JP3224096B2 - Friction joining method and structure - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a friction joining method, and is suitable for, for example, joining panels used for aluminum alloy railway cars and buildings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A two-sided structure (panel) of a railway vehicle structure.
Is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-24686.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-106661 discloses an apparatus using a laminated panel such as a honeycomb panel.

[0003] In the friction joining method, a round bar inserted into a joint is rotated to generate heat, soften, and join. This joining is applied to the butt portion and the overlapping portion. This is WO 9
3/10935 (EP 0615480B1, Tokiohei 7)
505090), Welding & Metal Fabr
ication, January 1995, pages 13-16.

[0004]

In the friction joining method, a downward force acts on the joint due to a reaction in which a member immediately below the rotary tool (round bar) is discharged to the surface during joining. For this reason, when applying this joining method to joining of a two-sided structure (panel), this downward force causes the joint member of the joining portion to be washed down and deformed, and good joining can be performed. could not.

[0005] The two-sided structure (panel) includes, for example, a hollow material of an extruded material of an aluminum alloy and a honeycomb panel. Conventionally, MIG welding or TIG welding has been performed to join the panels. When friction joining is applied to this joint shape, the joint is bent downward or the member is caused to flow downward by the pressing force at the time of the friction joining.

The inventor has discovered the above phenomenon through various experiments.

An object of the present invention is to suppress deformation of members when they are joined by friction welding.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object is to abut a first panel and a second panel, each of the panels being a first plate and substantially parallel to the first plate. A second plate, a third plate that connects an end of the first plate and an end of the second plate, and is substantially orthogonal to the first plate; Wherein the third plates have rigidity to support the force during friction welding , and the outer surfaces of each of the first plates are substantially co-planar, The third plate is butted against each other, and the first plate is placed on the bed, and the rotary tool is inserted into the butted portion from above, and friction joining of the butted portion is performed. Can be achieved.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
This is mainly based on the fourteenth embodiment. The present invention has other diagrams
This will be described using examples of surfaces. The embodiment of FIG.
The shape of the joint of the hollow members 31 and 32 is
This is the case for Ip. Ends of hollow members 31 and 32 in width direction
Has vertical plates 36,36. Before joining
There are vertical plates 36, 36 immediately below the rotary tool 50,
6,36 are facing each other and are in contact. Away
The gap between them is small. The gap is about 1mm
You. The center of the projection 52 is located on the extension line between the plates 36, 36.
Place. The plates 36, 36 only support the downward force.
It has rigidity. The plate 36 is orthogonal to the two plates 33, 34
are doing. The hollow members 31, 32 are made of aluminum alloy.
It is a casting material. The upper and lower surfaces of the hollow member 31 are hollow member 3
2 coincides with the upper and lower surfaces. That is, the hollow mold member 31,
32 have the same thickness. The same applies to the following examples. friction
At the time of joining, the large diameter portion 51 of the rotary tool 50 and the small diameter portion
A boundary 53 between the projection 52 and the projection 52 is located on the upper surface of the hollow members 31 and 32.
are doing. 35 connects the two plates 36, 36
There are multiple trusses. Hollow material 31,
The shape of the end of 32 is left-right symmetric. Hollow members 31, 3
2 is mounted on a gantry (not shown) and fixed so as not to move.
Is defined. There is also a base below the plates 36,36.

[0010] The friction welding is performed while rotating the rotary tool 50.
Then, the protrusion 52 is inserted into the joint between the hollow mold members 31 and 32,
It is performed by moving along the joint. The center of rotation of the projection 52 is
It is between the two plates 36,36.

FIG . 2 shows a state after the friction welding. 45 is contact
It shows the shape of the joining bead after joining. Board 36,
The center of the width of the joining bead 45 is located on the extension line between 36
I do. A bead 45 is provided in the range of the extension of the thickness of the plates 36, 36.
There is. The depth of the joint bead 45 is the rotation inserted into the joint.
It is determined by the height of the convex portion 52 at the lower end of the tool 50.

According to this, the plate 3 perpendicular to the plates 33, 34
6 and 36 support the vertical force during friction welding,
Without bending, a good connection is obtained as shown in FIG.
Things. Plate 36 should be as perpendicular to plates 33 and 34 as possible
Let it.

In order to reduce the weight, a hole is made in the plate 36.
May be. The same applies to the following examples.

The joint on the lower side is obtained by inverting the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow mold material.
And do it.

FIG . 3 shows a plate at the end of one hollow mold member 31.
36, there is no plate 36 at the end of the other hollow member 32.
No. The vertical corners of the plate 36 of the hollow member 31 are hollow members.
The tip of the protruding piece 38, 38 at the end of 32 can be placed.
So that it is concave. This recess is the thickness of the hollow mold material 31.
In the direction and the direction perpendicular to it (hollow mold material 32 side).
Let go. When the protruding piece 38 is placed (overlaid) on the recess,
In the figure, both are in contact, but there is actually a gap. Ma
In addition, the tips of the two (projecting pieces 38, 38 and corners 33b, 3
4b). Two hollow members 31,3
2 butting part on the surface side, that is, the center of the rotary tool 50
The butt portion and the plate 36 are located immediately below the butt portion. Thickness of plate 36
The rotation center of the projection 52 is located on an extension of the center of the shaft.
In other words, on the extension of the center of the thickness of the plate 36, the plate 33 (3
The joint between 4) and the plate 33 (34) is located. Plates 33, 3
The corners 33b and 34b from 4 to the recess are of the thickness of the plate 36.
It is on the extension of the center. Or, of the corners 33b, 34b
The position is determined by taking into account the distance from the protruding piece 38 in FIG.
Just slightly to the left of the extension of the center of thickness 36
You. The plate 36 has rigidity to support the vertical force. Sudden
The horizontal distance between the tip of the piece 38 and the hollow member 31 is shown in FIG.
Is the same as The height of the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50 is
It is about the thickness of the projection 38. Generally, below the convex portion 38
To the plastic flow state, and are friction-welded. Similarly,
The plastic flow state is larger than the diameter of the convex portion 52. Protruding piece 3
8 is friction-joined to below the contact portion between the lower surface of the plate 8 and the plate 36.
It is desirable to do so.

FIG . 4 shows a state after the joining. Thickness of plate 36
The center of the width of the joining bead 45 is located on the extension of the center of
You.

In order to support the vertical force, the thickness of the plate 36 is
The center of rotation of the rotary tool 50 must be on the extension of the center of the
Is desirable. The joint amount of the left and right hollow mold members 31 and 32 is the same.
In order to unite, the corners 33b and 34b are
Is desirable. Turn within the extension of the thickness of plate 36
It is desirable that the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50 be provided,
The thickness of the plate depends on the vertical force, the position of the projection 52, and the strength of the plate 36.
It is determined accordingly. For this reason, the diameter of the plate 36 is larger than the diameter of the projection 52.
It is conceivable that the thickness is smaller. In addition, rotary tool 5
Consider the position error of 0 and the position error of corners 33b and 34b.
Then, the corners 33b, 34 are in the range of the extension of the thickness of the plate 36.
b, and the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50
It is desirable that some of them are located. According to this, the plate
36 can receive the vertical force at all.
Substantially prevent deformation of the claws and obtain a good joint
it can. Based on the bead 45, the bead 45 is a convex
Although slightly larger than 52, it can be said that almost the same
You. The same applies to other examples.

According to this joint shape, according to an experiment,
In general, as compared to the case of FIG.
Even if there is a large gap in the horizontal direction from
Can be eliminated. For this reason, it looks good and is painted
When doing so, the amount of putty can be reduced. this
Is because the gap between both ends by the thickness of the protruding piece 38
Conceivable. Also, it is generally thought that
You. Also, one hollow mold is embedded in the other
It is easy to align the two in the height direction.
is there.

The shape of the end of the hollow member 31 is bilaterally symmetric.
The shape of the end of the hollow mold member 32 is symmetrical. Also
In FIG. 3, one end of the hollow mold member 31 is as shown in FIG.
It is the shape of the end of the hollow mold member 32 of FIG.

FIG . 5 shows a corner 33 of the hollow of the hollow material 31.
There is substantially no vertical plate 36 immediately below b, 34b. Corner
The right end of the plate 36 is on the extension of the parts 33b and 34b. this
The rotation center of the rotary tool 50 is on the extension line. At the joint
And the thickness of the projecting piece 37 located below is increased.
Increase the arc of the connection from the tip of 37 to the plate 36,
The end of the hollow member 31 is made rigid to support the vertical force.
You. The protruding piece 38 of the other hollow mold member 32 is the same as in the example of FIG.
In addition, it overlaps the concave portion of the projecting piece 37. The other hollow member 3
2 is a plate 3 connecting the two plates 33 and 34 near the protruding piece.
6. As a result, the vertical
Even without the plate 36, no failure occurs at the joint. However
The plate 3 of the panel 31 extends vertically in the range of the bead 45.
There are six. FIG. 6 shows a state after the joining.

In FIG . 5, the plate 36 of the hollow mold member 32 is removed.
It is also possible.

FIG . 7 shows two hollow members 3 in FIG.
At the joints of the first and second projections, the projections 37 projecting to the front surface side
a, 38a. In other words, the thickness of the joint
Is thicker. Convex portion 37a and convex portion 38a have the same height
It is. Other shapes are the same as in FIG.
The projection 37 has a slightly reduced thickness.

According to this, the convex portion 37 is formed before the friction welding.
Even if there is a gap between
Accordingly, the volumes of the convex portions 37a and 38a fill the gap. This
Therefore, the appearance is good and the amount of putty can be reduced.

Conventionally, a downward force
A hole is created in the joint bead by the volume of the member 41 that has flowed down.
Had occurred. According to the joint shape of FIG.
The convex portions 37a and 38a are plastically flowed by the tool 50 and
To compensate for the volume of the member 41 that has been washed away and lost
To prevent voids and achieve good bonding.
It can be. FIG. 8 shows the shape of the bead 45 after joining.
It shows the shape. After joining, if there are unnecessary parts
Cut as shown.

The convex portions 37a and 38a are shown in FIGS.
5 and the examples described later.

FIG . 9 shows the joining of the upper and lower surfaces from only one side.
It is something that can be obtained. Lower surface of hollow members 31 and 32
The end on the side is a protruding piece 34a from the same plane as the lower plates 34, 34.
Is largely protruded toward the other hollow mold member. Projection 34
The tips of a and 34a are substantially in contact. Top plate 3
The tips of 3, 33 are lower than the tips of lower plates 34a, 34a.
It is located behind. The top and bottom of the upper plates 33, 33
Connected to the plane plates 34, 34 by vertical plates 36, 36
Have been. The plates 36, 36 are connected in the middle of the plate 34.
You. A recess in which the joint 60 overlaps the upper portions of the vertical plates 36, 36
There are parts 39, 39. Place the joint 60 in the concave portions 39, 39
The upper surfaces of the plates 33, 33 on the upper surface of the joint 60
Be one side. The distance between the two plates 36, 36 is
Is small enough to insert a
The relationship between the plate 36 and the concave portion 39 is shown in FIGS. 3, 5, and 7 and the like.
As described.

The joining procedure will now be described.
In this state, the lower plates 34a, 34a are
Join the tips. At this time, the hollow members 31 and 32 are
a, 34a including the joints. Joining
The upper surface of the part bed (the backing of the joining bead) is flat.
The height of the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50 is the thickness of the plates 34a, 34a.
Less than. According to this, the lower surface after bonding is flat.
You. For this reason, this lower surface side should be
Exterior surface of structures such as structures (do not place decorative panels on the surface)
Say a face. ) Can be easier. Generally, friction
Irregularities are likely to occur on the upper surface side of the joint (the boundary 53).

Next, as shown in FIG.
The joint 60 is placed between 1 and 32.

The longitudinal section of the joint 60 is T-shaped. Fitting
When the both ends of 60 are overlapped with the concave portions 32, 32,
Has a gap between it and the joining bead of the lower plate.
The vertical side 61 may not be provided.

Next, as shown in FIG.
The connection with the mold 31 is friction-welded with the rotary tool 50. This
Rotating tool 50 need not be the same as the joining tool in (A)
No.

Next, as shown in FIG.
The connection with the mold member 32 is friction-joined by the rotary tool 50.

According to this, joining is performed from one surface side.
In this case, the reversing operation can be omitted. Eliminate reversal work
By omitting, the reversal and positioning time can be omitted,
The advantages of elimination of installation and improvement of assembly accuracy can be obtained.
Wear.

FIG. 10 shows a structure in which the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow members 56 and 57 are simultaneously friction-bonded. A rotary tool 50a that joins the lower part of the upper rotary tool 50 in the vertical direction
There is. The projection 52 of the rotary tool 50a faces upward. With the two rotating tools 50, 50a facing each other,
Move at the same speed to perform friction welding. 70, 70 are beds (stands). The centers of rotation of the tools 50 and 50a are collinear. On this line is the joint of the hollow members 56,57 .

According to this, since the rotation center of the other rotary tool 50a is located on the extension line of the rotation center of the one rotary tool 50, the forces are balanced, the deformation of the bonding portion is small, and the bonding can be performed in a short time. Since there is no need to invert the hollow mold members 56 and 57 , deformation is small and work time can be reduced.

This example can be applied to other examples.

Each of the above examples uses a hollow material as a panel.
It is a thing. The following examples apply to honeycomb panels.
FIG. As shown in FIG.
Panels 80a and 80b include two face plates 81 and 82,
A core 83 having honeycomb-shaped cells, and face plates 81 and 82;
And a rim 84 arranged along the end face of the core material 8.
3. The edge material 84 is brazed to the face plates 81 and 82, and is integrally formed.
Has become. Face plates 81 and 82, core material 83, and edge material 8
4 is an aluminum alloy. Edge material 84 is an extruded material.
And its cross-section is square. The thickness of each piece is plate 81,
82 thicker. Vertical of contacting edge material 84,84
The thickness of the piece is the same as in FIG. Two honeycombs
The thickness of the tunnels 80a and 80b is the same.

The embodiment of FIG . 11 corresponds to the embodiment of FIG.
Things. The height of the convex portion 52 of the rotary tool 50 is the face plate 8.
1,82 greater than the thickness. Thereby, the face plate 8
1, 82 and rims 84, 84 are joined. Lord
The edge material 84 transmits the load acting on the panels 80a and 80b.
Reach. After manufacturing panels 80a and 80b, combine them
And perform friction welding.

FIG . 12 corresponds to FIG. Hani
The edge member 84 of the cam panel 80a has a substantially rectangular cross section.
And has a concave portion at the corner. Edge material of honeycomb panel 80b
Reference numeral 84 denotes a channel opened at the end of the honeycomb panel 80b.
It has a flannel shape, and its tip rests on the concave portion of the edge member 80a.

A honeycomb panel corresponding to FIG .
It can be made.

FIG. 13 corresponds to FIG. 2
After combining the two honeycomb panels 80a and 80b,
A plate 86 is placed on the upper surfaces of the face plates 81, 81 and temporarily fixed to the plates 81, 81 by welding. The plate 86 supplements the material flowing out by plastic flow. In FIG. 12, a vertical piece on the end side of the edge member 84 of the honeycomb panel 80a is removed. The vertical force is borne by the thickness of the horizontal piece and the shape around it.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 14 will be described . At the ends of the panels 91 and 92, friction welding is performed at two places, outside with the plates 94 and 94 and inside without the plates. For this reason, the inner joint has small surfaces (plates 93, 93). The plates 93, 93 are supported by the plates 96, 96.
Even in this case, it can be said that the plate 96 is substantially orthogonal to the plates 93 and 94. The plates 93 and 94 have the same convex portions 37 as in FIG.
a and 38a. On the plates 94, 94, ribs (plates) 95 for a plurality of strength members are arranged at predetermined intervals. The cross section of the rib 95 is T-shaped. The top surface of the rib 95 is flush with the top surface of the plate 93 at the joint. A strength member (for example, a column) is welded to the top surfaces of the two members, and the top surface serves as a mounting seat for articles. Also, the plates 93, 93 serve as seats for managing the height position of the tool 50. The moving body including the tool 50 moves on the plates 93 and 93. By the plates 93, 94,
These panels 91 and 92 can also be said to be dihedral structures. Panel 9
Reference numerals 1 and 92 are extrusion members.

Joining of panel 91 and panel 92 in FIG .
The shape of the portion is such that the plates 96, 96 face each other as in FIG.
However, as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5, and FIG.
You.

FIG . 15 is a diagram showing an application to the structure of a railway vehicle.
It is. The structures include a side structure 101, a roof structure 102, and a floor structure.
The body 103 is composed of a wife structure 104 at a longitudinal end.
You.

The side structure 101 and the roof structure 102 are, for example,
The longitudinal direction of the panels 31, 32, 80a, 80b, 91, 92 is set to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The connection between the side structure 101 and the roof structure 102 and the connection between the side structure 101 and the floor structure 103 are performed by MIG welding. Roof structure 102 and side structure 1
01 is often an arc. When the panels 91 and 92 are used for the side structure 102, the surface on which the plate 96 and the rib 95 are located is the vehicle interior, and the strength member is a pillar.

Note that the panels 31 and 32 in FIG.
Can be combined. Projected plates 34a, 34
The end of “a” overlaps the concave portions 39 on the plate 32 side.
The joint 60 is not used. Friction of joints from above and below simultaneously
Can be joined. Projections are provided on the plates 33 and 34a as shown in FIG.
Can be opened.

The technical scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.
The wording of the claim or the section to be solved by the invention
It is not limited to the language described in the heading section, but is
It extends to a range that can be easily replaced.

[0047]

According to the present invention, between the two surfaces to be joined
Since the third plate support member is arranged,
Deformation of the member can be suppressed, and good friction welding is performed.
Is what you can do.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view after friction welding in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a joint .

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view after the friction welding in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view after friction welding in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view after the friction welding in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a procedure of friction joining of another joining portion .

FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a structure of a railway vehicle.

[Explanation of symbols]

31, 32: hollow material, 33, 34, 34a: plate, 3
5: rib, 36: plate, 50: rotating body for joining, 33b,
34b: corner, 37a, 38a: convex, 39: concave , 9
1, 92: mold material.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き The continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-6-106661 (JP, A) JP-A-9-221024 (JP, A) Frictions svetsninng ny met for for minimum, VERKSTADER NA, (Sverage), Verks tademas Forlag AB, March 4, 1996 (KunglTekniska Hogskolans Bibliotek acceptance date), NR2, 1996, P32.34 (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23K 20/12

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] A first panel and a second panel abutting each other, wherein each of the panels includes a first plate, a second plate substantially parallel to the first plate, A third plate connecting an end of the first plate and an end of the second plate, the third plate being substantially orthogonal to the first plate; Has a rigidity to support a force at the time of friction joining , an outer surface of each of the first plates is substantially on the same surface, and the third plates are abutted with each other; Friction joining of the butted portion in a state where the rotating tool is inserted into the butted portion from above with the plate being placed on the bed. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second panels are abutted against each other, wherein each of the panels includes a first plate, a second plate substantially parallel to the first plate, A core between the two plates,
An edge material disposed between the two plates and substantially perpendicular to the first plate, wherein the edge material has rigidity to support a force at the time of friction welding ; The outer surfaces of the plates are substantially in the same plane, the rims are butted against each other, and the rotary tool is inserted from above into the butted portion with the first plate placed on the bed. And performing friction welding of the butted portions in a state of being joined.