JP2004169464A - Construction equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide construction equipment which is improved in maintainability of a capacitor and ease of cooling. <P>SOLUTION: According to the construction equipment, a hydraulic pump (47) is driven by a generator motor (55) alone, or by an engine (41) and the generator motor (55), and hydraulic pressure is operated by the operator in a cab (11), to thereby drive a work unit (7) and carry out work. The construction equipment has the capacitor (17) arranged in a cab bearing member (15) which bears the cab (11) at a location under the cab (11). The capacitor (17) supplies driving energy to the generator motor (55). The cab bearing member (15) has an opening (23) for loading/unloading the capacitor (17) therein/therefrom. Further the construction equipment has an inverter (61) arranged in a suction chamber (37) which is located behind the cab (11), for sucking cooled air from the engine (41), and in the vicinity of the capacitor (17). The inverter (61) functions to control the generator motor (55). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a construction machine, and more particularly, to a construction machine that operates a working machine by pressure oil of a hydraulic pump driven by a generator motor (or a simple motor) that receives power from a power storage device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, improvement of construction machines has been proposed so that a work machine is operated by using an electric motor instead of an engine as a drive source so as to be suitable for environmental protection purposes due to environmental problems such as noise and exhaust gas. As one example, a hydraulic shovel described in Patent Document 1 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is known. In the hydraulic excavator, an upper swing body 75 includes a swing frame 76, a cabin 77, and the like. The swing frame 76 includes an engine 78 as a drive source, a generator 79 driven by the engine, and a plurality of batteries 80a. A power storage device 80, a turning motor 81, a speed reducer 82 for reducing the rotational force of the turning motor 81 and transmitting the torque to a turning mechanism (turn gear), a boom motor 83, and the boom motor A boom hydraulic pump 84 rotationally driven by the motor 83 is provided. In the excavation attachment 85 mounted on the front part of the upper revolving unit 75, an arm motor 86 and an arm hydraulic pump 87 driven by the arm motor 88 are provided in an arm cylinder 88, and a bucket motor 89 is provided. The bucket hydraulic pump 90 driven by this is provided in the bucket cylinder 91.
[0003]
Power storage device 80 stores surplus power from generator 79, drives the motors 83, 86, 89 as needed, and stores power generated by regenerative control of motors 83, 86, 89. For example, a total of 48 batteries 80a in which 24 batteries 80a are connected in series, two batteries having a voltage of 288V DC are connected in parallel, and are disposed on both sides of the center selection A I have. In the illustrated example, a total of 48 batteries 80a are provided in the left deck portion 76A, 26 batteries, and in the right deck portion 76B, 22 batteries 80a.
The 26 batteries 80a provided on the left deck portion 76A are arranged in six rows with one along the boom support portion 92a supporting the boom 92, and 22 batteries 80a provided on the right deck portion 76B. The pieces are arranged in four rows along one row along the boom support portion 92a. The arrangement height position is provided between the revolving frame 76 and the deck plate 76a which is separately arranged on the revolving frame 76.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-11889 A (Paragraph [0023], Paragraph [0029] on page 3, FIG. 1, FIG. 3)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-mentioned conventional electric drive type construction machine, since a large number of batteries 80a are installed at a plurality of locations, it is very difficult to perform battery inspection work and replacement work when the battery is exhausted, and it takes a long time to perform maintenance. Absent. Also, since a large number of batteries 80a are used, and the batteries 80a are connected in series and in parallel by wiring, a large number of wirings are required only for the wiring connecting the batteries 80a, and the wiring is long. Further, since a plurality of combinations of the batteries 80a are separately mounted at two locations, the batteries 80a are installed separately from an inverter for driving a motor, etc. Since long wiring between the electric motors 81 and the like is required and the wiring becomes complicated, there is a problem that the driving efficiency and the regenerative efficiency are reduced, and electric noise generated from the long wiring is easily received.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a construction machine that improves maintenance of a power storage device and facilitates cooling.
[0007]
Means for Solving the Problems, Functions and Effects
In order to achieve the above object, a first invention according to the present invention is to drive a working machine by driving a hydraulic pump with a generator motor or an engine and a generator motor and operating the hydraulic oil in a cab. In the construction machine that performs the work, a power storage device that supplies the driving energy of the generator motor is arranged below the cab, inside a cab supporting member that supports the cab, and the cab supporting member includes the power storage device. An opening through which the power storage device can enter and exit is provided.
[0008]
According to the first invention, in the construction machine, since the power storage device is disposed below the cab and can enter and exit through the opening provided in the cab support member, the power storage device can be inspected or replaced when the power storage device is out of service or fails. Work becomes very easy, and maintainability can be improved. In addition, since the power storage device is disposed only at one location below the cab, inspection work and replacement work of the power storage device become very easy. Further, since the power storage device is installed below the operator's cab, a large space is obtained, so that the installation operation and the replacement operation are easy, and the power storage device can be efficiently cooled by the outside air.
[0009]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, an inverter is provided behind the operator's cab, the inverter controlling the generator / motor is provided in an intake chamber for sucking cooling air of the engine and near the power storage device. It has a configuration.
[0010]
According to the second invention, since the inverter for controlling the generator / motor is disposed in the intake room provided behind the cab and near the power storage device, the wiring between the power storage device and the inverter is short. As a result, the wiring is simplified, so that the driving efficiency of the generator / motor can be improved and the generation of electric noise can be reduced. Furthermore, when the generator / motor is driven as a generator by the surplus torque of the engine or the regenerative torque of the load, and the generated energy is stored in the power storage device via the inverter, the regenerative efficiency can be improved. Further, since the inverter is disposed in the intake chamber and is cooled by cooling air (outside air) by a fan, a rise in the temperature of the inverter can be easily suppressed, and the reliability of the device can be improved.
[0011]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, at least a battery for starting an engine is disposed in the intake chamber.
[0012]
According to the third invention, at least a battery (for normal electrical components) for starting the engine is disposed in the intake chamber behind the cab in which the power storage device is installed below. Thus, the battery is cooled by the cooling air (outside air) from the fan, so that the temperature rise can be suppressed, and the reliability can be improved.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
First, a configuration of a construction machine according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a side view of a hydraulic shovel as an example of a machine to which the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a plan view of an upper slewing body of the hydraulic shovel according to the embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view, FIG. 4 is a side view of a main part of an upper revolving structure according to the embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a front view of a main part of the upper revolving structure according to the embodiment.
[0014]
1 and 2, a hydraulic excavator 1 is attached to a lower traveling body 3, an upper revolving body 5 rotatably mounted on the lower traveling body 3, and a front part of the upper revolving body 5 so as to be capable of raising and lowering. And a work machine 7 for performing work such as excavation.
The upper revolving superstructure 5 is provided at the rear of the revolving frame 9, the driver's cab 11 installed on the driver's cab support member 15 at the left front part of the upper part of the revolving frame 9, and the engine 41 and engine-related equipment. An engine room 13 and the like accommodating various types are provided. In addition, a bracket 7a that supports the work implement 7 so as to be able to swing up and down is disposed at a substantially central portion on the front side of the turning frame 9.
[0015]
The operator cab 11 is attached to the upper surface of an operator cab support member 15 attached to the upper part of the turning frame 9 via a predetermined number of buffer mounts 11a. The driver's cab support member 15 has a gate shape (see FIG. 5) when viewed from the front, and has openings 23 at front and rear portions, respectively, and the center of the gate shape is separated from the upper surface of the revolving frame 9 by a predetermined distance. It is formed.
[0016]
1 to 5, the cab supporting member 15 has a space Rm (shown in FIGS. 4 and 5) for accommodating the power storage device 17 therein and between the turning frame 9 and the predetermined distance. are doing. The operator cab support member 15 has an exterior cover on the front surface and an exterior cover on the side surface. The lid is opened when the power storage device 17 is pulled out from the front opening 23.
[0017]
The power storage device 17 includes a power storage device 19 that stores (charges) electric power, and a storage device bracket 21 on which the power storage device 19 is mounted and that is provided on the turning frame 9 so as to be movable in the vehicle front-rear direction. The battery 19 is placed on the bracket 21 for the battery so that it can enter and exit through the opening 23 in front of the cab supporting member 15. In the present embodiment, a capacitor capable of storing a high-voltage and high-capacity charge is used for the capacitor 19, and its maximum operating voltage is, for example, 350 V DC. The storage device 19 may be any device that can store high-voltage and high-capacity electric charges in a compact manner, such as a lithium battery.
[0018]
Also, the battery bracket 21 is formed of a sheet metal structure including a shaped steel member 21a and the like, and C-shaped lip channel steel members 21b, 21b are fixed to both side surfaces thereof. Rolling wheels 25a of a moving means such as a cam follower 25 are rotatably inserted into the grooves of the lip channel steel members 21b, 21b. It is movably supported. The cam follower 25 is mounted on the turning frame 9 by a support bracket 27.
[0019]
Although not limited to the above configuration, although not shown, cam followers 25 are mounted on both side surfaces of the storage battery bracket 21, and a C-shaped lip channel steel member 21 b attached to the revolving frame 9 side. The rolling wheel 25a of the cam follower 25 may be rotatably inserted into the groove of the cam follower 25 so as to movably support the storage battery bracket 21.
Although not shown, two rows of linear flat rollers may be arranged between the lower surface of the storage battery bracket 21 and the upper surface of the turning frame 9 to support the storage battery bracket 21 slidably. The battery bracket 21 may be formed of an iron plate, and the battery 19 may be movably supported via the iron plate using a cam follower 25, a linear flat roller, or a plurality of ball ball bearings. Of course not.
[0020]
A handle 21c is attached to the front end of the battery bracket 21. The power storage device 17 having the battery 19 mounted on the battery bracket 21 through the opening 23 by grasping and pushing and pulling the handle 21c. Is allowed to enter and exit.
The storage battery bracket 21 has a gate-shaped (front view) fixing bracket 29 for fixing the storage battery 19 via a buffer plate 29a made of rubber, synthetic resin, or the like attached to the inside.
[0021]
On the front side of the battery storage bracket 21, a fixing bolt 31 for locking the front and rear movement of the battery storage bracket 21 is attached. Rubber or the like is fixed to the fixing bolt 31 and locks the movement in the front-rear direction without damaging the battery bracket 21. On the other hand, a positioning plate 21d is fixedly provided behind the battery bracket 21. It is more preferable to attach a buffer plate such as rubber to the positioning plate 21d.
[0022]
A hanging bolt 33 is attached to the fixing bracket 29. When the power storage device 19 is worn out, the power storage device 17 is pulled out by a predetermined amount, and then the hanging bolt 33 is hooked with a hook such as a crane. 17 can be lifted and replaced.
[0023]
The fixing bracket 29 is formed by connecting a plate material that is in contact with the upper surface of the battery 19 via the buffer plate 29a and that is longer than the left and right width of the battery 19, and by connecting both ends of the plate and the turning frame 9 to the battery. 19 may be used as a bolt.
[0024]
Behind the cab 11, an intake chamber 37, a part of which forms the engine room 13, is formed on the turning frame 9 adjacent to the cab 11. The engine room 13 houses an engine 41, a fan 43, a radiator 45, a hydraulic pump 47, a hydraulic valve 49, a hydraulic oil tank 51, a fuel tank 53, a generator motor 55, a regenerative motor 59, and the like.
The engine room 13 is partitioned by a shielding plate 57 outside the radiator 45, and an intake chamber 37 is formed on the opposite side of the shielding plate 57 from the engine 41 (the front side in the engine crankshaft direction).
[0025]
The hydraulic pump 47, the generator motor 55, and the regenerative motor 59 are connected to the engine 41 via a power take-out device (hereinafter, referred to as PTO) 46. The hydraulic pump 47 sucks and pressurizes the oil in the hydraulic oil tank 51, switches the pressure oil with a hydraulic valve 49 operated by an operation lever provided in the cab 11, and controls each actuator (boom cylinder, boom cylinder, Swing motor, etc.). The hydraulic valve 49 is integrally provided with a plurality of main valves for driving respective actuators of the work machine 7 in a stacked manner.
[0026]
The regenerative motor 59 is connected to one main valve of the hydraulic valve 49 by a first pipe (not shown) and to the hydraulic oil tank 51 by a second pipe (not shown). The regenerative motor 59 operates by receiving the return pressure of each actuator from the hydraulic valve 49, adds the regenerative torque to the output torque of the engine 41 via the PTO 46, and recovers energy.
[0027]
The generator / motor 55 is connected to the inverter 61 by wiring (not shown). When the generator / motor 55 is controlled by the inverter 61 as an electric motor, the generator / motor 55 is rotated and driven as a generator by the surplus torque of the engine 41 and the regenerative torque of the regenerative motor 59 via the PTO 46. There are times when it is done.
[0028]
The intake chamber 37 houses an inverter 61 and a battery 63 therein, and the inverter 61 is disposed adjacent to the battery 19 and the battery 63 is disposed adjacent to the inverter 61. The inverter 61 and the battery 63 are arranged on the turning frame 9. Note that the battery 63 is composed of two batteries in this example, but is not limited to this.
[0029]
The inverter 61 is connected to the adjacent battery 19 via a short wiring 65. The wiring 65 is connected with the shortest length since the inverter 61 and the battery 19 are arranged adjacent to each other. The inverter 61 controls the rotation of the generator / motor 55 using the stored energy of the battery 19 as an electric motor, or stores (charges) the energy generated by the generator / motor 55 in the battery 19. As a result, the drive efficiency of the inverter 61 and the regenerative efficiency of the generator motor 55 can be increased, and the electrical noise generated from the wiring 65 can be reduced, thereby improving the reliability of the device.
[0030]
The battery 63 is used for power supply for starting the engine, for measuring instruments such as sensors and controllers, or for lighting, and outputs a voltage of, for example, 24 VDC. The battery 63 is connected to the battery 19 via a wiring 67, a charger 69, and a wiring 68. The battery 63 is charged by receiving a voltage of the battery 19 (DC350) converted to 24V DC by the charger 69. ing. As a result, the battery 63 receives the energy generated by the generator / motor 55 from the battery 19, thereby increasing the charging rate and enabling long-time use. Therefore, the inspection interval time and the replacement interval time can be increased. The maintainability has improved.
[0031]
An intake hole 71 is formed in a cover that covers the intake chamber 37, and the electric storage device 19, the inverter 61, and the battery 63 are cooled by the cooling air from the intake hole 71 generated by suction of the fan 43 rotated by driving of the engine 41. , Is cooled in the intake chamber 37. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress a rise in the temperature of the storage device 19 and the inverter 61, and it is possible to improve the reliability of the inverter 61 that is weak to heat.
[0032]
The operation and effect of the above configuration will be described.
In the hydraulic excavator 1, the engine 41 is driven to rotate the hydraulic pump 47 to suck and pressurize the oil in the hydraulic oil tank 51, and the hydraulic oil drives the hydraulic cylinders 7b (shown in FIG. 1) and other actuators. The work machine 7 is operated to perform operations such as excavation and leveling.
At this time, when the output torque of the engine 41 is smaller than the drive torque of the hydraulic pump 47, the energy stored in the battery 19 is supplied to the generator motor 55 via the inverter 61 to drive the generator motor 55 as a motor, The hydraulic pump 47 is driven to rotate by the added torque of the engine 41 and the generator / motor 55. When the output torque of the engine 41 is larger than the drive torque of the hydraulic pump 47 or when the regenerative torque of the regenerative motor 59 is larger than the drive torque of the hydraulic pump 47, the output torque of the engine 41 or the regenerative motor 59 The hydraulic pump 47 is rotationally driven only by the torque, and the excess torque is used to rotate the generator / motor 55 to generate electric power. The energy generated by the generator / motor 55 is stored in the electric storage device 19 of the electric storage device 17 via the inverter 61. (Charging).
[0033]
When the power storage device 19 reaches the end of its life or breaks down, the power storage device 17 is pulled out by the handle 21 and taken out of the opening 23. For example, when the suspension bolt 33 (shown on the left side in FIGS. 3 and 4) on the side of the front opening 23 is pulled out, a chain is hung on the suspension bolt 33, and the power storage device 17 is suspended outside by a crane or the like.
Further, when the power storage device 17 is pulled out and the suspension bolt 33 (right side in the drawing) on the intake chamber side is pulled out, the power storage device 17 is hung by a crane or the like with a chain hooked. In this state, the power storage device 17 is entirely pulled out by a crane or the like.
[0034]
Next, a new power storage device 17 is mounted in the reverse process. First, the power storage device 17 is hung by a crane or the like with a chain hung on the suspension bolt 33. Next, power storage device 17 is inserted into space Rm through front opening 23, and lip channel steel member 21 b of power storage device 17 is inserted into rolling wheel 25 a of cam follower 25.
When the suspension bolt 33 (right side in the drawing) on the intake chamber side reaches the position of the front opening 23, the chain is removed, and the power storage device 17 is movably supported by the rolling wheels 25a of the cam follower 25. Then, the power storage device 17 is pushed by the handle 21.
[0035]
Further, when the front suspension bolt 33 (the left side in the figure) comes to the position of the front opening 23, the chain is removed, and the entire power storage device 17 is supported by the rolling wheels 25 a of the cam follower 25 so as to be movable. Thereafter, when the power storage device 17 is pushed into a predetermined position, the fixing bolt 31 is inserted into the turning frame 9, and the replacement of the power storage device 17 is completed.
[0036]
As described above, since the power storage device 17 is easily put in and out through the opening 23 of the cab supporting member 15, the replacement can be completed in a short time. Furthermore, since the heavy power storage device 17 is configured to be movable by moving means such as the cam follower 25, the loading / unloading operation can be easily performed. As a result, maintainability can be improved.
[0037]
In addition, a small number of capacitors, lithium-ion batteries, or the like that can charge and discharge a high-voltage and a high-current at a high frequency and a high frequency with a small number are used as the capacitors 19. Since the wiring 65 connecting the battery 19 is a short wiring and is connected in a simple shape, the driving efficiency of the generator motor 55 by the inverter 61 and the regeneration efficiency by the generator motor 55 are improved, and the wiring It is possible to reduce the generation of electrical noise from the device 65 and improve the reliability of the device. Further, since the battery 19 is provided at one location below the cab, inspection work and replacement work are easy.
[0038]
In addition, the engine 41 drives the fan 43 to rotate, and sucks outside air through the intake hole 71 (arrow Ya). By cooling the battery 19 and the inverter 61 at a low temperature by this outside air, the temperature rise of the battery 19 and the inverter 61 is suppressed, so that it is possible to prevent the operation temperature from becoming high and the operation becoming unstable. Thus, the reliability of these heat-sensitive devices can be improved. Further, since the electric storage device 19 is housed alone in the space Rm below the cab 11, the electric storage device 19 can be efficiently cooled by the outside air in a wide space.
[0039]
A battery 63 for a normal electrical component is disposed in the intake chamber 37 behind the cab 11. For this reason, since the battery 63 is cooled by the cooling air (outside air) by the fan 43, the temperature rise can be suppressed, and the reliability can be improved. Further, since the distance between the battery 63 and the power storage device 17 installed below the operator's cab 11 is shortened, wiring for charging the battery 63 with the power storage device 19 of the power storage device 17 charged by the generator motor 55 is used. Loss due to resistance can be reduced, and charging efficiency can be increased.
[0040]
Conventionally, since a large number of batteries 80a are used, a large number of large installation places are required instead of being accommodated in one place. However, in the present invention, only the rigidity of the turning frame 9 below the cab needs to be increased, so that the weight can be reduced as compared with the conventional case.
[0041]
In the above embodiment, the hydraulic pump 47 is driven by the engine 41, the generator motor 55, and the regenerative motor. However, the hydraulic pump 47 is driven only by the generator motor 55 or by the engine 41 and the generator motor 55. You may. Further, or alternatively, in an electric drive type construction machine, it may be driven by a motor (electric motor).
Further, in the above example, a chain is hung on the hanging bolts 33, but a belt such as a nylon sling may be hung on the power storage device 17 and hung by a crane or the like. Further, power storage device 17 may be lifted using a forklift or the like instead of a crane.
[0042]
Further, in the above embodiment, the example of the hydraulic excavator has been described, but the present invention can be applied to various construction machines such as a hydraulic excavator with an earth discharging plate, a wheel loader, and a mobile crane. Further, the fan can be used in either a suction type or an extrusion type.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a hydraulic excavator which is an example of a machine to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of an upper swing body portion of the hydraulic excavator according to the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of a main part of an upper rotating body according to the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a side view of a main part of an upper rotating body according to the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a front view of a main part of an upper swing body according to the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a device arrangement side view of a hydraulic shovel according to the related art.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a device arrangement of a hydraulic shovel according to the related art.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Hydraulic excavator, 3 ... Lower traveling body, 5 ... Upper revolving superstructure, 7 ... Work implement, 9 ... Revolving frame, 11 ... Operating room, 13 ... Engine room, 15 ... Operating room support member, 17 ... Power storage device, 19 ... Battery, 21 ... Battery bracket, 21c ... Handle, 23 ... Opening, 25 ... Cam follower (moving means), 25a ... Rolling wheel, 29 ... Fixing bracket, 29a ... Buffer plate, 33 ... Hanging bolt, 37 ... Suction Chamber 41: Engine 43: Fan 45: Radiator 46: Power take-off device (PTO) 47: Hydraulic pump 49: Hydraulic valve 51: Hydraulic oil tank 53: Fuel tank 55: Generator motor 57: shielding plate, 59: regenerative motor, 61: inverter, 63: battery, 65: wiring, 67: first wiring, 69: charger.

Claims (3)

The hydraulic pump (47) is driven by the generator motor (55) or the engine (41) and the generator motor (55), and the hydraulic oil is operated in the cab (11) to drive the work machine (7). Construction machinery
A power storage device (17) that supplies driving energy for the generator motor (55) is disposed below the cab (11) and inside a cab supporting member (15) that supports the cab (11); A construction machine characterized in that an opening (23) through which the power storage device (17) can enter and exit is provided in the cab support member (15). The generator motor (55) is controlled in an intake chamber (37) provided behind the operator's cab (11) and for sucking cooling air from the engine (41) and near the power storage device (17). The construction machine according to claim 1, further comprising an inverter (61). The construction machine according to claim 2, wherein a battery (63) for starting at least the engine (41) is disposed in the intake chamber (37).

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