JP2004035725A - Rubber composition having improved frictional force on ice and pneumatic tire using the same - Google Patents

Rubber composition having improved frictional force on ice and pneumatic tire using the same Download PDF

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JP2004035725A
JP2004035725A JP2002194923A JP2002194923A JP2004035725A JP 2004035725 A JP2004035725 A JP 2004035725A JP 2002194923 A JP2002194923 A JP 2002194923A JP 2002194923 A JP2002194923 A JP 2002194923A JP 2004035725 A JP2004035725 A JP 2004035725A
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Prior art keywords
rubber
ice
rubber composition
thermoplastic resin
diene
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JP2002194923A
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JP4064744B2 (en
Inventor
Yoichi Yamaguchi
山口 洋一
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Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd
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Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rubber composition exhibiting excellent effects for removing water screen on ice, and preventing a cohesive frictional force on the ice from being reduced with time. <P>SOLUTION: The rubber composition contains (A) a rubber matrix containing at least one kind selected from a natural rubber and a dienic synthetic rubber, (B) thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particles and (C) a non-diene rubber. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はゴム組成物に関し、更に詳しくはゴムマトリックスに熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子及び非ジエン系ゴムを配合した氷上摩擦力が改良されたゴム組成物及びそれを用いた空気入りタイヤに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
空気入りタイヤの氷上摩擦力を向上させるために熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子を配合してタイヤトレッド部の表面に凹部を形成させる手法が提案されているが、この方法にはゴムの見かけの硬さが増加するという問題がある。一方、氷上における凝着摩擦力を向上させるために、マトリックスゴムを低硬度化することが効果がある。トレッドゴムの低硬度化手法としてオイル配合量を増加させた場合には、経時的に硬度変化が大きくなって凝着摩擦力が次第に低下していくという問題がある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的は、氷上の水膜除去効果に優れると共に、氷上における凝着摩擦力の経時的な低下を抑制することのできるゴム組成物及びそれを用いた空気入りタイヤを提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に従えば、(A)天然ゴム及びジエン系合成ゴムから選ばれた少なくとも1種からなるゴム成分を含むゴムマトリックス並びに(B)熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子及び(C)非ジエン系ゴムを含んでなるゴム組成物が提供される。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明によれば、加硫時の熱により加硫ゴム中に独立した空洞部を形成することができる熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子と、加硫ゴム硬度の経時変化を抑制することができる非ジエン系ゴムの双方をゴムマトリックス中に配合することにより、氷上の水膜除去効果と凝着摩擦力の経時的な低下を抑制することができ、氷上摩擦力の一層の向上をはかることができる。
【0006】
本発明に従ったゴム組成物にマトリックスとして配合する天然ゴム及びジエン系合成ゴム(A)は従来からゴム組成物、特に空気入りタイヤに汎用されている任意のゴムとすることができ、ジエン系合成ゴムとしては、例えば各種ブタジエンゴム(BR)、各種スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体ゴム(SBR)、ポリイソプレンゴム(IR)、アクリロニトリルブタジエンゴム(NBR)、クロロプレンゴム(CR)、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエン共重合体ゴム(EPDM)、スチレン−イソプレン共重合体ゴム、スチレン−イソプレン−ブタジエン共重合体ゴム、イソプレン−ブタジエン共重合体ゴム等が挙げられる。これらのゴム及び天然ゴム(NR)は、単独又は混合物として用いられる。特にタイヤトレッドとして使用する場合には、その低転動抵抗と耐摩耗性、低温性能を両立させて向上させるために、ガラス転移温度(Tg)が平均値で−55℃以下のものを使用することが好ましく、更に好ましいTgは平均値で−60〜−100℃である。
【0007】
本発明において使用する熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子(B)は、熱により気化、分解又は化学反応して気体を発生する液体又は固体を熱可塑性樹脂に内包した、熱膨張開始温度が70℃以上120℃未満でかつゴムの加硫に耐える耐熱性を有する熱可塑性樹脂からなる熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子で、膨張開始温度以上の温度、通常150〜180℃の温度で加熱して膨張する。
【0008】
本発明に従った加硫ゴム中の熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子(B)の中空状空洞部分がゴムに占める体積比率は、好ましくは2〜40%、更に好ましくは5〜35%、特に好ましくは10〜30%、最も好ましくは10〜25%である。この体積比率が小さ過ぎると、氷上摩擦力が十分に向上しない。逆に大き過ぎると耐摩耗性が著しく悪化し、実用性に欠くおそれがあるので好ましくない。
【0009】
前記熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子(膨張性粒子)としては、例えば松本油脂製薬株式会社製のマツモトマイクロスフェアーF85等やエクスパンセル社製のエクスパンセル092DU120などの市販品を用いることができる。
【0010】
前記熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子の外殻成分を構成する熱可塑性樹脂は、その膨張開始温度が70℃以上120℃未満でかつゴムの加硫に耐える耐熱性を有するものが好ましい。そのような熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリロニトリルの重合体、また(メタ)アクリロニトリル含有量の高い共重合体が好適に用いられる。その共重合体の場合の相手側モノマー(コモノマー)としては、ハロゲン化ビニル、ハロゲン化ビニリデン、スチレン系モノマー、(メタ)アクリレート系モノマー、酢酸ビニル、ブタジエン、ビニルピリジン、クロロプレン等のモノマーが用いられる。なお、上記の熱可塑性樹脂は、ジビニルベンゼン、エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、1,3−ブチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、アリル(メタ)アクリレート、トリアクリルホルマール、トリアリルイソシアヌレート等の架橋剤で架橋可能にされていてもよい。架橋形態については、未架橋が好ましいが、熱可塑性樹脂としての性質を損わない程度に部分的に架橋していてもかまわない。
【0011】
前記の熱により気化、分解又は化学反応して気体を発生する液体又は固体としては、例えば、n−ペンタン、イソペンタン、ネオペンタン、ブタン、イソブタン、ヘキサン、石油エーテルの如き炭化水素類、塩化メチル、塩化メチレン、ジクロロエチレン、トリクロロエタン、トリクロルエチレンの如き塩素化炭化水素のような液体、または、アゾジカーボンアミド、ジニトロソペンタメチレンテトラミン、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、トルエンスルホニルヒドラジド誘導体、芳香族スクシニルヒドラジド誘導体のような固体が挙げられる。
【0012】
本発明に係るゴム組成物に配合する前記熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子(膨張性粒子)(B)の配合量は、ゴム成分(A)100重量部に対し、3〜20重量部であり、5〜10重量部が更に好ましい。この配合量が少な過ぎると所望の効果が得られず、逆に多過ぎると耐摩耗性が著しく悪化するので好ましくない。
【0013】
本発明に従ったゴム組成物は加硫時の熱により加硫ゴム中に独立した空洞部を形成させることが可能な熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子をゴムに配合することで、加硫ゴム中に形成される独立した空洞部により氷上の水膜除去効果を発揮することができる。
【0014】
本発明に従ったゴム組成物に配合される非ジエン系ゴム(C)は加硫ゴム中に存在して加硫ゴムの硬度の経時的上昇を抑えて氷上における凝着摩擦力の低下を抑制するためとし、前記熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子の配合による氷上の水膜除去効果と相まって両者の併用による空気入りタイヤの氷上摩擦力の一層の向上に大きく寄与する。
【0015】
前記非ジエン系ゴム(C)としては、例えばエチレンと他のオレフィン系炭化水素との共重合体ゴム、具体的にはエチレンプロピレンゴム、エチレンブテンゴムなどをあげることができる。他の非ジエン系ゴムといえば、例えばフッ素ゴム、シリコンゴム、アクリルゴムなどを用いることができる。
【0016】
本発明に係るゴム組成物に配合する非ジエン系ゴム(C)の配合量は、ゴム成分(A)100重量部に対し、3〜20重量部、好ましくは3〜15重量部である。この配合量が少な過ぎると所望の効果が得られず、逆に多過ぎると耐摩耗性が悪化するので好ましくない。
【0017】
本発明のゴム組成物には、上記必須成分(A)、(B)及び(C)以外に、常法に従って、カーボンブラックなどの補強剤、架橋剤、架橋促進剤、架橋活性化剤、老化防止剤、活性剤、プロセスオイル、可塑剤、滑剤、充填剤などの一般的な配合剤をそれぞれ必要量配合することができる。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下、実施例によって本発明を更に説明するが、本発明の範囲をこれらの実施例に限定するものでないことはいうまでもない。
【0019】
実施例1〜3及び比較例1〜2
サンプルの調製
3リットルの密閉式バンバリーミキサーを用いて、表Iに示す配合(重量部)で、加硫促進剤、硫黄、熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子及び非ジエン系ゴムを除く、ゴム、カーボンブラック等の配合成分を5分間混合し、マスターバッチを作製した。このマスターバッチを室温まで冷却した後、このマスターバッチと残りの配合剤を3リットルの密閉式バンバリーミキサーで混合し、ゴム温度が115℃に達した時点で放出した。次にこのゴム組成物を室温まで冷却した後、厚さ5mmのシート状に180℃で10分間加硫した。この加硫シートを以下の方法で評価した。結果は表Iに示す。
【0020】
加硫シートの評価方法
1)硬度…得られた加硫ゴムシートの熱老化前及び熱老化後(空気中で70℃×96時間老化)の硬度をJISK6253に準拠して測定した。
【0021】
2)氷上μ指数測定方法:温度制御された恒温室内に設定した回転ドラム内面に形成された氷路面上を一定スリップ比(80%)で円柱状ゴムサンプルを滑り速度20km/hrで10秒間滑らせた時の摩擦力により摩擦係数を求め、比較例1(実施例1)又は比較例2(実施例2及び3)の熱老化前の値を100として示した指数値で、この値が大きいほど摩擦係数が大きいことを示す。なお、路面温度は−1.5℃で接地圧力は0.3MPa とした。熱老化後のサンプルは空気中で70℃×96時間老化させたものを用いた。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 2004035725
【0023】
【発明の効果】
表Iの結果から明らかなように、ゴム成分(A)であるNR及びBRのブレンドに、熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子(B)のみを配合した比較例1及び2のゴム組成物に比較して、これらに非ジエン系ゴム(C)を配合した実施例1並びに実施例2及び3のゴム組成物は、それぞれ、高い、特に熱老化後において高い氷上摩擦力を示し、しかも氷上摩擦力の経時低下も少なく、一層高い氷上摩耗力を示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a rubber composition, and more particularly, to a rubber composition having improved frictional force on ice, in which a thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particle and a non-diene rubber are blended in a rubber matrix, and a pneumatic tire using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to improve the frictional force on ice of a pneumatic tire, a method has been proposed in which a thermally expansible thermoplastic resin particle is blended to form a recess on the surface of the tire tread portion. There is a problem that increases. On the other hand, in order to improve the adhesion friction force on ice, it is effective to reduce the hardness of the matrix rubber. When the oil blending amount is increased as a method for reducing the hardness of the tread rubber, there is a problem that the change in hardness increases with time and the adhesion friction force gradually decreases.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition that is excellent in the effect of removing a water film on ice and that can suppress a decrease in adhesion frictional force on ice over time, and a pneumatic tire using the rubber composition. It is in.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, (A) a rubber matrix containing at least one rubber component selected from natural rubber and diene synthetic rubber, (B) thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particles, and (C) non-diene rubber A rubber composition is provided.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, the thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particles capable of forming independent cavities in the vulcanized rubber by heat during vulcanization, and the non-varying change in vulcanized rubber hardness over time can be suppressed. By blending both diene rubbers in the rubber matrix, it is possible to suppress the water film removal effect on ice and the time-dependent decrease in adhesion friction force, and to further improve the friction force on ice. .
[0006]
The natural rubber and diene-based synthetic rubber (A) blended as a matrix in the rubber composition according to the present invention can be any rubber conventionally used for rubber compositions, particularly pneumatic tires. Examples of the synthetic rubber include various butadiene rubbers (BR), various styrene-butadiene copolymer rubbers (SBR), polyisoprene rubber (IR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), and ethylene-propylene-diene. Examples thereof include copolymer rubber (EPDM), styrene-isoprene copolymer rubber, styrene-isoprene-butadiene copolymer rubber, and isoprene-butadiene copolymer rubber. These rubbers and natural rubber (NR) are used alone or as a mixture. Particularly when used as a tire tread, a glass transition temperature (Tg) having an average value of −55 ° C. or lower is used in order to improve both low rolling resistance, wear resistance, and low temperature performance. The Tg is more preferably -60 to -100 ° C on average.
[0007]
The heat-expandable thermoplastic resin particles (B) used in the present invention have a thermal expansion start temperature of 70 ° C. or higher, in which a liquid or solid that generates gas by vaporization, decomposition, or chemical reaction by heat is contained in the thermoplastic resin. It is a thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particle made of a thermoplastic resin having a heat resistance that is less than 120 ° C. and can withstand rubber vulcanization, and expands when heated at a temperature not lower than the expansion start temperature, usually 150 to 180 ° C.
[0008]
The volume ratio of the hollow cavity portion of the thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particles (B) in the vulcanized rubber according to the present invention to the rubber is preferably 2 to 40%, more preferably 5 to 35%, particularly preferably. Is 10-30%, most preferably 10-25%. When this volume ratio is too small, the frictional force on ice is not sufficiently improved. On the other hand, if it is too large, the wear resistance is remarkably deteriorated, and there is a possibility of lacking in practicality.
[0009]
As the heat-expandable thermoplastic resin particles (expandable particles), for example, commercially available products such as Matsumoto Microsphere F85 manufactured by Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku Co., Ltd. and Expancel 092DU120 manufactured by Expancel can be used. .
[0010]
The thermoplastic resin constituting the outer shell component of the heat-expandable thermoplastic resin particles preferably has a temperature at which expansion starts and is less than 120 ° C. and has heat resistance that can withstand rubber vulcanization. As such a thermoplastic resin, for example, a polymer of (meth) acrylonitrile or a copolymer having a high (meth) acrylonitrile content is preferably used. In the case of the copolymer, monomers such as vinyl halide, vinylidene halide, styrene monomer, (meth) acrylate monomer, vinyl acetate, butadiene, vinyl pyridine, chloroprene are used as the other monomer (comonomer). . In addition, said thermoplastic resin is divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, It may be made crosslinkable with a crosslinking agent such as allyl (meth) acrylate, triacryl formal, triallyl isocyanurate or the like. The crosslinked form is preferably uncrosslinked, but may be partially crosslinked so as not to impair the properties as a thermoplastic resin.
[0011]
Examples of liquids or solids that generate gas upon vaporization, decomposition, or chemical reaction by heat include hydrocarbons such as n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, butane, isobutane, hexane, petroleum ether, methyl chloride, and chloride. Liquids such as chlorinated hydrocarbons such as methylene, dichloroethylene, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, or azodicarbonamide, dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, azobisisobutyronitrile, toluenesulfonylhydrazide derivatives, aromatic succinylhydrazide derivatives Such solids.
[0012]
The amount of the thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particles (expandable particles) (B) to be blended in the rubber composition according to the present invention is 3 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the rubber component (A), 5-10 weight part is still more preferable. If the amount is too small, the desired effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the wear resistance is remarkably deteriorated.
[0013]
The rubber composition according to the present invention contains thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particles capable of forming independent cavities in the vulcanized rubber by heat during vulcanization. The effect of removing the water film on ice can be exhibited by the independent hollow portion formed on the surface.
[0014]
The non-diene rubber (C) blended in the rubber composition according to the present invention is present in the vulcanized rubber and suppresses the increase in the hardness of the vulcanized rubber over time, thereby suppressing the decrease in the adhesion friction force on ice. Therefore, in combination with the effect of removing the water film on ice due to the blending of the thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particles, it contributes greatly to the further improvement of the friction force on ice of the pneumatic tire by the combined use of both.
[0015]
Examples of the non-diene rubber (C) include copolymer rubbers of ethylene and other olefinic hydrocarbons, specifically ethylene propylene rubber and ethylene butene rubber. Speaking of other non-diene rubbers, for example, fluorine rubber, silicon rubber, acrylic rubber, and the like can be used.
[0016]
The amount of the non-diene rubber (C) to be blended in the rubber composition according to the present invention is 3 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 15 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the rubber component (A). If the blending amount is too small, the desired effect cannot be obtained.
[0017]
In addition to the above essential components (A), (B) and (C), the rubber composition of the present invention includes a reinforcing agent such as carbon black, a cross-linking agent, a cross-linking accelerator, a cross-linking activator, aging according to a conventional method. A necessary amount of general compounding agents such as an inhibitor, an activator, a process oil, a plasticizer, a lubricant and a filler can be blended.
[0018]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further, it cannot be overemphasized that the scope of the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0019]
Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2
Preparation of sample Rubber, carbon, excluding vulcanization accelerator, sulfur, thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particles and non-diene rubber, using the 3 liter closed Banbury mixer as shown in Table I (parts by weight) Mixing ingredients such as black were mixed for 5 minutes to prepare a master batch. After the master batch was cooled to room temperature, the master batch and the remaining compounding agent were mixed with a 3 liter closed Banbury mixer and released when the rubber temperature reached 115 ° C. Next, the rubber composition was cooled to room temperature, and then vulcanized into a sheet having a thickness of 5 mm at 180 ° C. for 10 minutes. This vulcanized sheet was evaluated by the following method. The results are shown in Table I.
[0020]
Evaluation Method of Vulcanized Sheet 1) Hardness: The hardness of the obtained vulcanized rubber sheet before and after heat aging (aging in air at 70 ° C. × 96 hours) was measured according to JISK6253.
[0021]
2) Method of measuring μ index on ice: A cylindrical rubber sample was slid at a sliding speed of 20 km / hr for 10 seconds on an ice road surface formed on the inner surface of a rotating drum set in a temperature-controlled constant temperature room at a constant slip ratio (80%). The coefficient of friction is obtained from the friction force when the value is applied, and is an index value indicating that the value before heat aging of Comparative Example 1 (Example 1) or Comparative Example 2 (Examples 2 and 3) is 100, and this value is large. It shows that the coefficient of friction is large. The road surface temperature was −1.5 ° C. and the ground pressure was 0.3 MPa. The sample after heat aging was aged in air at 70 ° C. for 96 hours.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004035725
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the results in Table I, the rubber compositions of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which only the thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particles (B) were blended with the blend of the rubber component (A) NR and BR were compared. Thus, the rubber compositions of Example 1 and Examples 2 and 3 in which the non-diene rubber (C) was blended showed high frictional force on ice, particularly after heat aging, and the frictional force on ice. There is little decrease over time, and higher wear force on ice is exhibited.

Claims (5)

(A)天然ゴム及びジエン系合成ゴムから選ばれた少なくとも1種からなるゴム成分を含むゴムマトリックス並びに(B)熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子及び(C)非ジエン系ゴムを含んでなるゴム組成物。(A) A rubber matrix containing at least one rubber component selected from natural rubber and diene-based synthetic rubber, and a rubber composition comprising (B) thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particles and (C) a non-diene rubber. Stuff. 前記非ジエン系ゴム(C)がエチレンと他のオレフィン炭化水素との共重合体である請求項1に記載のゴム組成物。The rubber composition according to claim 1, wherein the non-diene rubber (C) is a copolymer of ethylene and another olefin hydrocarbon. 前記熱膨張性熱可塑性樹脂粒子(B)の量が、ゴム成分(A)100重量部に対し、3〜20重量部で、前記非ジエン系ゴム(C)の量が3〜20重量部である請求項1又は2に記載のゴム組成物。The amount of the thermally expandable thermoplastic resin particles (B) is 3 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the rubber component (A), and the amount of the non-diene rubber (C) is 3 to 20 parts by weight. The rubber composition according to claim 1 or 2. 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のゴム組成物を加硫して得られる加硫ゴム。A vulcanized rubber obtained by vulcanizing the rubber composition according to claim 1. 少なくともタイヤトレッドが請求項4に記載の加硫ゴムから構成される空気入りタイヤ。A pneumatic tire in which at least the tire tread is composed of the vulcanized rubber according to claim 4.
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