JP2004090087A

JP2004090087A - Structure manufacturing method and device

Info

Publication number: JP2004090087A
Application number: JP2003141613A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Yoshikuni Kato; 加藤　慶訓; Nobumi Hiromoto; 広本　悦己; Katsu Kodama; 児玉　克
Original assignee: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Current assignee: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date: 2002-07-10
Filing date: 2003-05-20
Publication date: 2004-03-25
Anticipated expiration: 2023-05-20
Also published as: JP4427273B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a high strength structure using advantage of friction stir welding by effectively avoiding an L-shaped part or a part rectangularly bent through a radiused shape part in a structure having such parts. <P>SOLUTION: In a manufacturing method of the structure in which a side, a floor and a roof structural units (units) 1, 2, 3 are joined to each other directly or through auxiliary shape materials, the method consists of a process in which auxiliary shape materials are preliminarily jointed to each unit and in which the units are each manufactured so that the joined parts between the units are roughly flush with the side face of the structure; a process in which, with the floor unit 2 installed on a frame, the floor unit 2, and the roof unit 3 are each fixed to the side unit 1 using fixing tools placed oppositely in the width direction of the structure, and in which the joined parts roughly flush with each other between the units are horizontally extended along the outer face or the inner face of the side unit 1; and a process in which a moving rail is arranged along the weld line extending the horizontal direction of the joined parts and in which a bobbin tool 10 is made to run on the moving rail so that the joined parts are welded by friction stir welding. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、シングルスキンパネル（板状パネル）若しくはダブルスキンパネル（二面中空構造体）を用いて形成した側構体、架台設置構体（床構体）、架台上方構体（屋根構体）等を組み合わせてなる構造体、例えば車両、航空機、船舶、家屋、コンテナ等にかかり、特にボビンツールを用いた摩擦撹拌接合により製造される構造体の製造方法とその装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、例えば鉄道車両構造において、特開平２−２４６８６３号公報（特許文献１）に、車両の左右の側構体、床構体、屋根構体等を長手方向に延在する長尺のダブルスキンパネル若しくはシングルスキンパネルを長手方向にのみ接合するだけで、前記側構体、床構体、屋根構体等が形成され、作業性の向上とともに、溶接ひずみの発生が少なくなり、歪取り、仕上げ作業の削減を図った技術が開示されている。
【０００３】
一方、特表平７−５０５０９０号公報（特許文献２）には、摩擦攪拌による固相接合方法として長尺材同士の新規な接合方法が開示されており、かかる接合方法は、加工物より実質的に硬い材質からなる回転ツ−ルを加工物の溶接部に挿入し、回転ツ−ルを回転させながら移動することにより、回転ツ−ルと加工物との間に生じる摩擦熱による塑性流動によって加工物を接合する接合方法で、かかる摩擦溶接法は、溶接部材を固相状態で、回転ツ−ルを回転させながら移動させて軟化させた固相部分を一体化しつつ接合できるために、熱歪みがなく溶接方向に対して実質的に無限に長い長尺材でもその長手方向に連続的に固相接合できるという利点がある。さらに、回転ツ−ルと溶接部材との摩擦熱による金属の塑性流動を利用した固相接合のため、接合部を溶融させることなく接合できる。また、加熱温度が低いため、接合後の変形が少ない。接合部は溶融されないため、欠陥が少ないなどの多くの利点がある。
【０００４】
次に摩擦撹拌接合に使用される回転工具について説明する。摩擦撹拌接合は前記特表平７−５０５０９０号に開示されているように、ブローブ型とボビンツール型の回転工具が存在し、図１１（Ａ）に示すように、プローブ型の回転工具２０は、ショルダ部２１とこのショルダ部２１に設けられたプローブ２２とを備えており、このショルダ部２１は円形ショルダ面を有している。そして、複数の型材を突き合わせ、若しくは嵌合された状態の接合線上面より、前記回転工具２０を回転させて、プローブ２２を被加工物の接合線に設けた不図示の孔に侵入させるとともに、被加工物１〜３の接合線上で摺接回転するショルダ部２１の円形ショルダ面によって被加工物１〜３に摩擦熱が付与されるとともに、プローブ２２周囲が塑性流動化し、この状態で回転工具２０を接合線に沿って移動させることにより、接合線周囲が塑性流動化しながら接合線に沿って２つの素材が圧力を受けつつ撹拌混練され、プローブの後方側に移行する。この結果塑性流動した素材は後方側で摩擦熱を失って急速に冷却固化するので両パネル板は素材同士が混じり合って完全に一体化した状態で接合される。
又プローブ２２に回転方向に対する逆ネジ２２ａを設けることにより下向きの塑性流動が出来、裏面側の巣や接合不良の欠陥の防止が出来る。
【０００５】
しかしながらかかる接合方法では接合時に摩擦熱を発生させるために、回転工具を接合線側に押しつける必要があり、従ってこの反力に対処するために、裏当金が使用されている。この裏当金は被加工物の面板の裏面に密着させて設置するものであり、大きな加圧力を必要とする。
【０００６】
かかる欠点を解消するために、図１１（Ｂ）に示すように、ボビンツール１０と呼ばれる回転工具が提案されている。
かかる工具は接合する金属板（被加工物１〜３）の表裏両面を挟持するように一定間隔を設けた一対のショルダ１０Ａ、１０Ｂが設けられているとともに、該上下一対のショルダ１０Ａ、１０Ｂ間にプローブ軸１１が設けられているので、接合面の両面において摩擦発熱させることが出来、裏面側の接合不良が生じないのみならず、上下一対のショルダ１０Ａ、１０Ｂ間で互いの反力を受けているために、裏当金が不要になる。
【０００７】
さらに、かかる摩擦攪拌接合を利用して、鉄道車両等の大型構造物に用いられる長尺のダブルスキンパネルからなる中空型材を複数平行に配設したものを突き合わせ接合して摩擦撹拌接合による広幅の二面構造体（パネル）を形成する技術が特許第３１５２４２０号公報（特許文献３）に開示されている。
【０００８】
【特許文献１】
特開平２−２４６８６３号公報
【特許文献２】
特表平７−５０５０９０号公報
【特許文献３】
特許第３１５２４２０号公報
【０００９】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながらかかる技術においては、前記平面状の広幅パネルを製造する場合には有効であるが、例えば車両構造体は、側構体、床構体、屋根構体いずれも必ずしも平面状ではなく、例えば前記側構体、床構体、屋根構体同士の接合もＬ形状若しくはＲ部を介して接合するものであるために、これらの接合部には摩擦撹拌接合のボビンツールでもプローブ型の回転工具のいずれもその接合面に面接触にて当接出来ず、摩擦撹拌熱を印加できないために、実質的に接合させることが出来ない。
【００１０】
本発明はかかる従来技術の欠点に鑑み、構体同士の接合が水平と垂直方向のように矩形状に折れ曲がった部を有する場合、又床構体のようにパネル本体両側に支持枠等を固設する場合でも摩擦撹拌接合の利点を生かしつつ、然も低い熱歪みで高強度の構造体を得ることを目的とする。
又本発明の他の目的はダブルスキンパネルのように、平行する二面からなる二面平行パネルから構体や該構体から車両等の構造体を製造する場合にも摩擦撹拌接合の利点を生かしつつ、然も低い熱歪みで高強度の構造体を得ることを目的とする。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、架台上に床構体を設け、前記床構体の両端部に立設する複数の側構体を設け、前記側構体の端部を結んで床構体の上部に屋根構体を設け、前記各構体の端部が互いに略平面を形成して突き合わされて突合部を構成し、該突合部をボビンツールにより摩擦攪拌接合することを特徴とする。
そして床構体と側構体においては、前記床構体の端部突出部位を側構体に向かって延在させ、該延在させた前記突出部位の端部と側構体の端部とが側構体の端部とが略縦平面を形成して突き合わされて突合部を形成し、該突合部をボビンツールにより摩擦攪拌接合させる。
又屋根構体と側構体においては、前記屋根構体の端部突出部位を側構体に向かって延在させ、前記延在させた前記屋根構体の端部突出部位と側構体の端部が略縦平面を形成して突き合わされて突合部を構成し、前記突合部をボビンツールにより摩擦撹拌接合で接合することを特徴とする。
そしてこの場合に、少なくとも前記各構体のいずれか一は、上下面を有し、上下面間に骨材を有するダブルスキンパネルであるか、若しくは少なくとも前記床構体又は前記屋根構体のいずれか一方が、複数の型材を並べて接合された平面又は曲率を有するダブルスキンパネルであるのがよく、前記ダブルスキンパネルで構成される前記各構体の二面からなる平行接合部を一対のボビンツールで接合することも特徴とする。
【００１２】
そして係る発明を達成するための効果的な製造装置として、前記床構体を載置する前記架台と、前記床構体及び前記側構体並びに前記屋根構体を一体的に固定する複数の固定冶具と、複数の前記固定冶具を支持する門枠と、少なくとも前記床構体と前記側構体の接合線に対面して左右両側に位置する一対の下ボビンツール又は前記屋根構体と前記側構体の接合線に対面して左右両側に位置する一対の上ボビンツールと、前記少なくとも上又は下のボビンツールを水平方向に移動させる移動支持レールとを備えたことを特徴とする構造体製造装置を提案する。
【００１３】
そしてかかる発明は下記のように展開して構成することも出来る。
即ち、側構体のように略垂直の立設構体と、床構体のように架台に設置される構体若しくは該架台設置構体（床構体）と対面する架台上方構体（屋根構体）のように方向次元の異なる複数の構体同士が直接若しくは側梁枠体等の補助型材を介して組み合わせ接合されてなる車両、航空機、船舶、家屋、コンテナ等の構造体において、
前記夫々の構体に側梁枠体等の補助型材を予め接合し、各方向次元の異なる構体間の接合部位が前記構造体側面上で略面一になるように形成した後、架台設置構体を架台に設置した状態で、前記構造体幅方向に対面して位置する固定治具により、前記複数の構体同士を固定した状態で、各構体間の略面一上の接合部位がボビンツールにより接合されていることを特徴とする。
【００１４】
すなわち、前記架台設置構体（床構体）と架台上方構体（屋根構体）については、構造体幅方向端部に側構体の面板方向（略垂直方向）に延在する如く突出部位を延在させ、該突出部位端と側構体の面板とが面一になるように突き合わせ若しくは嵌合によって架台上方構体（屋根構体）と側構体若しくは架台設置構体（床構体）と側構体との接合部位が形成されているものである。
【００１５】
尚、前記架台上方構体（屋根構体）は、複数の型材を並べて摩擦撹拌接合により製造された平面状若しくは大きな曲率を有する広幅パネルであり、該パネルの前記構造体幅方向両端が側構体自由端と略面一になるように接合線が形成されている架台上方構体（屋根構体）であるか、
若しくは前記架台上方構体（屋根構体）が、両端に傾斜型材を接合して傾斜架台上方構体（屋根構体）を形成している場合に、前記傾斜型材に側構体とほぼ面一になるように、略垂直補助型材を垂下してなる架台上方構体（屋根構体）であるのがよい。
そして前記夫々の構体は、シングルスキンパネル、ダブルスキンパネル若しくはこれらのスキンパネルの組み合わせで構成され、例えば側構体、架台設置構体（床構体）、架台上方構体（屋根構体）の各構体の端部にダブルスキンパネルが位置する場合に、該ダブルスキンの自由端が、他の構体の自由端とほぼ同一線上になる如く延在され、夫々の自由端の内部空間にリブが存在しない構成とし、ボビンツールにてパネル外面側と内面側の両者にて、好ましくは同時に摩擦攪拌接合されるのがよい。
【００１６】
かかる発明によれば、側構体、架台設置構体（床構体）、架台上方構体（屋根構体）夫々に側梁枠体等の補助型材を予め接合し、各構体間の接合部位が構造体側面上で略面一になるように形成されているために鉄道車両、航空機、船舶、家屋、コンテナのような長尺且つ大型の構体であっても、摩擦撹拌接合が容易である。
なお、鉄道車両、家屋、コンテナの場合は、側構体、床構体、屋根構体が明瞭に識別できるが、航空機や船舶の場合は垂直平面若しくは略垂直曲面の側構体は存在するが、床構体、屋根構体がいずれも存在するとは限らない。
そこで床構体のように架台（基礎）に設置される構体を架台設置構体とし、一方屋根構体のように一対の側構体に挟まれる床構体の上方に位置する部位を架台上方構体という。
【００１７】
そして前記架台設置構体（床構体）と架台上方構体（屋根構体）については、構造体幅方向端部に側構体の面板方向（垂直方向）に延在する如く突出部位を延在させ、該突出部位端と側構体の面板とが面一になるように架台上方構体（屋根構体）と側構体若しくは架台設置構体（床構体）と側構体との接合部位が形成されていることによって架台設置構体（床構体）を架台に設置した状態で、構造体幅方向に対面して位置する固定治具により、側構体と架台設置構体（床構体）、及び架台上方構体（屋根構体）と側構体同士を固定するだけで、各構体間の略面一上の接合部位が、側構体の外面側若しくは内面側に沿って水平方向に延在される。
従って前記接合部位の水平方向に延在する接合線に沿って移動レールを配設し、該移動レール上に沿ってボビンツールを走行させながら前記接合部位を摩擦撹拌接合すれば、簡単な製造装置で然も高品質な構造体の製造が可能となる。
この場合、ダブルスキンパネルでもその自由端側はリブ等の反力を持たす構成が難しく且つ裏当て部材も取り付けにくいために、ボビンツールを用いることにより円滑に摩擦撹拌接合が可能となる。
すなわち前記パネル自由端が、その内部にリブが存在しない構成とし、自由端同士が突き合わせ若しくは嵌合によって摩擦攪拌接合を用いる場合は、裏当部材やリブ等の反力を持たせられないために、該接合部位の摩擦撹拌接合がボビンツールにより接合されているのがよい。
【００１８】
更に本発明は、側構体、架台設置構体（床構体）、架台上方構体（屋根構体）夫々に側梁枠体等の補助型材を予め接合し、各構体間の接合部位が構造体側面上で略面一になるように各構体を製造する工程と、
前記架台設置構体（床構体）を架台に設置した状態で、前記構造体幅方向に対面して位置する固定治具により、架台設置構体（床構体）と側構体、架台上方構体（屋根構体）と側構体を固定し、各構体間の略面一上の接合部位が、側構体の外面側若しくは内面側に沿って水平方向に延在させてなる工程と、前記接合部位の水平方向に延在する接合線に沿って移動レールを配設し、該移動レール上に沿ってボビンツールを走行させながら前記接合部位を摩擦撹拌接合により接合させる工程とよりなる。
【００１９】
尚、前記架台上方構体（屋根構体）や架台設置構体（床構体）を側構体側に突出する如く補助型材を接合する工程は、前記補助型材と架台上方構体（屋根構体）若しくは架台設置構体（床構体）の端部側接合が摩擦撹拌接合以外の固着手段、例えば両者の折曲した部位における接合を、例えば埋もれアーク溶接により溶接することにより、熱歪みが生じることなく、該折曲部位に荷重集中しても強度低下が生じることはない構造体が得られる。
【００２０】
又本発明は、前記構造体において、
前記構体の少なくとも一の構体若しくは該構体からなる構造体が、複数の二面平行パネルを幅方向に連設して形成される構体若しくは該構体同士の接合であり、該パネル同士若しくは構体同士の接合が一対のボビンツールを利用してパネル表裏両面を同時加工にて接合して得られた構体若しくは構体同士の接合であるのがよい。
この場合、前記構体の少なくとも一の構体が、複数の二面平行パネルを幅方向に連設して形成される構体であり、該パネル同士を垂直方向に略面一になるように連設した状態でその表裏対面する接合部位の接合が一対のボビンツールを利用して同時加工にて接合して得られた構体若しくは構体同士を接合する工程を含む製造方法にて形成されるのがよい。
【００２１】
かかる発明によれば、いわゆる接合が横向き姿勢にて同時接合にて行われるために、接合時の熱変形が大幅に低減するとともに、同時加工にて能率が向上する。
なお、前記二面平行パネルはダブルスキンパネルに限定することなく、シングルスキンパネルを平行に配設して二面平行パネルを形成した場合も含む。
【００２２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を図に示した実施例を用いて詳細に説明する。但し、この実施例に記載される構成部品の寸法、形状、その相対配置などは特に特定的な記載がない限り、この発明の範囲をそれのみに限定する趣旨ではなく単なる説明例に過ぎない。
【００２３】
先ず本発明に適用されるダブルスキンパネルからなる鉄道車両構造体を図３に基づいて説明する。
鉄道車両構造体の構体は、左右の側構体１、床構体２、屋根構体３及び前後面を塞ぐ妻構体（不図示）等の平面状若しくは大きな曲率を有する広幅パネル体の組み合わせからなる。
床構体２は、広幅のダブルスキンパネル２５同士を上下面が面一状に接合するとともに、その両端側に方形枠状の側梁型材５が固設され、該側梁型材５上に側構体１と同一面幅で上端が自由端構成のダブルスキンパネルからなる補助型材６を、左右の側構体１下面自由端（図１（Ｂ）、及び図２（Ｂ）に示す１ａ）に向けて垂直方向に立設接合する。
側構体１は窓部型材１５と腰板型材１６等の型材からなり、両者はいずれもダブルスキンパネルで形成される。その接合端は、図８（Ａ）に自由端１３ａ、１３ａとして示すような突合せでも、図８（Ｂ）に自由端１３ａ、１３ｂとして示すような嵌合でもよい。
屋根構体３は、平面上の広幅のダブルスキンパネル３５同士を接合して形成されているとともに、その両端にダブルスキンパネルからなる傾斜勾配パネル３ａが接合され、更にダブルスキンパネルからなる垂直補助型材４を垂直に接合する。この結果補助型材４の下面自由端（嵌合による場合は図８（Ｂ）の１３ｂ）と側構体１の自由端（嵌合による場合は図８（Ｂ）の１３ａ）は外面及び内面いずれも側構体の自由端と突合せ若しくは嵌合させることにより面一になるように構成している。
【００２４】
次に前記構体を構成するダブルスキンパネルの自由端とその突合せ若しくは嵌合構成について図８に基づいて説明する。
図８（Ａ）は突合せの場合、図８（Ｂ）は嵌合の場合の接合部を示す。
図８（Ａ）において、ダブルスキンパネル１３は上下二面の平行な面板とその面板間を連接する如く、ジグザグ三角形状に連設したリブ１３ｃを有し、その三角リブ１３ｃの両外側には垂直リブ１３ｄを介して二面の自由端１３ａ、１３ａが面板と平行且つ水平に延在し、肉厚を一定とした突合せにて構成されている。
【００２５】
また、接合部は図８（Ｂ）に示されるごとく、嵌合によってもよい。図８（Ｂ）においては、ダブルスキンパネル１３の二面の自由端１３ａ、１３ｂが面板と平行且つ水平に延在しており、一の自由端１３ａは面板と面一に延在され、他の自由端１３ｂは、一の自由端の内面側に嵌合すべく、一の面板肉厚より狭幅に形成され、両者１３ａ、１３ｂが嵌合するように構成されている。
そして両ダブルスキンパネル１３の接合において、自由端面が自由端１３ａ、１３ａの突合せもしくは、自由端１３ａ、１３ｂの嵌合によって平面状であるために、摩擦撹拌接合が有利であるが、その接合は、図１１（Ａ）に示したプローブ型の回転工具２０を用いる場合は、自由端の内部空間に回転工具２０を接合線側に押しつける反力となるべきリブが存在しないために、裏当金が必要となる。しかしこの裏当金は被加工物の面板の裏面に密着させて設置するものであり、たとえ接合位置に沿って移動するにしても長尺材の場合に大きな製造上の負担となる。
【００２６】
一方、図８（Ｃ）、（Ｄ）はボビンツール１０を用いた摩擦接合の方法を示し、（Ｃ）は接合自由端を突合せにした場合、（Ｄ）は接合自由端を嵌合させた場合を示す。
図８（Ｃ）に示す如く、ボビンツール１０を用いた場合は、接合するダブルスキンパネル１３の自由端１３ａ、１３ａの表裏両面を上下一対のショルダ１０Ａ、１０Ｂ間でプローブ軸１１を介して挟持しているために、接合面の両面において摩擦発熱させることが出来、裏面側の接合不良が生じないのみならず、上下一対のショルダ１０Ａ、１０Ｂ間で互いの反力を受けているために、裏当金が不要になるという効果を有するが、ボビンツール１０の下側ショルダ１０Ｂがスキンパネル自由端長手方向に移動可能であり、その自由端の突合せ部１３ａ、１３ａが、その内部にリブが存在しない中空状であることが必要である。尚、本実施例も、図８（Ｄ）に示すように、ダブルスキンパネル１３の自由端を自由端１３ａ、１３ｂとして嵌合させてもよい。
【００２７】
そしてこのようなダブルスキンで構成された構体１、２、３、例えば床構体２は、強度性維持を図るためにその両側に側梁型材５を取り付ける必要がある。
しかしながら側梁型材５は略方形支持枠をなし、その高さは、図１（Ｃ）に示すように床構体を構成するダブルスキンパネル面厚ｗより大きい。このような場合はその接合角隅部にて摩擦撹拌接合が適用できない。
又側梁型材５と側構体１間も面幅が一致していないために、摩擦撹拌接合が適用できない。
【００２８】
そこで本発明は床構体２の製造においては、ダブルスキンパネル２５、２５を平面状に摩擦攪拌接合して床構体２本体を製造した後、床構体２本体の両端に固設される側梁型材５の上面に側構体１のダブルスキンパネルの面幅と一致させたダブルスキンパネルからなる補助型材６を垂直に立設して接合する。
接合手段は外面側では、面一のために摩擦撹拌接合Ｍにより補助型材６を接合し、内面側では埋もれアーク溶接Ａにて接合する。
この場合前記埋もれアーク溶接とは、アルゴン、ヘリウム若しくはこれらの混合ガスに１〜４０体積％、好ましくは５〜２０体積％の窒素ガスを添加したシールドガス雰囲気中で、電極先端から母材表面までのアーク長さを２ｍｍ以下に維持してアークが母材内部にまで発生する溶接手段で、本出願人が平成１３年７月２日に出願した特願２００１−２０１１５３号に開示されているものである。
【００２９】
そして前記補助型材６が垂直に固設された側梁型材５を前もって形成した後、床構体２の広幅パネル２５と、角隅を埋もれアーク溶接Ａにより、又表面側を摩擦撹拌接合Ｍにより夫々接合して、床構体２を構成するものである。
尚、図１（Ｄ）に示すように、補助型材６と側梁型材５を一体的に押出し型材にて形成し、床構体２のダブルスキンパネル２５と接合可能な平面２面幅の自由端５１を持たせた予備構造体５０を構成してもよい。又、一体に形成しなくとも、予備構造体５０をダブルスキンパネル若しくはシングルスキンパネルの突合せ接合若しくは重ね合わせ接合にて形成しても良い。
【００３０】
次に屋根構体３の製造方法を説明する。
屋根構体３は、例えば水平のダブルスキンパネル３５同士を接合する場合と、水平のダブルスキンパネルの両端に傾斜勾配を付けた屋根構体も存在する。
前者の場合は図２（Ｂ）に示すように、ダブルスキンパネル３５、３５を平面状に接合して屋根構体３本体を製造した後、屋根構体３本体の両端に側構体１の面幅と一致させたダブルスキンパネルからなる補助型材４を垂直に下方に垂下させて接合する。
接合手段は外面側では、面一のために摩擦撹拌接合Ｍにより補助型材４を接合し、内面側では埋もれアーク溶接Ａにて接合する。
これにより屋根構体３が形成される。
【００３１】
このように構成すれば側構体１と屋根構体３の端部に位置する補助型材４の自由端部１ａ、４ａのみ平面状の面一になっているために、回転工具１０のショルダ面１０Ａ、１０Ｂが面板に密着して円滑に摩擦攪拌接合が可能である。
その接合はそのダブルスキンパネルの補助型材４及び側構体１の自由端４ａ、１ａが、その内部にリブが存在しない中空状であることから裏当て部材を必要としないボビンツール１０を用いるのがよいのは前記したとおりである。
【００３２】
一方両端に傾斜勾配を付けた屋根構体３の場合は図２（Ａ）に示すように、ダブルスキンパネル３５を平面状に接合して屋根構体本体を製造し、ダブルスキンパネルからなる傾斜勾配パネル型材３ａを埋もれアーク溶接Ａにより接合した後、更にダブルスキンパネルからなる垂直補助型材４を垂直に接合する。この結果補助型材４の自由端４ａと側構体１の自由端１ａは外面及び内面は図８に示すように、いずれも突合せ若しくは嵌合させることにより面一になり、摩擦撹拌接合が可能となる。
【００３３】
そして前記のように構成した屋根構体３と床構体２はいずれも側構体１と同一面板幅でその自由端が略垂直の同一方向に対面させることが出来るために、その自由端を互いに嵌合させれば、ボビンツールのポータブルＦＳＷ装置ヘッドを用いて側構体１の左右両側の対面位置より容易に摩擦攪拌接合が可能となる。
【００３４】
一方両端に傾斜勾配を付けた屋根構体３の場合は図２（Ａ）に示すように、ダブルスキンパネル３５を平面状に接合して屋根構体本体を製造し、ダブルスキンパネルからなる傾斜勾配パネル型材３ａを埋もれアーク溶接Ａにより接合した後、更にダブルスキンパネルからなる垂直補助型材４を垂直に接合する。この結果補助型材４の自由端４ａと側構体１の自由端１ａは外面及び内面は図８に示すように、いずれも突合せ若しくは嵌合させることにより面一になり、摩擦撹拌接合が可能となる。
【００３５】
図１（Ａ）は両端に傾斜勾配を付けた屋根構体３の場合の図２（Ａ）の変形例で、接合部に角部が形成されないように屋根構体本体に傾斜勾配パネル型材の一部を成すように、ダブルスキンパネルからなる型材３０を製造し、一方ダブルスキンパネルからなる傾斜勾配パネル型材においても垂直補助型材を一体的に型材４０を形成し、埋もれアーク溶接Ａによる接合がない状態にする。この結果補助型材４の自由端４ａと側構体１の自由端１ａのみならず、型材３０と型材４０同士においても、いずれも突合せ若しくは嵌合させることにより面一になり、ボビンツールによる摩擦撹拌接合が可能となる。
【００３６】
図１（Ｂ）は図２（Ｂ）の変形例で、ダブルスキンパネル３５、３５を平面状に接合して屋根構体本体３５と、ダブルスキンパネルからなる屋根構体本体３５の面幅と側構体１の面幅と一致させたダブルスキンパネルからなるＬ字状の補助型材３４を用意する。この結果補助型材３４の自由端と側構体１の自由端１ａのみならず、屋根構体本体３５と補助型材３４の自由端同士においても、いずれも突合せ若しくは嵌合させることにより面一になり、ボビンツールによる摩擦撹拌接合が可能となる。接合手段は外面側では、面一のために摩擦撹拌接合Ｍにより補助型材４を接合し、内面側では埋もれアーク溶接Ａにて接合する。
これにより屋根構体３が形成される。
【００３７】
図４は床構体２をダブルスキンパネル１３で形成し、側構体１をシングルスキンパネル１４で形成した車両構造体の例を、図５は屋根構体３をダブルスキンパネル１３で形成し、側構体１をシングルスキンパネル１４で形成した車両構造体の例を示す。
【００３８】
図４（Ａ）において、床構体２は、複数のダブルスキンパネル１３を水平に並べて摩擦撹拌接合により床構体２本体を形成した後、その端部に、中空方形枠状の側梁型材５を固設し、その側梁型材５上面にシングルスキンパネルからなる補助型材６を垂直に立設し、その補助型材６とシングルスキンパネル１４からなる側構体１を摩擦撹拌接合により接合する構成を示している。
側梁型材５は、上面側を床面と面一に構成し、摩擦撹拌接合Ｍにより接合する。一方下面側は、凹角部であるために、埋もれアーク溶接Ａにて接合する。
そして側梁型材５端面にシングルスキンパネルからなる補助型材６を垂直に立設させ、摩擦撹拌接合Ｍにより側梁型材５と接合する。補助型材６は、ボビンツール若しくはプローブツールのショルダ直径Ｄより大なる突出高さｈを有する。
そして前記補助型材６接合後側構体１を構成するシングルスキンパネル１４を、ボビンツール１０を用いて摩擦攪拌接合Ｍにより接合する。
尚、図４（Ｂ）に示すように、補助型材６と側梁型材５を一体的に押出し型材にて形成し、床構体２のダブルスキンパネル２５と接合可能な平面２面幅の自由端５１を持たせた予備構造体５０を構成してもよい。
【００３９】
図５（Ａ）はダブルスキンパネルの屋根構体３とシングルスキンパネルの側構体１を接合する構成を示し、前記のように、ダブルスキンパネル１３を平面状に接合して屋根構体３本体を製造した後、ダブルスキンパネルからなる傾斜勾配パネル型材３ａを埋もれアーク溶接Ａにより接合した後、更にダブルスキンパネルからなる垂直補助型材４を垂直に接合する。
【００４０】
そして該ダブルスキンパネルを構成する補助型材４の下側自由端の内、前記パネルの内面側自由端をカットして前記補助型材４の外面自由端４ａと、側構体１を構成するシングルスキンパネル１４を、ボビンツール１０を用い、摩擦攪拌接合Ｍにより接合する。
【００４１】
図５（Ｂ）はダブルスキンパネルの屋根構体本体１３に対し、図５（Ａ）の傾斜勾配３ａと垂直補助型材４を一つの押しだし型材３３として形成した例です。このように構成すれば屋根構体本体１３と押しだし型材３３同士、及び押しだし型材３の外面自由端４ａと、側構体１を構成するシングルスキンパネル１４をも、ボビンツール１０を用い、摩擦攪拌接合Ｍにより接合できる。
【００４２】
図６及び図７は前記のように構成した構体を用いて、車両構造体を製造する装置で、基本的にダブルスキンパネルで形成した構体からなる車両構造体を示す。本製造装置は、床構体２を載置する架台４１と、床構体２、側構体１及び屋根構体３を一体的に支持固定する固定治具４２、４３と、該固定治具４２、４３を側構体１より離接可能に揺動自在且つ位置決め可能に支持する門枠４４、床構体２端部の側梁型材５上に垂直に立設した補助型材６の上面自由端６ａと側構体１の下面自由端１ａの嵌合位置の接合線と対面して左右両側に位置する一対の下側ポータブルＦＳＷ装置ヘッド４７、屋根構体３端部の傾斜枠３ａ下面より垂下させた補助型材４の下面自由端と側構体１の上面自由端の嵌合位置の接合線と対面して左右両側に位置する一対の上側ポータブルＦＳＷ装置ヘッド４６と、これらのＦＳＷ装置ヘッドを接合線に沿って水平方向に移動させながら摩擦撹拌接合を行う移動支持レール装置４８からなる。
【００４３】
先ず屋根構体３及び床構体２は１つの構体、側構体１は６つのパネル体で形成し、床構体２架台４１上に載置した後、下側固定治具４２により固定する。
次に、上側構体１を床構体２の左右に立設配置した後、屋根構体３を取付け、最後に上側固定治具４３にてこれらを一体的に固定する。
【００４４】
次に側構体１の左右両側に位置する各一対の上側及び下側ポータブルＦＳＷ装置ヘッド４６、４７とを移動支持レール装置４８の水平レール４８ａに沿って水平方向に移動させながら、先ず各構体の接合位置にあるダブルスキンパネル自由端外面側の摩擦撹拌接合を行う（図６（Ａ）参照）。この際固定治具４３が干渉する場合は、その位置で固定治具４３を干渉しないように外方に揺動させる。又、水平レール４８ａも図６（Ｂ）に示すように移動レール装置４８を内（中央）側に寄せた場合に、下側ポータブルＦＳＷ装置ヘッド４７が床構体２表面で干渉しないようにと上側及び下側ポータブルＦＳＷ装置ヘッド４６、４７の間に上下に形成し、下側ポータブルＦＳＷ装置ヘッド４７が水平レール４８ａに吊下されるように構成している。
次に図６（Ｂ）に示すように、移動レール装置４８を内（中央）側に寄せ、各一対の上側及び下側ポータブルＦＳＷ装置ヘッド４６、４７を反転させて各構体のダブルスキンパネル自由端の内面側の摩擦撹拌接合を行う。
【００４５】
かかる実施例によれば、側構体と対面する位置でポータブルＦＳＷ装置ヘッドとを移動支持レールに沿って水平方向に移動させるだけで簡単に構造体の製造が可能である。
尚、図５に示すように床構体２及び屋根構体を夫々ダブルスキンパネル１３で形成し、側構体１をシングルスキンパネル１４で形成した構造体の製造手順も側構体の内面側接合しない点を除いて同様である。
【００４６】
さて、ダブルスキンパネルの場合図１及び図６に示すように表側と裏面側を２つの工程で接合した場合、例え固定治具で固定しておいても接合時の熱変形により後から固定する面側が先に接合した面側の接合部位の熱収縮により引っ張られ、接合ギャップが大きくなり、表裏両面側で表面形状の品質が異なってしまい、良好な接合が出来ない恐れがある。
【００４７】
このような場合は、図９（Ａ）に示すように、一対のボビンツール１０、１０を用い、接合するダブルスキンパネル１３の突合せ自由端１３ａ、１３ａの表裏両面を夫々のボビンツールで、同時加工するのがよい。ボビンツール１０、１０を用いた場合裏当金が不要になるために、ダブルスキンパネル１３のような平行パネルの夫々の面板１３０、１３１夫々を同時接合させることにより、左右一対のボビンツール１０、１０間夫々の熱収縮が、面板方向に同時に発生し、倒れが生じたりする事がないのみならず、特にダブルスキンパネル１３同士を垂直に立設させて接合しているために、接合ギャップを有する場合でも接合ギャップが収縮する方向に重力がかかり、狭小な接合ギャップでの接合が可能である。（図１０参照）
【００４８】
又、図９（Ｂ）に示す如く、ダブルスキンパネル１３の接合自由端１３ａ、１３ｂを嵌合させてもよい。ダブルスキンパネル１３は上下二面の平行な面板１３０、１３１とその面板１３０、１３１間を連接する如く、ジグザグ三角形状に連設したリブ１３ｃと、該三角リブ１３ｃの両外側には垂直リブ１３ｄを介して二面の自由端１３ａ、１３ｂが面板と平行且つ垂直に延在し、そして一の自由端１３ａは面板と面一に延在され、他の自由端１３ｂは、一の自由端の内面側に嵌合すべく、一の面板肉厚より狭幅に形成され、両者１３ａ、１３ｂが嵌合するように構成されている為に、垂直に立設した場合でもその嵌合により左右に位置ずれが生じることなく同時加工が可能である。
【００４９】
そしてこのようなボビンツールの同時加工は、側構体１、屋根構体３及び床構体２夫々の構体製造する場合のみならず、構体１、２、３同士を接合する場合ばかりか、図１０に示すように、屋根構体３と床構体２はいずれも側構体１と同一面板幅でその自由端が略垂直の同一方向に対面させることが出来るために、その自由端を互いに嵌合させれば、一対のボビンツール１０、１０を用いて側構体１の左右両側の対面位置より横向き姿勢にて容易に摩擦攪拌接合が可能となる。
【００５０】
かかる実施例によれば、いわゆる接合が横向き姿勢にて同時接合にて行われるために、接合時の熱変形が大幅に低減するとともに、同時加工にて能率が向上する。
【００５１】
【発明の効果】
以上記載のごとく本発明によれば、Ｌ形状若しくはＲ部介して矩形状に折れ曲がった部分を有する構体においてもこれを効果的に回避して摩擦撹拌接合の利点を充分生かした高強度の構造体を得ることが出来る。
又本発明によれば、ダブルスキンパネルのように、平行する二面からなる二面平行パネルから構体や該構体から車両等の構造体を製造する場合にも摩擦撹拌接合の利点を生かしつつ、然も低い熱歪みで高強度の構造体を得ることが出来る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明のダブルスキンパネルからなる各構体の製造方法を示す概略図である。
【図２】図１（Ａ）、（Ｂ）の別の一例を示す図である。
【図３】図１により製造される車両構造体の全体断面図である。
【図４】架台設置構体（床構体）をダブルスキンパネルで形成し、側構体をシングルスキンパネルで形成した車両構造体の例を示す。
【図５】架台上方構体（屋根構体）をダブルスキンパネルで形成し、側構体をシングルスキンパネルで形成した車両構造体の例を示す。
【図６】本発明にかかる車両構造体を製造するための装置で上段はダブルスキンパネルの外面側を接合する構成を示し、下段はダブルスキンパネルの内面側を接合する構成を示す。
【図７】本発明にかかる車両構造体を製造するための装置の長手方向から見た図である。
【図８】本発明に使用されるダブルスキンパネル接合部の形状を示し、上段は接合前、下段はボビンツールにより接合している状態を示す。
【図９】本発明に使用されるダブルスキンパネルの接合を一対のボビンツールにより同時接合している状態を示す。
【図１０】本発明のダブルスキンパネルからなる各構体同士をの接合を一対のボビンツールにより同時接合している状態を示す概略図である。
【図１１】従来の摩擦撹拌接合のプローブツールの基本構成図（Ａ）とボビンツールの基本構成図（Ｂ）である。
【符号の説明】
１　　　　　側構体
２　　　　　架台設置構体（床構体）
３　　　　　架台上方構体（屋根構体）
４　　　　　補助型材
５　　　　　側梁型材
６　　　　　補助型材
１０　　　　ボビンツール
４１　　　　架台
４２、４３　固定治具
４８　　　　移動レール装置
Ｍ　　　　　摩擦攪拌接合
Ａ　　　　　埋もれアーク溶接[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention combines a side structure, a gantry installation structure (floor structure), a gantry upper structure (roof structure), and the like formed using a single skin panel (plate-like panel) or a double skin panel (double-sided hollow structure). TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a structure, such as a vehicle, an aircraft, a ship, a house, a container, and the like, and particularly to a structure manufactured by friction stir welding using a bobbin tool and a device therefor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, in a railway vehicle structure, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-246683 (Patent Document 1) discloses a long double-skin panel or a single long skin panel extending in the longitudinal direction on right and left side structures, a floor structure, a roof structure, and the like. By simply joining skin panels only in the longitudinal direction, the side structure, floor structure, roof structure, and the like are formed, and with the improvement of workability, the occurrence of welding distortion is reduced, and distortion removal and finishing work are reduced. The technology is disclosed.
[0003]
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-505090 (Patent Document 2) discloses a novel joining method of long materials as a solid-state joining method by friction stirring, and such a joining method is substantially more effective than a workpiece. By inserting a rotating tool made of an electrically hard material into the welded part of the workpiece and moving it while rotating it, plastic flow due to frictional heat generated between the rotating tool and the workpiece In such a friction welding method, since the welding member can be joined while moving the rotating tool while rotating the rotating tool in a solid state and integrating the softened solid part, There is an advantage that even a long material that is substantially infinitely long in the welding direction without thermal distortion can be continuously solid-phase bonded in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, since solid-state welding is performed using plastic flow of metal due to frictional heat between the rotating tool and the welding member, joining can be performed without melting the joint. Further, since the heating temperature is low, deformation after bonding is small. Since the joint is not melted, there are many advantages, such as fewer defects.
[0004]
Next, a rotary tool used for friction stir welding will be described. Friction stir welding includes a probe type rotary tool and a bobbin tool type rotary tool as disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 7-505090. As shown in FIG. , A shoulder portion 21 and a probe 22 provided on the shoulder portion 21. The shoulder portion 21 has a circular shoulder surface. Then, the rotary tool 20 is rotated from the upper surface of the joint line in a state in which a plurality of mold members are butted or fitted, and the probe 22 is caused to enter a hole (not shown) provided in the joint line of the workpiece, Friction heat is applied to the workpieces 1 to 3 by the circular shoulder surfaces of the shoulder portion 21 that slides and rotates on the joining line of the workpieces 1 to 3, and the area around the probe 22 plastically flows, and in this state, the rotating tool is rotated. By moving 20 along the joining line, the two materials are stirred and kneaded while receiving pressure along the joining line while plasticizing around the joining line, and move to the rear side of the probe. As a result, the plastically flowed material loses frictional heat on the rear side and rapidly cools and solidifies, so that both panel plates are joined together in a state where the materials are mixed together and are completely integrated.
Further, by providing the probe 22 with the reverse screw 22a in the rotation direction, downward plastic flow can be performed, and defects such as nests on the rear side and defective joints can be prevented.
[0005]
However, in such a joining method, it is necessary to press the rotating tool against the joining line in order to generate frictional heat at the time of joining. Therefore, a backing metal is used to cope with this reaction force. The backing metal is placed in close contact with the back surface of the face plate of the workpiece, and requires a large pressing force.
[0006]
In order to solve such a drawback, a rotary tool called a bobbin tool 10 has been proposed as shown in FIG.
Such a tool is provided with a pair of shoulders 10A and 10B provided at regular intervals so as to sandwich the front and back surfaces of a metal plate (workpieces 1 to 3) to be joined, and between the upper and lower pair of shoulders 10A and 10B. Since the probe shaft 11 is provided on both sides, it is possible to generate frictional heat on both sides of the joint surface, not only does not cause a joint failure on the back side, but also receives a mutual reaction force between the pair of upper and lower shoulders 10A, 10B. This eliminates the need for backing money.
[0007]
Furthermore, using such friction stir welding, a plurality of hollow mold members composed of long double skin panels used for large structures such as railway vehicles are arranged in parallel and butt-joined to form a wide width by friction stir welding. A technique for forming a two-sided structure (panel) is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3152420 (Patent Document 3).
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-2-24663
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-5050590
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent No. 3152420
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a technique, although it is effective in the case of manufacturing the flat wide panel, for example, the vehicle structure, the side structure, the floor structure, the roof structure is not necessarily planar, for example, the side structure, Since the floor structure and the roof structure are also joined via the L-shape or R-section, these joints can be either friction stir welded bobbin tools or probe-type rotating tools. Since they cannot be brought into contact by surface contact and friction stir heat cannot be applied, they cannot be joined substantially.
[0010]
In view of the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention has a structure in which the joints of the structures have a portion bent in a rectangular shape such as a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, and a support frame or the like is fixed to both sides of the panel body like a floor structure. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a high-strength structure with low thermal strain while utilizing the advantages of friction stir welding.
Another object of the present invention is to make use of the advantage of friction stir welding even when manufacturing a structure such as a double skin panel from a two-sided parallel panel consisting of two parallel surfaces and a structure such as a vehicle from the structure. Another object of the present invention is to obtain a high-strength structure with low thermal strain.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides a floor structure on a gantry, provides a plurality of side structures standing upright at both ends of the floor structure, provides a roof structure at the top of the floor structure by connecting the ends of the side structures, The structure is characterized in that the ends of the structure form a substantially flat surface and are butted together to form a butted portion, and the butted portion is friction stir welded with a bobbin tool.
In the floor structure and the side structure, the end protruding portion of the floor structure is extended toward the side structure, and the end of the protruded portion and the end of the side structure extend to the end of the side structure. The parts are formed into a substantially vertical plane and butted to form a butted part, and the abutted part is friction stir welded by a bobbin tool.
Further, in the roof structure and the side structure, an end protruding portion of the roof structure is extended toward the side structure, and the extended end protruding portion of the roof structure and an end of the side structure are substantially vertical planes. Are formed and butted to form a butted portion, and the butted portion is joined by friction stir welding with a bobbin tool.
And in this case, at least one of the respective structures has upper and lower surfaces, and is a double skin panel having an aggregate between the upper and lower surfaces, or at least one of the floor structure or the roof structure. Preferably, a double skin panel having a flat surface or a curvature formed by arranging and joining a plurality of mold members is used, and the two parallel joining portions of each of the structures constituted by the double skin panel are joined by a pair of bobbin tools. It is also characterized.
[0012]
And as an effective manufacturing apparatus for achieving the invention, the gantry on which the floor structure is placed, a plurality of fixing jigs for integrally fixing the floor structure, the side structure, and the roof structure, A gate frame supporting the fixing jig, and at least a pair of lower bobbin tools located on the left and right sides facing the joining line between the floor structure and the side structure or facing the joining line between the roof structure and the side structure. And a pair of upper bobbin tools located on both left and right sides and a moving support rail for moving at least the upper or lower bobbin tool in a horizontal direction.
[0013]
The invention can be developed and configured as described below.
That is, a direction structure such as a substantially vertical standing structure like a side structure and a structure installed on a gantry like a floor structure or a gantry upper structure (roof structure) facing the gantry setting structure (floor structure). In a structure such as a vehicle, an aircraft, a ship, a house, a container or the like, a plurality of different structures are combined or joined directly or through an auxiliary shape member such as a side beam frame,
Auxiliary members such as side beam frames are joined in advance to the respective structures, and the joining portions between the structures having different dimensions in each direction are formed so as to be substantially flush on the side surfaces of the structures. In a state where the plurality of structures are fixed to each other by a fixing jig positioned facing the width direction of the structures in a state where the structures are installed on the gantry, a joining portion on substantially the same plane between the structures is joined by a bobbin tool. It is characterized by having been done.
[0014]
That is, with respect to the gantry installation structure (floor structure) and the gantry upper structure (roof structure), projecting portions are extended to the end portions in the structure width direction so as to extend in the face plate direction (substantially vertical direction) of the side structure, By joining or fitting the end of the projecting portion and the face plate of the side structure so that they are flush with each other, a joint portion between the upper structure of the gantry (roof structure) and the side structure or the gantry mounting structure (floor structure) and the side structure is formed. Is what it is.
[0015]
The gantry upper structure (roof structure) is a wide panel having a planar shape or a large curvature manufactured by arranging a plurality of mold members by friction stir welding, and both ends of the panel in the width direction of the structure are side structure free ends. Is the gantry upper structure (roof structure) in which the joint line is formed so as to be substantially flush with
Or, when the gantry upper structure (roof structure) forms an inclined gantry upper structure (roof structure) by joining inclined shapes at both ends, the inclined structure is substantially flush with a side structure. It is good to be a gantry upper structure (roof structure) which hangs a substantially vertical auxiliary form material.
Each of the above-mentioned structures is composed of a single skin panel, a double skin panel, or a combination of these skin panels, and includes, for example, an end portion of each of a side structure, a gantry installation structure (floor structure), and a gantry upper structure (roof structure). When the double skin panel is located at a position, the free end of the double skin is extended so as to be substantially collinear with the free ends of the other structures, and no rib exists in the internal space of each free end, It is preferable that friction stir welding be performed on both the outer surface side and the inner surface side of the panel with the bobbin tool, preferably simultaneously.
[0016]
According to this invention, auxiliary members such as side beam frames are previously joined to each of the side structure, the gantry installation structure (floor structure), and the gantry upper structure (roof structure), and the joining portion between the structures is located on the side of the structure. Therefore, friction stir welding is easy even in a long and large structure such as a railway vehicle, an aircraft, a ship, a house, and a container.
In the case of railway vehicles, houses, and containers, the side structure, floor structure, and roof structure can be clearly identified.In the case of an aircraft or ship, a vertical structure or a substantially vertical curved side structure exists, but the floor structure, Not all roof structures exist.
Therefore, a structure installed on a gantry (foundation), such as a floor structure, is referred to as a gantry installation structure, while a portion, such as a roof structure, located above a floor structure sandwiched between a pair of side structures is referred to as a gantry upper structure.
[0017]
Then, with respect to the gantry installation structure (floor structure) and the gantry upper structure (roof structure), a projecting portion is extended at an end portion in the width direction of the structure so as to extend in the face plate direction (vertical direction) of the side structure. The gantry installation structure is formed by forming a joint portion between the gantry upper structure (roof structure) and the side structure or the gantry installation structure (floor structure) and the side structure such that the end of the part and the face plate of the side structure are flush with each other. With the (floor structure) installed on the gantry, the side structure and the gantry installation structure (floor structure), and the gantry upper structure (roof structure) and the side structure are connected to each other by the fixing jig located in the width direction of the structure. By simply fixing the joint, the joint portion on the substantially same plane between the structures extends in the horizontal direction along the outer surface side or the inner surface side of the side structure.
Therefore, if a moving rail is arranged along a joining line extending in the horizontal direction of the joining portion, and the bobbin tool is run along the moving rail, the joining portion is friction stir welded. As a matter of course, a high-quality structure can be manufactured.
In this case, the free end side of the double skin panel is also difficult to have a reaction force such as a rib or the like, and the backing member is difficult to attach, so that the friction stir welding can be smoothly performed by using the bobbin tool.
That is, the free end of the panel has a configuration in which there is no rib inside, and when the free ends use friction stir welding by abutting or fitting, the reaction force of the backing member, the rib, etc. is not given. It is preferable that the friction stir welding at the joining portion is joined by a bobbin tool.
[0018]
Further, according to the present invention, an auxiliary member such as a side beam frame is previously joined to each of the side structure, the gantry installation structure (floor structure), and the gantry upper structure (roof structure), and the joint between the structures is formed on the side of the structure. A process of manufacturing each structure so as to be substantially flush;
In a state where the gantry installation structure (floor structure) is installed on the gantry, the gantry installation structure (floor structure), the side structure, and the gantry upper structure (roof structure) are fixed by a fixing jig located in the width direction of the structure. Fixing the side structures to each other, and joining the substantially flat surfaces between the respective structures in the horizontal direction along the outer surface or the inner surface of the side structures. Disposing a moving rail along the existing joining line, and joining the joining portions by friction stir welding while running a bobbin tool along the moving rail.
[0019]
In addition, the step of joining the auxiliary dies so that the gantry upper structure (roof structure) or the gantry setting structure (floor structure) protrudes toward the side structure side includes the step of joining the auxiliary type material and the gantry upper structure (roof structure) or the gantry setting structure ( The end side joining of the floor structure) is performed by fixing means other than the friction stir welding, for example, by welding the joint at the bent portion thereof by, for example, buried arc welding, without causing thermal distortion, and A structure in which the strength does not decrease even when the load is concentrated can be obtained.
[0020]
Further, the present invention provides the above-mentioned structure,
At least one structure of the structures or a structure including the structures is a structure formed by connecting a plurality of two-plane parallel panels in the width direction or a joint between the structures, and the panels or the structures are connected to each other. The joining is preferably a joint obtained by joining both sides of the panel by simultaneous processing using a pair of bobbin tools, or joining of the assemblies.
In this case, at least one of the structures is a structure formed by connecting a plurality of two-surface parallel panels in the width direction, and the panels are connected so as to be substantially flush with each other in the vertical direction. In this state, the joining of the joining portions facing each other is preferably formed by a manufacturing method including a step of joining structures obtained by simultaneous processing using a pair of bobbin tools or joining structures.
[0021]
According to this invention, since the so-called joining is performed by the simultaneous joining in the horizontal position, the thermal deformation at the time of the joining is greatly reduced, and the efficiency is improved by the simultaneous processing.
The two-sided parallel panel is not limited to a double-skin panel, but includes a case where a single-skin panel is arranged in parallel to form a two-sided parallel panel.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail using embodiments shown in the drawings. However, unless otherwise specified, the dimensions, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely illustrative examples.
[0023]
First, a railway vehicle structure including a double skin panel applied to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The structure of the railway vehicle structure is a combination of a wide or wide panel having a large curvature such as a left and right side structure 1, a floor structure 2, a roof structure 3, and a wife structure (not shown) that covers the front and rear surfaces.
The floor structure 2 has wide double skin panels 25 joined to each other so that the upper and lower surfaces are flush with each other, and rectangular frame-shaped side beam members 5 are fixed to both ends thereof. Auxiliary member 6 composed of a double skin panel having the same surface width as 1 and an upper end configured as a free end is directed toward the free lower surfaces (1a shown in FIGS. 1 (B) and 2 (B)) of left and right side structures 1. Stand up and join vertically.
The side structure 1 is made of a shape material such as a window shape material 15 and a waist plate shape material 16, both of which are formed by double skin panels. The joint ends may be abutted as shown as free ends 13a, 13a in FIG. 8A, or may be fitted as shown as free ends 13a, 13b in FIG. 8B.
The roof structure 3 is formed by joining double-skin panels 35 having a wide width on a plane to each other, and an inclined gradient panel 3a composed of a double skin panel is joined to both ends thereof, and a vertical auxiliary member composed of a double skin panel is further provided. 4 are joined vertically. As a result, the free end of the lower surface of the auxiliary member 4 (13b in FIG. 8B in the case of fitting) and the free end of the side structure 1 (13a in FIG. 8B in the case of fitting) have both outer and inner surfaces. It is configured to be flush with the free end of the side structure by abutting or fitting.
[0024]
Next, the free end of the double skin panel constituting the structure and its butting or fitting configuration will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 8A shows a joint in the case of butt, and FIG. 8B shows a joint in the case of fitting.
In FIG. 8 (A), the double skin panel 13 has two parallel upper and lower face plates and ribs 13c connected in a zigzag triangle so as to connect between the face plates. Two free ends 13a, 13a extend in parallel with the face plate and horizontally through the vertical rib 13d, and are formed by abutting with a constant thickness.
[0025]
The joint may be fitted by fitting as shown in FIG. In FIG. 8B, two free ends 13a and 13b of the double skin panel 13 extend parallel to and horizontal to the face plate, one free end 13a extends flush with the face plate, and the other. The free end 13b is formed to have a width smaller than the thickness of one face plate so as to fit on the inner surface side of one free end, and is configured so that both 13a and 13b are fitted.
In the joining of the double skin panels 13, the free end faces are flat due to the butting of the free ends 13a, 13a or the fitting of the free ends 13a, 13b, so that the friction stir welding is advantageous, but the joining is carried out. When the probe-type rotary tool 20 shown in FIG. 11A is used, there is no rib in the internal space at the free end which acts as a reaction force for pressing the rotary tool 20 toward the joining line, so that the backing metal is used. Is required. However, this backing metal is installed in close contact with the back surface of the face plate of the workpiece, and even if it is moved along the joining position, a large manufacturing burden is imposed on long materials.
[0026]
On the other hand, FIGS. 8C and 8D show a friction joining method using the bobbin tool 10, where FIG. 8C shows a case where the joining free ends are butted, and FIG. 8D shows a case where the joining free ends are fitted. Show the case.
As shown in FIG. 8C, when the bobbin tool 10 is used, the front and back surfaces of the free ends 13a, 13a of the double skin panel 13 to be joined are sandwiched between the pair of upper and lower shoulders 10A, 10B via the probe shaft 11. As a result, it is possible to generate frictional heat on both sides of the joining surface, not only does not cause a joint failure on the back side, but also because the pair of upper and lower shoulders 10A, 10B receive mutual reaction force, This has the effect that the backing metal is not required, but the lower shoulder 10B of the bobbin tool 10 is movable in the longitudinal direction of the free end of the skin panel, and the butted portions 13a, 13a of the free ends have ribs inside thereof. It must be a hollow shape that does not exist. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8D, the free ends of the double skin panel 13 may be fitted as free ends 13a and 13b.
[0027]
The structures 1, 2, and 3, for example, the floor structure 2 configured with such a double skin, need to have side beam members 5 attached to both sides thereof in order to maintain strength.
However, the side beam members 5 form a substantially rectangular support frame, and the height thereof is larger than the thickness w of the double skin panel constituting the floor structure as shown in FIG. In such a case, friction stir welding cannot be applied at the corners of the joint.
In addition, friction stir welding cannot be applied because the surface widths of the side beam 5 and the side structure 1 do not match.
[0028]
Therefore, in the production of the floor structure 2, the double beam panels 25, 25 are friction stir welded in a plane to produce the floor structure 2 main body, and then the side beam members fixed to both ends of the floor structure 2 main body. An auxiliary member 6 composed of a double skin panel having the same width as the double skin panel of the side structure 1 is vertically erected on the upper surface of the side structure 5 and joined.
The joining means joins the auxiliary mold members 6 by friction stir welding M on the outer surface side to make them flush with each other, and joins them by buried arc welding A on the inner surface side.
In this case, the buried arc welding refers to a process from the tip of the electrode to the surface of the base material in a shielding gas atmosphere in which 1 to 40% by volume, preferably 5 to 20% by volume of nitrogen gas is added to argon, helium or a mixed gas thereof. No. 2001-201153 filed on Jul. 2, 2001 by the present applicant by welding means for maintaining an arc length of 2 mm or less and generating an arc inside the base material. It is.
[0029]
Then, after forming the side beam member 5 in which the auxiliary member 6 is fixed vertically, the wide panel 25 of the floor structure 2 and the corner are buried by arc welding A, and the surface side is friction stir welding M, respectively. It joins to form the floor structure 2.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 1 (D), the auxiliary shape member 6 and the side beam shape member 5 are integrally formed by extruded shape members, and a free end having a flat surface width capable of joining to the double skin panel 25 of the floor structure 2. A preliminary structure 50 having 51 may be configured. Further, instead of being formed integrally, the preliminary structure 50 may be formed by butt joining or overlapping joining of a double skin panel or a single skin panel.
[0030]
Next, a method for manufacturing the roof structure 3 will be described.
The roof structure 3 includes, for example, a case where the horizontal double skin panels 35 are joined to each other, and a structure in which both ends of the horizontal double skin panel 35 are provided with inclined slopes.
In the former case, as shown in FIG. 2 (B), after the double skin panels 35, 35 are joined in a plane to manufacture the roof structure 3 main body, the surface width of the side structure 1 is set at both ends of the roof structure 3 main body. The auxiliary shape member 4 made of the matched double skin panel is joined by hanging vertically downward.
The joining means joins the auxiliary mold members 4 by friction stir welding M on the outer surface side to make them flush with each other, and joins them by buried arc welding A on the inner surface side.
Thereby, the roof structure 3 is formed.
[0031]
With this configuration, since only the free ends 1a, 4a of the auxiliary members 4 located at the ends of the side structure 1 and the roof structure 3 are flush with each other, the shoulder surface 10A of the rotary tool 10, 10B closely adheres to the face plate to enable smooth friction stir welding.
For the joining, it is preferable to use a bobbin tool 10 which does not require a backing member since the auxiliary shape member 4 of the double skin panel and the free ends 4a, 1a of the side structure 1 are hollow without ribs therein. Good is as described above.
[0032]
On the other hand, in the case of the roof structure 3 having inclined slopes at both ends, as shown in FIG. 2 (A), a double skin panel 35 is joined in a plane to manufacture a roof structure body, and the inclined slope panel composed of a double skin panel. After the mold member 3a is buried and joined by arc welding A, the vertical auxiliary mold member 4 composed of a double skin panel is further joined vertically. As a result, the outer end and the inner end of the free end 4a of the auxiliary member 4 and the free end 1a of the side structure 1 are flush with each other as shown in FIG. .
[0033]
Since the roof structure 3 and the floor structure 2 configured as described above can have the same face plate width as the side structure 1 and their free ends can face each other in the substantially vertical direction, the free ends are fitted to each other. Then, the friction stir welding can be easily performed from the facing positions on the left and right sides of the side structure 1 using the portable FSW device head of the bobbin tool.
[0034]
On the other hand, in the case of the roof structure 3 having inclined slopes at both ends, as shown in FIG. 2 (A), a double skin panel 35 is joined in a plane to manufacture a roof structure body, and the inclined slope panel composed of a double skin panel. After the mold member 3a is buried and joined by arc welding A, the vertical auxiliary mold member 4 composed of a double skin panel is further joined vertically. As a result, the outer end and the inner end of the free end 4a of the auxiliary member 4 and the free end 1a of the side structure 1 are flush with each other as shown in FIG. .
[0035]
FIG. 1 (A) is a modification of FIG. 2 (A) in the case of a roof structure 3 having inclined slopes at both ends, and a part of a sloped panel member is added to the roof structure body so that no corner is formed at a joint. In the state where the mold member 30 composed of a double skin panel is manufactured so that the vertical auxiliary mold member is formed integrally with the inclined gradient panel mold member composed of the double skin panel, there is no joining by the buried arc welding A. To As a result, not only the free end 4a of the auxiliary mold 4 and the free end 1a of the side structure 1 but also the mold 30 and the mold 40 are flush with each other by abutting or fitting, and friction stir welding by the bobbin tool is performed. Becomes possible.
[0036]
FIG. 1 (B) is a modification of FIG. 2 (B), in which the double skin panels 35, 35 are joined in a plane, and the roof structure body 35 and the surface width and the side structure of the roof structure body 35 composed of the double skin panels. An L-shaped auxiliary member 34 made of a double skin panel having the same surface width as that of No. 1 is prepared. As a result, not only the free end of the auxiliary member 34 and the free end 1a of the side structure 1 but also the free ends of the roof structure main body 35 and the auxiliary member 34 are flush with each other by abutting or fitting, so that the bobbin is flat. The friction stir welding by the tool becomes possible. The joining means joins the auxiliary shape members 4 by friction stir welding M on the outer surface side to make them flush with each other, and joins them by buried arc welding A on the inner surface side.
Thereby, the roof structure 3 is formed.
[0037]
FIG. 4 shows an example of a vehicle structure in which the floor structure 2 is formed by the double skin panel 13 and the side structure 1 is formed by the single skin panel 14. FIG. 5 shows a case in which the roof structure 3 is formed by the double skin panel 13. 1 shows an example of a vehicle structure in which 1 is formed by a single skin panel 14.
[0038]
In FIG. 4 (A), the floor structure 2 has a plurality of double skin panels 13 arranged horizontally to form a floor structure 2 main body by friction stir welding. A configuration is shown in which an auxiliary shape member 6 composed of a single skin panel is erected vertically on the upper surface of the side beam shape member 5 and the side structure 1 composed of the auxiliary shape member 6 and the single skin panel 14 is joined by friction stir welding. ing.
The side beam members 5 are configured such that the upper surface side is flush with the floor surface and are joined by friction stir welding M. On the other hand, since the lower surface side is a concave corner, it is joined by buried arc welding A.
Then, an auxiliary mold member 6 made of a single skin panel is erected vertically on the end face of the side beam mold member 5 and joined to the side beam mold member 5 by friction stir welding M. The auxiliary profile 6 has a projecting height h which is greater than the shoulder diameter D of the bobbin tool or probe tool.
Then, the single skin panel 14 constituting the auxiliary body 6 after the joining is joined by friction stir welding M using the bobbin tool 10.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 4 (B), the auxiliary profile member 6 and the side beam profile member 5 are integrally formed by extruded profile members, and a free end having a flat surface width capable of joining to the double skin panel 25 of the floor structure 2. A preliminary structure 50 having 51 may be configured.
[0039]
FIG. 5 (A) shows a configuration in which the roof structure 3 of a double skin panel and the side structure 1 of a single skin panel are joined, and the double skin panel 13 is joined in a plane to manufacture the main body of the roof structure 3 as described above. After that, the inclined gradient panel member 3a made of a double skin panel is buried and joined by arc welding A, and then the vertical auxiliary member 4 made of a double skin panel is joined vertically.
[0040]
The outer free end 4a of the auxiliary mold 4 is formed by cutting the inner free end of the panel from among the lower free ends of the auxiliary mold 4 constituting the double skin panel, and the single skin panel constituting the side structure 1. 14 are joined by friction stir welding M using the bobbin tool 10.
[0041]
FIG. 5B shows an example in which the slope 3a and the vertical auxiliary shape member 4 shown in FIG. With this construction, the roof structure body 13 and the extruded shapes 33, the outer free end 4a of the extruded shape 3 and the single skin panel 14 constituting the side structure 1 are also friction stir welded using the bobbin tool 10. Can be joined together.
[0042]
6 and 7 show an apparatus for manufacturing a vehicle structure using the structure configured as described above, and shows a vehicle structure basically including a structure formed of a double skin panel. The manufacturing apparatus includes a gantry 41 on which the floor structure 2 is mounted, fixing jigs 42 and 43 for integrally supporting and fixing the floor structure 2, the side structure 1, and the roof structure 3, and the fixing jigs 42 and 43. A gate frame 44 that swingably and detachably supports the side structure 1 from the side structure 1, an upper surface free end 6 a of an auxiliary shape material 6 erected vertically on the side beam shape material 5 at the end of the floor structure 2, and the side structure 1. A pair of lower portable FSW device heads 47 located on the left and right sides facing the joining line at the fitting position of the lower surface free end 1a, and the lower surface of the auxiliary member 4 suspended from the lower surface of the inclined frame 3a at the end of the roof structure 3. A pair of upper portable FSW device heads 46 located on the left and right sides facing the joining line at the fitting position of the free end and the upper surface free end of the side structure 1, and connecting these FSW device heads in the horizontal direction along the joining line Moving support rail device that performs friction stir welding while moving Consisting of 48.
[0043]
First, the roof structure 3 and the floor structure 2 are formed as one structure, and the side structure 1 is formed as six panel bodies. After being mounted on the floor structure 2 frame 41, it is fixed by the lower fixing jig 42.
Next, after the upper structure 1 is erected on the left and right sides of the floor structure 2, the roof structure 3 is attached, and finally these are integrally fixed by the upper fixing jig 43.
[0044]
Next, while moving a pair of upper and lower portable FSW device heads 46 and 47 located on both left and right sides of the side structure 1 in the horizontal direction along the horizontal rail 48a of the moving support rail device 48, first, Friction stir welding is performed on the outer surface of the free end of the double skin panel at the welding position (see FIG. 6A). At this time, if the fixing jig 43 interferes, the fixing jig 43 is swung outward at that position so as not to interfere. Also, as shown in FIG. 6 (B), when the moving rail device 48 is moved inward (center) side as shown in FIG. 6 (B), the lower portable FSW device head 47 is moved upward so as not to interfere with the surface of the floor structure 2. The lower portable FSW device head 47 is vertically formed between the lower portable FSW device heads 46 and 47 so that the lower portable FSW device head 47 is suspended from the horizontal rail 48a.
Next, as shown in FIG. 6 (B), the moving rail device 48 is moved inward (centered), and the pair of upper and lower portable FSW device heads 46 and 47 are inverted to allow the double skin panel of each structure to be free. Friction stir welding is performed on the inner surface of the end.
[0045]
According to this embodiment, the structure can be easily manufactured simply by moving the portable FSW device head in the horizontal direction along the movable support rail at the position facing the side structure.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, the floor structure 2 and the roof structure are each formed by the double skin panel 13, and the side structure 1 is formed by the single skin panel 14. It is the same except.
[0046]
Now, in the case of a double skin panel, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, when the front side and the back side are joined in two steps, even if they are fixed with a fixing jig, they are fixed later by thermal deformation at the time of joining. The surface side is pulled by the heat shrinkage of the bonding part on the surface side that has been bonded first, the bonding gap becomes large, and the quality of the surface shape differs between the front and back sides, and there is a possibility that good bonding cannot be performed.
[0047]
In such a case, as shown in FIG. 9 (A), a pair of bobbin tools 10, 10 are used to simultaneously join both free front ends 13a, 13a of the double skin panel 13 to be joined with the respective bobbin tools. It is good to process. When the bobbin tools 10 and 10 are used, the backing plate becomes unnecessary, so that the respective face plates 130 and 131 of the parallel panel such as the double skin panel 13 are simultaneously joined to form a pair of left and right bobbin tools 10, The thermal contraction of each of the 10 skins simultaneously occurs in the direction of the face plate, and not only does not fall down, but also, especially since the double skin panels 13 are vertically erected and joined, the joining gap is reduced. Even in the case of having the joint, gravity is applied in the direction in which the joining gap contracts, so that joining with a narrow joining gap is possible. (See Fig. 10)
[0048]
Further, as shown in FIG. 9B, the free ends 13a and 13b of the double skin panel 13 may be fitted. The double-skin panel 13 has ribs 13c connected in a zigzag triangle so as to connect the upper and lower parallel face plates 130 and 131 with the face plates 130 and 131, and vertical ribs 13d on both outer sides of the triangular rib 13c. Two free ends 13a, 13b extend parallel and perpendicular to the face plate, and one free end 13a extends flush with the face plate and the other free end 13b is connected to one free end In order to fit on the inner surface side, it is formed narrower than the thickness of one face plate, and both 13a, 13b are configured to fit. Simultaneous processing is possible without any displacement.
[0049]
Such bobbin tool simultaneous processing is shown not only in the case of manufacturing the respective structures of the side structure 1, the roof structure 3, and the floor structure 2, but also in the case of bonding the structures 1, 2, and 3, as shown in FIG. As described above, since both the roof structure 3 and the floor structure 2 have the same face plate width as the side structure 1 and their free ends can face each other in the substantially vertical direction, if the free ends are fitted to each other, Using the pair of bobbin tools 10, 10, the friction stir welding can be easily performed in a lateral orientation from the facing positions on the left and right sides of the side structure 1.
[0050]
According to this embodiment, since the so-called joining is performed by the simultaneous joining in the horizontal orientation, the thermal deformation at the time of the joining is greatly reduced, and the efficiency is improved by the simultaneous processing.
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, according to the present invention, even in a structure having a rectangularly bent portion via an L-shaped or R-shaped portion, this structure is effectively avoided, and a high-strength structure fully utilizing the advantages of friction stir welding. Can be obtained.
According to the present invention, like a double-skin panel, a structure or a structure such as a vehicle is manufactured from a two-sided parallel panel consisting of two parallel surfaces while taking advantage of friction stir welding. Of course, a high strength structure can be obtained with low thermal strain.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a method for manufacturing each structure comprising a double skin panel of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another example of FIGS. 1 (A) and 1 (B).
FIG. 3 is an overall sectional view of the vehicle structure manufactured according to FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 shows an example of a vehicle structure in which a gantry installation structure (floor structure) is formed by a double skin panel and a side structure is formed by a single skin panel.
FIG. 5 shows an example of a vehicle structure in which a gantry upper structure (roof structure) is formed by a double skin panel and a side structure is formed by a single skin panel.
FIG. 6 is an apparatus for manufacturing a vehicle structure according to the present invention, in which an upper row shows a configuration for joining an outer surface side of a double skin panel, and a lower row shows a configuration for joining an inner surface side of a double skin panel.
FIG. 7 is a view of a device for manufacturing a vehicle structure according to the present invention as viewed from a longitudinal direction.
FIG. 8 shows the shape of a double-skin panel joint used in the present invention, wherein the upper part shows a state before joining and the lower part shows a state joined by a bobbin tool.
FIG. 9 shows a state in which double skin panels used in the present invention are simultaneously joined by a pair of bobbin tools.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a state in which joints composed of the double skin panels of the present invention are joined together by a pair of bobbin tools.
11A is a basic configuration diagram of a conventional friction stir welding probe tool and FIG. 11B is a basic configuration diagram of a bobbin tool.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 side structure
2 Frame installation structure (floor structure)
3 Upper frame structure (roof structure)
4 Auxiliary material
5 Side beam profiles
6 Auxiliary materials
10 bobbin tools
41 trestle
42, 43 Fixing jig
48 Moving rail device
M Friction stir welding
A Buried arc welding

Claims

A floor structure is provided on a gantry, a plurality of side structures standing on both ends of the floor structure are provided, a roof structure is provided on an upper portion of the floor structure by connecting ends of the side structures, and an end of each of the structures is provided. Forming a butted portion by forming a substantially flat surface with each other, and joining the butted portion by friction stir welding with a bobbin tool.

The end protruding portion of the floor structure is extended toward the side structure, and the end of the protruded portion and the end of the side structure form a substantially vertical plane and abut against each other to form an abutting portion. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the abutting portion is formed by friction stir welding using a bobbin tool.

The end protruding portion of the roof structure is extended toward the side structure, and the extended end protruding portion of the roof structure and the end of the side structure form a substantially vertical plane and abut against each other. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the butting portion is joined by friction stir welding using a bobbin tool.

The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the structures is a double skin panel having upper and lower surfaces and an aggregate between the upper and lower surfaces. Method.

The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one of the floor structure and the roof structure is a double skin panel having a plane or a curvature in which a plurality of shape members are arranged and joined. How to make the body.

The method for manufacturing a structure according to claim 4, wherein two parallel joining portions of each of the structures constituted by the double skin panel are joined by a pair of bobbin tools.

The gantry on which the floor structure is placed, a plurality of fixing jigs for integrally fixing the floor structure, the side structure, and the roof structure, a gate frame supporting a plurality of the fixing jigs, and at least the floor structure A pair of lower bobbin tools located on the left and right sides facing the joining line of the side structure or a pair of upper bobbin tools located on the left and right sides facing the joining line of the roof structure and the side structure, A structure manufacturing apparatus, comprising: a moving support rail for moving an upper or lower bobbin tool in a horizontal direction.