JP3229283B2 - Friction joining method and structure - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a friction joining method, and is suitable for, for example, joining panels used for aluminum alloy railway cars and buildings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A two-sided structure (panel) of a railway vehicle structure.
Is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-24686.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-106661 discloses an apparatus using a laminated panel such as a honeycomb panel.

[0003] In the friction joining method, a round bar inserted into a joint is rotated to generate heat, soften, and join. This joining is applied to the butt portion and the overlapping portion. This is WO 9
3/10935 (EP 0615480B1, Tokiohei 7)
505090), Welding & Metal Fabr
ication, January 1995, pages 13-16.

[0004]

In the friction joining method, a downward force acts on the joint due to a reaction in which a member immediately below the rotary tool (round bar) is discharged to the surface during joining. For this reason, when applying this joining method to joining of a two-sided structure (panel), this downward force causes the joint member of the joining portion to be washed down and deformed, and good joining can be performed. could not.

[0005] The two-sided structure (panel) includes, for example, a hollow material of an extruded material of an aluminum alloy and a honeycomb panel. Conventionally, MIG welding or TIG welding has been performed to join the panels. When friction joining is applied to this joint shape, the joint is bent downward or the member is caused to flow downward by the pressing force at the time of the friction joining.

The inventor has discovered the above phenomenon through various experiments.

It is an object of the present invention, a member I by the friction junction
An object of the present invention is to suppress deformation of members when joining .

[0008]

An object of the present invention is to connect a first plate, a second plate substantially parallel thereto, and an end of the first plate to the second plate. has a third plate, the first member consisting of the third plate is substantially perpendicular to said first plate, said third plate and said first plate Has a concave portion, the concave portion is open toward the outside in the thickness direction of the first member and toward the one end side of the first member, and the concave portion has an end of a second member. When the rotating tool is inserted into the overlapped portion from the outside while the first member and the second member of the overlapped portion are supported, friction is applied to the overlapped portion. Can be achieved by joining.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
This is mainly based on the embodiment of FIG. The present invention relates to other
The description will be made using the example of the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the panel
The shape of the joint between the hollow members 31, 32 is of the butt type.
Is the case. At the ends of the hollow members 31 and 32 in the width direction,
There are straight plates 36,36. Before joining, rotating tools
There are vertical plates 36, 36 directly below 50, and the plates 36, 36
They are facing each other and in contact. When away
The gap between them is small. The gap is about 1 mm. Board 3
The center of the convex portion 52 is located on the extension line between 6 and 36.
The plates 36 have sufficient rigidity to support the downward force.
are doing. The plate 36 is orthogonal to the two plates 33, 34
You. Hollow members 31, 32 are extruded aluminum alloy
Material. The upper and lower surfaces of the hollow mold member 31 are above the hollow mold member 32
Coincides with the lower surface. In other words, the hollow members 31 and 32
The thickness is the same. The same applies to the following embodiments. Frictional contact
At the time of the joint, the large diameter portion 51 of the rotary tool 50 and the convexity of the small diameter portion
A boundary 53 with the part 52 is located on the upper surface of the hollow members 31, 32.
ing. 35 connects the two plates 36, 36
Thus, a plurality of trusses are arranged. Hollow members 31, 3
The shape of the end of 2 is left-right symmetric. Hollow members 31, 32
Is mounted on a gantry (not shown) and fixed so that it does not move
Have been. There is also a base below the plates 36,36.

[0010] The friction welding is performed while rotating the rotary tool 50.
Then, the protrusion 52 is inserted into the joint between the hollow mold members 31 and 32,
It is performed by moving along the joint. The center of rotation of the projection 52 is
It is between the two plates 36,36.

FIG . 2 shows a state after the friction welding. 45 is contact
It shows the shape of the joining bead after joining. Board 36,
The center of the width of the joining bead 45 is located on the extension line between 36
I do. A bead 45 is provided in the range of the extension of the thickness of the plates 36, 36.
There is. The depth of the joint bead 45 is the rotation inserted into the joint.
It is determined by the height of the convex portion 52 at the lower end of the tool 50.

According to this, the plate 3 perpendicular to the plates 33, 34
6 and 36 support the vertical force during friction welding,
Without bending, a good connection is obtained as shown in FIG.
Things. Plate 36 should be as perpendicular to plates 33 and 34 as possible
Let it.

In order to reduce the weight, a hole is made in the plate 36.
May be. The same applies to the following embodiments.

The joint on the lower side is obtained by inverting the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow mold material.
And do it.

The embodiment shown in FIG .
At the end there is a plate 36, at the end of the other hollow profile 32
There is no 36. The vertical corner of the plate 36 of the hollow member 31 is
The tip of the protruding piece 38, 38 at the end of the hollow member 32 is placed
And recessed so that you can. This recess is a hollow mold 3
1 and the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction (hollow mold material 32).
Side). The protruding piece 38 is placed in the recess (overlapping
At that time, the two are in contact in the figure, but the gap is actually
is there. In addition, both ends (projecting pieces 38, 38 and corner 3
3b and 34b). Two hollow members
Butting portions on the front side of the surfaces 31, 32, that is, the rotating tool 5
Immediately below the center of the 0, there is the butted portion and the plate 36. Board
The center of rotation of the projection 52 is located on an extension of the center of the thickness of 36.
Place. That is, the plate 3 is placed on an extension of the center of the thickness of the plate 36.
3 (34) and the joint of plate 33 (34) are located. Board 3
The corners 33b and 34b from the base plates 3 and 34 to the recesses are
It is on the extension of the center of thickness . Or, the corners 33b, 3
The position of 4b is shown in FIG.
Is slightly left than on the extension of the center of the thickness of the plate 36
It is in. The plate 36 has rigidity to support the vertical force.
You. Horizontal spacing between tip of protruding piece 38 and hollow mold 31
Are the same as in FIG. Of the convex portion 52 of the rotary tool 50
The height is about the thickness of the protruding piece 38. In general, it ’s convex 38
The plastic flow state to the lower part, and friction welding is performed. same
Thus, the plastic flow state is larger than the diameter of the convex portion 52.
Friction welding to the lower part of the contact between the lower surface of the projection 38 and the plate 36
It is desirable to be done.

FIG . 4 shows a state after the joining. Thickness of plate 36
The center of the width of the joining bead 45 is located on the extension of the center of
You.

In order to support the vertical force, the thickness of the plate 36 is
The center of rotation of the rotary tool 50 must be on the extension of the center of the
Is desirable. The joint amount of the left and right hollow mold members 31 and 32 is the same.
In order to unite, the corners 33b and 34b are
Is desirable. Turn within the extension of the thickness of plate 36
It is desirable that the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50 be provided,
The thickness of the plate depends on the vertical force, the position of the projection 52, and the strength of the plate 36.
It is determined accordingly. For this reason, the diameter of the plate 36 is larger than the diameter of the projection 52.
It is conceivable that the thickness is smaller. In addition, rotary tool 5
Consider the position error of 0 and the position error of corners 33b and 34b.
Then, the corners 33b, 34 are in the range of the extension of the thickness of the plate 36.
b, and the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50
It is desirable that some of them are located. According to this, the plate
36 can receive the vertical force at all.
Substantially prevent deformation of the claws and obtain a good joint
it can. Based on the bead 45, the bead 45 is a convex
Although slightly larger than 52, it can be said that almost the same
You. The same applies to other embodiments.

According to this joint shape, according to an experiment,
In general, as compared to the case of FIG.
Even if there is a large gap in the horizontal direction from
Can be eliminated. For this reason, it looks good and is painted
Those small Kudekiru the amount of putty also in the case of. this
Is because the gap between both ends by the thickness of the protruding piece 38
Conceivable. Also, it is generally thought that
You. Also, one hollow mold is embedded in the other
It is easy to align the two in the height direction.
is there.

The shape of the end of the hollow member 31 is bilaterally symmetric.
The shape of the end of the hollow mold member 32 is symmetrical. Also
In FIG. 3, one end of the hollow mold member 31 is as shown in FIG.
It is the shape of the end of the hollow mold member 32 of FIG.

The embodiment shown in FIG .
There is substantially no vertical plate 36 immediately below the portions 33b, 34b.
No. The right end of the plate 36 is on the extension of the corners 33b and 34b.
You. The rotation center of the rotary tool 50 is on the extension line. Contact
The thickness of the protruding piece 37 located below at the joint is increased,
In addition, the arc of the connecting portion from the tip of the protruding piece 37 to the plate 36 is large.
Thus, the end of the hollow member 31 is rigidly supported by the vertical force.
I have to. The protruding piece 38 of the other hollow mold member 32 is the actual one shown in FIG.
As in the embodiment, it overlaps with the concave portion of the projecting piece 37. The other
Two plates 33 and 34 are connected to the hollow member 32 near the protruding piece.
It has a continuous plate 36. As a result, the corners of the recess
Even if there is no vertical plate 36 below, no defect occurs at the joint.
No. However, in the vertical direction of the area of the bead 45, the panel 3
There is one plate 36. FIG. 6 shows a state after the joining.

In the embodiment shown in FIG .
It is also possible to eliminate 36.

The embodiment of FIG . 7 differs from the embodiment of FIG.
At the joint between the two hollow members 31 and 32,
Protruding convex portions 37a and 38a are provided. Toes
Therefore, the thickness of the joint is thick. Convex part 37a and convex part
38a are the same height. Other shapes are the same as in FIG.
However, the thickness of the plate 36 and the protrusion 37 is slightly reduced.
You.

According to this, the convex portion 37 is formed before the friction welding.
Even if there is a gap between
Accordingly, the volumes of the convex portions 37a and 38a fill the gap. This
Therefore, the appearance is good and the amount of putty can be reduced.

Conventionally, a downward force
A hole is created in the joint bead by the volume of the member 41 that has flowed down.
Had occurred. According to the joint shape of FIG.
The convex portions 37a and 38a are plastically flowed by the tool 50 and
To compensate for the volume of the member 41 that has been washed away and lost
To prevent voids and achieve good bonding.
It can be. FIG. 8 shows the shape of the bead 45 after joining.
It shows the shape. After joining, if there are unnecessary parts
Cut as shown.

The convex portions 37a and 38a are shown in FIGS.
5 and the embodiment described later.
You.

The embodiment shown in FIG . 9 has two upper and lower surfaces from only one side.
This is to enable joining. Hollow shape members 31,3
2 has a lower end protruding from the same plane as the lower plates 34, 34.
The piece 34a protrudes largely toward the other hollow mold. Sudden
The tips of the pieces 34a, 34a are substantially in contact. Upper surface
The ends of the plates 33, 33 are the ends of the lower plates 34a, 34a.
It is located behind. The top of the upper plate 33
The lower part and the lower plates 34, 34 are perpendicular to each other by plates 36, 36.
Connected. Plates 36, 36 are connected in the middle of plate 34
are doing. The joint 60 is heavy on the upper portions of the vertical plates 36, 36.
There are concave portions 39, 39. Fitting 60 to recess 39,3
9 when placed on the upper plates 33, 33 of the joint 60
Become the same plane as the plane. The interval between the two plates 36, 36 is
Small enough to insert the tool 50
Please. The relationship between the plate 36 and the recess 39 is shown in FIGS.
This is as described in the embodiments and the like.

The joining procedure will now be described.
In this state, the lower plates 34a, 34a are
Join the tips. At this time, the hollow members 31 and 32 are
a, 34a including the joints. Joining
The upper surface of the part bed (the backing of the joining bead) is flat.
The height of the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50 is the thickness of the plates 34a, 34a.
Less than. According to this, the lower surface after bonding is flat.
You. For this reason, this lower surface side should be
Exterior surface of structures such as structures (do not place decorative panels on the surface)
Say a face. ) Can be easier. Generally, friction
Irregularities are likely to occur on the upper surface side of the joint (the boundary 53).

Next, as shown in FIG.
The joint 60 is placed between 1 and 32.

The longitudinal section of the joint 60 is T-shaped. Fitting
When the both ends of 60 are overlapped with the concave portions 32, 32,
Has a gap between it and the joining bead of the lower plate.
The vertical side 61 may not be provided.

Next, as shown in FIG.
The connection with the mold 31 is friction-welded with the rotary tool 50. This
Rotating tool 50 need not be the same as the joining tool in (A)
Absent.

Next, as shown in FIG.
The connection with the mold member 32 is friction-joined by the rotary tool 50.

According to this, joining is performed from one surface side.
In this case, the reversing operation can be omitted. Eliminate reversal work
By omitting, the reversal and positioning time can be omitted,
The advantages of elimination of installation and improvement of assembly accuracy can be obtained.
Wear.

FIG. 10 shows a structure in which the upper and lower surfaces of the hollow members 56 and 57 are simultaneously friction-bonded. A rotary tool 50a that joins the lower part of the upper rotary tool 50 in the vertical direction
There is. The projection 52 of the rotary tool 50a faces upward. With the two rotating tools 50, 50a facing each other,
Move at the same speed to perform friction welding. 70, 70 are beds (stands). The centers of rotation of the tools 50 and 50a are collinear. On this line is the joint of the hollow members 56,57 .

According to this, since the rotation center of the other rotary tool 50a is located on the extension line of the rotation center of the one rotary tool 50, the forces are balanced, the deformation of the bonding portion is small, and the bonding can be performed in a short time. Since there is no need to invert the hollow mold members 56 and 57 , deformation is small and work time can be reduced.

This embodiment can be applied to other embodiments.

Each of the above embodiments uses a hollow member as a panel.
It was used. The following example applies to honeycomb panels
FIG. As shown in FIG.
Panels 80a and 80b include two face plates 81 and 82,
A core 83 having honeycomb-shaped cells, and face plates 81 and 82;
And a rim 84 arranged along the end face of the core material 8.
3. The edge material 84 is brazed to the face plates 81 and 82, and is integrally formed.
Has become. Face plates 81 and 82, core material 83, and edge material 8
4 is an aluminum alloy. Edge material 84 is an extruded material.
And its cross-section is square. The thickness of each piece is plate 81,
82 thicker. Vertical of contacting edge material 84,84
The thickness of the piece is the same as in FIG. Two honeycombs
The thickness of the tunnels 80a and 80b is the same.

FIG . 11 corresponds to the example of FIG.
The height of the projection 52 of the rotary tool 50 is the thickness of the face plates 81 and 82.
Greater than. Thereby, the face plates 81, 82, and
The edge members 84, 84 are joined. The edge material 84 is mainly a panel
The load acting on the screws 80a and 80b is transmitted. Panel 8
After manufacturing 0a and 80b, they are combined and friction welding is performed.
Do.

The embodiment of FIG . 12 corresponds to FIG.
You. The edge member 84 of the honeycomb panel 80a has a substantially square cross section.
It has a shape and a concave portion at a corner. Honeycomb panel 80b
Edge material 84 of the honeycomb panel 80b is open at the end side.
It has a channel shape, and its tip rests on the concave portion of the edge material 80a.
You.

A honeycomb panel corresponding to FIG .
It can be made.

[0040] Figure 1 3 is equivalent to FIG. 2
After combining the two honeycomb panels 80a and 80b,
A plate 86 is placed on the upper surfaces of the face plates 81, 81 and temporarily fixed to the plates 81, 81 by welding. The plate 86 supplements the material flowing out by plastic flow. In FIG. 12, a vertical piece on the end side of the edge member 84 of the honeycomb panel 80a is removed. The vertical force is borne by the thickness of the horizontal piece and the shape around it.

Referring to FIG. The embodiment up to FIG. 13 is a panel having two surfaces (plates).
Reference numeral 4 denotes panels 91 and 92 having substantially one surface (plates 94 and 94). However, at the end portions of the panels 91 and 92, friction welding is performed at two places outside the plates 94 and 94 and inside without the plates. For this reason, the inner joint has small surfaces (plates 93, 93). The plates 93, 93 are supported by the plates 96, 96. Even in this case, it can be said that the plate 96 is substantially orthogonal to the plates 93 and 94. Board 93,
94 has the same convex portions 37a and 38a as in FIG.
On the plates 94, 94, ribs (plates) 95 for a plurality of strength members are arranged at predetermined intervals. The cross section of the rib 95 is T
It is. The top surface of the rib 95 is flush with the top surface of the plate 93 at the joint. A strength member (for example, a column) is welded to the top surfaces of the two members, and the top surface serves as a mounting seat for articles. Also, plate 93,
93 is a seat for managing the height position of the tool 50.
Mobile with the tool 50 is moved resting on the plate 93,9 3. By means of the plates 93, 94, the panels 91, 92 are also 2
It can be said that it is a plane structure. The panels 91 and 92 are extrusion members.

Joining of panel 91 and panel 92 in FIG .
The shape of the portion is such that the plates 96, 96 face each other as in FIG.
However, as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5, and FIG.
You.

FIG . 15 is a diagram showing an application to the structure of a railway vehicle.
It is. The structures include a side structure 101, a roof structure 102, and a floor structure.
The body 103 is composed of a wife structure 104 at a longitudinal end.
You.

The side structure 101 and the roof structure 102 are, for example,
The longitudinal direction of the panels 31, 32, 80a, 80b, 91, 92 is set to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The connection between the side structure 101 and the roof structure 102 and the connection between the side structure 101 and the floor structure 103 are performed by MIG welding. Roof structure 102 and side structure 1
01 is often an arc. When the panels 91 and 92 are used for the side structure 102, the surface on which the plate 96 and the rib 95 are located is the vehicle interior, and the strength member is a pillar.

Note that the panels 31 and 32 in FIG.
Can be combined. Projected plates 34a, 34
The end of “a” overlaps the concave portions 39 on the plate 32 side.
The joint 60 is not used. Friction of joints from above and below simultaneously
Can be joined. Projections are provided on the plates 33 and 34a as shown in FIG.
Can be opened.

The technical scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.
The wording of the claim or the section to be solved by the invention
It is not limited to the language described in the heading section, but is
It extends to a range that can be easily replaced.

[0047]

According to the present invention, a member such as a hollow member is provided.
Parts to be joined when lap joining by friction joining
I'm trying to join with one of the other members as a support
In this way, deformation of the members to be joined can be suppressed,
It can be joined.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a joint.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view after friction welding in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view after the friction welding in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view after friction welding in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view after the friction welding in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a procedure of friction welding according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of another joint .

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a structure of a railway vehicle.

[Explanation of symbols]

31, 32: hollow material, 33, 34, 34a: plate, 3
5: rib, 36: plate, 50: rotating body for joining, 33b,
34b: corner, 37a, 38a: convex, 39: concave , 9
1, 92: mold material.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── (5) References JP-A-9-221024 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23K 20/12

Claims (13)

(57) [Claims] 1. A first plate and a second plate substantially parallel thereto.
And a third member that connects an end of the first plate and the second plate, the first member comprising: plates are substantially orthogonal to the third has a plate recess in the connection portion between the first plate, the recess is in the thickness direction of the first member outer and the first In the state where it is open toward the one end side of the member, the end of the second member is overlapped with the concave portion , and the first member and the second member of the overlapped portion are supported, Friction-joining the overlapped portion with the rotary tool inserted into the overlapped portion from the outside. 2. The friction joining method according to claim 1, wherein the friction joining is performed with the rotation center of the rotary tool positioned within an extension of the thickness of the third plate. 3. A first plate and a second plate substantially parallel thereto.
And a third plate that connects an end of the first plate and an end of the second plate, the third plate being substantially orthogonal to the first plate. And a connecting portion between the third plate and the first plate, and a connecting portion between the third plate and the second plate, each having a concave portion. The recess is open to the outside in the thickness direction of the first member and toward the one end of the first member, and the end of the second member is overlapped with each of the recesses, The first member and the second member of one of the overlapping portions
And friction-joining the overlapped portion while the rotary tool is inserted from the outside into the other overlapped portion in a state where the member is supported. 4. The friction joining method according to claim 3, wherein the friction joining is performed with the rotation center of the rotary tool positioned within an extension of the thickness of the third plate. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first member and the second member are inverted after the other overlapped portion is friction-joined, and Inserting the rotary tool from the outside into the one overlapped portion and friction-joining the overlapped portion while supporting the first member and the second member; . 6. The rotary tool according to claim 3, wherein the rotary tool is disposed outside each of the one overlapped portion and outside the other one of the overlapped portions, and the center of rotation of one of the rotary tools is extended. A frictional joining method, wherein the frictional joining is simultaneously performed in a state where the other rotary tool is substantially arranged in the direction. 7. The friction welding of claim 3, wherein the first member and the second member of the one overlapped portion are placed on a bed, and the other overlapped portion is frictionally joined from above. A friction joining method. 8. A first plate and a second plate substantially parallel thereto.
A first member having a first plate and a third plate connected to the middle of the first plate at an end of the second plate substantially orthogonal to the second plate. And a connecting portion between the third plate and the second plate of each of the members has a concave portion, and each of the concave portions is an outer side in a thickness direction of each of the members. And the second plate is open toward the end side, and the first member of the second member is provided in the recess of the first member.
And an end of the first plate of the first member is overlapped with the recess of the second member, and the first member and the first member of one of the overlapped portions are overlapped. 2
Wherein the rotating tool is inserted into the other overlapped portion from the outside while the member is supported, and the overlapped portion is friction-joined. 9. The friction joining method according to claim 8, wherein the rotational joining of the rotary tool is positioned within an extension of the thickness of the third plate and the friction joining is performed. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the first member and the second member are turned over after the other overlapped portion is friction-joined, and Inserting the rotary tool from the outside into the one overlapped portion and friction-joining the overlapped portion while supporting the first member and the second member; . 11. The friction joining method according to claim 8, wherein the friction joining is simultaneously performed from outside of the one of the overlapped portions and outside of the other of the overlapped portions. 12. The first member is connected to the first plate, to which a substantially parallel second plate, and said end portion of the first end and the second plate of the plate The first plate
And a third plate substantially orthogonal to the second plate. A connecting portion between the third plate and the first plate, and a third plate and the third plate Each of the connecting portions with the second plate has a concave portion, and the second member is superimposed on each of the concave portions from the outside in the thickness direction of the first member. Wherein the center of the width of the friction-joined joining bead is within an extension of the thickness of the third plate. 13. The first member is for connecting a first plate, to which a second plate substantially parallel, to the end of the first plate and the second plate And the first plate is substantially
A third plate that is substantially perpendicular to the first plate, wherein the third plate is substantially perpendicular to the first plate, and the third plate and the first plate The connecting portion has a concave portion, the second member is superimposed on the concave portion from the outside in the thickness direction of the first member, the overlapped portion is friction-joined, and the width of the friction-joined bead Wherein the center of is within an extension of the thickness of the third plate.