JP2004037101A - Apparatus for measuring moisture in grain - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform highly accurate measurement by reducing the effects of moisture when single-grain moisture values served to measurement vary due to absorption of moisture or, oppositely, loss of moisture during standby for the measurement on the computation of a moisture meter installed in a grain dryer etc. <P>SOLUTION: This apparatus for measuring moisture in grain comprises a pair of electrode rolls, and converts an electrical specific value generated between the electrode rolls into a moisture value of the grain when the grain is crushed while the pair of the electrode rolls are rotated in the opposite directions. The converted moisture values of a plurality of single grains of the grain are measured. The order of measured grains is matched with the axis of abscissas, and individual converted moisture values are matched with the axis of ordinates. A means for computing a regressive equation of the converted moisture values is provided, and a control means for determining the intersection (segment) of the regressive equation with the axis of ordinates and adopting it as a mean moisture value is provided. In addition, the regression equation is computed from a plurality of results of computations, and the intersection (segment) of the regression equation with the axis of ordinates is determined and taken as a mean moisture value. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

上記のように、水分計補正温度を、検出ロール４６ａ，４６ｂの軸支部温度を検出する温度検出手段７５、水分計周囲の温度を検出する手段７６、及び穀物温度を検出する手段７７の三者から演算するよう構成することにより、前記水分計構成のようにコンパクト設計を図った場合にモータ３９駆動によって発生熱が伝導し測定回数の増加と共に電極回転軸を介して電極は温度上昇してしまい、従来のように電極温度を測定するのみでは的確な温度を把握できないため、温度補正精度が悪くなってしまう欠点がある。
【００４５】
そこで、上記のように構成すると、電極支持体（軸支持部）温度と水分計周囲温度の中間に存在する真の電極温度を簡便にとらえることができるようになり、正確な温度補正が可能となった。
また、前記の重み定数ｋ３，ｋ４，ｋ５は図１８のように穀物乾燥機の機種、型式等によって設定することとしている。乾燥機の機種、型式等によって昇降機に設置した水分計の放熱条件が異なるが、加えて遠赤外線乾燥方式、除湿乾燥方式等で穀物条件が異なるから、各温度に係る演算定数が異なる設定をすることで同一水分計で多機種に共用が可能となる。
【００４６】
なお上記の実施例では、検出ロール４６ａ，４６ｂの軸支部温度を検出する温度検出手段７５、水分計周囲の温度を検出する手段７６、及び穀物温度を検出する手段７７の三者をもって温度補正精度を向上するものとしたが、制御部３９は温度検出手段７５と穀物温度を検出する手段７７との検出結果を入力し、これらの差に応じて補正温度を演算するもよい。すなわち、上記の式、
Ｔｈ＝ｋ３×Ｔｇ＋ｋ４×Ｔｒ＋ｋ５×Ｔａ
ｋ３＋ｋ４＋ｋ５＝１
において、
Ｔｒｔ＞Ｔｇのとき、ｋ１＝０．５０〜０．８０
Ｔｒｔ≦Ｔｇのとき、ｋ１＝０．２０〜０．５０
の範囲で採用することにより、安定した温度補正を行い得る。なお、電極と穀物の間の熱移動はその方向により異なり、電極温度に比較して高い場合、電極間に把持した瞬間の穀物温度は電極から穀物への熱移動により穀温上昇が発生するが、その程度は緩やかで大きい温度上昇は生じない。反対に穀物温度が電極温度に比較して高い場合、電極間に把持した瞬間の穀物温度は、穀物から電極への熱移動により穀温低下が発生しその程度は急激で相当の温度降下を生じる。これらは互いの比熱の違いによるもので、その瞬時の穀物温度を推定するのに、両者の温度にかかる重みを変更することで簡易に安定した温度補正を行うことができる。
【００４７】
簡便に行う構成としては、制御部３９は、検出ロール４６ａ，４６ｂの軸支部温度を検出する温度検出手段７５、水分計周囲の温度を検出する手段７６からの両者の検出値を入力しておき、両検出値の中間値を温度補正に用いる構成とする方法がある。
【００４８】
図１９は外気湿度検出の構成に関する。従来外気湿度情報を乾燥制御に用いる場合（例えば特公平７−５６４２８号公報）、湿度検出手段を機外に設置すると防塵カバー等の対応が必要となってカバー内部の換気性を確保するため換気ファンを追加せざるを得なくなったり、一方乾燥機の制御盤を収容する制御ボックス内に湿度検出手段を設ける場合には周辺の機器の発熱により適切な湿度検出ができず、実験的に補正を施すが、乾燥機の設置条件、使用環境条件等により温度補償を余儀なくされる。そこで乾燥機の前記制御盤１２を収容するカバー部材としての制御ボックス８０内に設置した湿度検出手段（湿度センサ）８１の近傍温度を検出する温度検出手段（近傍温度センサ）８２を併設し、制御ボックス８０内の湿度情報を検出し、乾燥機外の外気温度検出手段（外気温度センサ）８３から得られる外気温度情報に相当する湿度に換算することによって、適切な湿度を測定させ、乾燥制御の高精度を確保するものである。８４はフィルタスクリーン、８５は制御基板である。
【００４９】
上記のため、制御ボックス８０内に湿度センサ８１を設け、その近傍に近傍温度センサ８２を併設し、この両者から制御ボックス８０内の水蒸気分圧を演算する。その際に外気温度センサ８３における飽和水蒸気圧を演算し、水蒸気分圧と飽和水蒸気圧との比から外気相対湿度を演算するものである。
【００５０】
具体的には、湿り空気線図に示されるように、環境温度に相当する飽和水蒸気圧を予めデータとして記憶し、制御ボックス８０内の温度情報から相当する飽和水蒸気圧を求め、制御ボックス８０内の湿度情報（相対湿度）を乗ずることで制御ボックス８０内の水蒸気分圧Ｐｓｂ（ｍｍＨｇ）が演算できる。次に制御ボックス８０外温度情報から相当する外気飽和水蒸気圧Ｐｓｓａ（ｍｍＨｇ）を求め、上記水蒸気分圧Ｐｓｂとの比から外気相対湿度Ｒｈａ（＝（Ｐｓｂ／Ｐｓｓａ）×１００）が演算される（図２０）。もって適切な湿度を測定することができ、乾燥制御の高精度化が達成できる。なお、ここで制御ボックス内の水蒸気量は、フィルタスクリーン８４により外部と連通しているため外気の水蒸気量と等値と推定して演算している。このような外気相対湿度の演算は、穀物乾燥機以外の各種乾燥機の湿度制御や栽培ハウス内環境制御にも応用できるものである。
【００５１】
上記の制御ボックス８０内水蒸気分圧Ｐｓｂを求め、この水蒸気分圧Ｐｓｂ情報が外気の湿度情報に相当することよりその大小に応じて乾燥温度を変更することで湿度変化に対応した乾燥速度が得られる（図２１）。
図２２は、乾燥機における湿度制御について、改良したものである。制御ボックス８０内の温度上昇によって、湿度検出値に影響があることは上記のとおりである。従って、外気湿度検出手段（外気湿度センサ）９０を上記制御ボックス８０の外側に配置し、該制御ボックス８０内の温度を検出する手段（制御ボックス内温度センサ）９１を設け、さらに乾燥機の外気温度を検出する手段（外気温度センサ）９２を設ける。そして、各センサの値を読み込み、外気温度センサ９２の検出温度と、制御ボックス内温度センサ９１の検出温度との差を求め、この差値より外気湿度の検出値を補正する構成とする。例えば、湿度センサからの入力電圧（湿度電圧）から、以下の算出式を用いて演算する。
【００５２】
湿度＝（γ×（湿度電圧＋（（外気温度−制御ボックス内温度）×δ）＋η
γ，δ，ηは定数で、γ，ηは環境条件によって決まり、δは湿度電圧の大小によって決定される。
上記のように、制御ボックス８０内外の温度差を知って検出湿度を補正することで、湿度検出精度を向上し、ひいては湿度による乾燥中の乾燥熱風温度の補正制御の精度が向上するものとなる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】穀物乾燥機の正面図である。
【図２】穀物乾燥機の正断面図である。
【図３】コントロールボックスの制御盤正面図である。
【図４】制御ブロック図である。
【図５】水分計の斜視図である。
【図６】水分計の正断面図である。
【図７】水分計の側断面図である。
【図８】水分計の背面図である。
【図９】水分計の制御ブロック図である。
【図１０】フローチャートである。
【図１１】（イ）（ロ）は測定水分の実測定値と回帰式を示すグラフである。
【図１２】フローチャートである。
【図１３】（イ）（ロ）（ハ）は相対湿度と制限測定粒数との関係を表わすグラフである。
【図１４】フローチャートである。
【図１５】フローチャートである。
【図１６】平衡水分値と検出水分値との差と制限測定粒数との関係を表わすグラフである。
【図１７】フローチャートである。
【図１８】乾燥機型式による設定定数を示すグラフである。
【図１９】制御ボックス部の概要図である。
【図２０】演算概要を示すフロー図である。
【図２１】演算概要を示すフロー図である。
【図２２】フローチャートである。
【符号の説明】
１…乾燥機枠、２…貯留室、３…乾燥室、４…集穀室、５…昇降機、６…バーナ、７…吸引ファン、８…繰出バルブ、９…下部移送装置、１０…上部移送装置、１１…拡散盤、１２…操作盤、１３…表示部、１９…（乾燥機）制御部、２０…水分計、４６ａ，４６ｂ…電極ロール、３９…（水分計）制御部[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a grain moisture measuring device that measures each single grain.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, there has been proposed a humidity correction method in which the influence of the measurement environment humidity is incorporated into an arithmetic expression (for example, JP-A-6-27062). However, in the single-grain moisture measuring device, the time of exposure to the environmental humidity to be measured is different between the first and last measured particles, and is affected by the environmental humidity every moment. Correction was not performed correctly, resulting in poor accuracy. In particular, in a single-grain moisture meter, for example, the measured values of 100 to 300 grains are averaged in order to secure the measurement accuracy, so that it takes several minutes for the measurement, so the above tendency is remarkable.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Depending on the single-grain moisture value used for measurement, the amount of fluctuation may fluctuate due to moisture absorption or reverse dehumidification during measurement standby, but the effect of this fluctuation is reduced, and it is attempted to perform highly accurate measurement. Things.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has taken the following technical measures.
That is, the invention according to claim 1 comprises a pair of electrode rolls, and crushes the cereal while rotating in opposite directions to each other, and converts a grain specific value generated between the electrode rolls into a moisture value of the cereal. A measuring device that measures the reduced moisture value of a plurality of single grains, the horizontal axis corresponds to the order of the measured grains, and the vertical axis corresponds to each reduced moisture value, and a regression equation of these reduced moisture values. Is calculated, and the grain moisture measuring apparatus is provided with a control means for finding an intersection (intercept) with the vertical axis of the regression equation and adopting it as an average moisture value.
[0005]
With this, the grain is taken in sequentially, the moisture is measured, and based on the moisture value, the abscissa is made to correspond to the measured grain order, and the ordinate is made to correspond to the detected moisture value. The point of intersection of the regression equation with the vertical axis is determined to be the average moisture value, so that the moisture condition at the initial stage of the measurement can be known.
[0006]
Further, the invention according to claim 2 comprises a pair of electrode rolls, wherein the grain is crushed while rotating in reverse to each other, and the grain moisture is converted into a moisture value of the grain from an electrical specific value generated between the electrode rolls. In the measuring apparatus, an ambient humidity detecting means in the vicinity of the apparatus is provided, and the grain moisture measuring apparatus is configured to change the number of measured grains or the measurement suspension time depending on the humidity detected by these detecting means.
[0007]
Therefore, the number of particles to be measured is set according to the detected value of the ambient humidity. However, when the humidity is outside the appropriate range and is high or low due to the relationship with the ambient humidity, the number of particles to be measured may be reduced or the measurement interval may be reduced. Is changed to reduce the number of grains to be measured, thereby reducing the influence of humidity during the measurement time.
[0008]
The invention according to claim 3 comprises a pair of electrode rolls, a grain moisture measuring device for crushing grains while rotating in opposite directions, and converting an electrical specific value generated between the electrode rolls into a moisture value of the grains. In the apparatus, an ambient temperature detecting means and an ambient humidity detecting means in the vicinity of the apparatus are provided, and an equilibrium moisture value is obtained based on the temperature and humidity detected by these detecting means, and a difference between the equilibrium moisture value and the detected moisture value is The grain moisture measuring device is configured to change the number of measured grains or the measurement suspension time to a large or small size.
[0009]
Therefore, the number of grains to be measured is set according to the difference between the equilibrium moisture value of the grain and the detected moisture value, but when the difference is large and the effect of humidity is predicted to be high, the number of grains to be measured is reduced. Also, the influence of humidity during the measurement time is reduced by reducing the number of grains to be measured by changing the measurement interval.
[0010]
【The invention's effect】
Therefore, the invention according to claim 1 obtains the intersection with the vertical axis of the regression equation and sets it as the average moisture value. Since the moisture condition at the initial stage of the measurement can be known, the state at the initial stage of the measurement can be obtained. The moisture value becomes the moisture value in a state where the influence of the humidity is small, and the accuracy of the moisture measurement can be improved.
[0011]
In the invention according to claim 2 and the invention according to claim 3, the magnitude of the influence of humidity during the measurement time can be predicted in advance, and when it is determined that the influence is large, the measurement is performed according to the degree of the influence. By setting the number of grains or changing the measurement interval, the number of grains to be measured can be limited, and the influence of moisture absorption or dehumidification during the measurement time can be reduced, and the accuracy of moisture measurement can be improved.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Reference numeral 1 denotes a machine frame of a grain drying apparatus, in which a storage chamber 2, a drying chamber 3, and a grain collecting chamber 4 are stacked in this order, and while the grains are circulated by driving an elevator 5 provided outside, a burner is provided in three drying chambers. 6 is a known form in which hot air generated by combustion and the suction fan 7 is exposed to heat and dried.
[0013]
Numeral 8 is a feeding drum which causes a predetermined amount of grain to flow down while rotating in the forward and reverse directions. Reference numeral 9 denotes a lower transfer device connected to the elevator 5, and reference numeral 10 denotes an upper transfer device connected to the upper side of the elevator 5, which can supply grains to the diffusion plate 11 above the storage chamber 2. The burner 6, the grain circulation mechanism, and the like are performed by a computer having a memory that stores a control program necessary for drying control, various data, and the like. That is, the operation panel 12 is provided with a display section 13 in the form of a liquid crystal, and along the lower edge of the display section 13, four switches 14 to 17 in the form of push buttons and an emergency stop switch 18 at a distance are provided. ing. The functions of the switches 14 to 17 are displayed on the display unit 13, and in the illustrated example, the switches 14 to 17 are configured as operation switches for intrusion, drying, discharge, and ventilation, respectively. This is a configuration that can have different functions.
[0014]
The built-in control unit receives the switch information on the operation panel 12 and the detection information from the sensors disposed in each part of the dryer frame 1 and controls the burner combustion amount and the grain circulation system based on necessary comparison calculations. , Start / stop control, display content control of the display unit 13, and the like. The switches on the operation panel 12 can set the grain type, the set moisture (finished moisture), the amount of stuffing, the increase / decrease of the timer, and the like, in addition to the setting of stuffing, drying, discharging, and ventilation.
[0015]
FIG. 5 shows a control block diagram. In addition to the setting information from the switches, the arithmetic control unit 19 of the computer built in the control box having the operation panel 12 has the moisture meter 20 detection information and the throw-out unit of the elevator 5 The grain detection information of the grain flow detector 21 to be provided, hot air temperature detection information, and the like are input. On the other hand, the output information includes a combustion system 22 signal of the burner 6, for example, a fuel supply signal, a flow rate control signal thereof, or a control signal of a grain circulation system motor 23 such as a vertical transfer spiral, an elevator 5, a delivery valve 8, a suction fan 7 motor control. There is a signal, a display output to each display unit 24, and the like.
[0016]
The lift 5 is of a bucket type, and has a structure in which a number of buckets 31, 31... Are attached to an endless belt 30 and the outer periphery is covered with a side wall 5a. Carry to 2. The front edge of the grain taking-in part 32 of the single-grain moisture meter 20 is inserted and installed close to the bucket 31 of the endless bucket belt 30 inside the front side of the side wall 5 a of the elevator 5. The starting end of the grain feed spiral 33 is viewed below the bottom outlet of the intake unit 32.
[0017]
Since the leading edge of the grain taking-in section 32 and the starting end of the grain feed spiral 33 are located inside the rising side and the falling side of the bucket endless belt 30, there is no hindrance to the movement of the belt 30 and the bucket 31. . The casing of the single moisture analyzer 20 includes a frame 34 and a cover 35 that covers the frame 34. The frame 34 includes a bottom plate 36 that extends along the side surface of the elevator 5 and separates from the elevator 5, and a partition plate 37 that is integrally erected on the bottom plate 36. , The control section 39 and the mechanism section 40 are partitioned by the partition plate 37.
[0018]
The drive shaft 41 of the motor 38 is passed through the partition plate 37 and fixed horizontally, and a helical gear 42 is fixed to the end of the drive shaft 41. The second helical gear 43a, the third helical gear 43b, the fourth helical gear 44a, and the fifth helical gear 44b are sequentially shifted downward from the helical gear 42 so that their rotation axes are aligned. It is to be engaged. The first electrode roll 46a is fixed to the shaft 45 of the fourth helical gear 44a, and the second electrode roll 46b is fixed to the shaft 47 of the fifth helical gear 44b.
[0019]
In parallel with the partition plate 37, the intermediate partition 48 and the electrode roll mounting plate 49, both of which are made of a transparent resin material, are detachably attached to the mounting legs 50, 50, which are integrally formed so as to protrude from the partition plate 37. They are fastened together with bolts (not shown). The space between the partition plate 37 and the intermediate partition 48 is ensured by the presence of the mounting leg 50, and the space between the intermediate partition 48 and the electrode roll mounting plate 49 is a narrow upright portion integrally formed with the mounting plate 49. Secured by 51. Therefore, the shaft 45 and the shaft 47 are configured such that one end is supported by the partition plate 37 and the other end is supported by the electrode roll mounting plate 49.
[0020]
Further, the rotating shaft 52 of the grain feed spiral 33 is inserted into a predetermined position of the bottom plate 36, a helical gear 53 is fixed to the rotating shaft 52, and meshes with the helical gear 42 of the drive shaft 41 at right angles. . FIG. 8 is a rear view of the single-grain moisture meter as viewed from the inside of the elevator 5. The grain take-in portion 32 projects from the bottom plate 36 into the elevator 5, and the opening edge of the upper opening 55 is inclined obliquely downward. By forming a large area and arranging a plurality of bullets in the opening 55 and fixing the root thereof, a comb-like foreign matter removing body 56 is formed.
[0021]
The lower part of the grain take-in part 32 narrows the interval in a V-shaped cross section, extends one side right above the grain feed spiral 33, and forms a bottom discharge port 57 at the lower end on the other side. The tip of the grain feed spiral 33 is connected. Then, a grain feed plate 58 having an upper edge parallel to the grain feed spiral 33 and rotatably supported on the outer side of the grain take-in section 32 is vertically provided, and is contacted with the outer periphery of the grain feed spiral 33 by a spring 59. Energize.
[0022]
A grain falling path 60 is provided below the end of the grain feed spiral 33. A grain fly-in prevention plate (not shown) is provided in a gap formed between the upper entrance of the grain falling path 60 and the grain feed plate 58 to close the gap. In the grain falling path 60, the pair of electrode rolls 46a and 46b are positioned obliquely and form a guide wall toward the approaching portion thereof, and guide the grain to the gap between the electrode rolls 46a and 46b.
[0023]
One of the electrode rolls 46a has a circular outer periphery, and the other 46b has a polygonal (for example, hexagonal) outer periphery and has a knurled outer peripheral surface.
The grain falling path 60 is formed by an intermediate partition 48 approaching the left and right sides of the electrode rolls 46a and 46b and an electrode roll mounting plate 49. In the vicinity, it is formed narrow so as to prevent intrusion of crushed grains. That is, the inner wall surfaces of the intermediate partition 48 and the electrode roll mounting plate 49 are formed in a slightly bulged shape so that the space near the crushing portion becomes narrow.
[0024]
Also, the grain feed spiral 33 forms a shallow recess 63 corresponding to one grain of grain between two linear projections on the outer periphery of the columnar body, except for a certain range of the tip of the grain feed spiral 33, The outside of the two linear projections is cut into a trapezoidal cross section to form a spiral deep groove 64.
[0025]
Numeral 65 is a discharge guide section of the crushed grains provided along the lower side of the electrode rolls 46a and 46b disposed in an inclined manner, and is configured to reduce and guide the crushed grains to the space inside the elevator. The discharge guide portion 65 is formed in the same manner as the upright portion 51 integrally formed with the electrode roll mounting plate 48.
[0026]
In the control section 39, various control circuits are configured on a circuit board 66. On the board 66, weak electric circuits up to several volts are collectively configured. On the other hand, the high-power section typified by the motor transformer 67 is configured to be supported at a position away from the substrate 66, for example, on the bottom plate 36 between the motor 38 and the control section 39.
[0027]
Reference numeral 68 denotes a harness for connecting the control unit including the operation panel 12 to the control unit 39 of the moisture meter and the motor transformer 67. The harness 68 has an opening 69 formed in the bottom plate 36, and the elevator 5 has A matching tunnel-shaped through cylinder 70 having a rectangular cross section is provided before and after the elevator 5.
[0028]
The cover 35 has an inverted dish shape, and is mounted so as to be in contact with the upper end surfaces of the partition plate 37, the intermediate partition 48, and the electrode roll mounting plate 49. The control unit 39 includes a motor 38, a control board 66, and a motor transformer 67, a transmission mechanism 40a that vertically arranges gears, and a detection mechanism 40b including a pair of electrode rolls 46a and 46b.
[0029]
The function of the control unit 39 will be described. The controller 39 outputs a moisture measurement signal at predetermined time intervals. For example, every 15 minutes. When the moisture measurement signal is output, the motor 38 is started to rotate and operate the respective units, and grain taking in is started, and an electric resistance signal for each grain is input as the moisture measurement signal. The control unit 39 converts the electric resistance signal from the measurement electrode rolls 46a and 46b into a voltage signal while inputting the electric resistance signal, and applies the following conversion formula to calculate the moisture value. That is,
M = a × Er + b + c × (Tr−To)
Here, M is a moisture value, a, b, and c are moisture conversion coefficients, Er is a detection voltage signal, Tr is an electrode temperature, and To is a reference temperature.
[0030]
The measurement for each single grain is performed continuously for, for example, 200 grains. The controller 39 compares the result with the measured grain order (single grain measurement time) on the horizontal axis (x) as shown in FIGS. And a regression equation (y = px + q) of these converted moisture values by the least squares method is obtained, and an intersection (intercept) of the regression equation with the vertical axis (y) is obtained and adopted as an average moisture value. (FIG. 10).
[0031]
For example, the condition in the case of FIG.
Rice moisture value 11.0%, outside air temperature 25 ° C, relative humidity 85%,
Average moisture value of 200 grains measured: 11.3%
While
Average moisture value by regression equation (intersection with vertical axis (y-intercept)): 11.1%
And the error decreases. By the way,
Average moisture value of 300 grains measured: 11.4%
Average moisture value of 100 grains measured: 11.2%
The smaller the number of measured grains, the closer to the actual moisture value (11.0%), but the average moisture value according to the above regression equation has a smaller error than the average moisture value of the 100 grain limit and improves the accuracy. Is seen.
[0032]
Similarly, in the case of FIG.
Conditions: paddy moisture value 15.0%, outside air temperature 25 ° C, relative humidity 40%
Average moisture value of 300 grains measured: 14.4%
Average moisture value of 100 grains: 14.5%
Average moisture value of 100 grains: 14.7%
Average moisture value by regression equation (intersection with vertical axis (y-intercept)): 14.9%
Thus, it can be seen that the error is reduced as compared with the case where the measurement is limited to 100 grains.
[0033]
Regarding FIG. 11 (a) or (b), when the gradient is abnormally large during the measurement, it is determined that moisture has been absorbed from the surrounding environment, and when the gradient is abnormally small (negative), the surrounding environment is not. The fact that moisture has been released can be displayed, and the determination of these conditions leads to an improvement in the measurement environment, leading to an improvement in reliability.
[0034]
Next, another embodiment based on FIG. 12 will be described. Reference numeral 72 denotes humidity detecting means for detecting humidity near the electrode rolls 46a and 46b, and 73 denotes temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature near the rolls. The humidity detection result is transmitted to the control unit 39, and the control unit 39 The following control is performed. That is, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 12, the ambient temperature and humidity of the moisture meter 20 are detected, and it is determined whether or not the humidity is within an appropriate range. , And a message indicating that the number of measured grains has been changed. On the other hand, if it is within the appropriate range, the process proceeds to step 113, and the moisture measurement is started. Then, when the number N of measured grains reaches a preset number N (for example, 100 grains, 200 grains, 300 grains, etc.), the average moisture value is displayed and output. The conditions for changing the number of measured particles are, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, in which the vertical axis represents the limited number of measured particles, the horizontal axis represents the relative humidity, and the limited measurement is performed in different cases depending on the difference in outside air temperature. It is a configuration that can determine the number of grains. For example, when the relative humidity falls below 50% at an outside air temperature of 10 ° C. ((a) in the figure), the limited number of measured particles is reduced from 300 to 200. If it is less than about 45%, it is limited to 100 grains. If shown in the example, in the measurement under the condition of the paddy moisture value 11.0%, the outside air temperature 25 ° C, and the relative humidity 85%,
300 grains measured Average moisture value 11.4%
200 grains measured Average moisture value 11.3%
100 grains measured Average moisture value 11.2%
The error can be eliminated by limiting the measurement to 100 grains.
[0035]
Next, FIG. 14 shows a configuration in which the measurement is interrupted. When the humidity does not fall within the proper range in step 203, the display of "impossible to measure" is displayed together with the display of improper humidity, and a stop output is outputted to the motor 38. Measurement is interrupted. In the example of FIG. 13, when the humidity is less than 40% under the condition of the outside air temperature of 10 ° C., the number of target grains is “0”, that is, the measure is interrupted as described above.
[0036]
If it shows by an experimental value, in the measurement under conditions of a paddy moisture value of 15.0%, an outside air temperature of 25 ° C, and a relative humidity of 40%,
300 grains measured Average moisture value 14.4%
200 drops Average moisture value 14.5%
Measurement of 100 grains Average moisture value 14.7%
In the case where the accuracy is 0.2% or more, the measurement is based on the reference setting of “interrupting the measurement”.
[0037]
FIG. 15 is intended to limit the number of measured grains based on the relationship between the measured moisture value M (%) and the equilibrium moisture value Me (%) of the paddy. The difference ΔM (%) between the average moisture value M (%) obtained by the measurement and the equilibrium moisture value Me (%) of the paddy due to the humidity is calculated. (For example, FIG. 16) is stored, the limited number of measured particles is determined, and the change and setting of the number of particles are performed (S315).
[0038]
In the above embodiment, the configuration is such that the number of measured particles is managed. However, when the relationship between the measurement time and the interruption (standby) time is kept constant, the configuration may be such that the interruption time is managed for a long time. The same effect as in the case where the number of grains is directly controlled is obtained.
The operation of the above example will be described. When the basic screen is called and the switch 14 is turned on, the cereal to be dried put into the hopper is put into the storage unit 2 via the elevator 5. When the insertion is completed, the stop switch 16 is turned on to temporarily stop each unit. Next, in order to shift to the drying operation, the switch 15 is turned on, the screen is switched to the grain type / drying mode setting screen, and the grain type setting switch 14 is pressed in the previous stage to set the type of the stuffed grain to soybean, and drying. Select and set the mode. The desired dry finish moisture value is set using the moisture setting function switch in the same manner on a separately provided setting screen.
[0039]
By doing so, the elevator 5 vertical transfer spiral, the delivery valve, and the like start operating, and the burner 6 is also driven to start hot air drying. Here, as for the hot air temperature, a drying speed is determined in advance for each selected grain type, and the hot air temperature is determined according to the drying speed. As the hot air flows down the grain flow path of the drying chamber 3, the hot air is generated. It acts and dries and is returned from the grain collection room 4 to the storage room 2 via the elevator 5 and undergoes the refining operation. Such circulation is repeated until the water content reaches a predetermined value.
[0040]
During the above-mentioned drying operation, moisture measurement is performed at predetermined time intervals. That is, a drive command signal is output to the motor 38 of the single-drop moisture analyzer at predetermined time intervals. Part of the grain lifted by the bucket 31 in the elevator 5 overflows and flows down, and part of the grain is received between the grain feed spiral 33 and the grain feed plate 58 via the grain take-in section 32, and one grain is received. Each time, it is introduced into the grain feed spiral 33 end side, that is, into the main body of the moisture meter. The water passes through the grain falling path 60 from the end of the grain feed spiral 3 while flowing down, and is guided between the electrode rolls 46 a and 46 b of the moisture measuring means 46. The electrode rolls 46a and 46b are rotated in the opposite directions by the rotation of the motor 38, so that the electrode rolls 46a and 46b are stopped for a predetermined short time each time the rotation sensor 71 detects the rotation, and then the rotation is repeated again. The electric resistance value is detected while pressing and flattening the grain while taking in the grain between the electrode rolls 46a and 46b, and the converted voltage value is sent to the control unit 39.
[0041]
The control unit 39 receives a converted voltage signal corresponding to the measured electric resistance value. The predetermined number of grains is averaged and displayed on the display unit 13 screen as the average moisture value of the grains.
FIG. 17 relates to the improvement of the temperature correction of the moisture meter. At the same time as the moisture measurement, the ambient temperature and humidity of the moisture meter 20 are detected, and the number of particles to be measured is set. The control unit 39 includes a temperature detection unit 75 that detects the temperature of the pivots of the detection rolls 46 a and 46 b via the direct control unit 19, a unit 76 that detects the temperature around the moisture meter, and a unit 77 that detects the grain temperature. The control unit 39 is configured to perform temperature correction using values calculated from these three values. That is, the moisture value M is
Moisture value M = a × Er + b + α (Th−T0)
It shall be calculated by Here, Er is a moisture voltage, b is a constant, α is a temperature correction coefficient (normally −0.1% / ° C.), Th is a correction temperature, and T0 is a reference temperature (normally 20 ° C.).
[0042]
Th = k1 × Tg + (1-k1) Trt
Trt = k2 × Tr + (1−k2) × Ta
Here, k1 and k2 are constants, Tg is the grain temperature, Trt is the electrode temperature, Tr is the electrode shaft support temperature, and Ta is the moisture meter ambient temperature. The value of the constant k1 varies depending on the crushing conditions of the electrode, that is, conditions such as the electrode rotation speed and the electrode gap, the specific heat of the cereal (the cereal type, the cereal moisture region), the cereal temperature, and the electrode temperature. When used in grain dryers, the grain temperature may increase by about 20 ° C above the electrode temperature, and in hulling machines and storage facilities, the electrode temperature may increase by about 10 ° C from the grain temperature, and the value to be taken is It is appropriate that k1 = 0.2 to 0.8.
[0043]
As for the constant k2, this value differs depending on the conditions for installing the moisture meter. That is, in the case of disposing the Ta in the elevator of the grain dryer as in the present embodiment, Ta is used for controlling the outside air temperature of the dryer, but when the interior of the elevator communicates with the hot air chamber, it communicates with the exhaust chamber. The heat radiation condition of the moisture meter differs depending on the type of dryer. It is considered that k2 = 0.3 to 0.7 is appropriate.
[0044]

As described above, the moisture meter correction temperature is determined by the temperature detecting means 75 for detecting the temperature of the pivots of the detection rolls 46a and 46b, the means 76 for detecting the temperature around the moisture meter, and the means 77 for detecting the grain temperature. By calculating from the above, when a compact design is designed like the moisture meter configuration, the heat generated by the drive of the motor 39 is conducted, and the temperature of the electrode rises via the electrode rotating shaft with an increase in the number of measurements. However, unlike the related art, there is a drawback that accurate temperature cannot be grasped only by measuring the electrode temperature, so that the accuracy of temperature correction deteriorates.
[0045]
Therefore, with the above configuration, the true electrode temperature existing between the electrode support (shaft support) temperature and the ambient temperature of the moisture meter can be easily obtained, and accurate temperature correction can be performed. became.
The weight constants k3, k4, and k5 are set according to the type and model of the grain dryer as shown in FIG. The heat radiation conditions of the moisture meter installed in the elevator differ depending on the model and model of the dryer, but in addition, the grain conditions are different in the far infrared drying method, dehumidifying drying method, etc., so the calculation constants related to each temperature are set differently. As a result, the same moisture meter can be shared by many models.
[0046]
In the above embodiment, the temperature correction accuracy is determined by the temperature detecting means 75 for detecting the temperature of the pivot portions of the detecting rolls 46a and 46b, the means 76 for detecting the temperature around the moisture meter, and the means 77 for detecting the grain temperature. However, the control unit 39 may input the detection results of the temperature detection unit 75 and the grain temperature detection unit 77, and calculate the correction temperature according to the difference between them. That is, the above equation,
Th = k3 × Tg + k4 × Tr + k5 × Ta
k3 + k4 + k5 = 1
At
When Trt> Tg, k1 = 0.50 to 0.80
When Trt ≦ Tg, k1 = 0.20 to 0.50
By adopting in the range, stable temperature correction can be performed. Note that the heat transfer between the electrode and the grain differs depending on the direction, and when the temperature is higher than the electrode temperature, the grain temperature at the moment of gripping between the electrodes increases the grain temperature due to the heat transfer from the electrode to the grain. However, the degree is moderate and a large temperature rise does not occur. Conversely, if the grain temperature is higher than the electrode temperature, the grain temperature at the moment of gripping between the electrodes will drop due to the heat transfer from the grain to the electrode, and the degree will be sharp, causing a considerable temperature drop . These are due to the difference in specific heat of each other. In estimating the instantaneous grain temperature, stable weight correction can be easily performed by changing the weight applied to both temperatures.
[0047]
As a simple configuration, the control unit 39 inputs both detection values from the temperature detection means 75 for detecting the temperature of the pivots of the detection rolls 46a and 46b and the means 76 for detecting the temperature around the moisture meter. There is a method in which an intermediate value between the two detected values is used for temperature correction.
[0048]
FIG. 19 relates to a configuration for detecting the outside air humidity. Conventionally, when the outside air humidity information is used for drying control (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-56428), if the humidity detecting means is installed outside the machine, it is necessary to provide a dustproof cover or the like, and ventilation is required to secure ventilation inside the cover. If a fan must be added, or if the humidity detection means is installed in the control box that houses the control panel of the dryer, appropriate humidity detection cannot be performed due to the heat generated by peripheral devices, and correction must be performed experimentally. However, temperature compensation is inevitable depending on the installation conditions of the dryer and the use environment conditions. Accordingly, a temperature detecting means (neighboring temperature sensor) 82 for detecting a temperature near a humidity detecting means (humidity sensor) 81 installed in a control box 80 as a cover member accommodating the control panel 12 of the dryer is provided in parallel with the control. By detecting the humidity information in the box 80 and converting it into humidity corresponding to the outside air temperature information obtained from the outside air temperature detecting means (outside air temperature sensor) 83 outside the dryer, an appropriate humidity is measured, and the drying control is performed. This is to ensure high accuracy. 84 is a filter screen, and 85 is a control board.
[0049]
For this reason, a humidity sensor 81 is provided in the control box 80, and a nearby temperature sensor 82 is provided in the vicinity of the humidity sensor 81, and the partial pressure of water vapor in the control box 80 is calculated from both. At that time, the saturated steam pressure in the outside air temperature sensor 83 is calculated, and the outside air relative humidity is calculated from the ratio between the steam partial pressure and the saturated steam pressure.
[0050]
Specifically, as shown in the psychrometric chart, the saturated steam pressure corresponding to the environmental temperature is stored in advance as data, and the saturated steam pressure corresponding to the temperature information in the control box 80 is obtained. By multiplying by the humidity information (relative humidity), the water vapor partial pressure Psb (mmHg) in the control box 80 can be calculated. Next, a corresponding outside air saturated steam pressure Pssa (mmHg) is obtained from the control box 80 outside temperature information, and an outside air relative humidity Rha (= (Psb / Pssa) × 100) is calculated from the ratio with the above steam partial pressure Psb ( (FIG. 20). Thus, an appropriate humidity can be measured, and high accuracy of drying control can be achieved. Here, since the amount of water vapor in the control box is communicated with the outside through the filter screen 84, the amount of water vapor is calculated by estimating it to be equal to the amount of water vapor in the outside air. Such calculation of the outside air relative humidity can be applied to humidity control of various dryers other than the grain dryer and environmental control in the cultivation house.
[0051]
The water vapor partial pressure Psb in the control box 80 is obtained, and since the water vapor partial pressure Psb information corresponds to the humidity information of the outside air, the drying temperature is changed in accordance with the humidity to obtain a drying speed corresponding to the change in humidity. (FIG. 21).
FIG. 22 shows an improved humidity control in the dryer. As described above, the rise in the temperature in the control box 80 affects the detected humidity value. Therefore, the outside air humidity detecting means (outside air humidity sensor) 90 is disposed outside the control box 80, and means (temperature sensor inside the control box) 91 for detecting the temperature inside the control box 80 is provided. A means (outside air temperature sensor) 92 for detecting a temperature is provided. Then, the value of each sensor is read, the difference between the detected temperature of the outside air temperature sensor 92 and the detected temperature of the temperature sensor 91 in the control box is obtained, and the detected value of the outside air humidity is corrected based on the difference value. For example, it is calculated from the input voltage (humidity voltage) from the humidity sensor using the following calculation formula.
[0052]
Humidity = (γ x (humidity voltage + ((outside air temperature-temperature in control box) x δ) + η)
γ, δ, η are constants, γ, η are determined by environmental conditions, and δ is determined by the magnitude of the humidity voltage.
As described above, by detecting the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the control box 80 and correcting the detected humidity, the humidity detection accuracy is improved, and thus the accuracy of the correction control of the dry hot air temperature during drying by humidity is improved. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a grain dryer.
FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of the grain dryer.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a control panel of a control box.
FIG. 4 is a control block diagram.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the moisture meter.
FIG. 6 is a front sectional view of the moisture meter.
FIG. 7 is a side sectional view of the moisture meter.
FIG. 8 is a rear view of the moisture meter.
FIG. 9 is a control block diagram of the moisture meter.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart.
FIGS. 11A and 11B are graphs showing actual measured values of measured water and regression formulas.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart.
13 (a), (b) and (c) are graphs showing the relationship between relative humidity and the number of particles to be measured.
FIG. 14 is a flowchart.
FIG. 15 is a flowchart.
FIG. 16 is a graph showing a relationship between a difference between an equilibrium moisture value and a detected moisture value and a limited number of measured grains.
FIG. 17 is a flowchart.
FIG. 18 is a graph showing setting constants according to a dryer model.
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a control box unit.
FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing an outline of calculation.
FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing an outline of calculation.
FIG. 22 is a flowchart.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Dryer frame, 2 ... Storage room, 3 ... Drying room, 4 ... Grain collecting room, 5 ... Elevator, 6 ... Burner, 7 ... Suction fan, 8 ... Feeding valve, 9 ... Lower transfer device, 10 ... Upper transfer Apparatus, 11: Diffusion board, 12: Operation panel, 13: Display unit, 19: (Dryer) control unit, 20: Moisture meter, 46a, 46b: Electrode roll, 39: (Moisture meter) control unit

Claims (3)

A grain moisture measuring device comprising a pair of electrode rolls, crushing grains while rotating in opposite directions to each other, and converting the electrical specific value generated between the electrode rolls into a moisture value of the grain, comprising a plurality of single grain grains. The converted moisture value is measured, and the horizontal axis corresponds to the measured grain order and the vertical axis corresponds to each converted moisture value, and means for calculating a regression equation of these reduced moisture values is provided. A grain moisture measuring device including a control unit that obtains an intersection (intercept) with a vertical axis and adopts an average moisture value. A cereal moisture measuring device that consists of a pair of electrode rolls, crushes grains while rotating in opposite directions, and converts the electrical specific value generated between the electrode rolls into the moisture value of the cereals. A grain moisture measuring device having means for changing the number of measured grains or the measurement interruption time depending on the humidity detected by these detecting means. A cereal moisture measuring device that consists of a pair of electrode rolls, crushes the grain while rotating in opposite directions, and converts the electrical specific value generated between the electrode rolls into the moisture value of the cereal. Means and ambient humidity detecting means are provided, and an equilibrium moisture value is obtained from the temperature and humidity detected by these detecting means. Grain moisture measurement device configured to be changed to

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