JP3229282B2 - Hollow type material for friction welding - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a friction joining method, and is suitable, for example, for joining panels used for a railway vehicle, a building, and the like made of an aluminum alloy.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A two-sided structure (panel) of a railway vehicle structure.
Is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-24686.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-106661 discloses an apparatus using a laminated panel such as a honeycomb panel.

[0003] In the friction joining method, a round bar inserted into a joint is rotated to generate heat, soften, and join. This joining is applied to the butt portion and the overlapping portion. This is WO 9
3/10935 (EP 0615480B1, Tokiohei 7)
505090), Welding & Metal Fabr
ication, January 1995, pages 13-16.

[0004]

In the friction joining method, a downward force acts on the joint due to a reaction in which a member immediately below the rotary tool (round bar) is discharged to the surface during joining. For this reason, when applying this joining method to joining of a two-sided structure (panel), this downward force causes the joint member of the joining portion to be washed down and deformed, and good joining can be performed. could not.

[0005] The two-sided structure (panel) includes, for example, a hollow material of an extruded material of an aluminum alloy and a honeycomb panel. Conventionally, MIG welding or TIG welding has been performed to join the panels. When friction joining is applied to this joint shape, the joint is bent downward or the member is caused to flow downward by the pressing force at the time of the friction joining.

The inventor has discovered the above phenomenon through various experiments.

An object of the present invention is to provide a hollow member that can be frictionally joined from one side.

The object is to provide a first plate, a second plate substantially parallel to the first plate, and a third plate connecting one end of the second plate and the middle of the first plate. , And the first
One end of the plate protrudes from the one end of the second plate, and at a connection portion between the third plate and the second plate,
There is a recess along one end of the second plate, the recess being hollow
The outer side in the thickness direction of the mold and the one end side of the second plate
And the one end of the first plate is a portion that is frictionally joined by inserting a rotary tool,
The plate is substantially orthogonal to the second plate, and can be achieved by forming a hollow mold member for friction bonding.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention is mainly based on the embodiment shown in FIG.
Things. The present invention will be explained using other examples of drawings.
I will tell. FIG. 1 shows hollow panels 31 and 32 as panels.
This is the case where the shape of the joint is a butt type. Hollow material
Vertical plates 36, 36 are provided at the ends in the width direction of 31, 32, respectively.
You. Before joining, a vertical plate directly below the rotary tool 50
36, 36, and the plates 36, 36 face each other.
Contact. If they are far apart, the gap between them is small
No. The gap is about 1 mm. Extension between plates 36,36
The center of the projection 52 is located on the line. The plates 36, 36 are
It has enough rigidity to support downward force. The board 36
It is orthogonal to the two plates 33,34. Hollow shape members 31,3
Reference numeral 2 denotes an extruded aluminum alloy. Hollow shape material 3
The upper and lower surfaces of 1 coincide with the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow material 32.
You. That is, the thicknesses of the hollow mold members 31 and 32 are the same.
The same applies to the following examples. Rotary tools during friction welding
The boundary 53 between the large-diameter portion 51 and the small-diameter convex portion 52 is hollow.
It is located on the upper surfaces of the mold members 31 and 32. 35 is two boards
36, 36, and a plurality of truss-like
It is location. The ends of the hollow members 31 and 32 have a pair of left and right sides.
It is a name. The hollow members 31 and 32 are mounted on a gantry (not shown).
It is fixed so that it does not move. Boards 36, 3
There is also a base below 6.

[0010] The friction welding is performed while rotating the rotary tool 50.
Then, the protrusion 52 is inserted into the joint between the hollow mold members 31 and 32,
It is performed by moving along the joint. The center of rotation of the projection 52 is
It is between the two plates 36,36.

FIG . 2 shows a state after the friction welding. 45 is contact
It shows the shape of the joining bead after joining. Board 36,
The center of the width of the joining bead 45 is located on the extension line between 36
I do. A bead 45 is provided in the range of the extension of the thickness of the plates 36, 36.
There is. The depth of the joint bead 45 is the rotation inserted into the joint.
It is determined by the height of the convex portion 52 at the lower end of the tool 50.

According to this, the plate 3 perpendicular to the plates 33, 34
6 and 36 support the vertical force during friction welding,
Without bending, a good connection is obtained as shown in FIG.
Things. Plate 36 should be as perpendicular to plates 33 and 34 as possible
Let it.

In order to reduce the weight, a hole is made in the plate 36.
May be. The same applies to the following examples.

The joint on the lower side is obtained by inverting the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow mold material.
And do it.

FIG . 3 shows a plate at the end of one hollow mold member 31.
36, there is no plate 36 at the end of the other hollow member 32.
No. The vertical corners of the plate 36 of the hollow member 31 are hollow members.
The tip of the protruding piece 38, 38 at the end of 32 can be placed.
So that it is concave. This recess is the thickness of the hollow mold material 31.
In the direction and the direction perpendicular to it (hollow mold material 32 side).
Let go. When the protruding piece 38 is placed (overlaid) on the recess,
In the figure, both are in contact, but there is actually a gap. Ma
In addition, the two ends (the protruding pieces 38, 38 and the corners 33b, 3b ,
4b). Two hollow members 31,3
2 butting part on the surface side, that is, the center of the rotary tool 50
The butt portion and the plate 36 are located immediately below the butt portion. Thickness of plate 36
The rotation center of the projection 52 is located on an extension of the center of the shaft.
In other words, on the extension of the center of the thickness of the plate 36, the plate 33 (3
The joint between 4) and the plate 33 (34) is located. Plates 33, 3
The corners 33b and 34b from 4 to the recess are of the thickness of the plate 36.
It is on the extension of the center. Or, of the corners 33b, 34b
The position is determined by taking into account the distance from the protruding piece 38 in FIG.
Just slightly to the left of the extension of the center of thickness 36
You. The plate 36 has rigidity to support the vertical force. Sudden
The horizontal distance between the tip of the piece 38 and the hollow member 31 is shown in FIG.
Is the same as The height of the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50 is
It is about the thickness of the projection 38. Generally, below the convex portion 38
To the plastic flow state, and are friction-welded. Similarly,
The plastic flow state is larger than the diameter of the convex portion 52. Protruding piece 3
8 is friction-joined to below the contact portion between the lower surface of the plate 8 and the plate 36.
It is desirable to do so.

FIG . 4 shows a state after the joining. Thickness of plate 36
The center of the width of the joining bead 45 is located on the extension of the center of
You.

In order to support the vertical force, the thickness of the plate 36 is
The center of rotation of the rotary tool 50 must be on the extension of the center of the
Is desirable. The joint amount of the left and right hollow mold members 31 and 32 is the same.
In order to unite, the corners 33b and 34b are
Is desirable. Turn within the extension of the thickness of plate 36
It is desirable that the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50 be provided,
The thickness of the plate depends on the vertical force, the position of the projection 52, and the strength of the plate 36.
It is determined accordingly. For this reason, the diameter of the plate 36 is larger than the diameter of the projection 52.
It is conceivable that the thickness is smaller. In addition, rotary tool 5
Consider the position error of 0 and the position error of corners 33b and 34b.
Then, the corners 33b, 34 are in the range of the extension of the thickness of the plate 36.
b, and the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50
It is desirable that some of them are located. According to this, the plate
36 can receive the vertical force at all.
Substantially prevent deformation of the claws and obtain a good joint
it can. Based on the bead 45, the bead 45 is a convex
Although slightly larger than 52, it can be said that almost the same
You. The same applies to other examples .

According to this joint shape, according to an experiment,
In general, as compared to the case of FIG.
Even if there is a large gap in the horizontal direction from
Can be eliminated. For this reason, it looks good and is painted
When doing so, the amount of putty can be reduced. this
Is because the gap between both ends by the thickness of the protruding piece 38
Conceivable. Also, it is generally thought that
You. Also, one hollow mold is embedded in the other
It is easy to align the two in the height direction.
is there.

The shape of the end of the hollow member 31 is bilaterally symmetric.
The shape of the end of the hollow mold member 32 is symmetrical. Also
In FIG. 3, one end of the hollow mold member 31 is as shown in FIG.
It is the shape of the end of the hollow mold member 32 of FIG.

FIG . 5 shows a corner 33 of the hollow of the hollow material 31.
There is substantially no vertical plate 36 immediately below b, 34b. Corner
The right end of the plate 36 is on the extension of the parts 33b and 34b. this
The rotation center of the rotary tool 50 is on the extension line. At the joint
And the thickness of the projecting piece 37 located below is increased.
Increase the arc of the connection from the tip of 37 to the plate 36,
The end of the hollow member 31 is made rigid to support the vertical force.
You. The protruding piece 38 of the other hollow mold member 32 is the same as in the example of FIG.
In addition, it overlaps the concave portion of the projecting piece 37. The other hollow member 3
2 is a plate 3 connecting the two plates 33 and 34 near the protruding piece.
6. As a result, the vertical
Even without the plate 36, no failure occurs at the joint. However
The plate 3 of the panel 31 extends vertically in the range of the bead 45.
There are six. FIG. 6 shows a state after the joining.

In FIG . 5, the plate 36 of the hollow mold member 32 is removed.
It is also possible.

FIG . 7 shows two hollow members 3 in FIG.
At the joints of the first and second projections, the projections 37 projecting to the front surface side
a, 38a. In other words, the thickness of the joint
Is thick Kuna'. Convex portion 37a and convex portion 38a have the same height
It is. Other shapes are the same as in FIG.
The projection 37 has a slightly reduced thickness.

According to this, the convex portion 37 is formed before the friction welding.
Even if there is a gap between
Accordingly, the volumes of the convex portions 37a and 38a fill the gap. This
Therefore, the appearance is good and the amount of putty can be reduced.

Conventionally, a downward force
A hole is created in the joint bead by the volume of the member 41 that has flowed down.
Had occurred. According to the joint shape of FIG.
The convex portions 37a and 38a are plastically flowed by the tool 50 and
To compensate for the volume of the member 41 that has been washed away and lost
To prevent voids and achieve good bonding.
It can be. FIG. 8 shows the shape of the bead 45 after joining.
It shows the shape. After joining, if there are unnecessary parts
Cut as shown.

The convex portions 37a and 38a are shown in FIGS.
5 and the examples described later.

One embodiment of the invention shown in FIG .
The upper and lower surfaces can be joined. Hollow type
The lower ends of the members 31, 32 are the same as the lower plates 34, 34.
Projecting piece 34a protrudes greatly from one side to the other hollow mold material side
ing. The tips of the projecting pieces 34a, 34a are substantially in contact with each other.
I have. The tips of the upper plates 33, 33 are lower plates 34a, 3
It is located behind the tip of 4a. Upper plate 33,
33 and a lower plate 34, 34 are perpendicular to a plate 36,
36. The plates 36, 36
Connected on the way. Splice on top of vertical plates 36,36
There are recesses 39, 39 on which the hands 60 overlap. Retract fitting 60
When placed on the parts 39, 39, the plate 3
3 and 33 are the same as the upper surface. Of two plates 36,36
The interval is large enough to insert the rotary tool 50,
As small as possible. The relationship between the plate 36 and the recess 39 is shown in FIG.
This is as described in the example of FIGS.

The joining procedure will now be described.
In this state, the lower plates 34a, 34a are
Join the tips. At this time, the hollow members 31 and 32 are
a, 34a including the joints. Joining
The upper surface of the part bed (the backing of the joining bead) is flat.
The height of the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50 is the thickness of the plates 34a, 34a.
Less than. According to this, the lower surface after bonding is flat.
You. For this reason, this lower surface side should be
Exterior surface of structures such as structures (do not place decorative panels on the surface)
Say a face. ) Can be easier. Generally, friction
Irregularities are likely to occur on the upper surface side of the joint (the boundary 53).

Next, as shown in FIG.
The joint 60 is placed between 1 and 32.

The longitudinal section of the joint 60 is T-shaped. Fitting
When the both ends of 60 are overlapped with the concave portions 32, 32,
Has a gap between it and the joining bead of the lower plate.
The vertical side 61 may not be provided.

Next, as shown in FIG.
The connection with the mold 31 is friction-welded with the rotary tool 50. This
Rotating tool 50 need not be the same as the joining tool in (A)
Absent.

Next, as shown in FIG.
The connection with the mold member 32 is friction-joined by the rotary tool 50.

According to this, joining is performed from one surface side.
In this case, the reversing operation can be omitted. Eliminate reversal work
By omitting, the reversal and positioning time can be omitted,
The advantages of elimination of installation and improvement of assembly accuracy can be obtained.
Wear.

FIG. 10 shows a structure in which the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow members 56 and 57 are simultaneously friction-joined. A rotary tool 50a that joins the lower part of the upper rotary tool 50 in the vertical direction
There is. The projection 52 of the rotary tool 50a faces upward. With the two rotating tools 50, 50a facing each other,
Move at the same speed to perform friction welding. 70, 70 are beds (stands). The centers of rotation of the tools 50 and 50a are collinear. On this line is the joint of the hollow members 56,57 .

According to this, since the rotation center of the other rotary tool 50a is located on the extension line of the rotation center of the one rotary tool 50, the forces are balanced, the deformation of the bonding portion is small, and the bonding can be performed in a short time. Since there is no need to invert the hollow mold members 56 and 57 , deformation is small and work time can be reduced.

This example can be applied to other examples.

Each of the above examples uses a hollow material as a panel.
It is a thing. The following example is applied to a honeycomb panel.
It indicates a match. As shown in FIG.
The panels 80a and 80b are composed of two face plates 81 and 82 and a honeycomb.
Core material 83 having a cam-shaped cell, and ends of face plates 81 and 82
And a rim 84 arranged along the surface,
The material 84 is brazed to the face plates 81 and 82, and is united.
I have. The face plates 81 and 82, the core material 83, and the edge material 84 are
It is a luminium alloy. The rim material 84 is an extruded material,
Its cross section is square. The thickness of each piece is
Thicker than thickness. Thickness of vertical pieces of contacting edge material 84, 84
This is the same as in FIG. Two honeycomb panels 8
The thicknesses of 0a and 80b are the same.

FIG . 11 corresponds to the example of FIG.
The height of the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50 is the thickness of the face plates 81 and 82.
Greater than. Thereby, the face plates 81, 82, and
The edge members 84, 84 are joined. The edge material 84 is mainly a panel
The load acting on the screws 80a and 80b is transmitted. Panel 8
After manufacturing 0a and 80b, they are combined and friction welding is performed.
Do.

FIG . 12 corresponds to FIG. Hani
The edge member 84 of the cam panel 80a has a substantially rectangular cross section.
And has a concave portion at the corner. Edge material of honeycomb panel 80b
Reference numeral 84 denotes a channel opened at the end of the honeycomb panel 80b.
It has a flannel shape, and its tip rests on the concave portion of the edge member 80a.

A honeycomb panel corresponding to FIG .
It can be made.

[0040] Figure 1 3 is equivalent to FIG. 2
After combining the two honeycomb panels 80a and 80b,
A plate 86 is placed on the upper surfaces of the face plates 81, 81 and temporarily fixed to the plates 81, 81 by welding. The plate 86 supplements the material flowing out by plastic flow. In FIG. 12, a vertical piece on the end side of the edge member 84 of the honeycomb panel 80a is removed. The vertical force is borne by the thickness of the horizontal piece and the shape around it.

FIG. 14 will be described. In the examples up to FIG. 13, a panel having two surfaces (plates) was used.
Are panels 91, 92 having substantially one face (plates 94, 94). However, at the ends of the panels 91 and 92, there are two outsides, one with the plates 94, 94 and the other without the plates.
Friction welding is performed in several places. For this reason, the inner joint has small surfaces (plates 93, 93). The plates 93, 93 are supported by the plates 96, 96. Even in this case, it can be said that the plate 96 is substantially orthogonal to the plates 93 and 94. Board 9
3 and 94 are provided with convex portions 37a and 38a similar to those in FIG. On the plates 94, 94, ribs (plates) 95 for a plurality of strength members are arranged at predetermined intervals. The cross section of the rib 95 is T-shaped. The top surface of the rib 95 is flush with the top surface of the plate 93 at the joint. Strength members (for example,
Column) or serves as a mounting seat for articles. Also, the plates 93, 93 serve as seats for managing the height position of the tool 50. Mobile with the tool 50 is moved resting on the plate 93,9 3. By means of the plates 93, 94, the panels 91, 9
2 can also be said to be a dihedral structure. The panels 91 and 92 are extrusion members.

Joining of panel 91 and panel 92 in FIG .
The shape of the portion is such that the plates 96, 96 face each other as in FIG.
However, as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5, and FIG.
You.

FIG . 15 is a diagram showing an application to the structure of a railway vehicle.
It is. The structures include a side structure 101, a roof structure 102, and a floor structure.
The body 103 is composed of a wife structure 104 at a longitudinal end.
You.

The side structure 101 and the roof structure 102 are, for example,
The longitudinal direction of the panels 31, 32, 80a, 80b, 91, 92 is set to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The connection between the side structure 101 and the roof structure 102 and the connection between the side structure 101 and the floor structure 103 are performed by MIG welding. Roof structure 102 and side structure 1
01 is often an arc. When the panels 91 and 92 are used for the side structure 102, the surface on which the plate 96 and the rib 95 are located is the vehicle interior, and the strength member is a pillar.

Note that the panels 31 and 32 in FIG.
Can be combined. Projected plates 34a, 34
The end of “a” overlaps the concave portions 39 on the plate 32 side.
The joint 60 is not used. Friction of joints from above and below simultaneously
Can be joined. Projections are provided on the plates 33 and 34a as shown in FIG.
Can be opened.

The technical scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.
The wording of the claim or the section to be solved by the invention
It is not limited to the language described in the heading section, but is
It extends to a range that can be easily replaced.

[0047]

According to the present invention, the hollow mold member is provided on one side.
Can be friction-bonded.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a joint .

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view after friction welding in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view after the friction welding in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view after friction welding in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view after the friction welding in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a procedure of friction welding according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a structure of a railway vehicle.

[Explanation of symbols]

31, 32: hollow material, 33, 34, 34a: plate, 3
5: rib, 36: plate, 50: rotating body for joining, 33b,
34b: corner, 37a, 38a: convex, 39: concave , 9
1, 92: mold material.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── (5) References JP-A-9-221024 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23K 20/12

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. A first plate and a second plate substantially parallel thereto.
Plate, one end of the second plate and the middle of the first plate
A third plate connected to the first plate, one end of the first plate protruding more than the one end of the second plate.
Out,In a connection portion between the third plate and the second plate,
There is a recess along one end of the second plate, The concave portion is formed outside the hollow member in the thickness direction and the second plate.
Open towards the one end side of  The one end of the first plate is rubbed by inserting a rotary tool
The third plate is substantially perpendicular to the second plate.
And a hollow material for friction joining, characterized by: 2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising: a projection protruding toward the second plate along the one end at the one end of the first plate, wherein the projection is inserted with a rotary tool. A hollow mold member for friction joining, wherein 3. The friction joining device according to claim 1 , wherein the concave portion is a portion frictionally joined by a rotary tool, and the third plate has rigidity to support a force at the time of the friction joining. Hollow profiles. 4. The friction joining device according to claim 1, wherein a surface extending from the second plate to a bottom surface of the concave portion is within an extension of a thickness of the third plate. Hollow material. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the leading surface is substantially on an extension of a center of the thickness of the third plate.
A hollow material for friction joining characterized by the following. 6. The hollow mold member for friction welding according to claim 4, wherein the leading surface is located on the other end side of the hollow mold member with respect to an extension of a center of the thickness of the third plate. 7. The method according to claim 1, whereinAbove the recess
The other end of the first plate, connected to the recess,
A convex protruding outward from the outer surface of the first plate; Have parts
Yes, The convex portion and the concave portion are friction-joined by a rotary tool.
Part The third plate has a rigidity to support a force at the time of the friction welding.
To do,  A hollow profile for friction joining characterized by the following.