JP2004182961A - Apparatus for thermally decomposing and liquefying waste plastic - Google Patents

Apparatus for thermally decomposing and liquefying waste plastic Download PDF

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JP2004182961A
JP2004182961A JP2002383220A JP2002383220A JP2004182961A JP 2004182961 A JP2004182961 A JP 2004182961A JP 2002383220 A JP2002383220 A JP 2002383220A JP 2002383220 A JP2002383220 A JP 2002383220A JP 2004182961 A JP2004182961 A JP 2004182961A
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waste plastic
decomposition tank
tank
oil
thermally
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Kaoru Kimura
薫 木村
Yoshio Takai
善男 高井
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To recover a liquefied fuel by continuously treating a thermally-decomposed gas generated in a decomposition tank, when the decomposition tank is continuously operated so that materials obtained by eliminating components unsuitable to liquefaction from waste plastics in general waste materials are crushed, the crushed materials are heated and molten in the decomposition tank to form the thermally-decomposed gas, and the formed gas is condensed. <P>SOLUTION: In a thermally-decomposing and liquefying apparatus, a waste plastic-charging screw case 9 and a screw conveyor 2 are each formed into a conical shape, so that the thermally-decomposed gas is prevented from outside leaking from the decomposition tank 7. Therefore, the decomposition tank is continuously charged with the waste plastics, and the thermally-decomposed gas generated in the decomposition tank is introduced into a condenser 23, so that the waste plastics are efficiently and continuously liquefied in the apparatus. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】発明の属する技術分野
本発明は産業廃棄物中の廃プラスチックで油化不適切物を除去し破砕後、原料貯槽から特殊スクリューコンベアーで原料を分解槽内へ連続投入することにより、分解槽内で連続的に廃プラスチックを溶融して連続的に発生する気体を水冷凝縮して効率的に熱分解油を回収できる装置に関するものである。
【0002】従来の技術
廃プラスチックは固形圧縮する固形燃料化、粉体にして燃焼させる粉体燃料化などがある。廃プラスチックはそのままでボイラの燃料に利用したり廃棄物燃焼プラントの燃料として直接燃焼して熱エネルギーとして利用されている。しかし燃料制御性、輸送性、輸送コスト、貯蔵性等を考慮すると油化燃料化する事による利点が多い。また、従来の熱分解装置ではバッチ式処理が主流であり、分解槽の稼働率が悪く連続運転ができない。
【0003】発明が解決しようとする課題
本発明は今まで技術的な問題やコスト的な問題で実施されなかった。熱分解油化装置で廃プラスチックを破砕後、分解槽内へ連続的に廃プラスチックを投入して、熱分解された熱分解ガス化したものを水冷凝縮し、熱分解油を効率良く回収するものである。
【0004】課題を解決するための手段
破砕された廃プラスチックは貯槽1に常時定量供給された状態にして、貯槽1の下部はスクリューケー4スに接続されている。スクリューケース4の内部にスクリューコンベアー2を設けて駆動モーター3により回転させることにより分解槽7へ廃プラスチックを連続供給する。スクリューケース4は分解槽7の投入口部分には外胴6を設けて加熱可能としてスクリューケース4を加熱して廃プラスチックを外部から間接加熱ができるスクリューケース4とスクリューコンベアー2は図2の拡大図の如く円錐形とし貯槽1から落下した廃プラスチックはスクリューケース4に導入されたスクリューコンベアー2により送られる。この時スクリューコンベアー2の先端部は送り量が一定の時スクリューコンベアー2の羽根外径は入口部より出口部の直径が小さいので送り量が少なくなり廃プラスチックが圧縮され密度が高くなり分解槽7と貯槽1の間を廃プラスチックで密閉状態にして熱分解ガスが貯槽1へ逆流しないので廃プラスチックを連続投入する事ができる。廃プラスチックを連続投入運転を行う前工程について、貯槽1内の廃プラスチックを一定量分解槽7に投入後スクリューコンベアー2を停止させて仕切弁5を閉じて、オイルバーナー14を燃焼させて分解槽7を加熱する。分解槽7の上部には攪拌モーター17を設け攪拌軸15には羽根16を取付けて回転させ内部の廃プラスチックが均一加熱されるように攪拌する。分解槽7は円筒形として底部は鏡板形状とする鏡板部には円筒形スクリューケース9を設け鏡板とスクリューケースを接続する。スクリューケース9の内部にはスクリューコンベアー10を設け駆動モーター11にて回転させ廃プラスチックの熱分解残渣を定期的に仕切弁13を開きスクリューコンベアー10を駆動させ接続管12を通し外部へ排出する。分解槽7は二重構造として外側には外胴8を設けて下部ベース18と一体構造とする。外胴8の上部には排気口19を設けて燃焼ガスを放出する。分解槽7で加熱された廃プラスチックは溶融温度を温度計20で検出して分解槽上部の仕切弁21を開放し熱分解ガスを導管22を通じて凝縮器23へ導入する。溶融廃プラスチックが設定温度になった時に貯槽1の下部仕切弁5を開にして廃プラスチックを連続投入運転し分解槽7内へ供給し廃プラスチックの熱分解効率を上げるものである。図3は凝縮器拡大図の如く導管22から導入された熱分解ガスは凝縮器23内の多管式スパイラル管24を通過させ凝縮器22の下部冷却水入口26から冷却水を導入し冷却水出口27から排出して多管式スパイラル管24を外部から間接冷却し熱分解ガスを凝縮し油化させて、油化取出口28から取り出すものである。導管22からスパイラル管24に熱分解ガスを均一分散し導入するために多孔板25を設けて熱分解ガスを多管式のスパイラル管24内へ導入し熱分解ガスを凝縮して油化効率を向上させる。また、システム内部の真空度を調整可能な真空ポンプ32を設けることにより、システム内部の気体速度をコントロールし油化効率を通常の自然放出時より向上させる。システム内部を真空状態に維持することにより、システム内部における自然発火を防止する効果も併せ持つ。更に窒素ボンベ34から仕切弁35を開き窒素を分解槽7へ自動的に送り込み安全性を向上させる。
【0005】発明実施の形態
以下、発明の実施形態について説明する。
(イ)破砕された廃プラスチックを貯槽1で定量供給された状態に常時しておき、貯槽1の下部に仕切弁5を設け仕切弁5の出口と接続された円錐形のスクリューケース4の内部に設けた円錐形のスクリューコンベアー2によって分解槽7内へ廃プラスチックを連続投入が出来る。
(ロ)廃プラスチックの投入用スクリューケース4とスクリューコンベアー2は円錐形状になっているので円錐形の小径部が分解槽7側になる形状になっていることにより貯槽1から落下した廃プラスチックはスクリューケース4の出口では廃プラスチックが圧縮されることにより減溶され密度が高くなることにより分解槽7内部で発生する熱分解ガスが貯槽1へ逆流することを防止出来る。
(ハ)分解槽7は堅形円筒形の外側に外胴8を設けて二重構造とする。
(ニ)分解槽7の上部には攪拌モニター17を設け撹拌軸15と連結され羽根16により廃プラスチックを撹拌し均一加熱を行う。
(ホ)分解槽7の底部には直火式加熱装置を設け直火式バーナー14により廃プラスチックの加熱溶融を行う。
(ヘ)分解槽7の下部に廃プラスチックの熱分解残渣を分解槽7と接続されたスクリューケース9とスクリューコンベアー10により外部へ排出することが出来る。
(ト)分解槽7の上部には仕切弁21を設け分解槽7内部で発生する熱分解ガスを導管22で凝縮器23と接続して熱分解ガスを油化させる。
(チ)窒素ボンベ34から窒素ガスを仕切弁35の自動開閉により分解槽7内部へ送り込み、分解槽7内部で発生した熱分解ガスの自然発火による燃焼予防及び燃焼防止をさせることが出来る。
(リ)凝縮器23の内部は多管式として、熱分解ガスの通過する管にはスパイラル管を使用し管内での接触面を増すことで油化効率を増加させることが出来る。
(ヌ)凝縮器23の熱分解ガス入口には多孔板25を設けて熱分解ガスを細分化してスパイラル管24へ効率的に導入することにより熱分解ガスを効率よく油化出来る装置である。
(ル)油化取出口28から取出した油化を油水分離装置29によって効率よく油だけを回収出来る装置である
(ヲ)真空ポンプ32を油水分離装置29に接続する形で設け、システム内部の真空度を調整することにより凝縮器23内を通る熱分解ガスの気体速度の制御が可能になり熱分解ガスを効率よく油化出来る装置である。
【0006】発明の効果
本発明は以上のような構造で破砕された廃プラスチックを分解槽へ貯槽1から連続投入を可能にして、分解槽内で加熱撹拌することにより溶融された廃プラスチックから発生する熱分解ガスを凝縮器で効率的に油化して性状の安定した熱分解油を連続運転して回収出来る構造である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の簡単な縦断図面である。
【符号の説明】
1、貯槽 2、スクリューコンベアー 3、駆動モーター
4、スクリューケース 5、仕切弁 6、外胴
7、分解槽 8、外胴 9、スクリューケース
10、スクリューコンベアー 11、駆動モーター 12、接続管
13、仕切弁 14、オイルバーナー 15、攪拌軸
16、羽根 17、攪拌モーター 18、下部ベース
19、排気口 20、温度計 21、仕切弁
22、導管 23、凝縮器 24、スパイラル管
25、多孔板 26、冷却水入口 27、冷却水出口
28、油化取出口 29、油化分離装置 30、油回収
31、水回収 32、真空ポンプ 33、排気
34、窒素ボンベ 35、仕切弁
[0001] The present invention relates to the decomposition of waste plastics in industrial waste by removing unsuitable oily substances from the waste and crushing them, and then continuously feeding the raw materials from a raw material storage tank into a decomposition tank using a special screw conveyor. The present invention relates to an apparatus capable of efficiently collecting pyrolysis oil by water-cooling and condensing continuously generated gas by continuously melting waste plastic in a tank.
2. Description of the Related Art Waste plastics include solid fuels which are compressed into solids and powdered fuels which are made into powder and burned. Waste plastic is used as it is as fuel for boilers or directly burned as fuel for waste combustion plants and used as thermal energy. However, in consideration of fuel controllability, transportability, transportation cost, storability, etc., there are many advantages of using oil fuel. In addition, in the conventional thermal decomposition apparatus, batch processing is mainly used, and the operation rate of the decomposition tank is poor, so that continuous operation cannot be performed.
[0003] The present invention has not been implemented until now because of technical problems and cost problems. Waste plastic is crushed by a pyrolysis oiler, then waste plastic is continuously charged into the cracking tank, and the pyrolyzed gasified gas that has been pyrolyzed is condensed with water to recover the pyrolysis oil efficiently. It is.
Means for solving the problem The crushed waste plastic is always supplied to the storage tank 1 in a constant amount, and the lower part of the storage tank 1 is connected to a screw case 4. A screw conveyor 2 is provided inside a screw case 4 and rotated by a drive motor 3 to continuously supply waste plastic to a decomposition tank 7. The screw case 4 is provided with an outer shell 6 at the input port of the decomposition tank 7 so that the screw case 4 can be heated to heat the screw case 4 and indirectly heat the waste plastic from the outside. The screw case 4 and the screw conveyor 2 are enlarged in FIG. As shown in the figure, the waste plastic dropped from the storage tank 1 in a conical shape is sent by a screw conveyor 2 introduced into a screw case 4. At this time, when the feed amount at the tip of the screw conveyor 2 is constant, the blade outer diameter of the screw conveyor 2 is smaller at the outlet portion than at the inlet portion, so the feed amount is reduced, the waste plastic is compressed, the density becomes higher, and the decomposition tank 7 is removed. Since the space between the storage tank 1 and the storage tank 1 is sealed with waste plastic, the pyrolysis gas does not flow back to the storage tank 1, so that the waste plastic can be continuously charged. Regarding the pre-process in which the waste plastic is continuously charged, the screw conveyor 2 is stopped after the waste plastic in the storage tank 1 is charged into the decomposition tank 7, the gate valve 5 is closed, and the oil burner 14 is burned to crack the decomposition tank. Heat 7 A stirring motor 17 is provided in the upper part of the decomposition tank 7 and a blade 16 is mounted on the stirring shaft 15 and rotated to stir so that the waste plastic inside is uniformly heated. The decomposition tank 7 has a cylindrical shape and the bottom has a mirror plate shape. A cylindrical screw case 9 is provided in the mirror plate portion, and the mirror plate and the screw case are connected. A screw conveyor 10 is provided inside the screw case 9 and rotated by a drive motor 11 to periodically open the gate valve 13 for the pyrolysis residue of the waste plastic. The screw conveyor 10 is driven to discharge through the connection pipe 12 to the outside. The disassembly tank 7 is provided with an outer shell 8 on the outside as a double structure, and is integrated with the lower base 18. An exhaust port 19 is provided at an upper portion of the outer body 8 to emit combustion gas. The waste plastic heated in the cracking tank 7 detects the melting temperature with a thermometer 20, opens the gate valve 21 at the top of the cracking tank, and introduces the pyrolysis gas into the condenser 23 through the conduit 22. When the temperature of the molten waste plastic reaches the set temperature, the lower gate valve 5 of the storage tank 1 is opened, and the waste plastic is continuously charged and supplied to the decomposition tank 7 to increase the thermal decomposition efficiency of the waste plastic. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the condenser, in which the pyrolysis gas introduced from the conduit 22 passes through the multi-tube spiral tube 24 in the condenser 23, and the cooling water is introduced from the lower cooling water inlet 26 of the condenser 22 and the cooling water is cooled. The multi-tubular spiral tube 24 is discharged from the outlet 27 and indirectly cooled from the outside to condense the pyrolysis gas to make it oily and take it out from the oiling outlet 28. In order to uniformly disperse and introduce the pyrolysis gas from the conduit 22 to the spiral tube 24, a perforated plate 25 is provided, the pyrolysis gas is introduced into the multi-tube spiral tube 24, and the pyrolysis gas is condensed to improve the oil conversion efficiency. Improve. Further, by providing a vacuum pump 32 capable of adjusting the degree of vacuum inside the system, the gas velocity inside the system is controlled, and the oiling efficiency is improved as compared with the normal spontaneous discharge. Maintaining a vacuum inside the system also has the effect of preventing spontaneous ignition within the system. Further, the gate valve 35 is opened from the nitrogen cylinder 34 to automatically feed nitrogen into the decomposition tank 7 to improve safety.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described.
(B) The crushed waste plastic is constantly supplied in a constant amount in the storage tank 1, and a gate valve 5 is provided at a lower portion of the storage tank 1, and the inside of the conical screw case 4 connected to an outlet of the gate valve 5. The waste plastic can be continuously charged into the decomposition tank 7 by the conical screw conveyor 2 provided in the above.
(B) Since the screw case 4 and the screw conveyor 2 for charging the waste plastic have a conical shape, the waste plastic dropped from the storage tank 1 due to the conical small-diameter portion being on the side of the decomposition tank 7 At the outlet of the screw case 4, the waste plastic is compressed to be dissolved and reduced in density, and the density increases, so that the pyrolysis gas generated inside the decomposition tank 7 can be prevented from flowing back to the storage tank 1.
(C) The disassembling tank 7 is provided with an outer shell 8 on the outside of a rigid cylindrical shape to have a double structure.
(D) A stirring monitor 17 is provided at the upper part of the decomposition tank 7 and is connected to the stirring shaft 15 to stir the waste plastic by the blade 16 to perform uniform heating.
(E) A direct-fired heating device is provided at the bottom of the decomposition tank 7, and the waste plastic is heated and melted by the direct-fired burner 14.
(F) Thermal decomposition residue of waste plastic can be discharged to the outside by a screw case 9 and a screw conveyor 10 connected to the decomposition tank 7 at the lower part of the decomposition tank 7.
(G) A gate valve 21 is provided at the upper part of the decomposition tank 7, and the pyrolysis gas generated inside the decomposition tank 7 is connected to the condenser 23 through the conduit 22 to convert the pyrolysis gas into oil.
(H) Nitrogen gas is sent from the nitrogen cylinder 34 to the inside of the decomposition tank 7 by automatically opening and closing the gate valve 35, whereby the pyrolysis gas generated inside the decomposition tank 7 can be prevented from burning due to spontaneous ignition and combustion.
(I) The inside of the condenser 23 is a multi-tube type, and a spiral pipe is used as a pipe through which the pyrolysis gas passes, and the oiling efficiency can be increased by increasing the contact surface in the pipe.
(D) An apparatus capable of efficiently converting the pyrolysis gas into oil by providing a porous plate 25 at the pyrolysis gas inlet of the condenser 23 and dividing the pyrolysis gas into the spiral tube 24 efficiently.
(L) A device capable of efficiently recovering only oil from the oilification outlet 28 by the oil-water separator 29. (ヲ) A vacuum pump 32 is provided so as to be connected to the oil-water separator 29, and By adjusting the degree of vacuum, the gas velocity of the pyrolysis gas passing through the inside of the condenser 23 can be controlled, and the pyrolysis gas can be efficiently turned into oil.
According to the present invention, waste plastic crushed by the above-mentioned structure can be continuously charged into the decomposition tank from the storage tank 1 and is generated from the molten waste plastic by heating and stirring in the decomposition tank. In this structure, the pyrolysis gas is efficiently converted to oil by the condenser, and the pyrolysis oil with stable properties can be recovered by continuous operation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a simplified longitudinal drawing of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, storage tank 2, screw conveyor 3, drive motor 4, screw case 5, gate valve 6, outer shell 7, disassembly tank 8, outer shell 9, screw case 10, screw conveyor 11, drive motor 12, connection pipe 13, partition Valve 14, oil burner 15, stirring shaft 16, blade 17, stirring motor 18, lower base 19, exhaust port 20, thermometer 21, partition valve 22, conduit 23, condenser 24, spiral tube 25, perforated plate 26, cooling Water inlet 27, cooling water outlet 28, oily outlet 29, oily separator 30, oil recovery 31, water recovery 32, vacuum pump 33, exhaust 34, nitrogen cylinder 35, gate valve

Claims (4)

廃プラスチックで油化不適切物を除去して破砕処理された物を、分解槽内へ連続送入して分解槽内と連続送入装置の間を廃プラスチックの密度を高めて減容化して密閉状態にする機能を設けた熱分解油化装置。The waste plastic is removed from unoiled materials and crushed, and the material is continuously fed into the cracking tank to increase the density of the waste plastic between the cracking tank and the continuous feeding device to reduce the volume. Pyrolysis oiler with a function to make it hermetically sealed. 上記【請求項1】において分解槽から発生する熱分解ガスを導入する水冷凝縮器入口に熱分解ガスを細分化する装置を設けた熱分解油化装置。The thermal cracking oil converting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a device for segmenting the thermal cracking gas is provided at the inlet of the water-cooled condenser for introducing the thermal cracking gas generated from the cracking tank. 上記【請求項2】において水冷凝縮器は胴側を水としてチューブ内に熱分解ガスを通過させるチューブとしてスパイラル管を使用し熱分解油の回収率を高める装置を設けた熱分解油化装置。2. The thermal cracking oil converting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the water-cooled condenser uses a spiral tube as a tube through which thermal cracking gas passes through the tube with the body side being water, and a device for increasing the recovery rate of the thermal cracking oil is provided. 装置内部の真空度調整による熱分解ガスの気体速度制御を真空ポンプを設けて行うことにより熱分解油の回収率を高める熱分解油化装置。A pyrolysis oil liquefaction apparatus that increases the recovery rate of pyrolysis oil by providing a vacuum pump to control the gas velocity of pyrolysis gas by adjusting the degree of vacuum inside the apparatus.
JP2002383220A 2002-12-03 2002-12-03 Apparatus for thermally decomposing and liquefying waste plastic Pending JP2004182961A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104250557A (en) * 2013-06-26 2014-12-31 窦洪波 Cracking reactor for waste organics
JP2019094408A (en) * 2017-11-21 2019-06-20 株式会社綿谷製作所 Liquefaction device of waste plastic

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104250557A (en) * 2013-06-26 2014-12-31 窦洪波 Cracking reactor for waste organics
JP2019094408A (en) * 2017-11-21 2019-06-20 株式会社綿谷製作所 Liquefaction device of waste plastic
JP7029723B2 (en) 2017-11-21 2022-03-04 アグリ・キュルチュール軽井沢株式会社 Waste plastic oiling equipment

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