように製造された人工漁礁は、ガラス間に多数の間隙を有し、かつ、この間隙内に炭化物が保持されているので、炭化物から有効成分が徐々に溶け出すと共に、通水時に浄化作用も得られ、周囲環境が改善されると共に、稚貝や微小生物の住処として、この間隙が有効に機能するものである。また、本発明の人工漁礁では、その表面や融着接合部分が針状結晶化しているので、その連結が強固であり、亀裂も伝播し難いという特徴があるので、環境汚染を引き起こすおそれのあるバインダーや添加物などを一切、用いなくても長年にわたってその形状を維持し、封入された炭化物が逸脱するおそれもないという特徴がある。
【0022】
さらに、この人工漁礁は、種々の廃ガラスを原料としているため、それぞれの膨張係数が異なる場合も生じるが、本発明の人工漁礁では、上述したようにその表面を結晶ガラス化させているので、このように膨張係数の異なるガラスで製造されていても割れたり、壊れたりし難いという特徴もある。
【0023】
また、その製造時には、自動的にカレットの尖鋭な角部が、丸くなるので、何ら仕上げ加工を施さなくても、その安全性は、十分に確保され、魚介類の繁殖場所として適するばかりか、漁網などを切断するおそれもなく、万一、人に触れるおそれのある浅瀬などに打ち上げられたとしても、安全で、かつ周囲の環境を破壊するおそれもないものである。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明のうち、請求項1記載の発明は、人工漁礁を、廃ガラスを粉砕したカレットに天然繊維質材を混入し、焼成して得られる多孔質で、かつ、前記天然繊維質材由来の灰および/又は炭化物が、内部に封入されたものとしたので、産業廃棄物である廃ガラスの有効利用がはかれると共に、環境に優しく、炭化物や灰からしみ出す有効成分により菌の繁殖が阻止され、プランクトンや海草などの清潔な繁殖環境が造り出されるという効果がある。また、炭化物の吸着性により、周辺環境の浄化がはかられるという効果もある。
【0025】
請求項2記載の発明は、天然繊維質材を籾殻と限定したので、処理に困る籾殻の有効利用がはかられ、農業分野における廃棄処理作業が不要となり、そのための労力が削減されると共に、焼却により生じる環境汚染も生じなくなるという効果がある。
【0026】
請求項3記載の発明は、カレットの表面に無機パウダーを付着させ、これに天然繊維質材を混入した後、型枠に入れて焼成することにより、カレットの尖鋭な角部を溶融させると共に、その接合部分を針状結晶化させて部分的に融着させ、かつ、天然繊維質材を炭化させることとしたので、多孔質で炭化物が封入された強固な構造の人工漁礁を容易、かつ高能率に製造することができる。また、ガラスの角部が製造過程において自動的に丸められるので、何ら特別な手間をかけることなく、廃ガラスを危険のない安全な状態として自然に戻すことができ、環境への悪影響も排除されるという効果がある。
【0027】
請求項4記載の発明は、請求項3記載の製造方法において、用いられる天然繊維質材を籾殻に限定したので、木片チップや藁などの天然繊維質材を所定の大きさに加工する手間が不要になると共に、他に利用用途のあるこれらの繊維質材を浪費することがなくなり、一層、能率良く、かつ、コスト低廉に本発明の人工漁礁を製造することができるものである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an artificial reef formed using discarded glass material, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Heretofore, as such artificial reefs, there have been ones in which a vitreous material that elutes divalent iron ions in water is formed into a porous material having closed cells. (For example, see Patent Document 1).
[0003]
In addition, there has been a material in which a crushed waste material such as glass and a crushed iron-containing waste material are mixed with a curable synthetic resin polymer or a monomer thereof as a binder and molded and cured. (For example, see Patent Document 2).
[0004]
Further, as a production method, waste such as crushed glass pieces is put into a molding frame together with auxiliary materials and a plasticizer, etc., formed into a desired shape under pressure, and dried or calcined. In addition, there is one that is sintered at a high temperature (1,000 to 1,300 ° C.) for a predetermined time (10 to 30 hours). (For example, see Patent Document 3).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. WO98-24298 (pages 3-17)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-08-131016 (pages 3-6)
[Patent Document 3]
JP-T-2002-52047 (pages 5-6)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned artificial fishing reefs using the conventional glass are all intended to elute iron ions into seawater, thereby creating a fishing ground environment suitable for the propagation of plankton and seagrass and for fish and the like. However, the elution of iron ions is also a problem, and if a large amount of artificial reefs of this kind are installed, there is a risk that marine pollution such as red tide will occur due to the occurrence of a large amount of plankton. In addition, since this artificial reef does not have a function of purifying seawater or the like, it may change the environment of the dumped surrounding sea area, and may even promote pollution.
[0007]
In addition, in the above-mentioned conventional method for producing an artificial reef, a raw material such as a crushed glass is pressed and formed into a desired shape, and then dried or calcined, and further heated to a high temperature (1,000 to 1,300 ° C.). Therefore, there is a problem that a process of sintering for a long time (10 to 30 hours) is required, the number of working steps is large, and not only the labor and time are required for manufacturing, but also a large amount of energy is consumed. Furthermore, in this method, when only industrial waste such as crushed glass is used as a raw material, sufficient physical / mechanical strength cannot be obtained, and therefore, auxiliary materials and additives must be mixed at a predetermined ratio. did not become. Therefore, there has been a problem that it takes time to adjust the raw materials.
[0008]
An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the above-mentioned conventional artificial reef and its manufacturing method.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, among the present invention, the invention according to claim 1 is a porous material obtained by mixing an artificial reef with a cullet obtained by pulverizing waste glass with a natural fiber material and firing the cullet. The ash and / or carbide derived from the natural fibrous material is encapsulated therein.
[0010]
The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that, in the constitution of the invention of claim 1, the natural fiber material is limited to rice husk.
[0011]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, an inorganic powder is adhered to the surface of a cullet obtained by pulverizing waste glass via an adhesive means, a natural fiber material having a predetermined particle size is mixed therein, and the resultant is put into a mold and fired. Thereby, the sharp corners of the cullet are melted, the joints are needle-like crystallized and partially fused, and the natural fibrous material is carbonized, and the ash and / or carbide is removed. This is a method for producing an artificial reef characterized by being enclosed inside.
[0012]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the manufacturing method of the third aspect, the natural fiber material used is limited to rice husk.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the artificial reef of the present invention and the production method thereof will be described in detail.
[0014]
First, in the present invention, waste glass that becomes industrial waste is used as a material for an artificial reef. The waste glass may be any one generated from a scrapped vehicle, a bulb, a fluorescent lamp, or an empty bottle that is discarded after its life is over, and may be a wine bottle, a beer bottle, a cathode ray tube, or the like. Tableware may be used.
[0015]
Then, at the time of production, these glasses are first crushed into fine glass particles (hereinafter, referred to as cullet), and then an inorganic powder is adhered using an adhesive means such as an adhesive so as to cover the surface.
[0016]
In addition, as this inorganic powder, incineration ash such as garbage and volcanic ash can be effectively used, and the particle diameter is, for example, about a size that passes through a 200-mesh net, that is, about 100 to 150 μm. Available.
[0017]
Next, a natural fiber material having a particle size of about several millimeters is added to the cullet whose surface is covered with the inorganic powder as described above, and the mixture is sufficiently stirred and mixed. And firing at 700 to 800 ° C., which is slightly lower than the temperature at which ordinary glass is melted in a firing furnace. As a result, the cullet is softened only at its surface and becomes irregularly shaped glass particles having sharp corners rounded. Are integrated with a gap.
[0018]
At this time, the inorganic powder covering the surface of the glass cullet performs a solid-phase reaction with the glass inside the glass cullet, and acts to precipitate needle-like crystals in the glass. As a result, each glass particle is covered with crystallized glass in which crystals and glass are mixed, and the fused portion is also connected via the crystallized glass.
[0019]
Simultaneously, at this time, the natural fibrous material mixed therein is carbonized and acts to form a gap between the glass grains, and becomes a carbide or ash and is sealed in the gap between the glass grains. .
[0020]
As described above, the artificial reef of the present invention is manufactured. As natural fiber material mixed into the cullet, wood chips or straw crushed to a size of about several mm can be used, but rice husks that are generated in large quantities in the agricultural field and are difficult to treat It is desirable to use refuse, because it can be used as it is without processing, not only does not require crushing work, but also enables effective use of resources.
[0021]
And the artificial reef manufactured in this way has a large number of gaps between the glass, and since the carbides are retained in these gaps, the active ingredient gradually dissolves from the carbides, and at the time of passing water A purifying action is obtained, the surrounding environment is improved, and the gap effectively functions as a place for the larvae and small creatures. Further, in the artificial reef of the present invention, since the surface and the fusion bonding portion are needle-like crystallized, the connection is strong, and the crack is hardly propagated, so that there is a possibility of causing environmental pollution. There is a feature that the shape is maintained for many years without using any binder or additive, and there is no possibility that the encapsulated carbide deviates.
[0022]
Furthermore, since this artificial reef is made of various kinds of waste glass, the expansion coefficient of each may be different, but in the artificial reef of the present invention, the surface is crystallized as described above, As described above, there is also a feature that it is hard to be broken or broken even if it is made of glass having a different expansion coefficient.
[0023]
Also, at the time of manufacture, the sharp corners of the cullet are automatically rounded, so even without any finishing work, its safety is sufficiently ensured and it is not only suitable as a breeding place for seafood, There is no danger of cutting a fishing net or the like, and even if it is launched into a shallow water where there is a risk of touching people, it is safe and there is no danger of destroying the surrounding environment.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, of the present invention, the invention according to claim 1 is a porous artificial seaweed obtained by mixing a natural fiber material into cullet obtained by pulverizing waste glass and firing the same, and Since ash and / or carbide derived from natural fibrous materials are enclosed inside, effective use of waste glass, which is industrial waste, is ensured, and the environment is environmentally friendly, and active ingredients that exude from carbide and ash are used. This has the effect of inhibiting the growth of bacteria and creating a clean breeding environment such as plankton and seaweed. In addition, there is an effect that the surrounding environment can be purified by the adsorbing property of the carbide.
[0025]
In the invention according to claim 2, since the natural fiber material is limited to rice hulls, effective use of rice husks that are difficult to treat can be achieved, and waste disposal work in the agricultural field is not required, and labor for that purpose is reduced, There is an effect that environmental pollution caused by incineration does not occur.
[0026]
The invention according to claim 3 is to apply an inorganic powder to the surface of the cullet, mix a natural fiber material with the inorganic powder, and then put it in a mold and fire it to melt the sharp corners of the cullet, The joint is crystallized in a needle shape and partially fused, and the natural fibrous material is carbonized. It can be manufactured efficiently. In addition, since the corners of the glass are automatically rounded during the manufacturing process, the waste glass can be returned to a safe state without danger without any special effort, and the negative impact on the environment is eliminated. There is an effect that.
[0027]
In the invention according to claim 4, in the production method according to claim 3, the natural fiber material used is limited to rice hulls, so that it takes time to process a natural fiber material such as wood chip or straw into a predetermined size. The artificial reef of the present invention can be manufactured more efficiently and at a lower cost, while eliminating the necessity and wasting of these fibrous materials for other uses.
Claims (4)
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JP2002363358A JP3966411B2 (en) | 2002-12-16 | 2002-12-16 | Artificial fishing reef and its manufacturing method |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2008245617A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-16 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Nutrient salt composition using farm and marine waste and for silicon supply to water area, and production system thereof |
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2002
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2008245617A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-16 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Nutrient salt composition using farm and marine waste and for silicon supply to water area, and production system thereof |
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