JP2004008175A - Sugar cane-planting working machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sugar cane-planting working machine setting the intervals between ridges at a constant value and in parallel, capable of planting deeply without increasing the power of an engine and also not leaving ruts of a tractor in a field after completing the planting. <P>SOLUTION: This sugar cane-planting working machine for one row planting type is equipped with a sugar cane seedling-planting device consisting of a ridger, a sugar cane seedling-distributing means in the rear direction of the ridger, a soil-covering plate in further rear direction and a compacting roller in further more rear direction, being directly installed to the tractor and driven by a PTO shaft and is provided by arranging a supplemental ridger in the rear direction of a left hand side of a traveling wheel, the sugar cane seedling-planting device in the rear direction of a right hand side of the traveling wheel, making the gutter-forming depth of the supplemental ridger as thinner than that of the ridger of the sugar cane seedling-planting device, using the gutter made by the supplemental ridger as a marker, traveling by following the gutter with the right hand side wheel and making a gutter again with the ridger of the sugar cane seedling-planting device. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
[Industrial applications]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a single-row type sugarcane planting machine directly mounted on an agricultural tractor (hereinafter referred to as "tractor"), and it is possible to increase the depth of implantation without increasing engine horsepower. The spacing between the planting ridges can be made constant and parallel, and the tractor's rut can be prevented from being left in the planted sugarcane field (field).
[0002]
[Prior art]
Ridge-shaped V-grooves are formed on a sugarcane field (field) that has been deeply plowed with a plow or a rotary and crushed old stock, and cut at a length of 20 to 30 cm at the bottom of the V-grooves. Sugar cane planting is performed by laying sideways (hereinafter referred to as “seed cane”) at predetermined intervals in the front-rear direction, covering the soil, and crushing the soil cover. The sugarcane planting work machine performs this series of operations consistently, and at this time, it is common to perform fertilization at the same time.
Regarding the seed cane supply form, seed canes cut into a predetermined length are put into a hopper, taken out one by one from the hopper by a conveyor, transported sideways, and distributed to planting grooves (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. No. -9) or sugarcane is cut into a predetermined length by feeding it into a cutting device of a seed cane feeding device, and is laid sideways by a chute, transported, and distributed to a planting groove (utility model registration No. 1). No. 3,040,360). However, at present, it is common to insert a sugar cane into a seed cane supply device as it is and cut it into a seed cane.
In addition, these sugarcane planting work machines are attachments used directly mounted on a tractor, and a driver drives the tractor, and the worker performs the planting work by putting the sugarcane into the supply device. Things.
[0003]
The mechanism of such a sugarcane planting work machine varies depending on the difference in the seed cane supply form, the presence or absence of a fertilizer, the presence or absence of a disinfecting device, etc., but the basic mechanism of the planting work machine is shown in FIG. It is something like That is, the planting machine A is connected to the tractor by the top mast 1 and the lower link connecting portion 2. A transmission 4 having an input shaft 4a driven by a PTO shaft of a tractor, an operator's seat, and the like are provided at an upper portion of the frame, and a chain transmission case 7, a crushing rotor 8, and a vertical axis 9a are mounted at a lower portion of the frame. There is a ridger (swing plow or ditch plow) 9 provided with a seed cane feeding device 10, a cover plate 11, and a pressure reduction roller 12 at the rear. The seed cane supply device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is a device in which the seed cane put into the hopper 10a is pulled up by the conveyer 10b in a state where the seed cane is turned over, thrown into the shooter, and dropped from the lower end of the shooter in front of the earth covering plate 11. is there. By the way, if the seed cane falls to the bottom of the V-groove in a vertical position, the bottom of the groove formed by the ridger is soft because the field is deeply cultivated in advance, so that the seed cane may pierce the groove bottom and stand. There are many cases where the seed cane does not fall down to the groove bottom.
[0004]
Moreover, since the field is deeply cultivated in advance, it is not possible to form grooves only with the ridger. However, in order to reduce the resistance of the groove formed by the ridger or the like, the soil is crushed by the crusher rotor 8 and the crushed soil is formed by the ridger 9. In general, a V-groove is formed (formed) by the ridger 9.
The conventional example described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-9 is of a double-row type, and the conventional technique of Japanese Utility Model Registration No. 3040360 is of a single-row type. Both the single-row planting type and the double-row planting type, in order to secure the right and left balance of the traction resistance applied to the sugarcane planting machine, a planting device (ridge for groove making, seed cane distributing means, (A cover plate, a pressure-reducing roller, etc.) are disposed at symmetric positions of the frame.
[0005]
In the case of the single-row planting method, the planting device passes through the center of the rut of the left and right running wheels of the tractor, so that the rut of the tractor remains after planting. In addition, since the working machine is small and light and is towed by a small tractor having a relatively small engine horsepower, the V-groove formed by the ridger 9 cannot be made deep enough. .
On the other hand, in order to prevent the lodging of sugarcane and to increase the yield, it is desired to deepen the planting so that the stocking position is lowered. The reason is as follows. In other words, sugarcane is harvested three times in the first year by planting seed cane, the second year by sprouting from an old plant, and the third year by sprouting from the old plant, and the old plant is dug up in the following four years. The seeds are planted again. The cutting conditions at the first, second, and third years are as shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C, and the sprouting position h rises upward at the second and third years. And becomes closer to the surface of the ridge (FIGS. 7B and 7C). This is one of the causes of the decrease in the yield in the second and third years.
As is clear from FIG. 7, the sprouting position h in the second and third years increases as the planting depth increases, so that the second and third years increase in yield.
[0006]
While deeper planting is desirable as described above, small sugarcane planters that are towed by small tractors do not allow too deep planting as described above. Also, if rutting of the tractor remains in the field where planting has been completed, this part is still compacted by wheels, so that drainage and air permeability are poor.
In addition, since the maintenance work of sugarcane is performed by various working machines, it is desirable that the intervals between the planting ridges are always constant and parallel (the intervals do not vary). On the other hand, sugarcane fields, unlike paddy fields, are not horizontal and have few slopes, so it is not easy to make the spacing between production grooves constant and parallel according to the skills of the tractor driver. The intervals between the ridges are not always constant and are not necessarily parallel.
[0007]
Furthermore, since it is desirable to deepen the planting of the seed cane in order to avoid a decrease in yield in the second and third years after planting the seed cane, the traction resistance of the small and light weight cane planting machine is also increased. Therefore, it is desired that the groove can be used as easily as possible while making the groove depth as deep as possible.
[0008]
[Problem to be solved]
[Issue 1]
The present invention makes it possible to deepen the planting without increasing the engine horsepower by making the spacing of the planting ridges constant and parallel, and to prevent the tractor from leaving rutting in the field after planting. An object of the present invention is to devise an overall mechanism of a planting work machine.
[0009]
[Assignment 2]
Another object of the present invention is to devise an arrangement of a seed cane supplying device and a seed cane distributing device so that the sugarcane planting work machine can be further reduced in size and weight.
[0010]
[Measures taken to solve the problem]
[Solution 1]
Means 1 taken in order to solve the above-mentioned problem 1 comprises a crushing rotor, a ridger, a seed cane distribution means behind the ridger, a soil covering plate behind the ridger, and a seed cane planting device comprising a pressure-reducing roller behind the ridger. A single-row type sugarcane planting machine directly mounted on a tractor and driven by a PTO shaft is constituted by the following (a) to (c).
(B) an auxiliary ridger is arranged behind the left traveling wheel of the tractor, and the seed cane planting device is arranged behind the right traveling wheel;
(B) The groove depth of the auxiliary ridger is shallower than the groove depth of the ridger of the seed cane planting device;
(C) Using the groove formed by the auxiliary ridger as a marker, the groove is tracked and run by the right wheel, and the groove is regenerated by the ridger of the seed cane planting device.
Note that the above “groove depth” means the depth of the groove formed by the ridger.
[0011]
[Action]
By directly mounting on the tractor and towing, two parallel V-grooves are formed by the left and right ridgers while tilling by the crushing rotor. At this time, the depth of the groove by the auxiliary ridger is relatively shallow (for example, 1/2 of the final groove depth), and by running the wheels of the tractor along this groove, the ridger of the seed cane planting apparatus can support the auxiliary ridger. While tracking the shallow V-groove formed earlier by the ridger (the right wheel follows the V-groove by the auxiliary ridger as a marker), the V-groove is further dug down to form a deep V-groove. Since seed canes are planted in the deeply dug V-groove, the spacing between the furrows after planting is always equal to and parallel to the spacing between the left and right ridgers. In addition, the seed canes are distributed and planted in the V-groove thus dug deep, so that the planting depth is deep.
[0012]
By the way, the right wheel runs along the shallow V-groove formed earlier by the auxiliary ridger, and as a result, the ridger of the seed cane planting device further digs down the V-groove to form a deeper planting V-groove. The operation is repeated every time one row is planted. Since the grooving by the ridger of the planting device is the second round of digging, so to speak, the depth that can be actually dug down by the ridger is not so deep (for example, の of the final groove depth) and The load on the ridger can be adjusted and balanced. Further, the depth of the groove formed by the right and left ridgers is significantly smaller (for example, １ ／) than in the case of the related art in which the V-groove of the required depth is formed by one ridger, and therefore, the traction applied to them is reduced. The resistance is much smaller (for example, if the depth is １ ／, the resistance is less than ２). Therefore, the total resistance applied to the left and right ridgers is smaller than that of a conventional single-row sugarcane planting machine (a groove having a predetermined depth formed by a single groove). Therefore, a deeper V-groove can be formed without increasing the engine horsepower.
[0013]
In addition, since the planting device passes through the rut of the right wheel and erases it, the rut does not remain in the field.
Note that the arrangement of the auxiliary ridger and the planting device described above assumes a planting operation in which the planting operation proceeds sequentially from the right side to the left side of the field, and thus assumes that the planting operation sequentially proceeds from the left side to the right side of the field. In this case, the right and left positions of the auxiliary ridger and the planting device are opposite to those described above.
[0014]
Embodiment 1
In the first embodiment, the horizontal distance between the auxiliary ridger and the ridger of the planting device can be adjusted in multiple stages.
[0015]
[Action]
By adjusting the distance between the auxiliary ridger and the ridger of the planting device in accordance with the width adjustment between the traveling wheels of the tractor, the front and rear positions of the left and right traveling wheels and the left and right ridgers can always be matched, In addition, the spacing between the planting ridges is adjusted by this spacing adjustment.
[0016]
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 provides an acne placing frame on the left side of the front of the body frame, and a seed acne supply device equipped with a cutting device on the right side,
A deck is provided in the center of the rear of the aircraft frame,
Standing on the deck, the sugarcane feeding operation into the seed cane feeding device is performed.
[0017]
[Action]
The front left of the fuselage frame is provided with an acne laying frame, the right side is provided with a seed cane feeding device, the deck is provided in the center of the rear, the front left of the body frame is provided with a sugarcane in the horn accommodating frame, Since the seed cane supply operation is performed while standing on the deck, the length of the frame of the sugarcane planting operation machine in the front-rear direction is short, and the entire operation machine becomes extremely compact. Therefore, the working machine is reduced in weight and size.
[0018]
[Solution 2]
Means 2 taken to solve the above problem 2 is based on the premise of the solving means 1.
A seed cane feeding device with a cutting device is placed on the ridger of the planting device,
A transverse material is passed to the rear space of the left and right dump plates of the ridger to form a seed cane alignment device,
The seed cane cut by the cutting device of the supply device is allowed to fall naturally into the space between the left and right dumping plates of the ridger of the planting device.
[0019]
[Action]
By arranging the seed cane supply device provided with the cutting device on the ridger of the planting device, the seed cane supply device is arranged close to the planting device in the up-down direction, the front-rear direction, and the left-right direction. Therefore, the width of the frame of the sugarcane planting machine in the front-rear direction is reduced, and the size and weight of the frame are reduced. Also, by disposing the seed cane feeding device equipped with the cutting device on the planting device, the height of the seed cane feeding device can be reduced, so that the position of the cane holding frame can be lowered, and the long sugar cane can be reduced. The work to be fed into the cutting device of the supply device can be performed while standing on the deck. Further, it is extremely easy for a worker to get on and off the work machine, and the usability of the work machine is significantly improved.
[0020]
Also, the cut seed cane is directly injected from the supply device into the upper end opening 23w of the ridger of the planting device, and in the space between the left and right dumping plates of the ridger, at the bottom of the V-groove formed by the ridger. Since it falls naturally, seedpicks are not distributed on the return soil (the soil that has fallen and returned to the bottom of the V-groove) when the rear end of the ridger has passed. Also, the seed cane is directly dropped from the supply device into the space between the left and right dumping plates of the ridger, but the seed cane is always laid down on the bottom of the V-groove by the seed cane alignment device. It will not be covered while standing on the bottom.
[0021]
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 is that the cross member of the seed cane alignment device is a horizontal bar.
[Action]
Even if the seed cane naturally falls in a vertical position and protrudes to the bottom of the V-groove, the top of the seed cane is pushed forward and falls down by the forward movement of the horizontal bar, so the soil is covered while protruding at the bottom of the V-groove. It won't.
[0022]
【Example】
Next, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings.
The sugarcane planting machine of this embodiment is of a type that supplies sugarcane to a cutting device of a supply device while keeping it long, and includes a fertilizer device.
As shown in FIG. 4, the frame F of the sugarcane planting work machine has a T-shape as a whole, and a rotor assembly X including a transmission driven by a PTO shaft of a tractor, a crushing rotor 21 and the like is assembled in front of the frame. Have been. Further, there is an acne laying frame 22 at the front left portion F1 of the frame F, a ridger 23 of the planting machine device is arranged below the front right portion F2, and a cover soil assembly provided with a cover plate 24, a pressure reduction roller 25, and the like at the rear thereof. The ends of the Y frame f are connected. The fertilizer device 26 is arranged above the frame f of the soil covering assembly Y, and the lower end of the plastic hose extending downward from the fertilizer device 26 protrudes forward of the soil cover plate 24.
[0023]
Next, formation of the planting grooves and ridges will be described.
An auxiliary ridger 30 is arranged at the rear end of the front left portion of the frame F, and a ridger 23 of the planting device is arranged below the front right portion. The two ridgers 23, 30 are mounted with their longitudinal axes inserted into the sockets of the frame F, and the positions of the sockets can be adjusted in the left-right direction, and the plowing depth of the two ridgers 23, 30 is adjusted. I can do it.
The auxiliary ridger 30 and the ridger 23 are located immediately behind the left and right running wheels of the tractor, and track these ruts, respectively.
When the sugarcane planting machine runs, the topsoil of the field (field) is dug up by the crushing rotor 21 (the tilling depth is, for example, 25 cm), and two grooves V1 and V2 (see FIG. 4) are formed by the right and left ridgers 23 and 30. They are formed in parallel. Then, using the groove V1 already formed by the auxiliary ridger 30 as a marker in the previous ridge planting operation, the right running wheel tracks and runs the ridge, and the ridger 23 tracks thereafter to form the groove V2. Therefore, by adjusting the wheel width and the interval between the left and right ridgers 23, 30, the interval between the planting ridges is adjusted.
[0024]
Further, the depth of the groove formed by the auxiliary ridger 30 (plow-in depth), that is, the depth of the groove V1 is adjusted in the range of 10 to 15 cm, and the depth of the groove formed by the ridger 23 of the planting device, that is, the depth of the groove V2. The height is adjusted in the range of 25 to 30 cm. Since the ridger 23 re-plows the bottom of the groove V1 (10 to 15 cm in depth) formed by the auxiliary ridger 30, about の of the groove formation depth (25 to 30 cm) is set to the actual plowing depth by the ridger 23. That's it. By adjusting the groove depth of both ridgers, the load on the ridger 23 and the load on the auxiliary ridger 30 can be substantially balanced.
[0025]
As described above, the seed canes are aligned and distributed at the bottom of the groove V2 having a depth of 25 to 30 cm by the ridger 23 of the planting device. The fertilizer is applied via a plastic hose extending downward from the fertilizer device 26, covered with a soil covering plate 24, and crushed by a pressure reduction roller 25. The implantation depth at this time can be several centimeters deeper than when the planting groove is formed by one plowing of the ridger of the planting device, and thus the seed cane is planted deeper.
[0026]
A shallow groove V1 is formed in advance by the auxiliary ridger 30 and is used as a marker (guide mark) for guiding the right wheel of the tractor, and the groove V1 is again plowed by the ridger 23 of the planting device to form a deep groove V2. The significance of this is that deep planting grooves can be formed without increasing engine horsepower (see the description of the prior art section for the significance of deep planting seed seeds).
[0027]
When the driver drives the tractor using the groove V1 formed by the auxiliary ridger 30 as a marker, the steering operation may be performed using the groove V1 as a mark so as to track the tractor with the right rear wheel. In addition, in the sugarcane planting work, it is common to make the front wheel follow the rear wheel and make the width between the front wheels equal to the width between the rear wheels so that the rut of the front wheel does not remain. Therefore, the groove V1 is tracked by the rear wheel. To do this, the groove V1 may be tracked by the front wheel, and therefore, the tracking operation is extremely simple.
[0028]
When the tractor travels by autopilot, the groove V1 is photographed from directly above with a CCD camera, the photographed image is processed, and traveling control is performed so that the front wheel tracks the center line of the groove V1. Also in this case, since the width between the front wheels is equal to the width between the rear wheels, the groove V1 may be tracked by the front wheels. Further, in the case of the automatic driving control, the end of the groove V1 can be detected from the image of the CCD camera, and when the end is reached, the automatic traveling can be stopped, so that the driving safety is sufficiently ensured. Therefore, the tractor can be automatically operated by using the groove V1 formed by the auxiliary ridger as a marker.
[0029]
Next, the supply, distribution, and alignment of seed cane will be described.
On the front right portion F2 of the frame F, a seed cane supply device 27 having a cutting device 27b is arranged, and the ridger 23 is arranged directly below an outlet 28 of the seed cane supply device 27. At the rear of the ridger 23, there is a seed cane aligning device. In this seed canon aligning device, the horizontal bar 42 is fixed to the rear of the left and right earth discharging plates 41, 41 of the ridger 23 (a height of 215 mm from the lower end of the earth discharging plate). Position) (see FIG. 5). There is a wide opening 23w above the earth discharging plates 41, 41 of the ridger 23 (see FIGS. 2 and 5), and an outlet 28 of the seed cane feeding device 27 overlaps the opening 23w.
[0030]
When the worker stands on the deck of the frame F3 and inserts the sugar cane in the cane holder frame 22 into the inlet 27a of the cutting device 27b of the seed cane feeding device 27, the cut cane is cut by the cutting device 27b to become seed cane. The cane is thrown into the opening 23w of the earth removal plate from the outlet 28 of the supply device 27. The seed cane thrown into the opening 23w falls naturally in a space S (width 151 mm, length 330 mm in the front-rear direction) below the opening in front of the horizontal bar 42, and most of it falls down in the space S. And distributed to the bottom of the groove V2 by the ridger 23 (see FIG. 8). However, a part of it is stuck in the groove bottom, but even if it stood in this way, since the ridger 23 is advanced and pushed down by the horizontal bar 42, the protruding seed cane is stuck in the space S in the space S. Is surely laid down. If the seed canopy falls on the soil returned to the groove when the earth removal plates 41, 41 pass, the implantation depth becomes shallow, but as described above, the seed cane is a space between the left and right earth removal plates. The situation described above does not occur because the side is surely turned down in S.
[0031]
A swash plate 43 is provided in place of the horizontal bar 42 (FIG. 6), and a seed canopy falling in a vertical position is made oblique by hitting the swash plate 43 and is slid forward on the swash plate 43 to form a groove. You may prevent it from sticking to the bottom of V2.
[0032]
In this embodiment, the seed cane supply device 27 is disposed directly above the opening 23w of the ridger 23. However, the positional relationship of the seed cane supply device 27 in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction with respect to the ridger 23 is not necessarily required. It does not have to be strictly right above, but can be slightly shifted back and forth and left and right depending on the arrangement of the devices. In this case, a swash plate or the like is connected between the outlet 28 of the seed cane supply device 27 and the opening 23w of the ridger 23 to guide the seed cane to the opening 23w.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
1. Advantageous Effects of the Invention According to Claims 1 to 3 As described above, according to the present invention, a relatively shallow V-groove is formed by an auxiliary ridger according to the above-mentioned means (a), (b) and (c). Using this as a marker, the tractor is tracked by the right rear wheel, and the groove is formed again by the ridger of the seed cane planting device, so that the seed cane is planted in the groove by the ridger of the seed cane planting device. Since the grooving by the ridger of the seed cane planting apparatus is so-called digging twice, the load applied to the ridger is small if the groves are deep. Therefore, with a small and lightweight sugarcane planting machine, a deeper groove can be formed to plant the seed cane.
[0034]
2. The seed cane feeding device provided with the effect cutting device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is disposed immediately above the ridger of the planting device, and the horizontal member is disposed in the rear space of the left and right discharge plates of the ridger of the planting device. By constructing a cane aligning device and allowing the cut seed canes to fall naturally from the supply device 27 into the space between the left and right dumping plates of the ridger, the small-sized cane planting machine is significantly simplified and compact. Can be
In addition, since the seed cane is surely turned over by the seed cane aligning apparatus, the seed cane is surely turned over and planted in that state. Furthermore, since seed canes are distributed to the bottom of the groove in the space between the left and right dumping plates of the ridger while lying down, the soil returned to the groove when the dumping plate passed (the bottom of the ditch due to sliding down) The seed cane is distributed on the soil that has returned to the ground, and as a result, shallow planting is reliably avoided.
This ensures that all seed canes are planted at the bottom of the deep V-groove.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a conventional example.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic rear view of the body frame.
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a body frame.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a main part of the alignment device in the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of another example of the alignment device.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a state of germination of sugarcane.
FIG. 8 is a side sectional view schematically showing a planting operation.
[Explanation of symbols]
21: Soil crushing rotor 22: Piping frame 23: Ridger 23w: Opening 24: Covering plate (pressure reduction disk)
25: Suppressing roller 26: Fertilizer application device 27: Seed cane supply device 27a: Input port 27b: Cutting device 28: Output port 30: Auxiliary ridger F: Frame F1: Front left portion F2 of frame F: Right front portion F3 of frame F : Back center part of frame F V1: Groove by auxiliary ridger 30 V2: Groove by ridger 23 X: Rotor assembly Y: Cover assembly f: Frame of cover assembly Y

Claims (5)

A crusher rotor and a seed cane planting device including a ridger and a seed cane distributing means at the rear of the ridger, a soil covering plate at the rear thereof and a pressure-reducing roller at the rear of the ridge, and are directly mounted on a tractor and driven by a PTO shaft. In a single-row type sugarcane planting machine,
An auxiliary ridger is arranged behind the traveling wheel on the left side of the tractor, and the seed cane planting device is arranged behind the traveling wheel on the right side,
Make the groove depth of the auxiliary ridger shallower than the groove depth of the ridger of the seed cane planting device,
A sugarcane planting machine that uses the groove provided by the auxiliary ridger as a marker and tracks it with the right wheel to regenerate it with the ridger of the seed cane planting device. The sugarcane planting machine according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal spacing between the auxiliary ridger and the ridger of the planting device is adjustable in multiple stages. Provide a pimple holder frame on the left side of the front of the fuselage frame, and provide a seed acne supply device equipped with a cutting device on the right side,
A deck is provided in the center of the rear of the aircraft frame,
2. The sugarcane planting machine according to claim 1, wherein the sugarcane planting operation is carried out while standing on the deck. A seed cane feeding device equipped with a cutting device is arranged on the ridger of the planting device, and a transverse material is passed to the space behind the left and right discharge plates of the ridger to constitute a seed cane alignment device,
The sugarcane planting machine according to claim 1, wherein the seed cane cut by the cutting device of the supply device is allowed to fall naturally into the space of the ridger of the planting device. 5. The sugarcane planting machine according to claim 4, wherein the horizontal member of the seed cane alignment device is a horizontal bar.

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