JP2004087260A - Layer built cell, battery pack, battery module, and electric automobile - Google Patents

Layer built cell, battery pack, battery module, and electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004087260A
JP2004087260A JP2002245539A JP2002245539A JP2004087260A JP 2004087260 A JP2004087260 A JP 2004087260A JP 2002245539 A JP2002245539 A JP 2002245539A JP 2002245539 A JP2002245539 A JP 2002245539A JP 2004087260 A JP2004087260 A JP 2004087260A
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Prior art keywords
negative electrode
positive electrode
electrode tab
battery
tab
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JP2002245539A
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JP4211322B2 (en
Inventor
Yasunari Hisamitsu
久光　泰成
Takaaki Abe
安部　孝昭
Takanori Ito
伊藤　孝憲
Osamu Shimamura
嶋村　修
Takami Saito
齋藤　崇実
Hideaki Horie
堀江　英明
Hiroshi Sugawara
菅原　浩
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002245539A priority Critical patent/JP4211322B2/en
Priority to DE60314076T priority patent/DE60314076T2/en
Priority to EP03015454A priority patent/EP1414084B1/en
Priority to US10/640,029 priority patent/US20040038122A1/en
Publication of JP2004087260A publication Critical patent/JP2004087260A/en
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Publication of JP4211322B2 publication Critical patent/JP4211322B2/en
Priority to US12/791,641 priority patent/US20100239902A1/en
Priority to US12/824,763 priority patent/US8426060B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0463—Cells or batteries with horizontal or inclined electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/534—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the material of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/548—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on opposite sides of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H01M50/557—Plate-shaped terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/562—Terminals characterised by the material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
    • Y10T29/4911—Electric battery cell making including sealing

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reliable layer built cell for avoiding a problem that electrical short-circuiting occurs between a metal film in a metal compound film used for the outer package of a battery and a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab or a positive electrode lead and a negative electrode lead in advance, and to provide a battery pack using the layer built cell, a battery module, and an electric automobile. <P>SOLUTION: A thickness T1 in a junction section 5a in the positive electrode tab 5 where the plurality of positive electrode leads 4 are joined is made larger than a thickness T2 in other part of the positive electrode tab 5. The thickness of the junction of the negative electrode tab where the plurality of negative electrode leads are joined is made larger than the thickness of other part of the negative electrode tab, thus increasing a heat capacity at the junction where heat is concentrated at the energization of a large current, and avoiding an increase in the temperatures of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、正極板と負極板とをセパレータを介して交互に複数層積層して発電要素を構成し、この発電要素の各正極板及び負極板を、それぞれ複数の正極リード及び負極リードを介して正極タブ及び負極タブに接続した構造の積層型電池、及びこの積層型電池を用いた組電池、電池モジュール、並びに電気自動車に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近年、自動車の排ガスによる大気汚染が世界的な問題となっている中で、電気を動力源とする電気自動車やエンジンとモータを組み合わせて走行するハイブリッドカーが注目を集めており、これらに搭載する高エネルギー密度、高出力密度となる高出力型電池の開発が産業上重要な位置を占めている。
【０００３】
このような高出力型電池としては、例えばリチウムイオン電池があり、なかでも平板状の正極板と負極板とをセパレータを介在させつつ複数層積層した積層型電池がある。
【０００４】
この積層型電池としては、例えば特開２０００−２００５８５号公報に開示されるように、金属フィルムと高分子フィルムとを積層してなるラミネートフィルム（本明細書においては、金属複合フィルムと称する。）を電池外装として用いたものが提案されている。この積層型電池は、正極板、負極板及びセパレータ等で構成した発電要素を電解質と共に金属複合フィルムよりなる電池外装にて密封し、発電要素の正極板に接続された正極タブと負極板に接続された負極タブとを電池外装の端縁から外部に引き出した構造とされている。
【０００５】
以上のような構造の積層型電池は、電池外装として金属缶を用いたものに比べて、軽量化や薄型化が容易であるといった利点を有している。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、以上のような構造の積層型電池では、発電要素の各正極板はそれぞれ正極リードを介して正極タブに接続され、各負極板はそれぞれ負極リードを介して負極タブに接続されているのが一般的である。すなわち、このような積層型電池において、正極タブは、その一端側が電池外装の外部に引き出されていると共に、電池外装の内部に配置されている他端側に、積層電極の各正極板からの複数の正極リードが接合されている。また、負極タブは、その一端側が電池外装の外部に引き出されていると共に、電池外装の内部に配置されている他端側に、積層電極の各負極板からの複数の負極リードが接合されている。
【０００７】
したがって、このような積層型電池においては、大電流通電時に発生する熱が正極タブ及び負極タブの他端側に集中する傾向にあり、これら正極タブ及び負極タブの他端側の温度が大幅に上昇する場合がある。そして、正極タブ及び負極タブの他端側の温度が過剰に上昇した場合には、これら正極タブ及び負極タブからの発熱によって、電池外装を構成する金属複合フィルムの高分子フィルムが融解して金属フィルムが露出し、この金属フィルムと正極タブや負極タブ、或いは正極リードや負極リードとの間で電気的短絡が生じてしまうことも想定される。
【０００８】
本発明は、以上のような従来の実情に鑑みて創案されたものであって、電池外装に用いる金属複合フィルムの金属フィルムと、正極タブや負極タブ、或いは正極リードや負極リードとの間で電気的短絡が生じるといった問題を未然に回避して、信頼性の高い積層型電池を提供し、また、このような積層型電池を用いた組電池、電池モジュール、並びに電気自動車を提供することを目的としている。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる目的を達成すべく創案された本発明は、正極板と負極板とがセパレータを介して交互に複数層積層されてなる発電要素を有し、この発電要素の各正極板と各負極板とが、複数の正極リード及び負極リードを介して正極タブ及び負極タブにそれぞれ接続されると共に、発電要素と電解質とが金属複合フィルムよりなる電池外装にて密封されてなる積層型電池において、正極タブにおける複数の正極リードが接合される部分の熱容量、及び負極タブにおける複数の負極リードが接合される部分の熱容量を、正極タブ及び負極タブにおける他の部分の熱容量よりも大きくした。
【００１０】
また、正極板と負極板とがセパレータを介して交互に複数層積層されてなる発電要素を有し、この発電要素の各正極板と各負極板とが、複数の正極リード及び負極リードを介して正極タブ及び負極タブにそれぞれ接続されると共に、発電要素と電解質とが金属複合フィルムよりなる電池外装にて密封されてなる積層型電池において、正極タブにおける複数の正極リードが接合された部分、及び負極タブにおける複数の負極リードが接合された部分に、電気的絶縁性を有する絶縁テープを貼付した。
【００１１】
また、以上のような構成の積層型電池を単電池とし、この単電池、又はこの単電池が複数個電気的に並列に接続されてなる電池群を、複数個電気的に直列に接続して組電池を構成するようにした。
【００１２】
また、以上のような組電池を複数個電気的に接続し、これら電気的に接続された複数個の組電池をモジュールケースに収納して電池モジュールを構成するようにした。
【００１３】
また、駆動輪を駆動する駆動モータの電源として、以上のような電池モジュールを用いて電気自動車を構成するようにした。
【００１４】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係る積層型電池によれば、正極タブにおける複数の正極リードが接合される部分の熱容量、及び負極タブにおける複数の負極リードが接合される部分の熱容量が大きくされているので、大電流通電時においても、正極タブ及び負極タブの温度上昇を有効に抑制することができる。したがって、この積層型電池では、これら正極タブや負極タブの過剰な温度上昇によって、電池外装を構成する金属複合フィルムの高分子フィルムが融解して金属フィルムが露出し、この金属フィルムと正極タブや負極タブ、或いは正極リードや負極リードとの間で電気的短絡が生じてしまうといった問題を未然に回避することができる。
【００１５】
また、本発明に係る他の積層型電池によれば、正極タブにおける複数の正極リードが接合された部分、及び負極タブにおける複数の負極リードが接合された部分に電気的絶縁性を有する絶縁テープが貼付されることによって、仮に、電池外装を構成する金属複合フィルムの高分子フィルムが融解して金属フィルムが露出した場合でも、この金属フィルムと正極タブや負極タブ、或いは正極リードや負極リードとの間で電気的短絡が生じてしまうといった問題を未然に回避することができる。
【００１６】
また、このような積層型電池を用いた組電池や電池モジュールは高い信頼性が実現されて大電流通電にも耐え得るので、様々な用途に用いることができ、この電池モジュールを搭載した電気自動車は高い走行性能を発揮することができる。
【００１７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
【００１８】
（第１の実施形態）
本発明を適用した積層型電池の一例を図１乃至図３に示す。図１は本例の積層型電池１の平面図、図２は図１におけるＡ−Ａ線断面図、図３は図２におけるＢ部を拡大して示す断面図である。
【００１９】
本例の積層型電池１は、図１及び図２に示すように、発電要素として積層電極２を備え、この積層電極２が、電池外装３を構成する１対の金属複合フィルム３ａ，３ｂの中央部間に配置されて、これら１対の金属複合フィルム３ａ，３ｂによって厚み方向に挟み込むようにして、電解質と共に密封された構造となっている。
【００２０】
発電要素としての積層電極２は、図２に示すように、複数枚の正極板２Ａ及び負極板２Ｂがセパレータ２Ｃを介在しつつ順次積層されてなるものである。この積層電極２を構成する各正極板２Ａは、正極リード４を介して一方の電極端子としての正極タブ５に接続されている。また、積層電極２を構成する各負極板２Ｂは、負極リード６を介して他方の電極端子としての負極タブ７に接続されている。
【００２１】
前記正極リード４及び負極リード６はそれぞれ金属箔で形成されている。具体的には、例えば、正極リード４はアルミニウム箔より形成され、負極リード６は銅箔より形成される。そして、積層電極２の各正極板２Ａより引き出された正極リード４が重ね合わされて、溶接等の手法により正極タブ５に接合され、また、各負極板２Ｂより引き出された負極リード６が重ね合わされて、溶接等の手法により負極タブ７に接合されている。
【００２２】
前記正極タブ５及び負極タブ７はそれぞれ金属板で形成されている。具体的には、例えば、正極タブ５はアルミニウム板より形成され、負極タブ７はニッケル板より形成される。そして、これら正極タブ５及び負極タブ７は、その一端側が電池外装３の外部に引き出されて、それぞれ正極端子及び負極端子とされていると共に、電池外装３の内部に配置される他端側に、積層電極２の各正極板２Ａより引き出された複数の正極リード４及び積層電極２の各負極板２Ｂより引き出された複数の負極リード６がそれぞれ重ね合わされて接合されている。
【００２３】
また、特に本例の積層型電池１においては、図３に示すように、複数の正極リード４が重ね合わされて接合される正極タブ５の他端側（以下、接合部５ａという。）の厚みＴ１が、正極タブ５の他の部分の厚みＴ２よりも大きくされている。また、同様に、複数の負極リード６が重ね合わされて接合される負極タブ７の他端側（以下、接合部７ａという。）の厚みが、負極タブ７の他の部分の厚みよりも大きくされている。そして、これら正極タブ５の接合部５ａ及び負極タブ７の接合部７ａの厚みを大きくすることで、これら接合部５ａ，７ａにおける熱容量を増大させ、大電流通電時においても、正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の温度上昇を有効に抑制できるようになっている。
【００２４】
すなわち、大電流通電時には、複数の正極リード４が重ね合わされて接合されている正極タブ５の接合部５ａや、複数の負極リード６が重ね合わされて接合されている負極タブ７の接合部７ａに熱が集中して、正極タブ５や負極タブ７の温度が上昇しやすくなる。しかしながら、本例の積層型電池１においては、これら正極タブ５や負極タブ７の接合部５ａ，７ａの厚みが他の部分の厚みよりも大きくされて、これら接合部５ａ，７ａにおける熱容量の増大が図られているので、正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の温度上昇を有効に抑制することができる。
【００２５】
なお、正極タブ５や負極タブ７の接合部５ａ，７ａの厚みを他の部分よりも大きくする方法は特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、これら正極タブ５や負極タブ７となる金属板の成形時にその一部が厚くなるように成形して、この厚く成形された部分を接合部５ａ，７ａとするようにしてもよいし、平板状の金属板の一部に金属ペーストを塗布してその部分の厚みを大きくし、この部分を接合部５ａ，７ａとするようにしてもよい。
【００２６】
電池外装３を構成する一対の金属複合フィルム３ａ，３ｂは、図３に示すように、例えば、アルミニウム等よりなる金属層８を基材とし、この金属層８の内側にＰＥ（ポリエチレン）又はＰＰ（ポリプロピレン）等よりなる高分子樹脂層９がコーティングされ、かつ前記金属層８の外側にナイロン保護層（図示せず）が接着されてなる。これら一対の金属複合フィルム３ａ，３ｂのうちの一方の金属複合フィルム３ａは、その中央部に積層電極２を収納する凹部１０が設けられたカップ状とされ、他方の金属複合フィルム３ｂは、前記凹部１０の開口部を覆うように平坦状とされている。
【００２７】
そして、積層型電池１を作製する際には、一方の金属複合フィルム３ａに設けられた凹部１０内に積層電極２を電解質と共に収納した状態で、この凹部１０を覆うように平坦状の他方の金属複合フィルム３ｂを配置して、これら一対の金属複合フィルム３ａ，３ｂの外周部を熱融着する。これにより、積層電極２が電解質と共に電池外装３によって密封された構造とされる。
【００２８】
以上のように構成される積層型電池１では、上述したように、大電流通電時に熱が集中しやすい正極タブ５の接合部５ａや負極タブ７の接合部７ａにおける熱容量の増大が図られ、正極タブ５や負極タブ７の温度上昇が抑制されるようになっているので、大電流通電にも耐え得る高い信頼性が確保される。すなわち、本例の積層型電池１では、電池外装３として金属複合フィルム３ａ，３ｂを用いているため、正極タブ５や負極タブ７の温度が過剰に上昇すると、これら正極タブ５や負極タブ７からの発熱によって、金属複合フィルム３ａ，３ｂの高分子樹脂層９が融解して金属層８が露出し、この金属層８と正極タブ５や負極タブ７、或いは正極リード４や負極リード６との間で電気的短絡が生じてしまうことも想定される。
【００２９】
しかしながら、本例の積層型電池１では、正極タブ５の接合部５ａや負極タブ７の接合部７ａの厚みを他の部分の厚みよりも大きくすることによってこの部分の熱容量を増大させ、正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の過剰な温度上昇を有効に抑制するようにしているので、以上のような問題を未然に回避して、高い信頼性を確保することができる。
【００３０】
なお、正極タブ５や負極タブ７の温度上昇を抑制する方法としては、これら正極タブ５や負極タブ７の全体の厚みを大きくすることも考えられるが、この場合、これら正極タブ５や負極タブ７が外部に引き出される電池外装３の端部におけるシール性の確保が困難となり、耐久性の低下につながる場合がある。これに対して、本例の積層型電池１では、正極タブ５や負極タブ７の最も熱が集中する部分である接合部５ａ，７ａの厚みのみを大きくすることで、これら正極タブ５や負極タブ７の温度上昇の抑制を図るようにしているので、電池外装３の端部におけるシール性を良好に保ちながら上述した電気的短絡の問題も未然に回避して、耐久性の確保と信頼性の確保の両立を図ることができる。
【００３１】
以上のような本例の積層型電池１は、例えばリチウムイオン二次電池としての適用が可能である。この場合、積層電極２の正極板２Ａを形成している正極の正極活物質として、リチウムニッケル複合酸化物、具体的には一般式ＬｉＮｉ１−ｘＭｘＯ２（但し、０．０１≦ｘ≦０．５であり、ＭはＦｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ａｌ，Ｓｎ，Ｂ，Ｇａ，Ｃｒ，Ｖ，Ｔｉ，Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｓｒの少なくとも一つである。）で表せる化合物を含有する。
【００３２】
また、正極はリチウムニッケル複合酸化物以外の正極活物質を含有することも可能である。リチウムニッケル複合酸化物以外の正極活物質としては、例えば一般式ＬｉｙＭｎ２−ｚＭ’ｚＯ４（但し、０．９≦ｙ≦１．２、０．０１≦ｚ≦０．５であり、Ｍ’はＦｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ａｌ，Ｓｎ，Ｂ，Ｇａ，Ｃｒ，Ｖ，Ｔｉ，Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｓｒの少なくとも一つである。）で表される化合物であるリチウムマンガン複合酸化物等が挙げられる。
【００３３】
また、一般式ＬｉＣｏ１−ｘＭｘＯ２（但し、０．０１≦ｘ≦０．５であり、ＭはＦｅ，Ｎｉ，Ｍｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ａｌ，Ｓｎ，Ｂ，Ｇａ，Ｃｒ，Ｖ，Ｔｉ，Ｍｇ，Ｃａ，Ｓｒの少なくとも一つである。）で表せる化合物を含有する。
【００３４】
リチウムニッケル複合酸化物、リチウムマンガン複合酸化物リチウムコバルト複合酸化物等は、例えばりチウム、ニッケル、マンガン、コバルト等の炭酸塩を組成に応じて混合し、酸素存在雰囲気中において６００〔℃〕〜１０００〔℃〕の温度範囲で焼成することにより得られる。なお、出発原料は炭酸塩に限定されず、水酸化物、酸化物、硝酸塩、有機酸塩等からも同様に合成可能である。
【００３５】
なお、リチウムニッケル複合酸化物やリチウムマンガン複合酸化物等の正極活物質の平均粒径は、３０μｍ以下であることが好ましい。
【００３６】
また、積層電極２の負極板２Ｂを形成している負極活物質としては、比表面積が０．０５〔ｍ２／ｇ〕以上、２〔ｍ２／ｇ〕以下の範囲であるものを使用する。負極活物質の比表面積が０．０５〔ｍ２／ｇ〕以上、２〔ｍ２／ｇ〕以下の範囲であることにより、負極表面上におけるＳＥＩ層の形成を十分に抑制することができる。
【００３７】
負極活物質の比表面積が０．０５〔ｍ２／ｇ〕未満である場合、リチウムの出入り可能な場所が小さすぎるため、充電時において負極活物質中にドープされたリチウムが放電時において負極活物質中から十分に脱ドープされず、充放電効率が低下する。一方、負極活物質の比表面積が２〔ｍ２／ｇ〕を越える場合、負極表面上におけるＳＥＩ層の形成を制御することが困難である。
【００３８】
具体的な負極活物質としては、対リチウム電位が２．０Ｖ以下の範囲でリチウムをドープ・脱ドープすることが可能な材料であれば何れも使用可能であり、具体的には難黒鉛化性炭素材料、人造黒鉛、天然黒鉛、熱分解黒鉛類、ピッチコークスやニードルコークスや石油コークス等のコークス類、グラファイト、ガラス状炭素類、フェノール樹脂やフラン樹脂等を適当な温度で焼成して炭化した有機高分子化合物焼成体、炭素繊維、活性炭、カーボンブラック等の炭素質材料を使用することが可能である。
【００３９】
また、リチウムと合金を形成可能な金属、およびその合金も使用可能であり、具体的には、酸化鉄、酸化ルテニウム、酸化モリブデン、酸化タングステン、酸化スズ等の比較的低電位でリチウムをドープ・脱ドープする酸化物やその窒化物、３Ｂ族典型元素の他、ＳｉやＳｎ等の元素、または例えばＭｘＳｉ、ＭｘＳｎ（但し、式中ＭはＳｉまたはＳｎを除く１つ以上の金属元素を表す。）で表されるＳｉやＳｎの合金等を使用することができる。これらの中でも、特にＳｉまたはＳｉ合金を使用することが好ましい。
【００４０】
さらに、電解質としては、電解質塩を非水溶媒に溶解して調製される液状のいわゆる電解液であってもよいし、電解質塩を非水溶媒に溶解した溶液を高分子マトリクス中に保持させたポリマーゲル電解質であってもよいし、電解質塩を高分子中に溶解させたポリマー電解質であってもよい。
【００４１】
非水電解質としてポリマーゲル電解質を用いる場合、使用する高分子材料としては、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリアクリロニトリル等が挙げられる。また、ポリマー電解質を用いる場合は、ポリエチレンオキシド（ＰＥＯ）系ポリマー等が挙げられる。
【００４２】
非水溶媒としては、この種の非水電解質二次電池においてこれまで使用されている非水溶媒であれば何でも使用可能であり、例えばプロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、１，２−ジメトキシエタン、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、テトラヒドロフラン、１，３−ジオキソラン、４−メチル−１，３−ジオキソラン、ジエチルエーテル、スルホラン、メチルスルホラン、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル等が挙げられる。なお、これらの非水溶媒は、１種類を単独で用いてもよいし、２種類以上を混合して用いてもよい。
【００４３】
特に、非水溶媒は不飽和カーボネートを含有することが好ましく、具体的には、ビニレンカーボネート、エチレンエチリデンカーボネート、エチレンイソプロプロピリデンカーボネート、プロピリデンカーボネート等を含有することが好ましい。また、これらの中でも、ビニレンカーボネートを含有することが最も好ましい。非水溶媒として不飽和カーボネートを含有することにより、負極活物質に生成するＳＥＩ層の性状に起因する効果が得られ、耐過放電特性がより向上すると考えられる。
【００４４】
また、この不飽和カーボネートは電解質中に０．０５重量％以上、５重量％以下の割合で含有されることが好ましく、０．５重量％以上、３重量％以下の割合で含有されることが最も好ましい。不飽和カーボネートの含有量を上記範囲とすることで、初期放電容量が高く、エネルギー密度の高い非水二次電池となる。
【００４５】
電解質塩としては、イオン伝導性を示すリチウム塩であれば特に限定されることはなく、例えばＬｉＣｌＯ４、ＬｉＡｓＦ６、ＬｉＰＦ６、ＬｉＢＦ４、ＬｉＢ（Ｃ６Ｈ５）４、ＬｉＣｌ、ＬｉＢｒ、ＣＨ３ＳＯ３Ｌｉ、ＣＦ３ＳＯ３Ｌｉ等が使用可能である。これらの電解質塩は、１種類を単独で用いてもよく、２種類以上を混合して用いることも可能である。
【００４６】
なお、以上は本発明の積層型電池１をリチウムイオン二次電池に適用した場合を例に挙げて具体的に説明したが、本発明はリチウムイオン二次電池に限らず、同様の構成となる他の電池に対しても有効に適用可能である。
【００４７】
（第２の実施形態）
次に、本発明を適用した積層型電池の他の例を図４を参照して説明する。図４は本例の積層型電池１１の要部を拡大して示す断面図である。
【００４８】
本例の積層型電池１１では、図４に示すように、正極タブ５が平板状に成形されており、この正極タブ５における複数の正極リード４が接合された接合部５ａに、吸熱材１２が設けられた構造となっている。また、図示を省略するが、負極タブ７も同様に平板状に成形されており、この負極タブ７における複数の負極リード６が接合された接合部６ａにも、吸熱材１２が設けられている。そして、これら正極タブ５の接合部５ａ及び負極タブ７の接合部７ａに吸熱材１２を設けることで、これら接合部５ａ，７ａにおける熱容量を増大させ、大電流通電時においても、正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の温度上昇を有効に抑制できるようにした点を特徴としている。なお、この積層型電池１１におけるその他の構成については、上述した第１の実施形態の積層型電池１と同様であるので、これら同様の部分については図４中で同一の符号を付して、重複した説明は省略する。
【００４９】
本例の積層型電池１１において、正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の接合部５ａ，７ａに設けられる吸熱材１２は、これら正極タブ５や負極タブ７よりも単位重量当たりの熱容量が大きい樹脂材料が塗布されてなるものである。この吸熱材１２に用いられる樹脂材料としては、例えばポリオレフィンが挙げられる。ポリオレフィンは樹脂材料の中でも単位重量当たりの熱容量が大きく、本例の積層型電池１１における吸熱材１２として好適である。
【００５０】
本例の積層型電池１１における吸熱材１２としてポリオレフィンを用いる場合、このポリオレフィンを単体で、複数の正極リード４が接合された正極タブ５の接合部５ａ上及び複数の負極リード６が接合された負極タブ７の接合部７ａ上に塗布して吸熱材１２としてもよいが、ポリオレフィンに他の物質を含有させて複合材とし、この複合材を正極タブ５の接合部５ａ上及び負極タブ７の接合部７ａ上に塗布して吸熱材１２としてもよい。
【００５１】
具体的には、例えば、ポリオレフィンに金属粒子やセラミック粒子を分散混入して複合材とし、この複合材を、複数の正極リード４が接合された正極タブ５の接合部５ａ上及び複数の負極リード６が接合された負極タブ７の接合部７ａ上に塗布して吸熱材１２としてもよい。金属粒子やセラミック粒子は熱容量が極めて大きいので、このような金属粒子やセラミック粒子をポリオレフィンに分散混入した複合材を吸熱材１２を構成する樹脂材料として用いた場合には、正極タブ５の接合部５ａ及び負極タブ７の接合部７ａにおける熱容量を更に増大させることができる。
【００５２】
また、例えば、ポリオレフィンに、相変化により熱を吸収する相変化材料を微少粒子或いは微少カプセルとして分散混入して複合材とし、この複合材を、複数の正極リード４が接合された正極タブ５の接合部５ａ上及び複数の負極リード６が接合された負極タブ７の接合部７ａ上に塗布して吸熱材１２としてもよい。相変化材料は、温度上昇に伴って相変化が生じたときに吸熱作用を発揮するので、このような相変化材料を微少粒子或いは微少カプセルとしてポリオレフィンに分散混入した複合材を吸熱材１２を構成する樹脂材料として用いた場合には、正極タブ５の接合部５ａ及び負極タブ７の接合部７ａにおける熱容量を更に増大させることができる。なお、相変化材料の微少カプセル化は、例えば、気中懸濁被覆法によって固相の相変化材料に適当な微粒子をコーティングして被膜を形成する方法等、既知の方法で行えばよい。
【００５３】
以上のように構成される積層型電池１１では、上述したように、大電流通電時に熱が集中しやすい正極タブ５の接合部５ａや負極タブ７の接合部７ａに吸熱材１２が設けられ、これら接合部５ａ，７ａにおける熱容量の増大が図られて、正極タブ５や負極タブ７の温度上昇が抑制されるようになっているので、上述した第１の実施形態の積層型電池１１と同様に、大電流通電にも耐え得る高い信頼性を実現することができる。
【００５４】
また、本例の積層型電池１１では、正極タブ５や負極タブ７と比べて単位重量当たりの熱容量が大きい樹脂材料が正極タブ５の接合部５ａ上及び負極タブ７の接合部７ａ上に塗布されて吸熱材１２とされているので、積層型電池１１全体の軽量化を図る上で有利である。
【００５５】
（第３の実施形態）
次に、本発明を適用した積層型電池の他の例を図５を参照して説明する。図５は本例の積層型電池１３の要部を拡大して示す断面図である。
【００５６】
本例の積層型電池１３では、図５に示すように、正極タブ５における複数の正極リード４が接合された接合部５ａ上及びその近傍に、電気的絶縁性を有する絶縁テープ１４が貼付された構造となっている。また、図示を省略するが、負極タブ７における複数の負極リード６が接合された接合部６ａ上及びその近傍にも、絶縁テープ１４が貼付されている。そして、これら正極タブ５の接合部５ａ上及び負極タブ７の接合部７ａ上に絶縁テープ１４を貼付することで、仮に、正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の温度上昇に起因して電池外装３を構成する金属複合フィルム３ａの高分子樹脂層９が融解して金属層８が露出した場合でも、この金属層８と正極タブ５や負極タブ７、或いは正極リード４や負極リード６との間を絶縁テープ１４によって絶縁し、これらの間で電気的短絡が生じてしまう問題を未然に回避できるようにした点を特徴としている。なお、この積層型電池１３におけるその他の構成については、上述した第１の実施形態の積層型電池１及び第２の実施形態の積層型電池１１と同様であるので、これら同様の部分については図５中で同一の符号を付して、重複した説明は省略する。
【００５７】
本例の積層型電池１３において、絶縁テープ１４としては、良好な電気的絶縁性が得られるものであればどのようなものを用いてもよく、例えばカプトンテープ等が好適に用いられる。この種の絶縁テープ１４は取り扱い性に優れており、必要な箇所に貼付するのみでその部分での電気的絶縁が図られるので、本例の積層型電池１３では、このような絶縁テープ１４を正極タブ５の接合部５ａ上及び負極タブ７の接合部７ａ上に貼付する構造とすることで、当該積層型電池１３の作製時における作業を煩雑なものとすることなく、金属複合フィルム３ａの金属層８が露出した場合の対策を簡便に講じることができる。
【００５８】
なお、本例の積層型電池１３は、上述した第１の実施形態の積層型電池１や第２の実施形態の積層型電池１１と組み合わせたかたちで実現してもよい。すなわち、正極タブ５や負極タブ７の接合部５ａ，７ａの厚みを他の部分よりも大きくした上で、更にこの正極タブ５や負極タブ７の接合部５ａ，７ａ上に絶縁テープ１４を貼付するようにしてもよいし、また、正極タブ５や負極タブ７の接合部５ａ，７ａ上に吸熱材１２を設け、更にこの吸熱材１２上に絶縁テープ１４を貼付するようにしてもよい。この場合には、正極タブ５や負極タブ７の温度上昇に起因する電気的短絡をより確実に防止して、信頼性の更なる向上を実現することができる。
【００５９】
（第４の実施形態）
次に、本発明を適用した積層型電池を用いて構成される組電池について、図６及び図７を参照して説明する。図６は本発明を適用した積層型電池（上述した積層型電池１又は積層型電池１１又は積層型電池１３）を単電池２０とし、複数の単電池２０を電気的に直列接続して構成した組電池２１の模式図であり、図７は複数の単電池２０を電気的に並列接続して単電池群２２とし、複数の単電池群２２を電気的に直列接続して構成した組電池２３の模式図である。
【００６０】
図６に示す組電池２１は、複数の単電池２０がその厚み方向に重ね合わされ一体化されてなる。これら組電池２１を構成する各単電池２０は、隣接する単電池２０同士で正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の向きが交互に互い違いとなるように重ね合わされる。そして、厚み方向の両側にそれぞれ他の単電池２０が重ね合わされている単電池２０に注目したときに、この単電池２０の正極タブ５が、例えば超音波溶着等の手法によって、隣接する一方の単電池２０の負極タブ７に接合され、負極タブ７が、隣接する他方の単電池２０の正極タブ５に接合される。このようにして、全ての単電池２０の正極タブ５及び負極タブ７をそれぞれ隣接する単電池２０の負極タブ７、正極タブ５に接合することによって、各単電池２０が電気的に直列接続された一体の組電池２１が構成される。
【００６１】
また、図７に示す組電池２３は、複数の単電池２０が電気的に並列接続されてなる単電池群２２を組み合わせて構成されるものである。この組電池２３を構成する単電池群２２は、複数の単電池２０を、隣接する単電池２０同士で正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の向きが同じになるように重ね合わせ、これらの単電池２０の正極タブ５同士及び負極タブ７同士を超音波溶着等の手法により接続することで、これら単電池２０が電気的に並列接続されてなる。そして、このような複数の単電池２０の集合である単電池群２２は、隣接する単電池群２２同士で正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の向きが交互に互い違いとなるように重ね合わされ、厚み方向の両側にそれぞれ他の単電池群２２が重ね合わされている単電池群２２に注目したときに、この単電池群２２の正極タブ５が隣接する一方の単電池群２２の負極タブ７に接続され、負極タブ７が、隣接する他方の単電池群２２の正極タブ５に接続される。このようにして、全ての単電池群２２の正極タブ５及び負極タブ７をそれぞれ隣接する単電池群２２の負極タブ７、正極タブ５に接続することによって、各単電池群２２が電気的に直列接続された一体の組電池２３が構成される。
【００６２】
なお、以上のような組電池２１，２３を構成する単電池２０の数は任意であり、当該組電池２１，２３の用途に応じて適宜設定すればよい。
【００６３】
以上のように構成される組電池２１，２３では、複数の単電池２０がコンパクトに一体化されているので、単位体積当たりのエネルギー効率が高く、様々な用途に適用することが可能である。特に、これら組電池２１，２３を構成する各単電池２０として、正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の温度上昇が抑制された積層型電池１，１１、或いは正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の接合部上に絶縁テープが貼付された積層型電池１３が用いられ、各単電池２０毎に大電流通電に耐え得る信頼性が確保されているので、例えば電気自動車等のように高い出力が要求される用途において好適である。
【００６４】
（第５の実施形態）
次に、以上のような組電池２１，２３を用いて構成される電池モジュールの一例について、図８を参照して説明する。図８は図７に示した組電池２３を複数個電気的に直列接続した構成の電池モジュール３０を示す模式図である。なお、電池モジュール３０を構成する組電池としては、図６に示した構造の組電池２１を用いるようにしてもよく、また、複数の組電池の接続形態は直列接続に限らず、並列接続や、並列−直列接続、直列−並列接続等、どのような形態であってもよい。また、この電池モジュール３０を構成する組電池の数も任意であり、当該電池モジュール３０の用途に応じて適宜設定すればよい。
【００６５】
本例の電池モジュール３０は、箱状のモジュールケース３１を備えており、このモジュールケース３１内に複数の組電池２３が電気的に直列接続された状態で収納された構造となっている。モジュールケース３１内に収納された各組電池２３は、それぞれの端子（集合された正極タブ５や集合された負極タブ７）がバスバー３２を介して隣接する組電池２３の端子に接続されている。そして、これら複数の組電池２３のうちで最も外側に配置された組電池２３の端子が、リード線３３を介して、モジュールケース３１の外部に設けられた外部端子３４に接続されている。
【００６６】
以上のように構成される電池モジュール３０では、単位体積当たりのエネルギー効率が高い複数の組電池２３がモジュールケース３１内に収納されて一体化されているので、高出力且つコンパクトで、取り扱い性に優れている。特に、モジュールケース３１内に収納された各組電池２３を構成する各単電池２０として、正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の温度上昇が抑制された積層型電池１，１１、或いは正極タブ５及び負極タブ７の接合部上に絶縁テープが貼付された積層型電池１３が用いられ、各単電池２０毎に大電流通電に耐え得る信頼性が確保されているので、例えば電気自動車等のように高い出力が要求される用途において好適である。
【００６７】
（第６の実施形態）
次に、以上のような電池モジュール３０を搭載した電気自動車の一例について、図９を参照して説明する。図９は本例の電気自動車４０の駆動系を概略的に示したブロック図である。
【００６８】
本例の電気自動車４０は、図９に示すように、駆動輪４１を駆動する駆動モータ４２の電源として、上述した電池モジュール３０が用いられている。この電池モジュール３０は、充電装置４３によって充電されるようになっており、必要に応じて所定の電力を電力変換装置４４を介して駆動モータ４１に供給する。また、この電池モジュール３０には、駆動モータ４２の回生制動によって生じる回生電力が充電される。
【００６９】
この電池モジュール３０の充放電は、車両制御装置４５によって制御される。すなわち、車両制御装置４５は、アクセルセンサ４６やブレーキセンサ４７、車速センサ４８等の各種センサからの出力をもとに駆動モータ４２に要求される電力量を算出し、これに基づいて電池モジュール３０から駆動モータ４２への電力供給を制御する。また、車両制御装置４５は、電池モジュール３０の充電状態を監視して、この電池モジュール３０の充電状態が適正な状態に保たれるように、充電装置４３からの充電を制御する。
【００７０】
以上のように構成される電気自動車４０は、駆動輪４１を駆動する駆動モータ４２の電源として、高出力且つコンパクトで取り扱い性に優れた電池モジュール３０が用いられており、特に、このモジュール３０内の各組電池を構成する各単電池として、正極タブ及び負極タブの温度上昇が抑制された積層型電池、或いは正極タブ及び負極タブの接合部上に絶縁テープが貼付された積層型電池が用いられ、各単電池毎に大電流通電に耐え得る信頼性が確保されて高い出力が得られるようになっているので、高い走行性能を発揮することができる。
【００７１】
なお、以上は、駆動モータ４２による駆動で走行する電気自動車４０を例示して説明したが、本発明は、エンジンと駆動モータとを組み合わせて走行する所謂ハイブリッドカーに対しても有効に適用可能であり、ハイブリッドカーに本発明を適用した場合にも、駆動モータの電源として上述したような電池モジュール３０が用いられる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明を適用した積層型電池の一例を示す平面図である。
【図２】図１におけるＡ−Ａ線断面図である。
【図３】図２におけるＢ部を拡大して示す断面図である。
【図４】本発明を適用した積層型電池の他例の要部を拡大して示す断面図である。
【図５】本発明を適用した積層型電池の更に他例の要部を拡大して示す断面図である。
【図６】本発明を適用した組電池の一例を示す側面図である。
【図７】本発明を適用した組電池の他の例を示す側面図である。
【図８】本発明を適用した電池モジュールを模式的に示す平面図である。
【図９】本発明を適用した電気自動車の駆動系を概略的に示すブロック図である。
【符号の説明】
１　積層型電池
２　積層電極（発電要素）
２Ａ　正極板
２Ｂ　負極板
２Ｃ　セパレータ
３　電池外装
３ａ，３ｂ　金属複合フィルム
４　正極リード
５　正極タブ
５ａ　接合部
６　負極リード
７　負極タブ
７ａ　接合部
１１　積層型電池
１２　吸熱材（樹脂材料）
１３　積層型電池
１４　絶縁テープ
２０　単電池
２１　組電池
２２　単電池群
２３　組電池
３０　電池モジュール
３１　モジュールケース
４０　電気自動車
４１　駆動輪
４２　駆動モータ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention forms a power generating element by alternately laminating a plurality of positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates via a separator, and forms each positive electrode plate and negative electrode plate of this power generating element through a plurality of positive electrode leads and negative electrode leads, respectively. The present invention relates to a stacked battery having a structure connected to a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab, and an assembled battery, a battery module, and an electric vehicle using the stacked battery.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, air pollution by automobile exhaust gas has become a global problem, and electric cars powered by electricity and hybrid cars that run with a combination of an engine and a motor have attracted attention and are installed in these. The development of high power type batteries having high energy density and high power density has an important industrial position.
[0003]
Such a high-output battery is, for example, a lithium-ion battery, among which a stacked battery in which a plurality of flat-plate positive and negative plates are stacked with a separator interposed therebetween.
[0004]
As this laminated battery, for example, as disclosed in JP-A-2000-200555, a laminated film formed by laminating a metal film and a polymer film (hereinafter, referred to as a metal composite film). Is used as a battery exterior. In this stacked battery, a power generation element composed of a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, and the like is sealed with a battery exterior made of a metal composite film together with an electrolyte, and connected to a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode plate connected to the positive electrode plate of the power generation element. The drawn negative electrode tab is drawn out from the edge of the battery exterior to the outside.
[0005]
The stacked battery having the above-described structure has an advantage that it can be easily reduced in weight and thickness compared to a battery using a metal can as a battery exterior.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the stacked battery having the above structure, each positive electrode plate of the power generating element is connected to the positive electrode tab via the positive electrode lead, and each negative electrode plate is connected to the negative electrode tab via the negative electrode lead. Is common. That is, in such a stacked battery, the positive electrode tab has one end side drawn out of the battery exterior, and the other end arranged inside the battery exterior, and has a positive electrode tab from each positive electrode plate of the laminated electrode. A plurality of positive electrode leads are joined. Also, the negative electrode tab has one end side drawn out of the battery exterior, and a plurality of negative electrode leads from each negative electrode plate of the laminated electrode joined to the other end arranged inside the battery exterior. I have.
[0007]
Therefore, in such a stacked battery, the heat generated when a large current is applied tends to concentrate on the other end of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab, and the temperature of the other end of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab significantly increases. May rise. If the temperature at the other end of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab rises excessively, the heat generated from the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab causes the polymer film of the metal composite film that forms the battery exterior to melt, and It is also assumed that the film is exposed and an electrical short circuit occurs between the metal film and the positive electrode tab, the negative electrode tab, or the positive electrode lead or the negative electrode lead.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional circumstances, and a metal film of a metal composite film used for a battery exterior and a positive electrode tab or a negative electrode tab, or a positive electrode lead or a negative electrode lead. An object of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable stacked battery by avoiding the problem that an electrical short circuit occurs, and to provide an assembled battery, a battery module, and an electric vehicle using such a stacked battery. The purpose is.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention, which has been devised to achieve such an object, has a power generating element in which a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate are alternately laminated in a plurality of layers with a separator interposed therebetween. Are connected to the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab via a plurality of positive electrode leads and negative electrode leads, respectively, and the power generation element and the electrolyte are sealed with a battery outer package made of a metal composite film. The heat capacity of the portion where the plurality of positive electrode leads are joined and the heat capacity of the portion where the plurality of negative electrode leads are joined in the negative electrode tab are larger than the heat capacities of the other portions of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab.
[0010]
In addition, the power generating element includes a power generating element in which a plurality of positive electrode plates and negative electrode plates are alternately stacked with a separator interposed therebetween, and each positive electrode plate and each negative electrode plate of the power generating element are connected via a plurality of positive electrode leads and negative electrode leads. Connected to the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab, respectively, in a stacked battery in which the power generation element and the electrolyte are sealed with a battery exterior made of a metal composite film, a portion where a plurality of positive electrode leads in the positive electrode tab are joined, An insulating tape having electrical insulation was attached to a portion of the negative electrode tab where the plurality of negative electrode leads were joined.
[0011]
Further, the stacked battery having the above-described configuration is referred to as a unit cell, and the unit cell, or a battery group including a plurality of the unit cells electrically connected in parallel, is electrically connected in series to a plurality of units. An assembled battery was configured.
[0012]
Also, a plurality of such assembled batteries are electrically connected, and the plurality of electrically connected batteries are housed in a module case to constitute a battery module.
[0013]
In addition, an electric vehicle is configured using the above-described battery module as a power source of a drive motor that drives the drive wheels.
[0014]
【The invention's effect】
According to the stacked battery of the present invention, the heat capacity of the portion of the positive electrode tab to which the plurality of positive electrode leads are joined and the heat capacity of the portion of the negative electrode tab to which the plurality of negative electrode leads are joined are increased. Even during energization, the temperature rise of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be effectively suppressed. Therefore, in this stacked battery, the polymer film of the metal composite film constituting the battery exterior is melted and the metal film is exposed due to the excessive temperature rise of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab, and the metal film and the positive electrode tab or The problem that an electrical short circuit occurs between the negative electrode tab or the positive electrode lead or the negative electrode lead can be avoided beforehand.
[0015]
Further, according to another stacked battery according to the present invention, an insulating tape having electrical insulation properties at a portion where a plurality of positive electrode leads are joined at a positive electrode tab and at a portion where a plurality of negative electrode leads are joined at a negative electrode tab. By being affixed, even if the polymer film of the metal composite film constituting the battery exterior is melted and the metal film is exposed, this metal film and the positive electrode tab or the negative electrode tab, or the positive electrode lead or the negative electrode lead A problem that an electrical short circuit occurs between them can be avoided beforehand.
[0016]
In addition, the assembled battery and the battery module using such a stacked battery achieve high reliability and can withstand a large current flow, so that they can be used for various applications, and electric vehicles equipped with this battery module Can exhibit high running performance.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0018]
(1st Embodiment)
FIGS. 1 to 3 show an example of a stacked battery to which the present invention is applied. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the stacked battery 1 of the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion B in FIG.
[0019]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the stacked battery 1 of the present embodiment includes a stacked electrode 2 as a power generation element, and the stacked electrode 2 is formed of a pair of metal composite films 3 a and 3 b constituting a battery exterior 3. It is arranged between the central portions and is sandwiched in the thickness direction by the pair of metal composite films 3a and 3b, so that the structure is sealed together with the electrolyte.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 2, the laminated electrode 2 as a power generating element is formed by sequentially laminating a plurality of positive plates 2A and negative plates 2B with a separator 2C interposed therebetween. Each positive electrode plate 2A constituting the laminated electrode 2 is connected via a positive electrode lead 4 to a positive electrode tab 5 as one electrode terminal. Each negative electrode plate 2B constituting the laminated electrode 2 is connected via a negative electrode lead 6 to a negative electrode tab 7 as the other electrode terminal.
[0021]
The positive electrode lead 4 and the negative electrode lead 6 are each formed of a metal foil. Specifically, for example, the positive electrode lead 4 is formed from an aluminum foil, and the negative electrode lead 6 is formed from a copper foil. Then, the positive electrode leads 4 drawn from each positive electrode plate 2A of the laminated electrode 2 are overlapped and joined to the positive electrode tab 5 by a method such as welding, and the negative electrode lead 6 drawn from each negative electrode plate 2B is overlapped. And is joined to the negative electrode tab 7 by a method such as welding.
[0022]
The positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 are each formed of a metal plate. Specifically, for example, the positive electrode tab 5 is formed from an aluminum plate, and the negative electrode tab 7 is formed from a nickel plate. Each of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 has one end pulled out to the outside of the battery exterior 3 to serve as a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal, respectively, and has the other end arranged inside the battery exterior 3. A plurality of positive leads 4 drawn from each positive electrode plate 2A of the laminated electrode 2 and a plurality of negative leads 6 drawn from each negative electrode plate 2B of the laminated electrode 2 are overlapped and joined.
[0023]
In particular, in the stacked battery 1 of this example, as shown in FIG. 3, the thickness of the other end side (hereinafter, referred to as a joint portion 5a) of the positive electrode tab 5 to which the plurality of positive electrode leads 4 are overlapped and joined. T1 is larger than the thickness T2 of the other portion of the positive electrode tab 5. Similarly, the thickness of the other end of the negative electrode tab 7 (hereinafter, referred to as a joint 7 a) to which the plurality of negative electrode leads 6 are overlapped and joined is made larger than the thickness of the other portion of the negative electrode tab 7. ing. By increasing the thickness of the joint 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the thickness of the joint 7a of the negative electrode tab 7, the heat capacity of these joints 5a, 7a is increased. The temperature rise of the tub 7 can be effectively suppressed.
[0024]
That is, when a large current is applied, the bonding portion 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 in which the plurality of positive electrode leads 4 are overlapped and bonded, or the bonding portion 7a of the negative electrode tab 7 in which the plurality of negative electrode leads 6 are stacked and bonded. The heat is concentrated, and the temperatures of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 tend to increase. However, in the stacked battery 1 of the present embodiment, the thickness of the joints 5a, 7a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 is made larger than the thickness of the other parts, and the heat capacity at these joints 5a, 7a increases. Therefore, the temperature rise of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 can be effectively suppressed.
[0025]
The method of increasing the thickness of the joining portions 5a, 7a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 is not particularly limited. At the time of molding, the part may be formed so as to be thicker, and the thicker part may be used as the joints 5a and 7a, or a metal paste may be applied to a part of a flat metal plate. The thickness of that portion may be increased, and this portion may be used as the joints 5a and 7a.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 3, the pair of metal composite films 3 a and 3 b constituting the battery exterior 3 has a metal layer 8 made of, for example, aluminum as a base material, and PE (polyethylene) or PP is provided inside the metal layer 8. A high-molecular resin layer 9 made of (polypropylene) or the like is coated, and a nylon protective layer (not shown) is bonded to the outside of the metal layer 8. One metal composite film 3a of the pair of metal composite films 3a and 3b has a cup shape provided with a concave portion 10 for accommodating the laminated electrode 2 in the center thereof, and the other metal composite film 3b is It is flat so as to cover the opening of the recess 10.
[0027]
Then, when manufacturing the stacked battery 1, the stacked electrode 2 is housed together with the electrolyte in the recess 10 provided in the one metal composite film 3 a, and the other flat-shaped electrode is covered so as to cover the recess 10. The metal composite film 3b is arranged, and the outer peripheral portions of the pair of metal composite films 3a and 3b are thermally fused. Thereby, the laminated electrode 2 is sealed together with the electrolyte by the battery outer casing 3.
[0028]
In the stacked battery 1 configured as described above, as described above, the heat capacity at the junction 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the junction 7a of the negative electrode tab 7 where heat tends to concentrate when a large current is applied is increased, Since the temperature rise of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 is suppressed, high reliability that can withstand a large current flow is secured. That is, in the stacked battery 1 of this example, since the metal composite films 3a and 3b are used as the battery casing 3, if the temperature of the positive electrode tab 5 or the negative electrode tab 7 excessively increases, the positive electrode tab 5 or the negative electrode tab 7 As a result, the polymer resin layer 9 of the metal composite films 3a and 3b melts to expose the metal layer 8, and the metal layer 8 and the positive electrode tab 5, the negative electrode tab 7, or the positive electrode lead 4, the negative electrode lead 6, It is also assumed that an electrical short circuit occurs between them.
[0029]
However, in the stacked battery 1 of the present example, the heat capacity of this portion is increased by making the thickness of the joining portion 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the joining portion 7a of the negative electrode tab 7 larger than the thickness of the other portions. Since the excessive temperature rise of the negative electrode 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 is effectively suppressed, the above problems can be avoided beforehand, and high reliability can be secured.
[0030]
As a method of suppressing the temperature rise of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7, it is conceivable to increase the overall thickness of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7. In this case, however, In some cases, it is difficult to ensure the sealing performance at the end of the battery case 3 from which the battery 7 is drawn out, which may lead to a decrease in durability. On the other hand, in the stacked battery 1 of this example, by increasing only the thickness of the joining portions 5a and 7a, which are the portions of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 where heat is most concentrated, the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 are increased. Since the temperature rise of the tab 7 is suppressed, the above-mentioned problem of the electric short circuit is avoided beforehand while the sealing property at the end of the battery casing 3 is kept good, and the durability and reliability are ensured. Can be achieved at the same time.
[0031]
The stacked battery 1 of the present embodiment as described above can be applied, for example, as a lithium ion secondary battery. In this case, as the positive electrode active material of the positive electrode forming the positive electrode plate 2A of the laminated electrode 2, a lithium nickel composite oxide, specifically, a general formula LiNi1-xMxO2 (provided that 0.01 ≦ x ≦ 0.5 And M is at least one of Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, B, Ga, Cr, V, Ti, Mg, Ca, and Sr).
[0032]
The positive electrode can also contain a positive electrode active material other than the lithium nickel composite oxide. As the positive electrode active material other than the lithium nickel composite oxide, for example, a general formula LiyMn2-zM'zO4 (where 0.9≤y≤1.2, 0.01≤z≤0.5, and M 'is Fe , Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, B, Ga, Cr, V, Ti, Mg, Ca, Sr). No.
[0033]
Also, a general formula LiCo1-xMxO2 (where 0.01 ≦ x ≦ 0.5, and M is Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, B, Ga, Cr, V, Ti, Mg, At least one of Ca and Sr).
[0034]
Lithium-nickel composite oxide, lithium-manganese composite oxide, lithium-cobalt composite oxide, and the like are mixed with carbonates such as lithium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt according to the composition, and are mixed at 600 ° C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. It is obtained by baking in a temperature range of 1000 [° C.]. The starting materials are not limited to carbonates, and can be synthesized from hydroxides, oxides, nitrates, organic acid salts, and the like.
[0035]
The average particle size of the positive electrode active material such as a lithium nickel composite oxide and a lithium manganese composite oxide is preferably 30 μm or less.
[0036]
As the negative electrode active material forming the negative electrode plate 2B of the laminated electrode 2, one having a specific surface area of 0.05 [m 2 / g] or more and 2 [m 2 / g] or less is used. . When the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material is in the range of 0.05 [m 2 / g] or more and 2 [m 2 / g] or less, formation of the SEI layer on the negative electrode surface can be sufficiently suppressed.
[0037]
When the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material is less than 0.05 [m 2 / g], the place where lithium can enter and exit is too small, so that the lithium doped in the negative electrode active material during charging is charged with the negative electrode active during discharging. The material is not sufficiently dedoped from the material, and the charge / discharge efficiency is reduced. On the other hand, when the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material exceeds 2 [m 2 / g], it is difficult to control the formation of the SEI layer on the negative electrode surface.
[0038]
As a specific negative electrode active material, any material can be used as long as it is capable of doping and undoping lithium with a potential with respect to lithium of 2.0 V or less. Carbon materials, artificial graphite, natural graphite, pyrolytic graphite, coke such as pitch coke, needle coke, petroleum coke, graphite, glassy carbon, phenolic resin, furan resin, etc. were calcined at appropriate temperature and carbonized. It is possible to use a carbonaceous material such as a fired organic polymer compound, carbon fiber, activated carbon, and carbon black.
[0039]
In addition, a metal capable of forming an alloy with lithium and an alloy thereof can also be used. Specifically, lithium is doped with lithium at a relatively low potential such as iron oxide, ruthenium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, and tin oxide. In addition to oxides and nitrides thereof to be dedoped, nitrides thereof, and group 3B typical elements, elements such as Si and Sn, or MxSi and MxSn (where M represents one or more metal elements excluding Si or Sn). ) Can be used. Among these, it is particularly preferable to use Si or a Si alloy.
[0040]
Further, the electrolyte may be a liquid so-called electrolyte prepared by dissolving an electrolyte salt in a non-aqueous solvent, or a solution in which the electrolyte salt is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent is held in a polymer matrix. It may be a polymer gel electrolyte or a polymer electrolyte in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in a polymer.
[0041]
When a polymer gel electrolyte is used as the non-aqueous electrolyte, the polymer material to be used includes polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, and the like. When a polymer electrolyte is used, a polyethylene oxide (PEO) -based polymer or the like can be used.
[0042]
As the non-aqueous solvent, any non-aqueous solvent that has been used in this type of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be used, such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, and diethyl carbonate. Dimethyl carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolan, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan, diethyl ether, sulfolane, methylsulfolane, acetonitrile, propionitrile and the like. One of these non-aqueous solvents may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
[0043]
In particular, the non-aqueous solvent preferably contains an unsaturated carbonate, and specifically, preferably contains vinylene carbonate, ethyleneethylidene carbonate, ethyleneisopropylidene carbonate, propylidene carbonate, and the like. Among them, it is most preferable to contain vinylene carbonate. By containing unsaturated carbonate as the non-aqueous solvent, it is considered that an effect due to the properties of the SEI layer generated in the negative electrode active material is obtained, and the overdischarge resistance is further improved.
[0044]
Further, the unsaturated carbonate is preferably contained in the electrolyte at a ratio of 0.05% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less, and more preferably at a ratio of 0.5% by weight or more and 3% by weight or less. Most preferred. By setting the content of the unsaturated carbonate in the above range, a non-aqueous secondary battery having a high initial discharge capacity and a high energy density can be obtained.
[0045]
The electrolyte salt is not particularly limited as long as it is a lithium salt having ion conductivity. For example, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiPF6, LiBF4, LiB (C6H5) 4, LiCl, LiBr, CH3SO3Li, CF3SO3Li, etc. can be used. is there. One of these electrolyte salts may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
[0046]
Although the above has specifically described the case where the stacked battery 1 of the present invention is applied to a lithium ion secondary battery as an example, the present invention is not limited to a lithium ion secondary battery and has a similar configuration. The present invention can be effectively applied to other batteries.
[0047]
(Second embodiment)
Next, another example of the stacked battery to which the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of the stacked battery 11 of this example.
[0048]
In the stacked battery 11 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the positive electrode tab 5 is formed in a flat plate shape, and the heat absorbing material 12 is attached to the joining portion 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 where the plurality of positive electrode leads 4 are joined. Is provided. Although not shown, the negative electrode tab 7 is similarly formed in a flat plate shape, and the endothermic material 12 is also provided at a joint 6a of the negative electrode tab 7 where a plurality of negative electrode leads 6 are joined. . By providing the heat absorbing material 12 at the joining portion 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the joining portion 7a of the negative electrode tab 7, the heat capacity of the joining portions 5a and 7a is increased, and even when a large current is applied, the positive electrode tab 5 and the It is characterized in that the temperature rise of the negative electrode tab 7 can be effectively suppressed. The other configuration of the stacked battery 11 is the same as that of the stacked battery 1 of the above-described first embodiment, and thus, the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals in FIG. Duplicate description is omitted.
[0049]
In the stacked battery 11 of the present example, the heat absorbing material 12 provided at the joints 5 a and 7 a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 is a resin material having a larger heat capacity per unit weight than the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7. It is one that is applied. Examples of the resin material used for the heat absorbing material 12 include polyolefin. Polyolefin has a large heat capacity per unit weight among resin materials, and is suitable as the heat absorbing material 12 in the stacked battery 11 of this example.
[0050]
When a polyolefin is used as the heat absorbing material 12 in the stacked battery 11 of the present example, the polyolefin is used alone to join the joining portion 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 to which the plurality of positive electrode leads 4 are joined and the plurality of negative electrode leads 6. The heat-absorbing material 12 may be applied by applying it on the joining portion 7a of the negative electrode tab 7, or a polyolefin may be mixed with another substance to form a composite material. The heat-absorbing material 12 may be applied to the joint 7a.
[0051]
Specifically, for example, metal particles or ceramic particles are dispersed and mixed into polyolefin to form a composite material, and this composite material is formed on the joining portion 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 to which the plural positive electrode leads 4 are joined and the plural negative electrode leads. The heat absorbing material 12 may be applied to a joint 7 a of the negative electrode tab 7 to which the negative electrode 6 is joined. Since the heat capacity of metal particles and ceramic particles is extremely large, when a composite material in which such metal particles and ceramic particles are dispersed and mixed in polyolefin is used as a resin material constituting the heat absorbing material 12, the joint portion of the positive electrode tab 5 is formed. The heat capacity at the junction 7a between the negative electrode 5a and the negative electrode tab 7 can be further increased.
[0052]
Also, for example, a phase change material that absorbs heat by phase change is dispersed and mixed as fine particles or micro capsules into a polyolefin to form a composite material, and this composite material is used for the positive electrode tab 5 to which a plurality of positive electrode leads 4 are joined. The heat absorbing material 12 may be applied to the joint 5 a and the joint 7 a of the negative electrode tab 7 to which the plurality of negative electrode leads 6 are joined. Since the phase change material exhibits an endothermic effect when a phase change occurs with a rise in temperature, a composite material in which such a phase change material is dispersed and mixed in polyolefin as fine particles or microcapsules constitutes the heat absorbing material 12. When used as a resin material, the heat capacity at the joint 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the joint 7a of the negative electrode tab 7 can be further increased. The microcapsulation of the phase change material may be performed by a known method such as a method of coating a solid phase change material with appropriate fine particles by an air suspension coating method to form a film.
[0053]
In the stacked battery 11 configured as described above, as described above, the endothermic material 12 is provided at the joining portion 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the joining portion 7a of the negative electrode tab 7 where heat tends to concentrate when a large current flows. Since the heat capacity of the joints 5a and 7a is increased and the temperature rise of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 is suppressed, the same as in the above-described stacked battery 11 of the first embodiment. In addition, high reliability that can withstand a large current flow can be realized.
[0054]
Further, in the stacked battery 11 of this example, a resin material having a larger heat capacity per unit weight than the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 is applied on the joint 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the joint 7a of the negative electrode tab 7. Since the heat absorbing material 12 is used, it is advantageous in reducing the weight of the entire stacked battery 11.
[0055]
(Third embodiment)
Next, another example of the stacked battery to which the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of the stacked battery 13 of this example.
[0056]
In the stacked battery 13 of this example, as shown in FIG. 5, an insulating tape 14 having electrical insulating properties is attached on and near a joint portion 5 a of the positive electrode tab 5 to which the plurality of positive electrode leads 4 are joined. Structure. Further, although not shown, an insulating tape 14 is also attached on and near a joint 6a of the negative electrode tab 7 where the plurality of negative electrode leads 6 are joined. Then, by attaching the insulating tape 14 on the joining portion 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the joining portion 7a of the negative electrode tab 7, the battery exterior 3 is temporarily supposed to be generated due to the temperature rise of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7. Even when the polymer resin layer 9 of the constituent metal composite film 3a is melted and the metal layer 8 is exposed, the gap between the metal layer 8 and the positive electrode tab 5, the negative electrode tab 7, or the positive electrode lead 4 or the negative electrode lead 6 is maintained. It is characterized in that it is insulated by the insulating tape 14 so that a problem that an electrical short circuit occurs between them can be avoided beforehand. Other configurations of the stacked battery 13 are the same as those of the stacked battery 1 of the first embodiment and the stacked battery 11 of the second embodiment described above. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description is omitted.
[0057]
In the stacked battery 13 of this example, any material may be used as the insulating tape 14 as long as good electrical insulation can be obtained. For example, a Kapton tape is preferably used. This type of insulating tape 14 is excellent in handleability, and electrical insulation can be achieved only at a necessary portion by sticking it to a necessary portion. By adopting a structure in which the metal composite film 3a is attached to the joining portion 5a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the joining portion 7a of the negative electrode tab 7, the operation at the time of manufacturing the stacked battery 13 is not complicated. Countermeasures when the metal layer 8 is exposed can be easily taken.
[0058]
Note that the stacked battery 13 of this example may be realized in combination with the stacked battery 1 of the first embodiment or the stacked battery 11 of the second embodiment. That is, after the thickness of the joining portions 5a, 7a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 is made larger than other portions, the insulating tape 14 is further adhered on the joining portions 5a, 7a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7. Alternatively, the heat absorbing material 12 may be provided on the joining portions 5a, 7a of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7, and the insulating tape 14 may be attached on the heat absorbing material 12. In this case, it is possible to more reliably prevent an electrical short circuit caused by a rise in the temperature of the positive electrode tab 5 or the negative electrode tab 7, and to further improve the reliability.
[0059]
(Fourth embodiment)
Next, an assembled battery configured using the stacked battery to which the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG. 6 shows a configuration in which the stacked battery (the stacked battery 1 or the stacked battery 11 or the stacked battery 13 described above) to which the present invention is applied is a single battery 20 and a plurality of the single batteries 20 are electrically connected in series. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an assembled battery 21, and FIG. 7 is an assembled battery 23 formed by electrically connecting a plurality of cells 20 in parallel to form a cell group 22 and electrically connecting the plurality of cell groups 22 in series. FIG.
[0060]
The assembled battery 21 shown in FIG. 6 includes a plurality of unit cells 20 stacked in a thickness direction and integrated. The unit cells 20 constituting the assembled battery 21 are stacked so that the directions of the positive electrode tabs 5 and the negative electrode tabs 7 are alternately alternated between adjacent unit cells 20. When attention is paid to the unit cell 20 in which another unit cell 20 is overlapped on both sides in the thickness direction, the positive electrode tab 5 of the unit cell 20 is connected to one of the adjacent ones by a method such as ultrasonic welding. The negative electrode tab 7 is joined to the negative electrode tab 7 of the unit cell 20, and the negative electrode tab 7 is joined to the positive electrode tab 5 of the other adjacent unit cell 20. In this manner, by joining the positive electrode tabs 5 and the negative electrode tabs 7 of all the cells 20 to the negative electrode tabs 7 and the positive electrode tabs 5 of the adjacent cells 20, respectively, the cells 20 are electrically connected in series. Thus, an integrated battery 21 is formed.
[0061]
Further, the assembled battery 23 shown in FIG. 7 is configured by combining a unit cell group 22 in which a plurality of unit cells 20 are electrically connected in parallel. The unit cell group 22 constituting the assembled battery 23 includes a plurality of unit cells 20 stacked such that the directions of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 are the same between adjacent unit cells 20. The unit cells 20 are electrically connected in parallel by connecting the positive electrode tabs 5 and the negative electrode tabs 7 by a method such as ultrasonic welding. The unit cell group 22, which is an aggregate of the plurality of unit cells 20, is overlapped so that the directions of the positive electrode tabs 5 and the negative electrode tabs 7 are alternately alternated between the adjacent unit cell groups 22 and the thickness direction. When attention is paid to a unit cell group 22 in which another unit cell group 22 is overlapped on both sides of the unit cell group 22, the positive electrode tab 5 of this unit cell group 22 is connected to the negative electrode tab 7 of one adjacent unit cell group 22. , The negative electrode tab 7 is connected to the positive electrode tab 5 of the other adjacent unit cell group 22. Thus, by connecting the positive electrode tabs 5 and the negative electrode tabs 7 of all the cell groups 22 to the negative electrode tabs 7 and the positive electrode tabs 5 of the adjacent cell groups 22, respectively, each cell group 22 is electrically connected. An integrated battery 23 connected in series is configured.
[0062]
The number of the cells 20 constituting the assembled batteries 21 and 23 as described above is arbitrary, and may be appropriately set according to the use of the assembled batteries 21 and 23.
[0063]
In the assembled batteries 21 and 23 configured as described above, since the plurality of unit cells 20 are compactly integrated, the energy efficiency per unit volume is high, and the battery can be applied to various uses. In particular, as each of the cells 20 constituting the assembled batteries 21 and 23, the stacked batteries 1 and 11 in which the temperature rise of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 are suppressed, or the junction of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 Battery 13 with an insulating tape attached thereto, and the reliability that can withstand a large current flow is ensured for each unit cell 20, so that a high output is required, such as an electric vehicle. It is suitable for.
[0064]
(Fifth embodiment)
Next, an example of a battery module configured using the battery packs 21 and 23 described above will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a battery module 30 having a configuration in which a plurality of the assembled batteries 23 shown in FIG. 7 are electrically connected in series. In addition, as the assembled battery constituting the battery module 30, the assembled battery 21 having the structure shown in FIG. 6 may be used, and the connection form of the plurality of assembled batteries is not limited to series connection, , Parallel-series connection, series-parallel connection, and the like. Further, the number of assembled batteries constituting the battery module 30 is also arbitrary, and may be appropriately set according to the use of the battery module 30.
[0065]
The battery module 30 of the present embodiment includes a box-shaped module case 31, and has a structure in which a plurality of assembled batteries 23 are housed in the module case 31 in a state of being electrically connected in series. In each battery pack 23 accommodated in the module case 31, each terminal (the assembled positive electrode tab 5 and the assembled negative electrode tab 7) is connected to the terminal of the adjacent assembled battery 23 via the bus bar 32. . The terminal of the outermost battery pack 23 among the plurality of battery packs 23 is connected to an external terminal 34 provided outside the module case 31 via a lead wire 33.
[0066]
In the battery module 30 configured as described above, since the plurality of assembled batteries 23 having high energy efficiency per unit volume are housed and integrated in the module case 31, high output, compactness, and easy handling are achieved. Are better. In particular, as the cells 20 constituting each battery pack 23 housed in the module case 31, the stacked batteries 1 and 11 in which the temperature rise of the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode tab 7 are suppressed, or the positive electrode tab 5 and the negative electrode Since a stacked battery 13 in which an insulating tape is stuck on the joining portion of the tab 7 is used, and reliability that can withstand a large current flow is secured for each unit cell 20, it is as high as an electric vehicle, for example. It is suitable for applications requiring output.
[0067]
(Sixth embodiment)
Next, an example of an electric vehicle equipped with the above-described battery module 30 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a block diagram schematically showing a drive system of the electric vehicle 40 of the present example.
[0068]
As shown in FIG. 9, the electric vehicle 40 of the present embodiment uses the above-described battery module 30 as a power source of a drive motor 42 that drives a drive wheel 41. The battery module 30 is charged by a charging device 43, and supplies predetermined power to a drive motor 41 via a power conversion device 44 as necessary. The battery module 30 is charged with regenerative electric power generated by regenerative braking of the drive motor 42.
[0069]
The charging and discharging of the battery module 30 is controlled by the vehicle control device 45. That is, the vehicle control device 45 calculates the amount of electric power required for the drive motor 42 based on outputs from various sensors such as an accelerator sensor 46, a brake sensor 47, and a vehicle speed sensor 48, and based on the calculated amount, To control the power supply to the drive motor 42. Further, the vehicle control device 45 monitors the state of charge of the battery module 30 and controls charging from the charging device 43 so that the state of charge of the battery module 30 is maintained in an appropriate state.
[0070]
In the electric vehicle 40 configured as described above, a battery module 30 having high output, compactness, and excellent handleability is used as a power source of a drive motor 42 for driving a drive wheel 41. As each cell constituting each assembled battery of the above, a laminated battery in which the temperature rise of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab is suppressed, or a laminated battery in which an insulating tape is stuck on the junction of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab is used. In addition, since the reliability that can withstand the large current flow is secured for each cell and a high output is obtained, high running performance can be exhibited.
[0071]
Although the electric vehicle 40 driven by the drive motor 42 has been described above as an example, the present invention can be effectively applied to a so-called hybrid car driven by a combination of an engine and a drive motor. In addition, even when the present invention is applied to a hybrid car, the above-described battery module 30 is used as a power source of a drive motor.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of a stacked battery to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view showing a portion B in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of another example of a stacked battery to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part of still another example of the stacked battery to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 6 is a side view showing an example of an assembled battery to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 7 is a side view showing another example of the assembled battery to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 8 is a plan view schematically showing a battery module to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram schematically showing a drive system of an electric vehicle to which the present invention is applied.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Stacked battery 2 Stacked electrode (power generation element)
2A Positive electrode plate 2B Negative electrode plate 2C Separator 3 Battery exterior 3a, 3b Metal composite film 4 Positive lead 5 Positive tab 5a Joint 6 Negative lead 7 Negative tab 7a Joint 11 Stacked battery 12 Heat absorbing material (resin material)
13 Stacked Battery 14 Insulating Tape 20 Cell 21 Battery 22 Battery Group 23 Battery 30 Battery Module 31 Module Case 40 Electric Vehicle 41 Drive Wheel 42 Drive Motor

Claims (10)

正極板と負極板とがセパレータを介して交互に複数層積層されてなる発電要素を有し、この発電要素の各正極板と各負極板とが、複数の正極リード及び負極リードを介して正極タブ及び負極タブにそれぞれ接続されると共に、前記発電要素と電解質とが金属複合フィルムよりなる電池外装にて密封されてなる積層型電池において、
前記正極タブにおける前記複数の正極リードが接合される部分の熱容量、及び前記負極タブにおける前記複数の負極リードが接合される部分の熱容量を、前記正極タブ及び前記負極タブにおける他の部分の熱容量よりも大きくしたことを特徴とする積層型電池。A positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate have a power generating element in which a plurality of layers are alternately stacked with a separator interposed therebetween, and each positive electrode plate and each negative electrode plate of the power generating element have a positive electrode through a plurality of positive electrode leads and a plurality of negative electrode leads. The stacked battery is connected to the tab and the negative electrode tab, respectively, and the power generation element and the electrolyte are hermetically sealed by a battery outer package made of a metal composite film,
The heat capacity of the portion of the positive electrode tab where the plurality of positive electrode leads are joined, and the heat capacity of the portion of the negative electrode tab where the plurality of negative electrode leads are joined are calculated from the heat capacities of the other portions of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab. A stacked battery characterized by having a larger size. 前記正極タブにおける前記複数の正極リードが接合される部分の厚み、及び前記負極タブにおける前記複数の負極リードが接合される部分の厚みを、前記正極タブ及び前記負極タブにおける他の部分の厚みよりも大きくして熱容量を増大させたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の積層型電池。The thickness of the portion of the positive electrode tab to which the plurality of positive electrode leads are joined, and the thickness of the portion of the negative electrode tab to which the plurality of negative electrode leads are joined, are greater than the thickness of other portions of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab. The stacked battery according to claim 1, wherein the heat capacity is increased by increasing the heat capacity. 前記正極タブにおける前記複数の正極リードが接合された部分、及び前記負極タブにおける前記複数の負極リードが接合された部分に、前記正極タブ及び前記負極タブよりも単位重量当たりの熱容量が大きい樹脂材料を塗布することで熱容量を増大させたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の積層型電池。A resin material having a larger heat capacity per unit weight than the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab, at the portion where the plurality of positive electrode leads are joined at the positive electrode tab, and at the portion where the plurality of negative electrode leads are joined at the negative electrode tab. 2. The stacked battery according to claim 1, wherein the heat capacity is increased by applying the compound. 前記樹脂材料が、少なくともポリオレフィンを含むことを特徴とする請求項３に記載の積層型電池。4. The stacked battery according to claim 3, wherein the resin material contains at least a polyolefin. 前記樹脂材料が、ポリオレフィンに金属粒子或いはセラミックス粒子が分散混入されてなる複合材よりなることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の積層型電池。5. The stacked battery according to claim 4, wherein the resin material is made of a composite material in which metal particles or ceramic particles are dispersed and mixed in polyolefin. 前記樹脂材料が、ポリオレフィンに、相変化により熱を吸収する相変化材料が微少粒子或いは微少カプセルとして分散混入されてなる複合材よりなることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の積層型電池。5. The stacked battery according to claim 4, wherein the resin material is a composite material in which a phase change material that absorbs heat by phase change is dispersed and mixed as fine particles or fine capsules in polyolefin. 正極板と負極板とがセパレータを介して交互に複数層積層されてなる発電要素を有し、この発電要素の各正極板と各負極板とが、複数の正極リード及び負極リードを介して正極タブ及び負極タブにそれぞれ接続されると共に、前記発電要素と電解質とが金属複合フィルムよりなる電池外装にて密封されてなる積層型電池において、
前記正極タブにおける前記複数の正極リードが接合された部分、及び前記負極タブにおける前記複数の負極リードが接合された部分に、電気的絶縁性を有する絶縁テープを貼付したことを特徴とする積層型電池。A positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate have a power generating element in which a plurality of layers are alternately stacked with a separator interposed therebetween, and each positive electrode plate and each negative electrode plate of the power generating element have a positive electrode through a plurality of positive electrode leads and a plurality of negative electrode leads. The stacked battery is connected to the tab and the negative electrode tab, respectively, and the power generation element and the electrolyte are hermetically sealed by a battery outer package made of a metal composite film,
A laminated type, wherein an insulating tape having electrical insulation properties is attached to a portion of the positive electrode tab where the plurality of positive electrode leads are joined, and a portion of the negative electrode tab where the plurality of negative electrode leads are joined. battery. 請求項１乃至７の何れかに記載の積層型電池を単電池とし、この単電池、又はこの単電池が複数個電気的に並列に接続されてなる単電池群が、複数個電気的に直列に接続されてなることを特徴とする組電池。The stacked battery according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the unit cell is a single cell, and a plurality of the single cells or a plurality of single cells connected in parallel are electrically connected in series. A battery pack characterized in that it is connected to a battery. 請求項８に記載の組電池が複数個電気的に接続され、これら電気的に接続された複数個の組電池がモジュールケースに収納されてなることを特徴とする電池モジュール。A battery module comprising: a plurality of the assembled batteries according to claim 8 electrically connected to each other; and the plurality of electrically connected batteries assembled in a module case. 請求項９に記載の電池モジュールが、駆動輪を駆動する駆動モータの電源として用いられていることを特徴とする電気自動車。An electric vehicle, wherein the battery module according to claim 9 is used as a power source of a drive motor that drives a drive wheel.
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US20040038122A1 (en) 2004-02-26
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US20100263201A1 (en) 2010-10-21
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