JP4320881B2 - Grain moisture measuring device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a grain moisture measuring device used for a grain dryer or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Conventionally, it is a moisture meter that is mounted on a lifting machine such as a grain dryer and takes in the whole grains, and for example, 100 forms of moisture are measured and the ratio of immature grains and straw is calculated. Yes (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-5509).
[0003]
By the way, in the form described in the above publication, since the ratio is the ratio of the high moisture content data number exceeding the predetermined deviation width to the preset total sample data number, the total sample data number is naturally limited to 100 grains or the like. Occurs. Therefore, variation occurs for each measurement performed at predetermined time intervals.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
This invention is a detection mechanism provided with a pair of electrode rolls ( 46a, 46b ) that crushes the grains supplied from a grain feeding mechanism such as a grain feed spiral ( 33 ) into individual grains and outputs the electrical signals. part (40b), the control circuit section (39) grain moisture measuring apparatus comprising a which processes the electrical signal is converted to a water content, to the control circuit unit (39), number of grains classified each preset to Normalization processing means for obtaining a frequency distribution based on each measured moisture value and normalizing the frequency distribution, and sequentially obtaining the normalized frequency distribution according to the progress of grain drying, and accumulating these normalized frequency distributions And accumulating processing means.
[0005]
The invention described in claim 2 is a product in which the frequency distribution obtained as a result of the cumulative processing means is used as basis data for calculating the ratio of sized, unripe, or wrinkles. Further, the number of times of accumulation by the accumulation processing means is configured to be sequentially stacked with the progress of drying, or is determined according to the amount of grain to be laid.
[0006]
[Effects of the invention]
For example, during the drying process, moisture is calculated for each predetermined number of grains, and the original data is normalized. Accumulation processing is performed while performing normalization processing for each moisture measurement sequentially executed at predetermined time intervals, and the moisture distribution at the time point can be expressed.
[0007]
By performing the process of performing the accumulation process in order while normalizing the original data, the classification of the boundary between the sized particle and the blue immature particle or cocoon can be executed with high accuracy, and the ratio calculation accuracy is also increased.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a machine frame of a grain drying device, which is stacked in the order of a storage chamber 2, a drying chamber 3, and a grain collection chamber 4, and burners in the drying chamber 3 while circulating grains by driving an elevator 5 provided outside. 6 is a publicly known form in which hot air generated by the combustion and the suction fan 7 is bathed and dried.
[0009]
A predetermined amount of grain 8 flows down while rotating forward and reverse by a feeding drum 8. Reference numeral 9 denotes a lower transfer device that communicates with the elevator 5, and 10 denotes an upper transfer device that is connected to the upper side of the elevator 5, and can supply grains to the diffusion plate 11 at the upper part of the storage chamber 2. The burner 6 and the grain circulation mechanism are performed by a computer having a memory for storing a control program necessary for drying control, various data, and the like. That is, the operation panel 12 is provided with a liquid crystal display unit 13, and four push button switches 14 to 17 and an emergency stop switch 18 are arranged slightly apart along the lower edge of the display unit 13. ing. The functions of the switches 14 to 17 are displayed on the display unit 13. In the example shown in the figure, the switches 14 to 17 are configured as operation switches for stretching, drying, discharging, and ventilation in order. This is a configuration that can have different functions.
[0010]
The built-in control unit receives the switch information on the operation panel 12 surface and the detection information from the sensors installed in each part of the dryer machine frame 1 and controls the burner combustion amount, grain circulation system based on the necessary comparison calculation. Start / stop control, display content control of the display unit 13 and the like. The switches on the operation panel 12 can set grain type, set moisture (finishing moisture), amount of penetration, timer increase / decrease, etc., in addition to each setting of tension / dry / discharge / ventilation.
[0011]
FIG. 5 is a control block diagram. In addition to the setting information from the switches, the calculation control unit 19 of the computer built in the control box having the operation panel 12 includes the moisture meter 20 detection information and the throwing unit of the elevator 5. Grain detection information, hot air temperature detection information, and the like of the provided grain flow detector 21 are input. On the other hand, the output information includes a combustion system signal of the burner 6, for example, a fuel supply signal, a flow rate control signal thereof, or a vertical circulation spiral, a grain circulation system motor control signal such as an elevator 5 and a feed valve 8, a suction fan 7 motor control signal, There is a display output to each display unit.
[0012]
The elevator 5 is a bucket type, and has a structure in which a large number of buckets 31, 31... Are attached to an endless belt 30, and the outer periphery is covered with a side wall 5 a. Carry to 2. Inside the front side of the side wall 5a of the elevator 5 is installed by inserting the front edge of the grain intake portion 32 of the single-grain moisture meter 20 to the vicinity of the bucket 31 of the endless belt 30 for buckets. Below the bottom discharge port of the take-in portion 32, the start end of the grain feed spiral 33 is looked over.
[0013]
Since the leading edge of the grain take-in portion 32 and the start end of the grain feed spiral 33 are located on the inside of the bucket endless belt 30 on the rising side and the descending belt side, there is no hindrance to the movement of the belt 30 and the bucket 31. . The housing of the single moisture meter includes a frame 34 and a cover 35 that covers the frame 34. The frame 34 includes a bottom plate 36 that divides the elevator 5 along the side surface of the elevator 5, and a partition plate 37 that stands integrally on the bottom plate 36. A motor 38 that is assembled to the frame 34. The control unit 39 and the mechanism unit 40 are partitioned by the partition plate 37.
[0014]
A drive shaft 41 of a motor 38 is passed through the partition plate 37 and fixed horizontally, and a helical gear 42 is fixed to the tip of the drive shaft 41. The helical gear 42 is a gear in which the second helical gear 43 and the third helical gear 44 are sequentially meshed in the lower order by aligning the rotational axis. The first electrode roll 46 a is fixed to the shaft 45 of the second helical gear 43, and the second electrode roll 46 b is fixed to the shaft 47 of the third helical gear 44.
[0015]
In parallel with the partition plate 37, both the intermediate partition 48 made of a transparent resin material and the electrode roll mounting plate 49 are detachably attached to mounting legs 50, 50, which are integrally formed so as to protrude from the partition plate 37. They are fastened together with bolts (not shown). The interval between the partition plate 37 and the intermediate partition 48 is ensured by the presence of the mounting leg portion 50, and the interval between the intermediate partition 48 and the electrode roll mounting plate 49 is a narrow upright portion integrally formed with the mounting plate 49. Secure by 51. Accordingly, the shaft 45 and the shaft 47 are configured such that one end is supported by the partition plate 37 and the other end is supported by the electrode roll mounting plate 49.
[0016]
Further, the rotary shaft 52 of the grain feed spiral 33 is inserted into a predetermined position of the bottom plate 36, and a helical gear 53 is fixed to the rotary shaft 52, and meshes with the helical gear 42 of the drive shaft 41 at a right angle. . FIG. 8 is a rear view of the single-grain moisture meter as seen from the inside of the elevator 5, and the grain taking-in portion 32 protrudes into the elevator 5 from the bottom plate 36, and the opening edge of the upper opening 55 is inclined obliquely downward. The comb-like foreign matter removing body 56 is formed by forming a large area and arranging a plurality of bullets in the opening 55 and fixing the roots thereof.
[0017]
The lower part of the grain intake part 32 narrows the interval in a V-shaped cross section, extends one side to the position just above the grain feed spiral 33, forms a bottom outlet 57 at the lower end on the other side, The tip of the grain feeding spiral 33 is connected. Then, a grain feed plate 58 that is parallel to the grain feed spiral 33 and whose upper edge is rotatably supported on the outside of the grain take-in portion 32 is suspended, and a spring 59 is in contact with the outer periphery of the grain feed spiral 33. Energize.
[0018]
A grain dropping path 60 is provided below the terminal end of the grain feeding spiral 33. A grain jump prevention plate (not shown) is installed in a gap formed between the upper entrance of the grain dropping path 60 and the grain feeding plate 58 to close the gap. In the grain dropping path 60, the first and second electrode rolls 46a and 46b are obliquely formed to form a guide wall toward the approaching parts, and the grain is guided to the gap between the electrode rolls 46a and 46b. . The grain dropping path 60 is formed by an intermediate partition 48 approaching the left and right of the electrode rolls 46a and 46b and the electrode roll mounting plate 49, and the interval between them is a crushing portion formed by both electrode rolls 46a and 46b. In the vicinity, it is narrowly formed to prevent the intrusion of crushed grains. That is, the inner wall surfaces of the intermediate partition 48 and the electrode roll mounting plate 49 are formed in a slightly bulging shape so that the interval near the crushing portion is narrowed.
[0019]
In addition, the grain feeding spiral 33 forms a shallow concave portion 63 corresponding to one grain of grain between two linear protrusions 62 on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body, except for a certain range at the tip of the grain feeding spiral 33. The outer sides of the two linear protrusions 53 are cut into a trapezoidal cross section to form a spiral deep groove 64.
[0020]
65 is a discharge guide part of the crushed grain provided along the lower side of the electrode rolls 46a, 46b disposed in an inclined manner, and this crushed grain is reduced and guided to the elevator space. The discharge guide portion 65 is formed in the same manner as the upright portion 51 formed integrally with the electrode roll mounting plate 48.
[0021]
By the way, the electrode rolls 46a and 46b are for subjecting the surface to a regular oblique knurling process for grain crushing, but are not subjected to the end face cutting process in the axial direction, and are located on the end face side. Processing and assembly to the shaft are performed so that the left and right rolls 46a and 46b come into contact with each other at the top end lines, that is, the apexes p, p... Are formed along the outermost line L. By doing so, it is very convenient for checking whether the left and right roll gaps are appropriate.
[0022]
The control unit 39 constitutes various control circuits on the circuit board 66, and the board 66 is configured with a weak electric circuit up to several volts as a whole. On the other hand, the high power unit represented by the motor transformer 67 is configured to be supported on the bottom plate 36 between the motor 38 and the control unit 39 at a position away from the substrate 66, for example.
[0023]
Reference numeral 68 denotes a harness for connecting the controller having the operation panel 12 to the moisture meter control circuit 39 and the motor transformer 67. The harness 69 forms an opening 69 in the bottom plate 36, and the elevator 5 has a single opening 69. In addition, a tunnel-shaped through cylinder 70 having a rectangular cross section is provided across the elevator 5.
[0024]
The cover 35 has an inverted dish shape, and is attached so as to be in contact with the upper end surfaces of the partition plate 37, the intermediate partition 48, and the electrode roll mounting plate 49. The motor 38, the control board 66, and the motor transformer 67 are divided into a control unit 39, a transmission mechanism unit 40a that arranges gears up and down, and a detection mechanism unit 40b that includes a pair of electrode rolls 46a and 46b.
[0025]
The function of the control unit 39 will be described. A moisture measurement signal is output from the control unit 39 at predetermined time intervals. For example, every 15 minutes. When the moisture measurement signal is output, the motor 38 is activated to rotate and link each part, the grain intake starts, and the electrical signal for each grain is input. The controller 39 processes each of these electric signals and stores them as a moisture value signal. When an electrical signal of a predetermined number of grains, for example, 100 grains is input, first, upper and lower limit cut processing is performed to remove noise and abnormal grain signals. This upper and lower limit cut processing can be executed by determining, for example, an upper limit cut threshold moisture value (= MH) and a lower limit cut threshold moisture value (= ML) from the average moisture value X and standard deviation σ of 100 grains. If MH = average moisture value X + 3 × standard deviation σ and ML = average moisture value X−1.1 × standard deviation σ, the incorporated grains M satisfy ML <M <MH. After the calculation as described above, normalization processing by normalization means is performed. In this normalization process, when a single grain moisture value x, an average moisture value x, and a standard deviation σ, a value obtained by gradually grading the difference (x−X) between the single grain moisture value and the average moisture value by the standard deviation σ (= u)). That is, the normalization state of the average value “0” and the standard deviation “1” is obtained (for example, FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C).
[0026]
The upper and lower limit cut processing and normalization processing are performed on 100 grains when the next measurement signal is output in the same manner. When a certain moisture drying is used as a sample and the detected moisture value is represented on the horizontal axis and the frequency is represented on the vertical axis, the moisture measurement distribution in the initial stage of drying, during drying, and finishing is as shown in FIG. It moves to the low moisture side. FIG. 13A shows a result obtained by accumulating the first to n-th times and gradually increasing the value by “n” while performing the above-described upper and lower limit cut processing and normalization processing (accumulation processing). Cases with different origins and varieties are represented as shown in FIGS.
[0027]
Based on the frequency distribution thus obtained, the ratio of blue immature grains and the percentage of wrinkles can be calculated. For example, in a normalized and cumulative frequency distribution, the frequency a determined experimentally in advance is used as a reference line, and the frequency portion lower than the reference line in each of the high moisture region and the low moisture region is used. The ratio of the total α or β to the total frequency N is defined as the blue immature grain ratio RA or the wrinkle ratio RS.
[0028]
That is, RA = (α / N) × 100 (%), RS = (β / N) × 100 (%). Of the series of normalization and accumulation processes, in the accumulation process, the accumulation number is sequentially stacked from the first time as the drying progresses. However, the accumulation number may be set as follows. That is, it is a form which calculates | requires the frequency | count of accumulation by the grain amount-accumulation frequency relationship graph (FIG. 14) set beforehand based on the detection result from the tension amount sensor comprised separately. When configured in this way, the number of accumulations can be set according to the size of the kernel, and there is no risk that the entire dryer can not be measured if the number of accumulations is small despite the large amount of kernels. As a result, determination accuracy can be improved. The insertion amount data may be manually set data by visual confirmation. In addition to these, a cumulative number of times may be set in advance.
[0029]
Regardless of which accumulation process is performed, the accuracy of calculating the ratio of blue immature grains and the percentage of wrinkles obtained as a result is extremely high. The support is shown in FIG. That is, the accuracy can be measured by comparing the result of the blue immature grains measured by an appearance quality measuring device (not shown) with the result of normalization and accumulation processing according to the present embodiment. In the figure, the horizontal axis shows the number of measurements, and the vertical axis shows the “difference” between the calculated ratio value according to this example and the calculated value by the appearance quality measuring device, the true blue immature grain ratio (≈ detected value of the appearance quality measuring device). The value is slow (× 100%). The solid line in the figure relates to the value after the normalization and accumulation process according to the example, and it was found that it almost coincided with the result of the appearance quality measuring device.
[0030]
In addition, although the broken line in the figure is a comparison with the result of only the normalization process, it fluctuates greatly up and down and the accuracy of the roughness cannot be denied. In this way, the normal data is normalized, and the accumulation process is performed in order, so that the classification of the boundary between the sized particle and the blue immature particle or cocoon can be performed with high accuracy, and each ratio calculation accuracy is also increased. .
[0031]
The operation of the above example will be described. When the basic screen is called and the switch 14 is turned ON, the grain to be dried put into the hopper is stuck into the storage unit 2 through the elevator 5. When the insertion is completed, the stop switch 16 is turned on to temporarily stop each part. Next, the switch 15 is turned on to shift to the drying operation, the screen is switched to the grain type / drying mode setting screen, the grain type setting switch 14 is pressed in the preceding stage to set the type of the overhanging grain, and the drying mode is set. Select and set. The desired dry finish moisture value is set with the moisture setting function switch in the same manner on a separate setting screen.
[0032]
By doing so, the elevator 5 up / down transfer spiral, the feeding valve and the like start operation, and the burner 6 is also driven to start hot air drying. Here, the hot air temperature is determined in advance for each selected grain type, and the hot air temperature is determined according to the drying speed, and the hot air is flowing down the grain flow path of the drying chamber 3. It acts and dries, and returns to the storage chamber 2 from the cereal collection chamber 4 through the elevator 5 and undergoes a tempering operation. Such circulation is repeated until the predetermined moisture is reached.
[0033]
During the drying operation, moisture measurement is performed at predetermined time intervals. That is, a drive command signal is output to the single moisture meter motor 38 at predetermined time intervals. A part of the grain scraped up by the bucket 31 in the elevator 5 overflows and a part of the grain is received between the grain feeding spiral 33 and the grain feeding plate 58 via the grain taking-in part 32, and one grain. Each time it is introduced into the grain feed spiral 33 end side, that is, into the moisture meter body. It passes through the grain drop path 60 from the end of the grain feed spiral 3 and is guided between the electrode rolls 46a and 46b. The electrode rolls 46a and 46b rotate in the opposite directions, and the electric resistance value is detected while crushing while taking in the grains. In the control circuit unit 39, an electric signal corresponding to an electric resistance value of a predetermined number of grains, for example, 100 grains, is input. In the control circuit unit 39, the normalization process and the accumulation process described above are performed, and the average moisture value of the grains is displayed and output on the display unit 13 screen, and at the same time, the ratio of blue immature grains and the percentage of wrinkles are obtained.
[0034]
Drying control is performed based on the frequency distribution table based on the normalization process and the accumulation process. For example, in the frequency distribution represented as A, B or C in FIG. 13, the ratio of the + (plus) side frequency and the − (minus) side frequency is calculated, and the ventilation at the initial stage of drying is calculated based on the calculation result. In this configuration, the necessity of drying is determined. Whether {(+ (plus) side frequency) / (− (minus) side frequency)} × 100 (%) exceeds or falls below N determines whether or not the air drying is necessary. When N exceeds N, the dispersion-resolving drying operation is not necessary. For example, it is determined that “ventilation drying is unnecessary”, and conversely, when it is less than N%, it is determined that “ventilation drying is necessary”. N is set to “1”, for example.
[0035]
In addition, what is shown in FIG. 17 is to superimpose a preset reference frequency distribution on the frequency distribution based on the normalization process and the accumulation process, and determines whether to perform so-called ventilation drying based on the magnitude of the error between the two. is there. That is, since normality can be estimated, highly accurate drying control operation can be performed. Here, in setting the reference frequency distribution, there are various methods such as a method in which the peak value of the accumulated frequency distribution is translated so as to coincide with the average value “0”.
[0036]
As described above, the blue immature grain ratio and the wrinkle ratio with high accuracy can be calculated by normalization and accumulation processing, but the blue immature grain ratio can be calculated from the normalized state of FIGS. 11 (a), (b), and (c). You can get an overview of That is, in FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C, it is easy to know that the ratio of blue immature grains is in the relationship of (a) <(b) <(c). It is equivalent to comparing the frequency of the series “0” of the generalized frequency distribution. In other words, only by calculating the frequency of the series “0” block, it is possible to display “large”, “normal”, “low”, etc., for the blue immature grains by comparison with the preset frequency stored in the control device in advance. However, since the above configuration does not require a complicated calculation formula, display output is performed quickly and easily, which is convenient.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a grain dryer.
FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of a grain dryer.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a moisture meter.
FIG. 4 is a front view of the control box of the control box.
FIG. 5 is a control block diagram.
FIG. 6 is a front sectional view of a moisture meter.
FIG. 7 is a side sectional view of the above.
FIG. 8 is a rear view of the above.
FIG. 9 is a plan view of an electrode roll.
FIG. 10 is an enlarged side view of a knurled portion of an electrode roll.
FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C are examples of moisture distribution subjected to normal processing. FIGS.
FIG. 12 is an example of moisture distribution based on original data.
FIG. 13 is an example of a frequency distribution that has been normalized and accumulated.
FIG. 14 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the amount of pasting and the cumulative number of times.
FIG. 15 is a comparison diagram with an appearance quality measuring device.
FIG. 16 is a flowchart.
FIG. 17 shows examples of frequency distributions that have been normalized and accumulated.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Dryer frame, 2 ... Storage room, 3 ... Drying room, 4 ... Grain collection room, 5 ... Elevator, 6 ... Burner, 7 ... Suction fan, 8 ... Feeding valve, 9 ... Lower transfer device, 10 ... Upper transfer Device: 11 ... Diffusion plate, 12 ... Control panel, 13 ... Display, 14-17 ... Switch, 18 ... Emergency stop switch, 19 ... Calculation control unit, 20 ... Moisture meter, 30 ... Endless belt, 31 ... Bucket, 32 ... Grain uptake part, 33 ... Grain feed spiral, 34 ... Frame, 35 ... Cover, 36 ... Bottom plate, 37 ... Partition plate, 38 ... Motor, 39 ... Control part, 40 ... Mechanism part, 41 ... Drive shaft, 42 ... helical gear, 43 ... helical gear, 44 ... helical gear, 45 ... shaft, 46a ... first electrode roll, 46b ... second electrode roll, 47 ... shaft, 48 ... intermediate partition, 49 ... electrode Roll mounting plate, 50 ... Mounting leg, 51 ... Standing part, 52 ... Rotating shaft, 53 ... Gears, 55 ... openings, 56 ... foreign material removal bodies, 57 ... bottom outlets, 58 ... grain feed plates, 59 ... springs, 60 ... grain drop paths, 61 ... grain jump prevention plates, 62 ... linear Projection, 63 ... recess, 64 ... deep groove, 65 ... discharge guide, 66 ... circuit board

Claims (4)

Detection mechanism part ( 40b ) provided with a pair of electrode rolls ( 46a, 46b ) that crushes the grains supplied from a grain feeding mechanism such as a grain feed spiral ( 33 ) into individual grains and outputs an electrical signal thereof , electric in processing the electrical signal grain moisture measuring apparatus comprising a control circuit unit for converting the water content value (39) and, to the control circuit unit (39) is preset number of grains classified per each measurement moisture content Normalization processing means for obtaining a frequency distribution based on the frequency and normalizing the frequency distribution, and cumulative processing means for sequentially obtaining the normalized frequency distribution according to the progress of grain drying and accumulating the normalized frequency distribution A grain moisture measuring device comprising:   A grain moisture measuring device using the frequency distribution obtained as a result of the accumulation processing means in claim 1 as basis data for calculating the ratio of sized, unripe, or cocoon.   2. A grain moisture measuring device configured to pile up the cumulative number of times by the cumulative processing means in claim 1 as the drying progresses.   The grain moisture measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the number of times of accumulation by the accumulation processing means is determined by the amount of grain to be embedded.

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