KR101775441B1 - Air conditioner of fuel cell car - Google Patents
Air conditioner of fuel cell car Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101775441B1 KR101775441B1 KR1020150127526A KR20150127526A KR101775441B1 KR 101775441 B1 KR101775441 B1 KR 101775441B1 KR 1020150127526 A KR1020150127526 A KR 1020150127526A KR 20150127526 A KR20150127526 A KR 20150127526A KR 101775441 B1 KR101775441 B1 KR 101775441B1
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- air
- hot water
- temperature
- heat exchanger
- stack
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
- B60H1/3213—Control means therefor for increasing the efficiency in a vehicle heat pump
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
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- B60L11/1896—
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
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- F25B41/062—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
- B60H2001/2296—Constructional features integration into fluid/air heat exchangers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
- B60Y2400/20—Energy converters
- B60Y2400/202—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to an air conditioner for a fuel cell vehicle, and more particularly, to an air conditioner for a vehicle using a fuel cell, the air conditioner comprising: a stack for generating electricity for driving the fuel cell vehicle; An air preheater connected to receive hot water generated from the stack to supply hot water to the hot water circulation line to increase the temperature of the air; An air heat exchanger that receives the air temperature increased by the air preheater and uses the air temperature as a heat source; And a heat pump using the air heat exchanger as an evaporator, wherein the outdoor air temperature is lower than zero and the hot water temperature during driving of the stack is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, Cooling operation is performed by heat exchange between the refrigerant in the transfer line and heat pump using a heat source which is heated by hot water generated by cooling the stack and / So that efficient cooling and heating can be achieved.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE
Fuel cell automobiles are futuristic cars in which fuel cells that use the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen drive electric motors. It differs from an electric car that uses electric power only because it uses existing gasoline fuel. The principle of a fuel cell vehicle is as follows. First, gasoline is heated to vaporize, then water vapor and air are mixed to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is converted into carbon dioxide and hydrogen through the catalytic action of vapor, and the generated hydrogen gas is chemically combined with oxygen in the stack to make electric power to move the motor, and this electric power is used to drive the automobile.
In such a fuel cell vehicle, the conventional heating and cooling is performed by an air conditioner and an electric heater which generate electricity from the stack in most cases. However, since the electricity is also used as a power source for moving a vehicle, the capacity of electricity used for heating and cooling There is a disadvantage that the electric capacity used for a car is reduced.
Therefore, most of the generated electricity can be used for traveling of the vehicle only when the fuel cell vehicle can perform cooling and heating without using electricity as a power source.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve all of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an air heat exchanger using a temperature of air raised by hot water generated by cooling of a stack as a heat source and / An air conditioner of a fuel cell vehicle that performs cooling and heating operation according to various conditions such as the temperature of hot water generated in the stack and the outside temperature without using electricity by a heat pump using a plate heat exchanger used as a heat source as an evaporator .
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioner for a vehicle using a fuel cell, the air conditioner comprising: a stack for generating electricity for driving the fuel cell vehicle; An air preheater connected to receive hot water generated from the stack to supply hot water to the hot water circulation line to increase the temperature of the air; An air heat exchanger that receives the air temperature increased by the air preheater and uses the air temperature as a heat source; And a heat pump using the air heat exchanger as an evaporator, wherein the outdoor air temperature is lower than zero and the hot water temperature during driving of the stack is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, And the cooling and heating operation is performed by heat exchange between the refrigerant in the transfer line.
The heat pump preferably includes a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve connected to each other through a refrigerant transfer line together with an air heat exchanger used as an evaporator.
The hot water temperature is preferably 40 DEG C or higher.
Further, when the hot water temperature is less than a predetermined temperature in the initial driving condition of the stack while using the plate heat exchanger as an evaporator, the plate heat exchanger further includes a plate type heat exchanger connected to receive hot water generated from the stack from the hot water circulation line, The hot water for heat exchange in the plate heat exchanger is directly used as a heat source for cooling and heating operation.
The hot water temperature is preferably lower than 40 占 폚.
When the temperature of the outside air is in the range of the image temperature and the temperature of the outside air is not high and the hot water of the stack rises to the maximum temperature, the hot water in the stack, which has fallen below the predetermined temperature, is supplied to the plate heat exchanger and used as a heat source. The temperature of the hot water that is discarded when the temperature of the hot water dropped when the temperature of the hot water is dropped is supplied to the air preheater and the air heat exchanger so that the cooling and heating operation is performed by using air as the heat source, .
The outside temperature is preferably 0 to 10 ° C, the constant temperature of the hot water is lower than 40 ° C, and the maximum temperature of the hot water is 70 ° C.
The present invention also provides an air conditioner for a vehicle using a fuel cell, the air conditioner comprising: a stack for generating electricity for driving the fuel cell vehicle; A plate type heat exchanger connected to the hot water circulation line to receive hot water generated from the stack; A heat pump connected to the refrigerant transfer line using the plate heat exchanger as an evaporator; An air preheater connected to the hot water circulation line to supply hot water generated from the stack to increase the temperature of the air in the ambient air; And an air heat exchanger connected to another refrigerant transfer line branched from the refrigerant transfer line to receive the air temperature increased by the air preheater and used as a heat source, wherein the temperature of the outside air is lower than zero, Exchanging heat with the refrigerant in the plate heat exchanger by increasing the pressure of the refrigerant in the refrigerant transfer line of the plate heat exchanger when the hot water temperature is in a low temperature range of a predetermined temperature, The air conditioner exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the air heat exchanger by lowering the pressure of the refrigerant in the separate refrigerant transfer line of the exchanger so that the heat source of the air temperature increased in the air preheater is cooled and operated.
The heat pump includes a compressor, a condenser, and a first expansion valve connected to each other through a plate heat exchanger used as an evaporator and a refrigerant transfer line, and a separate refrigerant transfer line connected between the condenser and the first expansion valve And a second expansion valve connected to the second expansion valve.
It is preferable that the outside temperature not higher than a predetermined temperature is 0 ° C and the temperature range of the hot water is 20 ° C to 30 ° C.
According to the air conditioner of the fuel cell vehicle of the present invention, the air heated by the hot water generated by cooling the stack and / or a heat pump using the temperature itself of the hot water as a heat source is used for cooling and heating Thereby achieving efficient cooling and heating.
In addition, there is an effect that the cooling and heating can be performed in various cases where the temperature of the outside air is high or the temperature of the outside water including the case where the temperature of the outside air is low or the low temperature is low as well as the temperature of the hot water is high or low.
In particular, even when the temperature of the hot water due to the cooling of the stack is extremely high, it is cooled down to a predetermined temperature and used up to a temperature at which it is discarded, so that efficient energy use can be achieved.
1 is a schematic view illustrating an installation of an air conditioner of a fuel cell vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the air conditioner of the fuel cell vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating the installation of the air conditioner of the fuel cell vehicle according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an air conditioner of a fuel cell vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the installation of the air conditioner of the fuel cell vehicle according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a cycle diagram of an air conditioner of a fuel cell vehicle according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of an air conditioner of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, It is provided to inform.
1 is a schematic view illustrating an installation of an air conditioner of a fuel cell vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
1, an air conditioner of a fuel cell vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes an air heat exchanger used as an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and a
In such an air conditioner, since the air heat exchanger is used as an evaporator of a heat pump, it is necessary to generate low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant vapor by absorbing heat to evaporate the refrigerant. Therefore, since the outside air temperature can not be used when the outside air temperature is in a completely low-low volume, the heated hot water of 40 ° C or more while being cooled by the cooling water is sent to the air preheater by the hot water circulation line (2) And preheats the temperature of air, which is completely low, and supplies the temperature of the preheated air as a heat source to the air heat exchanger. In the operating environment of the fuel cell vehicle, if the outside air temperature is the image temperature, the temperature of the stack can be directly used as the heat source of the heat pump. The present invention relates to an apparatus for heating interior of a vehicle using hot water and a heat pump of a stack. That is, when the temperature of the heat source (stacked hot water) is too high in the heating of the heat pump using the hot water of the stack, it can not be used as the heat source of the heat pump. In this case, the air preheater is used, and the hot water is sent to the air preheater to raise the temperature of the outside air and the air heat exchanger installed in the heat pump performs heating using a heat pump that exchanges heat with the raised outside air. When the hot water temperature of the stack is at the middle temperature (40 ℃ or less), the refrigerant and the middle temperature water are heat-exchanged by using the plate heat exchanger, and heat is performed using the heat pump. The reason for using this method is that the temperature of the stack changes according to the operating conditions of the fuel cell vehicle, and the second is that the external environment in which the car operates is different (desert, temperate region, cold region).
2 is a cycle diagram of an air conditioner of a fuel cell vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a Mollier diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention. As described above, in the air heat exchanger as an evaporator, when the refrigerant becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant vapor with air as a heat source, And the refrigerant vapor of high temperature and high pressure is sent to the condenser to become the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant liquid. Then, the latent heat of condensation generated at this time is discharged to the high heat source to heat the vehicle, The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid is expanded by the expansion valve and is made into a refrigerant in a state of being mixed with a low-temperature and low-pressure gas and liquid in a state of no absorption and discharge of heat, It is subjected to a circulation process. In the cycle diagram of FIG. 2, the saturation curve of the refrigerant according to the refrigerant circulation process of the heat pump is also shown.
The air conditioner of the fuel cell vehicle according to the first embodiment of the present invention performs the function of cooling. The function of the air conditioner is the heat absorbed from the heat source of the air in the air heat exchanger as the evaporator in the refrigerant circulation process of the heat pump Temperature refrigerant and low-pressure refrigerant.
In the air conditioner of the first embodiment, the plate heat exchanger is provided on the
FIG. 3 is a conceptual view illustrating an installation of an air conditioner of a fuel cell vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
3, in the air conditioner of the fuel cell vehicle according to the second embodiment of the present invention, a plate-type heat exchanger used as an evaporator is connected to a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and a
In such an air conditioner, since the plate heat exchanger is used as an evaporator of a heat pump, it is necessary to make low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant vapor by absorbing heat to evaporate the refrigerant. Therefore, regardless of the outside temperature, the stack is not sufficiently heated in the initial driving condition in which the fuel cell vehicle is not driven much. Therefore, when the hot water after cooling with the cooling water becomes less than 40 ° C, The hot water itself is sent to the plate type heat exchanger by the hot water circulation line (2).
4 is a cycle diagram of an air conditioner of a fuel cell vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a Mollier diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention. As described above, in the plate-type heat exchanger as the evaporator, the refrigerant becomes the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant vapor with the hot water of the stack as the heat source, The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor is sent to the condenser to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid. The latent heat of condensation generated at this time is discharged to a high-temperature source, After that, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant liquid is expanded by the expansion valve, and is made into a refrigerant in a state of mixing with a low-temperature and low-pressure gas and liquid in the state of no absorption and discharge of heat and supplying it to the plate heat exchanger The refrigerant circulation process of the pump is performed. In the cycle diagram of FIG. 4, the saturated curve of the refrigerant according to the refrigerant circulation process of the heat pump is also shown.
The air conditioning apparatus of the fuel cell vehicle according to the second embodiment of the present invention also performs the function of cooling. The cooling function is a function of cooling the hot water generated by the cooling of the stack in the plate heat exchanger, Pressure refrigerant due to the heat absorbed from the heat source of the compressor.
In the air conditioner of the second embodiment, the air heat exchanger and the air preheater are installed on the
FIG. 5 is a conceptual view illustrating an installation of an air conditioner of a fuel cell vehicle according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 5, the air conditioner of the fuel cell vehicle according to the third embodiment of the present invention is the same as the air conditioner of the first and second embodiments, except that the air preheater, the air heat exchanger, The temperature of the cooling water for cooling the stack is fully heated in the medium-term driving condition in which the outside air temperature is relatively high within the range of 0 to 10 ° C as the image wind and the fuel cell vehicle is driven a lot, The operating condition of the heat pump is set as the operating condition. When the temperature of the hot water is maximized by the cooling of the stack, it is used as the heat source of the air heat exchanger which is the evaporator, while the hot water which is cooled and discharged to be used as the cooling water is used as the heat source of the air heat exchanger The heat pump is operated by using it as a heat source of a plate heat exchanger which is an evaporator.
6 is a cycle diagram of an air conditioner of a fuel cell vehicle according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows a Mollier diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention. As described above, the use of the air preheater, which is an evaporator, and the use of a plate heat exchanger, which is another evaporator, And the heat pump is operated. In other words, the completely heated stack is cooled by the cooling water from 70 ° C to less than 40 ° C, and the discarded heat is supplied to the air preheater so that the air temperature, which is the outside air raised by the air preheater, The heat pump including the air heat exchanger as the evaporator is operated. At the same time, hot water generated by cooling the stack, which is separated by less than 40 ° C, is used as a direct heat source, and the heat pump including the plate heat exchanger as the evaporator is operated. In the cycle diagram of FIG. 6, the saturation curve of the refrigerant according to the refrigerant circulation process of the heat pump is also shown.
The air conditioner of the fuel cell vehicle according to the third embodiment of the present invention performs the function of cooling. The function of the air conditioner is the heat absorbed from the heat source of the air in the air heat exchanger as the evaporator in the refrigerant circulation process of the heat pump Pressure refrigerant due to the heat absorbed from the heat source of the hot water generated by the cooling of the stack in the plate heat exchanger as the evaporator.
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As described above, the air conditioner of the fuel cell vehicle according to the present invention has been described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and the drawings disclosed herein, It is needless to say that various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.
1,1a, 1b:
Claims (10)
A stack for generating electricity for driving the fuel cell vehicle;
A plate type heat exchanger connected to receive hot water generated from the stack to be supplied to the first hot water circulation line;
An air preheater connected to receive hot water generated from the stack to be supplied to the second hot water circulation line to increase the temperature of air as the outside air;
An air heat exchanger for evaporating the refrigerant flowing therein using the air temperature raised by the air preheater; And
A heat pump including the air heat exchanger, the plate heat exchanger, the expansion device, the condenser, and the compressor,
The hot water generated from the stack is supplied to the plate type heat exchanger through the first hot water circulation line to evaporate the refrigerant flowing from the hot water in the plate type heat exchanger, The evaporated refrigerant passes through the condenser at a high temperature and high pressure in the compressor, performs heat operation through heat exchange with indoor air of the automobile,
When the hot water temperature during the operation of the stack is 40 degrees or more, hot water generated from the stack is supplied to the air preheater, and the air preheater increases the temperature of the outside air through the heat transfer of hot water. A refrigerant evaporated in a gaseous state is absorbed from the outside air through the air heat exchanger, and the refrigerant is supplied to the compressor. In the compressor, the refrigerant of high temperature and high pressure passes through the condenser and heat- Wherein the air conditioner comprises a plurality of fuel cells.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020150127526A KR101775441B1 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2015-09-09 | Air conditioner of fuel cell car |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020150127526A KR101775441B1 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2015-09-09 | Air conditioner of fuel cell car |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| KR20170030236A KR20170030236A (en) | 2017-03-17 |
| KR101775441B1 true KR101775441B1 (en) | 2017-09-07 |
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| KR1020150127526A KR101775441B1 (en) | 2015-09-09 | 2015-09-09 | Air conditioner of fuel cell car |
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| KR102556607B1 (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2023-07-18 | 한국자동차연구원 | Apparatus and control method of circulating drain water for fuel cell system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004042759A (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-02-12 | Hitachi Ltd | Air conditioner for automobile |
| JP2005200011A (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-07-28 | Webasto Ag | Air-conditioner to make air-conditioning with vehicle stopping |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP4728676B2 (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2011-07-20 | 富士通セミコンダクター株式会社 | Photomask manufacturing method and semiconductor device manufacturing method using the photomask |
| KR100758601B1 (en) | 2006-02-17 | 2007-09-13 | 주식회사 동호 | Reinforced earth retaining wall block |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004042759A (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-02-12 | Hitachi Ltd | Air conditioner for automobile |
| JP2005200011A (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-07-28 | Webasto Ag | Air-conditioner to make air-conditioning with vehicle stopping |
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| KR20170030236A (en) | 2017-03-17 |
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