JP2004042759A - Air conditioner for automobile - Google Patents

Air conditioner for automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004042759A
JP2004042759A JP2002202059A JP2002202059A JP2004042759A JP 2004042759 A JP2004042759 A JP 2004042759A JP 2002202059 A JP2002202059 A JP 2002202059A JP 2002202059 A JP2002202059 A JP 2002202059A JP 2004042759 A JP2004042759 A JP 2004042759A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
radiator
heat exchanger
cooling water
vehicle
valve
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JP2002202059A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Saho Funakoshi
舟越 砂穂
Hidenori Yokoyama
横山 英範
Masao Imanari
今成 正雄
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Priority to JP2002202059A priority Critical patent/JP2004042759A/en
Publication of JP2004042759A publication Critical patent/JP2004042759A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3222Cooling devices using compression characterised by the compressor driving arrangements, e.g. clutches, transmissions or multiple drives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/004Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00961Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising means for defrosting outside heat exchangers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air conditioner for a vehicle performing heating and cooling using a heat pump and capable of leveling the amount of refrigerant required for cooling with that for heating without using a large-size accumulator by reducing the amount of refrigerant collected in an outdoor heat exchanger when heating. <P>SOLUTION: This air conditioner for the vehicle is provided with refrigeration cycle in which an electric compressor 1, a four-way valve 2, the outdoor heat exchanger 3, an expansion mechanism 4, and indoor heat exchangers 5, 7 are sequentially connected. An engine for driving the automobile or a first radiator 14 for radiating heat of cooling water of a fuel cell 8 is arranged leeward of the outdoor heat exchanger 3, and a second radiator 13 is arranged leeward. The air conditioner is provided with functions for controlling a valve 12 switching a cooling water passage into the first radiator 14 and the second radiator 13 and the valve 12 for making cooling water flow in the second radiator 13 when performing cooling operation and making cooling water flow in the first radiator 14 when performing heating operation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車用空気調和機に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の技術としては、特開2000−301935号公報に見られるように室外熱交換器をラジエータの空気の流れ方向の前後に2個設けて、冷房、暖房運転で凝縮器を切替えて使用することが知られている。暖房運転時は、ラジエータの風下側に配置された室外熱交換器を使用することで、ラジエータの熱を蒸発器となっている室外熱交換器に取り込むことができ暖房性能を向上させ、冷房運転時は、ラジエータの風上側に配置された室外熱交換器を使用することで、凝縮器となっている室外熱交換器に対してラジエータの熱影響を受け難くすることが記載されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来技術は、室外熱交換器を二系統設けていることから、次の問題がある。冷房運転を行うと、上記したように、ラジエータの風上に配置した室外熱交換器が凝縮器となる。この状態から三方弁を切替えて使用する室外熱交換器をラジエータ風下の熱交換器として暖房運転を行うと、風上の室外熱交換器の冷媒は凝縮して溜まったままとなってしまう。このため、暖房運転における冷媒量が足りなくなってしまう。
【0004】
これを防止するため、封入冷媒量を多くする必要があるが、今度は冷房時の冷媒量が多くなりすぎる。これを調整するため、この冷凍サイクルでは、圧縮機の吸込み側に設けたアキュムレータの容量を大きくしなければ実現しない。
【0005】
しかし、自動車用空気調和機にあっては、機器の省スペース化により居住空間や物を置く空間を広くしたいという要求があり、空気調和機側の要求のためにこれら空間を使うことはできない。
【0006】
本発明の目的は、上記従来技術と同等の性能を維持しつつアキュムレータを大きくする必要のない自動車用空気調和機を提供することにある。
【0007】
また、他の目的は、冷凍サイクルを用いて暖房運転を行う自動車用空気調和機において、除霜運転の間隔を長くした、又は除霜運転を行わない自動車用空気調和機を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的は、電動圧縮機、四方弁、車室外熱交換器、膨張機構、車室内熱交換器を順次接続した冷凍サイクルを備えた自動車用空気調和機において、自動車を駆動するためのエンジン又は燃料電池の冷却水を放熱し、前記車室外熱交換器の風上に配置された第1のラジエータと、自動車を駆動するためのエンジン又は燃料電池の冷却水を放熱し、前記車室外熱交換器の風下に配置された第2のラジエータとを備えることによって達成される。
【0009】
また、上記目的は、電動圧縮機、四方弁、車室外熱交換器、膨張機構、車室内熱交換器を順次接続した冷凍サイクルを備えた自動車用空気調和機において、自動車を駆動するためのエンジン又は燃料電池の冷却水を放熱し、前記車室外熱交換器の風上に配置された第1のラジエータと、自動車を駆動するためのエンジン又は燃料電池の冷却水を放熱し、前記車室外熱交換器の風下に配置された第2のラジエータと、冷却水の流路を前記第1のラジエータと第2のラジエータとに切替える弁と、冷房運転時には前記第2のラジエータに冷却水を流すように、暖房運転時には前記第1のラジエータに冷却水を流すように前記弁を制御する機能と備えることによって達成される。
【0010】
上記他の目的は、電動圧縮機、四方弁、車室外熱交換器、膨張機構、車室内熱交換器を順次接続した冷凍サイクルを備えた自動車用空気調和機において、自動車を駆動するためのエンジン又は燃料電池の冷却水を放熱し、前記車室外熱交換器の風上に配置された第1のラジエータと、自動車を駆動するためのエンジン又は燃料電池の冷却水を放熱し、前記車室外熱交換器の風下に配置された第2のラジエータと、冷却水の流路を前記第1のラジエータと第2のラジエータとに切替える弁と、冷房運転時には前記第2のラジエータに冷却水を流すように、暖房運転時には前記第1のラジエータに冷却水を流し、暖房運転時に前記車室外熱交換器の着霜が検知されたとき前記第1のラジエータ及び前記第2のラジエータに冷却水を流すように前記弁を制御する機能と備えることによって達成される。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を図面に示す実施の形態により説明する。本発明の一実施形態の自動車用空気調和機を図1乃至図3により説明する。
【0012】
図1に本発明の自動車用空気調和機の構成図を示す。冷凍サイクルは、圧縮機1、四方弁2、車室外熱交換器3、電動膨張弁4、第1の車室内熱交換器5、除湿弁6、第2の車室内熱交換器7、四方弁2、圧縮機1を順次、接続配管で接続して構成されている。
【0013】
一方、エンジン8を冷却する冷却水は、ウォータポンプ9により、第1の切替えバルブ10、ヒータコア11、第2の切替えバルブ12、第1のラジエータ13又は第2のラジエータ14を通ってエンジン8に戻るループを形成する。
【0014】
第1の切替えバルブ10は、加熱が必要な場合にヒータコア11に冷却水を流し、不必要な場合にはヒータコア11をバイパスさせるように流路を切替える。第2の切替えバルブ12は、冷房又は冷房気味除湿運転時は第1のラジエータ13に、暖房又は暖房気味除湿運転時は第2のラジエータ14に冷却水を流すように切替られる。また、この第2の切替えバルブ10は、第1のラジエータ13及び第2のラジエータ14の両者に冷却水を供給することができる。車室外熱交換器3に着霜したとき、両方のラジエータに冷却水を通水することによって、着霜量が少なければ冷凍サイクルを除霜サイクルに切替えることなく、霜を融解することができる。
【0015】
第1の車室内熱交換器5、第2の車室内熱交換器7及びヒータコア11は空調ユニット15の中に設置され、空調された空気はブロア16によって車室内に送風される。第1の車室内熱交換器5と第2の車室内熱交換器7は空気の流れに対して直交する方向で並列に配置する。また、2個の車室内熱交換器を設ける代わりに、1個の熱交換器を分割して使用してもよい。
【0016】
四方弁2による冷暖房の切替え、除湿弁6の開閉、ブロア16の風量制御などは、主空調制御装置17によって行われる。電動膨張弁4の制御は副空調制御装置18に含まれる電動膨張弁制御装置19によって行われる。電動膨張弁の開度は例えば圧縮機1の頭部に設けたサーミスタ21の温度に基づいて制御する。圧縮機1は電動モータを密閉容器に内臓した電動圧縮機で、モータ回転数の制御は副空調装置18に含まれる圧縮機制御装置20によって行われる。
【0017】
圧縮機回転数の目標値は、主空調制御装置17において車内温度の計測値等に基づいて決定して、圧縮機制御装置20に出力する。なお、本実施の形態では膨張弁制御装置19と圧縮機制御装置20を主空調制御装置17と別にしたが、これらを主空調制御装置に含めてもよい。
【0018】
図2に自動車内における各機器の配置の一例を示す。2つのラジエータ13、14及び車室外熱交換器3は、エンジンルーム内の車両前方に置かれ、グリル23を通して走行風を受けるようになっている。また、停車中などの風量不足を補うため、ラジエータファン21及び熱交換器ファン22がエンジン8と第1のラジエータ13との間に設けられている。これらのファンは、エンジン冷却や冷凍サイクルの運転状況に応じて片方又は両方の運転が行われる。エンジン8はラジエータファン21及び熱交換器ファン22の後方に配置される。
【0019】
自動車が停車中にアイドリングを停止させる所謂アイドリングストップ車である場合、エンジン8は自動車が停車中は停止してしまう。エンジン8の動力によって駆動するタイプの圧縮機1とした場合、エンジン8が停止すると圧縮機1が動作しないので、車室内の空調を行うことができない。そこで、圧縮機1を電動圧縮機とする。これにより、エンジン8が停止していても電力が圧縮機1に供給されるので、空調が停止されることはない。また、電動圧縮機を用いる場合は、圧縮機1を自由な場所に配置できる。空調ユニット15は車室のダッシュボード奥付近に置かれる。
【0020】
次に本実施形態の自動車用空気調和機の制御動作について図1に基づいて説明する。本実施形態では、強暖房から冷房まで6段階の制御を行うことができる。
【0021】
まず強暖房運転モードでは冷凍サイクルの暖房運転を行い、ヒータコア11の暖房を補助する。第1の切替えバルブ10をヒータコアに冷却水を流す側に位置させる。四方弁2を暖房(破線)位置とする。除湿弁6を全開とし、電動膨張弁4の制御を行うことで膨張作用を行わせる。冷却水系統の第2の切替えバルブ12は、風上側の第2のラジエータ14に冷却水が流れるように設定する。このモードでは、車室外熱交換器3は蒸発器として、第1の車室内熱交換器5及び第2の車室内熱交換器7は凝縮器として働く。この運転モードは始動時などエンジン8が十分に温まっていないときに行うと効果が大きい。
【0022】
弱暖房運転モードでは圧縮機1を停止し、ヒータコア11のみによって暖房を行う。したがって、第1の切替えバルブ10は、ヒータコア11に冷却水が流れる側に位置させる。この運転モードは通常の暖房時で除湿の必要がないときに使われる。
【0023】
気温が低く車室内が湿気を帯びてガラスが曇る場合、暖房気味除湿運転モードに切替えて空調を行うことができる。四方弁2を暖房位置に設定して、膨張弁4を全開とし、除湿弁6を制御することで絞り制御を行う。第2の切替えバルブ12は、冷媒の蒸発を促すように第2のラジエータ14に冷却水が流れるように設定する。このとき第2の車室内熱交換器7において冷媒は凝縮し、除湿弁6で膨張し、第1の車室内熱交換器5及び車室外熱交換器3において冷媒は蒸発する。この運転モードはやや暖房能力が必要でかつ除湿の必要があるときに使われる。
【0024】
中立除湿運転モードでは、ヒータコア11で暖房を行うと同時に冷凍サイクルでは冷房運転を行う。このとき第1の切替えバルブ10をヒータコア11に冷却水を流す側に位置させる。四方弁2を冷房位置に切替え、除湿弁6を全開にして、電動膨張弁4を制御することで絞り制御が実行される。また、第2の切替えバルブ12は、冷媒が凝縮する妨げとならぬよう風下側の第1のラジエータ13に冷却水が流れるように設定する。この運転モードは負荷の軽い冷暖房と除湿の必要があるときに使われる。
【0025】
冷房気味除湿運転では四方弁2を冷房位置に設定し、電動膨張弁4を全開に、除湿弁6を制御することで絞り制御を行う。第2の切替えバルブ12は、冷媒が凝縮する妨げとならぬように風下側の第1のラジエータ13に冷却水が流れるように設定する。この運転モードは負荷の軽い冷房と除湿の必要があるときに使われる。
【0026】
最後に冷房運転では、第1の切替えバルブ10を冷却水がヒータコア11をバイパスする位置に設定される。また四方弁2を冷房位置に設定し、除湿弁6を全開にして、電動膨張弁4を制御することでこの電動膨張弁4に絞り作用を行わせる。第2の切替えバルブ12は、冷媒が凝縮する妨げとならぬように風下側の第1のラジエータ13に冷却水が流れるように設定する。この運転モードは負荷の大きい冷房と除湿が必要であるときに使われる。
【0027】
次に車室外熱交換器3の除霜運転について説明する。冷凍サイクルを暖房サイクルで運転している場合(暖房運転、暖房サイクル除湿)、車室外熱交換器3は、蒸発器として作用しているので、温度が低下し、外気の湿度が高いと霜が付着してしまう。暖房サイクルで冷凍サイクルを運転している状態では、第2の切替えバルブ12は車室外熱交換器3の風上側に位置する第2のラジエータ14を選択してこちらに冷却水を流すように制御されている。このため、車室外熱交換器3には外気温に比べて比較的暖かい空気が流入する。従って、車室外熱交換器3は着霜しにくいのではあるが、定期的に若しくは着霜センサ(図示しない。車室外熱交換器3の温度により判定)の出力があった場合、着霜していると判断して、第1の切替えバルブ12を制御することで第1のラジエータ13及び第2のラジエータ14に冷却水を導水し車室外熱交換器3の温度上昇を促す。第2のラジエータ14からは冷却風と共に輻射熱が、第1のラジエータ13からは輻射熱が車室外熱交換器3に与えられ、霜を融解する。これによって、圧縮機1を停止することなく除霜を行うことができる。
【0028】
これでも着霜センサの出力が着霜状態を示している場合、圧縮機1を停止させ、四方弁2を冷房に切替える。このとき除湿弁6が絞り位置にあるならば全開とする。なお、車室内の温度低下をなるべく防ぐため、ヒータコア11には冷却水を流しておく。そして、圧縮機1を動作させて、高温の冷媒を車室外熱交換器3に流す。両ラジエータ13、14からの熱とこの高温冷媒の熱により、冷凍サイクル単体で除霜制御を行うよりも短時間で除霜が終了する。このため、車室内の温度低下を抑えることができる。
【0029】
以上、本実施の形態によれば、暖房、除湿、冷房運転の種類に応じて膨張弁、除湿弁を適宜制御することにより、様々な空調負荷に対応したきめ細かな運転ができるので、高い快適性が得られる。また、ラジエータを車室外熱交換器の風上側と風下側で切替えることにより、暖房運転時の車室外熱交換器への着霜を防止することができ、冷暖房時とも高効率の運転が行える。
【0030】
なお、本実施の形態ではエンジン車やハイブリッド車などエンジンを搭載した自動車を対象として説明したが、燃料電池車では燃料電池やインバータ等の冷却水の系統を同様の構成とすることにより、同様の効果を得ることが可能である。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
以上本発明によれば、従来技術と同等の性能を維持しつつアキュムレータを大きくする必要のない自動車用空気調和機を提供することができる。
【0032】
また、本発明によれば、冷凍サイクルを用いて暖房運転を行う自動車用空気調和機において、除霜運転の間隔を長くした、又は除霜運転を行わない自動車用空気調和機を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施形態における自動車用空気調和機の構成。
【図2】本発明の一実施形態における自動車用空気調和機の構成機器配置。
【符号の説明】
1…圧縮機、2…四方弁、3…車室外熱交換器、4…電動膨張弁、5…第1の車室内熱交換器、6…除湿弁、7…第2の車室内熱交換器、8…エンジン、9…ウォータポンプ、11…ヒータコア、12…切替えバルブ、13…第1のラジエータ、14…第2のラジエータ。
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an air conditioner for a vehicle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional technique, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-301935, two outdoor heat exchangers are provided before and after in the air flow direction of a radiator, and a condenser is used in cooling and heating operations. It has been known. During the heating operation, by using the outdoor heat exchanger located on the lee side of the radiator, the heat of the radiator can be taken into the outdoor heat exchanger that is the evaporator, improving the heating performance and cooling operation. At times, it is described that the use of an outdoor heat exchanger arranged on the windward side of the radiator makes the outdoor heat exchanger serving as a condenser less affected by the heat of the radiator.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned prior art has the following problems because two outdoor heat exchangers are provided. When the cooling operation is performed, as described above, the outdoor heat exchanger disposed on the windward side of the radiator serves as a condenser. If the outdoor heat exchanger used by switching the three-way valve from this state is used as a heat exchanger downstream of the radiator to perform the heating operation, the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger upstream is condensed and remains. For this reason, the amount of refrigerant in the heating operation becomes insufficient.
[0004]
In order to prevent this, it is necessary to increase the amount of the charged refrigerant, but this time, the amount of the refrigerant during cooling becomes too large. In order to adjust this, this refrigeration cycle cannot be realized unless the capacity of the accumulator provided on the suction side of the compressor is increased.
[0005]
However, in an air conditioner for an automobile, there is a demand that a space for placing a living space or an object be widened by saving space of the equipment, and these spaces cannot be used due to a request from the air conditioner.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner for a vehicle that does not need to have a large accumulator while maintaining performance equivalent to that of the above-described conventional technology.
[0007]
Another object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner for a vehicle that performs a heating operation using a refrigeration cycle and that has a longer interval between defrosting operations or does not perform a defrosting operation. .
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
An object of the present invention is to provide an engine or fuel for driving an automobile in an air conditioner for an automobile having a refrigerating cycle in which an electric compressor, a four-way valve, a heat exchanger outside a vehicle, an expansion mechanism, and a heat exchanger inside a vehicle are sequentially connected. A first radiator disposed on the windward side of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger; a first radiator disposed on the windward side of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger; and an engine or fuel cell cooling water for driving an automobile. And a second radiator arranged leeward.
[0009]
Further, the object is to provide an engine for driving an automobile in an air conditioner for an automobile having a refrigeration cycle in which an electric compressor, a four-way valve, a heat exchanger outside a vehicle compartment, an expansion mechanism, and a heat exchanger inside a vehicle compartment are sequentially connected. Alternatively, the cooling water of the fuel cell is radiated, the first radiator arranged on the windward side of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle, and the cooling water of the engine or the fuel cell for driving the vehicle are radiated, and the heat of the vehicle outside heat is released. A second radiator disposed downstream of the exchanger, a valve for switching a flow path of the cooling water between the first radiator and the second radiator, and a cooling water flowing through the second radiator during the cooling operation. In addition, this is achieved by providing a function of controlling the valve so that the cooling water flows through the first radiator during the heating operation.
[0010]
The other object is to provide an engine for driving an automobile in an air conditioner for an automobile having a refrigeration cycle in which an electric compressor, a four-way valve, a heat exchanger outside a vehicle compartment, an expansion mechanism, and a heat exchanger inside a vehicle compartment are sequentially connected. Alternatively, the cooling water of the fuel cell is radiated, the first radiator arranged on the windward side of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle, and the cooling water of the engine or the fuel cell for driving the vehicle are radiated, and the heat of the vehicle outside heat is released. A second radiator disposed downstream of the exchanger, a valve for switching a flow path of the cooling water between the first radiator and the second radiator, and a cooling water flowing through the second radiator during the cooling operation. In the heating operation, cooling water is supplied to the first radiator, and when frost formation on the heat exchanger outside the vehicle is detected during the heating operation, cooling water is supplied to the first radiator and the second radiator. Above It is achieved by providing a controlling functions.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. An air conditioner for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0012]
FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of an air conditioner for a vehicle according to the present invention. The refrigeration cycle includes a compressor 1, a four-way valve 2, an exterior heat exchanger 3, an electric expansion valve 4, a first interior heat exchanger 5, a dehumidification valve 6, a second interior heat exchanger 7, a four-way valve. 2. The compressor 1 is configured to be sequentially connected by a connection pipe.
[0013]
On the other hand, cooling water for cooling the engine 8 is supplied to the engine 8 by the water pump 9 through the first switching valve 10, the heater core 11, the second switching valve 12, the first radiator 13 or the second radiator 14. Form a return loop.
[0014]
The first switching valve 10 switches the flow path so that cooling water flows through the heater core 11 when heating is necessary, and bypasses the heater core 11 when heating is unnecessary. The second switching valve 12 is switched so that the cooling water flows to the first radiator 13 during the cooling or cooling dehumidifying operation, and to the second radiator 14 during the heating or heating dehumidifying operation. Further, the second switching valve 10 can supply cooling water to both the first radiator 13 and the second radiator 14. When frost is formed on the heat exchanger 3 outside the vehicle, by passing the cooling water through both radiators, the frost can be melted without switching the refrigeration cycle to the defrost cycle if the amount of frost is small.
[0015]
The first vehicle interior heat exchanger 5, the second vehicle interior heat exchanger 7, and the heater core 11 are installed in an air conditioning unit 15, and the conditioned air is blown into the vehicle interior by a blower 16. The first vehicle interior heat exchanger 5 and the second vehicle interior heat exchanger 7 are arranged in parallel in a direction orthogonal to the flow of air. Instead of providing two vehicle interior heat exchangers, one heat exchanger may be divided and used.
[0016]
The main air conditioning control device 17 performs switching of the cooling / heating by the four-way valve 2, opening / closing of the dehumidification valve 6, control of the air volume of the blower 16, and the like. The control of the electric expansion valve 4 is performed by the electric expansion valve control device 19 included in the sub air conditioning control device 18. The opening of the electric expansion valve is controlled based on, for example, the temperature of a thermistor 21 provided at the head of the compressor 1. The compressor 1 is an electric compressor in which an electric motor is built in a closed container, and the control of the motor rotation speed is performed by a compressor control device 20 included in the sub air conditioner 18.
[0017]
The target value of the compressor rotation speed is determined by the main air-conditioning control device 17 based on the measured value of the temperature inside the vehicle and the like, and is output to the compressor control device 20. In the present embodiment, the expansion valve control device 19 and the compressor control device 20 are separated from the main air conditioning control device 17, but they may be included in the main air conditioning control device.
[0018]
FIG. 2 shows an example of the arrangement of each device in a vehicle. The two radiators 13 and 14 and the exterior heat exchanger 3 are placed in front of the vehicle in the engine room and receive traveling wind through the grill 23. In addition, a radiator fan 21 and a heat exchanger fan 22 are provided between the engine 8 and the first radiator 13 in order to compensate for a shortage of air volume during a stop or the like. One or both of these fans are operated depending on the operation state of the engine cooling or the refrigeration cycle. The engine 8 is arranged behind a radiator fan 21 and a heat exchanger fan 22.
[0019]
If the vehicle is a so-called idling stop vehicle that stops idling while the vehicle is stopped, the engine 8 stops while the vehicle is stopped. When the compressor 1 is driven by the power of the engine 8, when the engine 8 stops, the compressor 1 does not operate, so that air conditioning in the vehicle compartment cannot be performed. Therefore, the compressor 1 is an electric compressor. As a result, even when the engine 8 is stopped, the electric power is supplied to the compressor 1, so that the air conditioning is not stopped. In the case where the electric compressor is used, the compressor 1 can be arranged at any place. The air conditioning unit 15 is placed near the back of the dashboard in the passenger compartment.
[0020]
Next, a control operation of the vehicle air conditioner of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, six steps of control from strong heating to cooling can be performed.
[0021]
First, in the strong heating operation mode, the heating operation of the refrigeration cycle is performed to assist the heating of the heater core 11. The first switching valve 10 is located on the side where the cooling water flows through the heater core. The four-way valve 2 is set to the heating (broken line) position. The expansion operation is performed by fully opening the dehumidification valve 6 and controlling the electric expansion valve 4. The second switching valve 12 of the cooling water system is set so that the cooling water flows to the second radiator 14 on the windward side. In this mode, the exterior heat exchanger 3 functions as an evaporator, and the first interior heat exchanger 5 and the second interior heat exchanger 7 function as condensers. This operation mode has a great effect when it is performed when the engine 8 is not sufficiently warm, such as at the time of starting.
[0022]
In the weak heating operation mode, the compressor 1 is stopped, and heating is performed only by the heater core 11. Therefore, the first switching valve 10 is located on the side where the cooling water flows through the heater core 11. This operation mode is used when there is no need for dehumidification during normal heating.
[0023]
When the temperature is low and the interior of the vehicle is humid and the glass is fogged, the air conditioning can be performed by switching to the heating mode dehumidifying operation mode. The four-way valve 2 is set to the heating position, the expansion valve 4 is fully opened, and the dehumidification valve 6 is controlled to perform throttle control. The second switching valve 12 is set so that the cooling water flows to the second radiator 14 so as to promote the evaporation of the refrigerant. At this time, the refrigerant condenses in the second vehicle interior heat exchanger 7, expands in the dehumidification valve 6, and evaporates in the first vehicle interior heat exchanger 5 and the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 3. This operation mode is used when a little heating capacity is required and dehumidification is required.
[0024]
In the neutral dehumidification operation mode, heating is performed by the heater core 11 and, at the same time, cooling operation is performed in the refrigeration cycle. At this time, the first switching valve 10 is positioned on the side where the cooling water flows to the heater core 11. The four-way valve 2 is switched to the cooling position, the dehumidification valve 6 is fully opened, and the electric expansion valve 4 is controlled to execute the throttle control. The second switching valve 12 is set so that the cooling water flows to the first radiator 13 on the leeward side so as not to hinder the refrigerant from condensing. This mode of operation is used when light load cooling and heating and dehumidification are required.
[0025]
In the cooling dehumidifying operation, the four-way valve 2 is set to the cooling position, the electric expansion valve 4 is fully opened, and the dehumidifying valve 6 is controlled to control the throttle. The second switching valve 12 is set so that the cooling water flows to the first radiator 13 on the leeward side so as not to prevent the refrigerant from condensing. This mode of operation is used when light cooling and dehumidification is required.
[0026]
Finally, in the cooling operation, the first switching valve 10 is set to a position where the cooling water bypasses the heater core 11. Also, the four-way valve 2 is set to the cooling position, the dehumidification valve 6 is fully opened, and the electric expansion valve 4 is controlled to cause the electric expansion valve 4 to perform a throttling action. The second switching valve 12 is set so that the cooling water flows to the first radiator 13 on the leeward side so as not to prevent the refrigerant from condensing. This operation mode is used when cooling and dehumidification with a heavy load are required.
[0027]
Next, the defrosting operation of the exterior heat exchanger 3 will be described. When the refrigeration cycle is operated with a heating cycle (heating operation, heating cycle dehumidification), the outside heat exchanger 3 acts as an evaporator, so that the temperature decreases and frost is formed when the humidity of the outside air is high. Will stick. When the refrigeration cycle is operating in the heating cycle, the second switching valve 12 selects the second radiator 14 located on the windward side of the external heat exchanger 3 and controls the cooling water to flow therethrough. Have been. For this reason, air that is relatively warmer than the outside air temperature flows into the exterior heat exchanger 3. Therefore, although the outside heat exchanger 3 is hard to be frosted, it is frosted periodically or when there is an output from a frost sensor (not shown; determined by the temperature of the outside heat exchanger 3). By controlling the first switching valve 12, the cooling water is guided to the first radiator 13 and the second radiator 14, and the temperature of the heat exchanger 3 outside the vehicle compartment is increased. Radiant heat is supplied from the second radiator 14 together with the cooling air, and radiant heat is supplied from the first radiator 13 to the heat exchanger 3 outside the vehicle compartment, thereby melting the frost. Thereby, defrosting can be performed without stopping the compressor 1.
[0028]
If the output of the frost sensor still indicates a frost state, the compressor 1 is stopped and the four-way valve 2 is switched to cooling. At this time, if the dehumidification valve 6 is at the throttle position, it is fully opened. Note that cooling water is supplied to the heater core 11 in order to prevent a temperature drop in the vehicle compartment as much as possible. Then, the compressor 1 is operated to flow the high-temperature refrigerant to the exterior heat exchanger 3. By the heat from both radiators 13 and 14 and the heat of the high-temperature refrigerant, defrosting is completed in a shorter time than when defrosting control is performed by the refrigeration cycle alone. For this reason, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the temperature of the vehicle interior.
[0029]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, fine control corresponding to various air conditioning loads can be performed by appropriately controlling the expansion valve and the dehumidification valve according to the type of the heating, dehumidification, and cooling operations, thereby achieving high comfort. Is obtained. Further, by switching the radiator between the leeward side and the leeward side of the exterior heat exchanger, frost formation on the exterior heat exchanger during the heating operation can be prevented, and high-efficiency operation can be performed even during cooling and heating.
[0030]
Although the present embodiment has been described with respect to a vehicle equipped with an engine such as an engine vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle has the same configuration of a cooling water system such as a fuel cell and an inverter, thereby providing a similar configuration. An effect can be obtained.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an automotive air conditioner that does not need to have a large accumulator while maintaining performance equivalent to that of the related art.
[0032]
Further, according to the present invention, in an air conditioner for a vehicle that performs a heating operation using a refrigeration cycle, it is possible to provide an air conditioner for a vehicle that has a longer defrosting operation interval or does not perform a defrosting operation. it can.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration of an air conditioner for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an arrangement of components of an air conditioner for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Compressor, 2 ... Four-way valve, 3 ... Outdoor heat exchanger, 4 ... Electric expansion valve, 5 ... First car interior heat exchanger, 6 ... Dehumidification valve, 7 ... Second car interior heat exchanger Reference numeral 8: engine, 9: water pump, 11: heater core, 12: switching valve, 13: first radiator, 14: second radiator.

Claims (3)

電動圧縮機、四方弁、車室外熱交換器、膨張機構、車室内熱交換器を順次接続した冷凍サイクルを備えた自動車用空気調和機において、自動車を駆動するためのエンジン又は燃料電池の冷却水を放熱し、前記車室外熱交換器の風上に配置された第1のラジエータと、自動車を駆動するためのエンジン又は燃料電池の冷却水を放熱し、前記車室外熱交換器の風下に配置された第2のラジエータとを備えた自動車用空気調和機。Engine or fuel cell cooling water for driving an automobile in an automobile air conditioner equipped with a refrigeration cycle in which an electric compressor, a four-way valve, an exterior heat exchanger, an expansion mechanism, and an interior heat exchanger are sequentially connected. And a first radiator disposed on the windward side of the exterior heat exchanger and a cooling water for an engine or a fuel cell for driving the vehicle, and disposed on the leeward side of the exterior heat exchanger. And a second radiator. 電動圧縮機、四方弁、車室外熱交換器、膨張機構、車室内熱交換器を順次接続した冷凍サイクルを備えた自動車用空気調和機において、自動車を駆動するためのエンジン又は燃料電池の冷却水を放熱し、前記車室外熱交換器の風上に配置された第1のラジエータと、自動車を駆動するためのエンジン又は燃料電池の冷却水を放熱し、前記車室外熱交換器の風下に配置された第2のラジエータと、冷却水の流路を前記第1のラジエータと第2のラジエータとに切替える弁と、冷房運転時には前記第2のラジエータに冷却水を流すように、暖房運転時には前記第1のラジエータに冷却水を流すように前記弁を制御する機能と備えた自動車用空気調和機。Engine or fuel cell cooling water for driving an automobile in an automobile air conditioner equipped with a refrigeration cycle in which an electric compressor, a four-way valve, an exterior heat exchanger, an expansion mechanism, and an interior heat exchanger are sequentially connected. And a first radiator disposed on the windward side of the exterior heat exchanger and a cooling water for an engine or a fuel cell for driving the vehicle, and disposed on the leeward side of the exterior heat exchanger. A second radiator, a valve for switching a flow path of the cooling water between the first radiator and the second radiator, and a cooling water flowing through the second radiator during the cooling operation. An air conditioner for a vehicle having a function of controlling the valve so that cooling water flows through a first radiator. 電動圧縮機、四方弁、車室外熱交換器、膨張機構、車室内熱交換器を順次接続した冷凍サイクルを備えた自動車用空気調和機において、自動車を駆動するためのエンジン又は燃料電池の冷却水を放熱し、前記車室外熱交換器の風上に配置された第1のラジエータと、自動車を駆動するためのエンジン又は燃料電池の冷却水を放熱し、前記車室外熱交換器の風下に配置された第2のラジエータと、冷却水の流路を前記第1のラジエータと第2のラジエータとに切替える弁と、冷房運転時には前記第2のラジエータに冷却水を流すように、暖房運転時には前記第1のラジエータに冷却水を流し、暖房運転時に前記車室外熱交換器の着霜が検知されたとき前記第1のラジエータ及び前記第2のラジエータに冷却水を流すように前記弁を制御する機能と備えた自動車用空気調和機。Engine or fuel cell cooling water for driving an automobile in an automobile air conditioner equipped with a refrigeration cycle in which an electric compressor, a four-way valve, an exterior heat exchanger, an expansion mechanism, and an interior heat exchanger are sequentially connected. And a first radiator disposed on the windward side of the exterior heat exchanger and a cooling water for an engine or a fuel cell for driving the vehicle, and disposed on the leeward side of the exterior heat exchanger. A second radiator, a valve for switching a flow path of the cooling water between the first radiator and the second radiator, and a cooling water flowing through the second radiator during the cooling operation. Flowing cooling water through the first radiator, and controlling the valve to flow cooling water through the first radiator and the second radiator when frost formation on the outside heat exchanger is detected during the heating operation. function Equipped with air conditioner for an automobile.
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JP2018149918A (en) * 2017-03-13 2018-09-27 本田技研工業株式会社 Fuel-cell loading vehicle
US10322647B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2019-06-18 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel cell-equipped vehicle
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