JP2004047332A - Design method of square secondary battery - Google Patents

Design method of square secondary battery Download PDF

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JP2004047332A
JP2004047332A JP2002204562A JP2002204562A JP2004047332A JP 2004047332 A JP2004047332 A JP 2004047332A JP 2002204562 A JP2002204562 A JP 2002204562A JP 2002204562 A JP2002204562 A JP 2002204562A JP 2004047332 A JP2004047332 A JP 2004047332A
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electrode body
flat
battery
sheet
secondary battery
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JP4313992B2 (en
Inventor
Ko Nozaki
野崎 耕
鈴木 哲
Manabu Yamada
山田 学
Satoru Suzuki
鈴木 覚
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Denso Corp
Toyota Motor Corp
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Denso Corp
Toyota Motor Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve durability performance of a battery by adjusting a face pressure of a plane part by comprehending a generating situation of the face pressure due to a shape of an electrode body, and by carrying out a design in consideration of a shape factor (width H, laminated layer height T, depth W) of the electrode body. <P>SOLUTION: A square secondary battery 1 is provided with a flat electrode body 10 formed by laminating a positive electrode sheet 12, a negative electrode sheet 14, and an insulating sheet 16, and with a square container 20 housing the flat electrode body 10. This is designed so that the width (H), the laminated layer height (T) and the depth (W) of the flat electrode body 10 as well as a clearance between a flat face of that flat electrode body 10 and the inner wall of the square shape container 20 satisfy the relation of WHC/T≤50 when T, W, and C are measured by the unit of mm. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、偏平な角型二次電池の設計方法に関するものであり、特に、好ましい寸法を選択する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】角型二次電池は、正極シートと絶縁シートと負極シートと絶縁シートの組を多層に積層した偏平電極体を、角型容器内に収容して構成される。一般に、偏平電極体を角型容器に収容して電解液を含浸させると偏平電極体が積層高さ方向に膨張する。また充電すると偏平電極体が膨張する。
角型容器の場合、一対の偏平面の中央部では両者間の距離が広がり易いのに対し、辺ないし角に近い部分では広がりにくい。このために、偏平電極体が膨張すると、角型容器によって、偏平面の中央部では弱く圧縮され、辺に近い部分では強く圧縮されがちである。
圧縮力が弱い部分では電極体の内部抵抗が増加しがちであり、その結果、圧縮力が強い部分に偏って電池反応が進行することがある。電池反応が偏って進行すると、電池性能が短時間で低下しやすい。例えば、充電完了後の電池容量が、充放電サイクルを繰返すことによって急速に低下してしまう。偏平電極体が均一に圧縮されて均一に電池反応が進行すると、充電完了後の電池容量が充放電サイクルを繰返すことによって低下していく速度を遅くすることができるのに対し、不均一に圧縮されると、電池反応が不均一に進行して充電完了後の電池容量が充放電サイクルを繰返すことによって急速に低下してしまう。
偏平電極体の寸法と角型容器の内寸の関係は、偏平電極体の圧縮状態に密接に関係するために電池性能を維持する上で極めて重要であり、正しく選択する必要がある。
【0003】
正極シートと絶縁シートと負極シートと絶縁シートの組を巻回して積層した偏平電極体が多用される。図1に、巻回された偏平電極体10を例示する。巻回された偏平電極体10の場合には、コーナー部(幅H方向の両端に位置する部分)では、シート群が積層高さT方向に向いて伸びており、積層高さT方向に膨張しづらい。一方、電極体の平坦面の中央部(幅H方向の中央付近に位置する部分)では比較的フリーな状態にある。この特性の差が、偏平電極体の圧縮状態を不均一にしやすく、電池性能の低下速度を早めやすい。
【0004】
偏平電極体の圧縮状態の均一化を図る技術が、特開2001−67821号公報に記載されている。この技術では、角型容器に偏平電極体を挿入した後に、角型容器の偏平面を内側へ押込んで凹んだ形状とする。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】特開2001−67821号公報に記載されているように、偏平電極体の偏平面と角型容器の内面との間のクリアランスを調整することによって、偏平電極体の圧縮状態の均一化を図ることができることがわかっていても、そのクリアランスをいくらにすればよいのかがわからない。クリアランスを大きくしすぎると、偏平電極体の圧縮状態の均一化が図られない。クリアランスを小さくしすぎても、偏平電極体の圧縮状態の均一化が図られない。さらには、角型容器が変形してしまうこともある。
現状では、新しい種類の電池を設計するたびに、多数回の実験を繰返して試行錯誤的に最適クリアランスを探索しており、最適クリアランスを探索するまでに多くの工数と時間を費やしている。
電池性能に密接に関係する偏平電極体の偏平面と角型容器の内壁との間の良好なクリアランス(C)の大きさを短時間に探索する技術が必要とされている。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段と作用】本発明では、偏平電極体を角型容器内に収容した角型二次電池の設計に際して、偏平電極体の偏平面と角型容器の内壁との間のクリアランス(C)の大きさを短時間で決定できる方法を創作した。
本発明者らの研究によって、電池の種類によって、偏平電極体の幅(H)と、奥行(W)と、積層高さ(T)が種々に変わっても、WHC/Tの値が基準値以下となるという条件下で偏平電極体の偏平面と角型容器の内壁との間のクリアランス(C)の大きさを選択すると、電池種類によらないで、良好な結果をもたらすクリアランスの大きさを選択できることが判明した。
【0007】
請求項1に係る角型二次電池の設計方法では、偏平電極体の幅(H)と、奥行(W)と、積層高さ(T)と、その偏平電極体の偏平面と角型容器の内壁との間のクリアランス(C)を、WHC/Tの値が基準値以下となるという条件下で選択する。即ち、図1(a)と図1(b)に例示するように、設計する角型二次電池に用いる偏平電極体10の幅(H)と奥行(W)と積層高さ(T)を求め、それから計算される{基準値×T/WH}の値よりも小さな範囲内で偏平電極体の偏平面と角型容器の内壁との間のクリアランス(C)の大きさを求めると、良好な結果をもたらすクリアランスを選択することができる。
本方法によると、最適クリアランス(C)を探索する範囲が絞り込まれるために、最適クリアランス(C)を探索するための実験数が少なくてすみ、短時間で最適クリアランス(C)を探索することができる。
【0008】
この角型二次電池の設計方法では、特定種類の角型二次電池について、又は、特定種類群の角型二次電池について、充放電を500サイクル繰返した後の容量維持率(R)が70%となるWHC/Tの値を予め求めておき、このWHC/Tの値を前記基準値に用いて、他の種類の角型二次電池の設計に資することが好ましい。
より具体的には、H、W、T、Cのそれぞれをmmの単位で測定したときの基準値をほぼ50として角型二次電池を設計することが好ましい。
上記の方法によると、最適クリアランス(C)を探索する範囲が明確に絞り込まれるために、最適クリアランス(C)を探索するための実験数が少なくてすみ、短時間で最適クリアランス(C)を探索することができる。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】この発明はまた、下記の形態で好適に実施される。
(形態1) 本発明の角型二次電池がリチウムイオン二次電池である。リチウムイオン二次電池では、電池反応の偏りに起因して電池性能が低下しやすいという問題がある。このため本発明の適用効果が大きい。
【0010】
(形態2) 偏平電極体の幅(H)は50〜100mmの範囲から選択し、奥行(W)は100〜150mmの範囲から選択し、積層高さ(T)は10〜40mmの範囲から選択し、偏平電極体の偏平面と角型容器の内壁との間のクリアランス(C)は−2〜+2mmの範囲から選択される。
この電池は、電池性能(容量等)や各種装置(車両等)への搭載性等の観点から実用性が高い。
【0011】
【実施例】以下、本発明を具現化した一実施例を説明する。なお下記の記載は例示であり、発明を説明するものでない。
図2は、実施例の設計方法で設計することができる二次電池を例示する斜視図であり、図3はその中央縦断面図である。図示するように、この二次電池1は、正極シートと絶縁シートと負極シートと絶縁シートの組が偏平状に巻回された偏平電極体10と、偏平電極体10を収容する偏平な角型容器20とを備える。
【0012】
まず、偏平電極体10の構成および作製方法を説明する。偏平電極体10を構成する正極シート12の巻回前の平面図を図4に示す。長尺状アルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体12aの両面に正極活物質を含有するペーストを塗布して、正極集電体12aの両面に正極活物質層12bが形成されている。ここで、正極シート12の一方の長辺には、いずれの面にも正極活物質層12bが形成されていない活物質未塗工部12cが設けられている。
【0013】
負極シート14の構造は正極シート12と同様であるので、この負極シート14についても図4を用いて説明する。図4において括弧内に記された符号は負極シート14に対応するものである。長尺状銅箔からなる負極集電体14aの両面に負極活物質を含有するペーストを塗布して、負極集電体14aの両面に負極活物質層14bが形成されている。負極シート14の一方の長辺には、いずれの面にも負極活物質層14bが形成されていない活物質未塗工部14cが設けられている。
【0014】
なお、偏平電極体10の製造に使用する正極活物質としては、LiMn、LiCoO、LiNiO等の従来のリチウムイオン二次電池に用いられる正極活物質の一種または二種以上を特に限定なく使用することができる。負極活物質としては、アモルファスカーボン、グラファイトカーボン等の従来のリチウムイオン二次電池に用いられる負極活物質の一種または二種以上を特に限定なく使用することができる。このような活物質を含有するペーストを調製するにあたっては、従来公知の結着剤、導電化剤、溶剤等を適宜使用することができる。これらペーストの集電体への塗布は、コンマコーター、ダイコーター等を用いて行うことができる。
【0015】
絶縁シート16としては多孔質ポリプロピレン樹脂シートを使用した。絶縁シート16の材質は、ポリプロピレン樹脂の他、ポリエチレン樹脂もしくはポリプロピレン樹脂とポリエチレン樹脂の混合物も用いることができる。この絶縁シート16の平面形状は、図4に示す正極シート12の正極活物質層12b、および負極シート14の負極活物質層14bが形成されている領域よりも幅、長さともに大きな形状とする。
図5に示すように、負極シート14と絶縁シート16と正極シート12と絶縁シート16を重ね合わせる。このとき、負極シート14の負極活性物質14bが塗布されている領域は、正極シート12の正極活性物質12bが塗布されている領域よりも幅、長さともに大きく、絶縁シート16は負極シート14の負極活性物質14bが塗布されている領域よりもさらに大きくなるようにしておく。ここで、正極シート12の活物質未塗工部12cと負極シート14の活物質未塗工部14cとが、絶縁シート16の一方の長辺および他方の長辺からそれぞれはみ出すように、両シート12,14を配置する。次いで、重ね合わせたシート12,16,14,16の組を巻回機等を用いて長辺方向に巻回する。この巻回体を径方向にプレスして、図1(a)に例示した横断面が偏平状の電極体10を作製する。ここで、偏平電極体10の幅(H)は50〜100mm、奥行(W)は100〜150mm、積層高さ(T)は10〜40mm、その電極体10の偏平面と角型容器の内壁との間のクリアランス(C)は−2〜+2mmの範囲で適当に組み合わせる。
なお、積層高さ(T)は、得られた偏平電極体10の厚さ方向に所定の(例えば1〜5kgf/cm(9.8×10〜4.9×10Pa)、ここでは3kgf/cm(2.94×10Pa)の)押圧力をかけた状態で測定した値を用いる。したがって、積層高さ(T)の測定時よりも大きな押圧力を偏平電極体10に加えながら角型容器20に収容した場合には、クリアランス(C)がマイナスの値となり得る。
【0016】
図2に示すように、角型容器20はアルミニウム製であって、有底四角筒状の電極体ケース22と、電極体ケース22の上端開口部を封止する蓋24とを備える。この容器20は6つ(3対)の平面部201〜206からなる直方体状である。平面部201と202、平面部203と204、平面部205と206(この平面部206は蓋24により形成されている)とはそれぞれ対向している。
図3に示すように、偏平電極体10は、その巻回中心(巻回軸)Gが横倒しとなるように容器20に収容されている。容器20の有する6つの平面部のうち最も面積の広い一対の平面部(最大平面部)201、202の内壁に、偏平電極体10の積層方向の両面(偏平面)が対面している。
この偏平電極体10には図示しない電解液が含浸されている。電解液としてはジエチルカーボネートとエチレンカーボネートとの7:3(体積比)混合溶媒に1mol/リットルのLiPFを溶解させたもの等を用いることができる。
偏平電極体10を構成する正極シート12は、活物質未塗工部を利用して、角型容器20から突出する正極端子26に接続されている。負極シート14は、活物質未塗工部を利用して、負極端子28に接続されている。
【0017】
上記構成を有するリチウムイオン二次電池であって、その各部の寸法(H,T,WおよびCのうち一または二以上)が異なる何種類かのものにつき、それらの最大面圧(電池の満充電時において、電極体の偏平面中央付近と容器内壁との間に生じた面圧をいう。)と容量維持率Rとの関係を検討した。その結果、図6に示す特性図が得られた。ここで容量維持率Rとは、初期の充電完了後の電池容量を100%として、充放電を500サイクル繰返した後での充電完了後の電池容量の比率を示すものであって、電池性能の低下速度の目安とすることができる。
【0018】
円筒型に巻回された電極体を円筒容器に収容した電池の場合、偏平巻電極体のコーナー部や平坦面に相当する部分がなく、電極体に加わる圧縮力を均一化しやすい傾向にある。円筒型電極体を用いた電池では、偏平電極体を用いた電池に比べて電池反応の偏りが起こり難い。円筒型電池の場合、充放電を500サイクル繰返した後における容量維持率はほぼ80%程度である。角型電池の場合、500サイクル後の容量維持率をほぼ70%以上(より好ましくは80%以上)とすることができれば、円筒型電池と同等程度に電池反応が均一化されていると言える。
【0019】
この結果によれば、図6に示すように、最大面圧と容量維持率との間には一義的な関係がみられる。すなわち、最大面圧を400gf/cm(3.92×10Pa)程度以上とすると500サイクル後の容積維持率が70%に達する。最大面圧が400gf/cm(3.92×10Pa)未満であると、500サイクル後の容積維持率が70%に満たないことがわかる。
【0020】
上記構成を有するリチウムイオン二次電池の寸法を様々に変えて実験した結果を表1に示す。偏平電極体の幅(H)と、奥行(W)と、積層高さ(T)と、偏平電極体の偏平面と角型容器の内壁とのクリアランス(C)は、mmの単位である。本発明者らの研究によって、WHC/Tの値が重要であるとの知見が得られたので、表1には、WHC/Tの値が整理されている。それぞれの電池に対して500回の充放電サイクルを繰返して行い、サイクル試験前の電池容量(満充電後の電池容量)を100とし、サイクル試験後の電池容量(満充電後の電池容量)の比を求めるという方法で、容量維持率(R)を測定した。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 2004047332
【0022】
図7には、式(WHC/T)により算出される形状係数(F)の値と、容量維持率(R)の関係がプロットされている。
実施例1〜4では、WHC/Tの値が50以下であり、WHC/Tの値が50以下であれば容量維持率(R)が70%以上となる。実施例1で用いた電池では87%という高い数値が得られた。一般に、容量維持率(R)が70%以上となれば、実用上十分な耐久性を有しているといえる。比較例1〜4では、WHC/Tの値が50以上であり、WHC/Tの値が50以上であれば容量維持率(R)が70%以下にしかならない。
式(WHC/T)により算出される形状係数(F)が50以下であれば、容量維持率(R)が70%以上となり、電池反応が均一化され、電池として優れた特性を有することがわかる。WHC/Tの値を指標とし、これが基準値以下となる条件で各寸法を決定すると、電池性能の低下速度が遅くて耐久性が長い電池を設計できることがわかる。
【0023】
これらの実験例ではリチウムイオン二次電池を用いたが、本発明はニッケル水素電池、ニッケルカドミウム電池等の他の種類の二次電池にも適用することができる。正極および負極の活物質、集電体および端子ならびに絶縁シート等の材質や電解液の組成等は、二次電池の種類に応じて適当に選択される。
【0024】
以上、本発明の具体例を詳細に説明したが、これらは例示にすぎず、特許請求の範囲を限定するものではない。特許請求の範囲に記載の技術には、以上に例示した具体例を様々に変形、変更したものが含まれる。例えば、偏平電極体を、カットされた電極シートを多層に積層して形成することもできる。
また、本明細書または図面に説明した技術要素は、単独であるいは各種の組み合わせによって技術的有用性を発揮するものであり、出願時請求項記載の組み合わせに限定されるものではない。また、本明細書または図面に例示した技術は複数目的を同時に達成するものであり、そのうちの一つの目的を達成すること自体で技術的有用性を持つものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)および(b)はそれぞれ偏平電極体を例示する斜視図である。
【図2】本実施例に係る二次電池を示す斜視図である。
【図3】図2の中央縦断面図である。
【図4】電極体を構成する正極シートを示す平面図である。
【図5】巻回前の電極体シート配置を示す断面図である。
【図6】偏平型電極体における最大面圧と容量維持率の関係を示す図である。
【図7】形状係数Fと容量維持率Rの関係を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1:二次電池
10:偏平電極体
12:正極シート
14:負極シート
16:絶縁シート
20:容器
201,202:最大平面部(平坦面)
H:偏平電極体の幅
W:偏平電極体の奥行
T:偏平電極体の積層高さ
C:偏平電極体の偏平面と角型容器の内壁との間のクリアランス[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for designing a flat prismatic secondary battery, and more particularly to a method for selecting a preferable size.
[0002]
2. Description of the Related Art A prismatic secondary battery is constructed by accommodating a flat electrode body in which a set of a positive electrode sheet, an insulating sheet, a negative electrode sheet and an insulating sheet is laminated in multiple layers in a rectangular container. Generally, when a flat electrode body is accommodated in a rectangular container and impregnated with an electrolytic solution, the flat electrode body expands in the stacking height direction. When the battery is charged, the flat electrode body expands.
In the case of a rectangular container, the distance between the pair of decentered planes is easy to spread at the center, but is hard to spread at a portion close to a side or a corner. For this reason, when the flat electrode body expands, the rectangular container tends to be weakly compressed at the center of the flat surface and strongly compressed at the portion near the side.
The internal resistance of the electrode body tends to increase in a portion where the compressive force is weak, and as a result, the battery reaction may progress to a portion where the compressive force is strong. If the battery reaction proceeds unevenly, the battery performance tends to decrease in a short time. For example, the battery capacity after charging is rapidly reduced by repeating a charge / discharge cycle. When the flat electrode body is uniformly compressed and the battery reaction proceeds uniformly, the rate at which the battery capacity after charging is reduced by repeating the charge / discharge cycle can be slowed down, while the battery capacity after charging is unevenly compressed. In this case, the battery reaction proceeds unevenly, and the battery capacity after the completion of charging rapidly decreases due to repeated charge / discharge cycles.
The relationship between the size of the flat electrode body and the inner size of the rectangular container is very important for maintaining battery performance because it is closely related to the compressed state of the flat electrode body, and must be properly selected.
[0003]
A flat electrode body obtained by winding and laminating a set of a positive electrode sheet, an insulating sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and an insulating sheet is often used. FIG. 1 illustrates a wound flat electrode body 10. In the case of the wound flat electrode body 10, the sheet group extends in the stacking height T direction at the corners (portions located at both ends in the width H direction) and expands in the stacking height T direction. difficult. On the other hand, the center of the flat surface of the electrode body (the portion located near the center in the width H direction) is relatively free. This difference in characteristics tends to make the compressed state of the flat electrode body non-uniform, and the deterioration rate of the battery performance is easily increased.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-67821 discloses a technique for making the compressed state of the flat electrode body uniform. In this technique, after the flat electrode body is inserted into the rectangular container, the flat surface of the rectangular container is pushed inward to form a concave shape.
[0005]
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-67821, the flat electrode body is adjusted by adjusting the clearance between the flat surface of the flat electrode body and the inner surface of the rectangular container. Even if it is known that the compression state can be made uniform, it is not clear how much the clearance should be. If the clearance is too large, it is not possible to achieve a uniform compression state of the flat electrode body. Even if the clearance is made too small, it is not possible to achieve a uniform compression state of the flat electrode body. Further, the rectangular container may be deformed.
At present, every time a new type of battery is designed, a large number of experiments are repeated to search for the optimal clearance by trial and error, and a lot of man-hours and time are spent in searching for the optimal clearance.
There is a need for a technique for quickly searching for a good clearance (C) between a flat surface of a flat electrode body and an inner wall of a rectangular container, which is closely related to battery performance.
[0006]
According to the present invention, in designing a rectangular secondary battery in which a flat electrode body is housed in a square container, the distance between the flat surface of the flat electrode body and the inner wall of the square container is increased. A method that can determine the magnitude of the clearance (C) in a short time was created.
According to the study of the present inventors, even when the width (H), depth (W), and stacking height (T) of the flat electrode body are variously changed depending on the type of the battery, the value of WHC / T is the reference value. When the size of the clearance (C) between the flat surface of the flat electrode body and the inner wall of the rectangular container is selected under the following conditions, the size of the clearance that gives good results regardless of the type of battery. It turns out that you can choose.
[0007]
In the method of designing a rectangular secondary battery according to claim 1, the flat electrode body has a width (H), a depth (W), a stacking height (T), a flat surface of the flat electrode body, and a rectangular container. Is selected under the condition that the value of WHC / T is below the reference value. That is, as illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the width (H), the depth (W), and the stacking height (T) of the flat electrode body 10 used for the rectangular secondary battery to be designed are set. When the magnitude of the clearance (C) between the flat surface of the flat electrode body and the inner wall of the rectangular container is obtained within a range smaller than the value of {reference value × T / WH} calculated therefrom, Clearance that gives the best results can be selected.
According to this method, since the range for searching for the optimum clearance (C) is narrowed, the number of experiments for searching for the optimum clearance (C) can be reduced, and the search for the optimum clearance (C) can be performed in a short time. it can.
[0008]
In this method of designing a prismatic secondary battery, the capacity retention rate (R) of a specific type of prismatic secondary battery or a specific type of group of prismatic secondary batteries after 500 cycles of charging and discharging is repeated. It is preferable that the value of WHC / T to be 70% is obtained in advance, and the value of WHC / T is used as the reference value to contribute to the design of another type of prismatic secondary battery.
More specifically, it is preferable to design a prismatic secondary battery with a reference value of approximately 50 when each of H, W, T, and C is measured in units of mm.
According to the above method, since the range for searching for the optimum clearance (C) is narrowed down clearly, the number of experiments for searching for the optimum clearance (C) can be reduced, and the optimum clearance (C) can be searched in a short time. can do.
[0009]
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention is preferably implemented in the following modes.
(Embodiment 1) The prismatic secondary battery of the present invention is a lithium ion secondary battery. Lithium ion secondary batteries have a problem that battery performance is liable to deteriorate due to bias in battery reaction. Therefore, the application effect of the present invention is great.
[0010]
(Mode 2) The width (H) of the flat electrode body is selected from the range of 50 to 100 mm, the depth (W) is selected from the range of 100 to 150 mm, and the lamination height (T) is selected from the range of 10 to 40 mm. The clearance (C) between the flat surface of the flat electrode body and the inner wall of the rectangular container is selected from the range of -2 to +2 mm.
This battery is highly practical from the viewpoints of battery performance (capacity and the like) and mountability in various devices (vehicles and the like).
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment embodying the present invention will be described below. The following description is merely an example and does not explain the invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a secondary battery that can be designed by the design method of the embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a central longitudinal sectional view thereof. As shown in the drawing, the secondary battery 1 has a flat electrode body 10 in which a set of a positive electrode sheet, an insulating sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and an insulating sheet is wound in a flat shape, and a flat square type housing the flat electrode body 10. And a container 20.
[0012]
First, the configuration and manufacturing method of the flat electrode body 10 will be described. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the positive electrode sheet 12 constituting the flat electrode body 10 before winding. A paste containing a positive electrode active material is applied to both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector 12a made of a long aluminum foil, and a positive electrode active material layer 12b is formed on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 12a. Here, on one long side of the positive electrode sheet 12, an active material uncoated portion 12c in which the positive electrode active material layer 12b is not formed on any surface is provided.
[0013]
Since the structure of the negative electrode sheet 14 is the same as that of the positive electrode sheet 12, the negative electrode sheet 14 will also be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 4, reference numerals in parentheses correspond to the negative electrode sheet 14. A paste containing a negative electrode active material is applied to both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector 14a made of a long copper foil, and a negative electrode active material layer 14b is formed on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 14a. On one long side of the negative electrode sheet 14, an active material uncoated portion 14c in which the negative electrode active material layer 14b is not formed on any surface is provided.
[0014]
In addition, as the positive electrode active material used for manufacturing the flat electrode body 10, one or more of the positive electrode active materials used in conventional lithium ion secondary batteries such as LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoO 2 , and LiNiO 2 are particularly used. It can be used without limitation. As the negative electrode active material, one or two or more types of negative electrode active materials used in conventional lithium ion secondary batteries such as amorphous carbon and graphite carbon can be used without particular limitation. In preparing a paste containing such an active material, conventionally known binders, conductive agents, solvents, and the like can be appropriately used. The application of these pastes to the current collector can be performed using a comma coater, a die coater, or the like.
[0015]
As the insulating sheet 16, a porous polypropylene resin sheet was used. As the material of the insulating sheet 16, a polyethylene resin or a mixture of a polypropylene resin and a polyethylene resin can be used in addition to the polypropylene resin. The planar shape of the insulating sheet 16 is larger in width and length than the region where the positive electrode active material layer 12b of the positive electrode sheet 12 and the negative electrode active material layer 14b of the negative electrode sheet 14 are formed as shown in FIG. .
As shown in FIG. 5, the negative electrode sheet 14, the insulating sheet 16, the positive electrode sheet 12, and the insulating sheet 16 are overlaid. At this time, the region of the negative electrode sheet 14 on which the negative electrode active material 14b is applied is larger in both width and length than the region of the positive electrode sheet 12 on which the positive electrode active material 12b is applied, and the insulating sheet 16 is It should be larger than the area where the negative electrode active material 14b is applied. Here, the active material uncoated portion 12c of the positive electrode sheet 12 and the active material uncoated portion 14c of the negative electrode sheet 14 protrude from one long side and the other long side of the insulating sheet 16, respectively. 12 and 14 are arranged. Next, a set of the stacked sheets 12, 16, 14, 16 is wound in the long side direction using a winding machine or the like. The wound body is pressed in the radial direction to produce the electrode body 10 having a flat cross section illustrated in FIG. Here, the width (H) of the flat electrode body 10 is 50 to 100 mm, the depth (W) is 100 to 150 mm, the stacking height (T) is 10 to 40 mm, and the flat surface of the electrode body 10 and the inner wall of the rectangular container. Is appropriately combined in the range of -2 to +2 mm.
The lamination height (T) is a predetermined value (for example, 1 to 5 kgf / cm 2 (9.8 × 10 4 to 4.9 × 10 5 Pa)) in the thickness direction of the obtained flat electrode body 10. In this example, a value measured under a pressing force of 3 kgf / cm 2 (2.94 × 10 5 Pa) is used. Therefore, when the pressing force larger than that at the time of measuring the stacking height (T) is stored in the rectangular container 20 while being applied to the flat electrode body 10, the clearance (C) may be a negative value.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 2, the rectangular container 20 is made of aluminum, and includes an electrode body case 22 having a rectangular tube shape with a bottom and a lid 24 for sealing an upper end opening of the electrode body case 22. The container 20 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape including six (3 pairs) flat portions 201 to 206. The flat portions 201 and 202, the flat portions 203 and 204, and the flat portions 205 and 206 (the flat portion 206 is formed by the lid 24) face each other.
As shown in FIG. 3, the flat electrode body 10 is housed in the container 20 such that the winding center (winding axis) G is turned over. The inner surfaces of a pair of flat portions (maximum flat portions) 201 and 202 having the largest area among the six flat portions of the container 20 face both surfaces (uneven flat surfaces) in the stacking direction of the flat electrode body 10.
The flat electrode body 10 is impregnated with an electrolytic solution (not shown). As the electrolytic solution, a solution in which 1 mol / liter of LiPF 6 is dissolved in a 7: 3 (volume ratio) mixed solvent of diethyl carbonate and ethylene carbonate can be used.
The positive electrode sheet 12 constituting the flat electrode body 10 is connected to a positive electrode terminal 26 protruding from the rectangular container 20 using an uncoated portion of the active material. The negative electrode sheet 14 is connected to the negative electrode terminal 28 using an uncoated portion of the active material.
[0017]
Regarding lithium-ion secondary batteries having the above-described structure, in which the dimensions (one or more of H, T, W and C) of each part are different, the maximum surface pressure (full capacity of the battery) is determined. The relationship between the surface pressure generated between the vicinity of the center of the deflected plane of the electrode body and the inner wall of the container during charging) and the capacity retention ratio R were examined. As a result, a characteristic diagram shown in FIG. 6 was obtained. Here, the capacity retention ratio R indicates the ratio of the battery capacity after the completion of charging after 500 cycles of charge / discharge assuming that the battery capacity after the completion of the initial charge is 100%. It can be a measure of the rate of decline.
[0018]
In the case of a battery in which a cylindrically wound electrode body is housed in a cylindrical container, there is no portion corresponding to a corner portion or a flat surface of the flat wound electrode body, and the compression force applied to the electrode body tends to be uniform. In a battery using a cylindrical electrode body, bias in the battery reaction is less likely to occur than in a battery using a flat electrode body. In the case of a cylindrical battery, the capacity retention rate after repeating charge and discharge for 500 cycles is about 80%. In the case of a prismatic battery, if the capacity retention after 500 cycles can be made approximately 70% or more (more preferably, 80% or more), it can be said that the battery reaction is uniformed to the same extent as a cylindrical battery.
[0019]
According to this result, as shown in FIG. 6, there is a unique relationship between the maximum surface pressure and the capacity retention ratio. That is, when the maximum surface pressure is about 400 gf / cm 2 (3.92 × 10 4 Pa) or more, the volume retention rate after 500 cycles reaches 70%. When the maximum surface pressure is less than 400 gf / cm 2 (3.92 × 10 4 Pa), the volume retention after 500 cycles is less than 70%.
[0020]
Table 1 shows the results of experiments conducted by changing the dimensions of the lithium ion secondary battery having the above-described configuration in various ways. The width (H), depth (W), lamination height (T), and clearance (C) between the flat surface of the flat electrode body and the inner wall of the rectangular container are in units of mm. The findings of the present inventors have revealed that the value of WHC / T is important, and Table 1 summarizes the values of WHC / T. The battery capacity before and after the cycle test (battery capacity after full charge) is set to 100, and the battery capacity after the cycle test (battery capacity after full charge) is set to 100. The capacity retention ratio (R) was measured by a method of determining the ratio.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004047332
[0022]
FIG. 7 plots the relationship between the value of the shape factor (F) calculated by the equation (WHC / T) and the capacity retention ratio (R).
In Examples 1 to 4, the value of WHC / T is 50 or less, and if the value of WHC / T is 50 or less, the capacity retention ratio (R) becomes 70% or more. In the battery used in Example 1, a high value of 87% was obtained. Generally, when the capacity retention ratio (R) is 70% or more, it can be said that the battery has practically sufficient durability. In Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the value of WHC / T is 50 or more, and when the value of WHC / T is 50 or more, the capacity retention ratio (R) is only 70% or less.
If the shape factor (F) calculated by the formula (WHC / T) is 50 or less, the capacity retention rate (R) becomes 70% or more, the battery reaction is made uniform, and the battery has excellent characteristics. Understand. When the value of WHC / T is used as an index and each dimension is determined under the condition that the value is equal to or less than the reference value, it can be understood that a battery with a slow rate of decrease in battery performance and a long durability can be designed.
[0023]
Although a lithium ion secondary battery was used in these experimental examples, the present invention can be applied to other types of secondary batteries such as a nickel hydride battery and a nickel cadmium battery. The materials of the active materials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the current collector and the terminal, the insulating sheet and the like, the composition of the electrolytic solution, and the like are appropriately selected according to the type of the secondary battery.
[0024]
As mentioned above, although the specific example of this invention was demonstrated in detail, these are only illustrations and do not limit a claim. The technology described in the claims includes various modifications and alterations of the specific examples illustrated above. For example, the flat electrode body may be formed by laminating cut electrode sheets in multiple layers.
In addition, the technical elements described in the present specification or the drawings exhibit technical usefulness alone or in various combinations, and are not limited to the combinations described in the claims at the time of filing. The technology illustrated in the present specification or the drawings achieves a plurality of objects at the same time, and has technical utility by achieving one of the objects.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A and 1B are perspective views illustrating a flat electrode body. FIG.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a secondary battery according to the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a central longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a positive electrode sheet constituting an electrode body.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an electrode body sheet arrangement before winding.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a maximum surface pressure and a capacity retention ratio in a flat electrode body.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship between a shape factor F and a capacity retention ratio R.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Secondary battery 10: Flat electrode body 12: Positive electrode sheet 14: Negative electrode sheet 16: Insulating sheet 20: Containers 201, 202: Maximum plane portion (flat surface)
H: width of the flat electrode body W: depth of the flat electrode body T: stacking height of the flat electrode body C: clearance between the flat surface of the flat electrode body and the inner wall of the rectangular container

Claims (3)

正極シートと絶縁シートと負極シートと絶縁シートの組を多層に積層した偏平電極体を角型容器内に収容した角型二次電池の設計方法であり、
その偏平電極体の幅(H)と、奥行(W)と、積層高さ(T)と、その偏平電極体の偏平面と角型容器の内壁との間のクリアランス(C)を、WHC/Tの値が基準値以下となるという条件下で選択することを特徴とする角型二次電池の設計方法。
It is a design method of a rectangular secondary battery in which a flat electrode body in which a set of a positive electrode sheet, an insulating sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and an insulating sheet is laminated in a multilayer is accommodated in a rectangular container,
The width (H), depth (W), stacking height (T) of the flat electrode body, and the clearance (C) between the flat surface of the flat electrode body and the inner wall of the rectangular container are represented by WHC / A method for designing a prismatic secondary battery, wherein the selection is made under the condition that the value of T is equal to or less than a reference value.
充放電を500サイクル繰返した後の容量維持率(R)が70%となるWHC/Tの値を予め求めておき、このWHC/Tの値を前記基準値とすることを特徴とする請求項1の角型二次電池の設計方法。The value of WHC / T at which the capacity retention ratio (R) after repeating charge / discharge for 500 cycles becomes 70% is determined in advance, and the value of WHC / T is used as the reference value. 1. A method for designing a prismatic secondary battery. H、W、T、Cのそれぞれをmmの単位で測定したときの基準値をほぼ50とすることを特徴とする請求項1の角型二次電池の設計方法。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a reference value when each of H, W, T, and C is measured in mm is approximately 50.
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