JP2003340306A - Wood crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wood crusher capable of being rapidly restored from an operation stop state when foreign matter or the like is bitten in the crusher to stop the operation of the crusher. <P>SOLUTION: The wood crusher is equipped with a crushing rotor 10 for crushing wood of an object to be crushed, a crusher frame 17 for rotatably supporting the crushing rotor 10, a housing 13 equipped with a fixed blade 12 and rotatably provided to the crusher frame 17 so as to be positioned in the periphery of the crushing rotor 10, and a housing opening permitting means 14 provided to the revolving part of the housing 13 and the crusher frame 17 and permitting the revolution to the open direction of the housing 13 at the time of overload to the fixed blade 12. By this constitution, the bearing or the structure of the crushing rotor 10 can be prevented from being damaged by excessive load and it is unnecessary to replace a new part at the time of breaking of a shear pin and restoration can be easily and rapidly performed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wood crusher for crushing pruned branch / thinned wood, branch wood, waste wood, etc., for example, crushing wood by crushing a crushing rotor by rotating a crushing rotor. It is about machines.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, pruned branch timber / thinned timber generated when the timber felled in a forest is debranched, branch timber generated during construction and maintenance of green spaces, or waste wood used for wooden houses. Are usually finally treated as industrial waste. The wood crusher is designed to reduce the volume of waste in the waste treatment process, and to ferment the crushed material after crushing and reuse it as organic fertilizer in order to ensure that the branch materials, branch wood, etc. It is crushed to size.

An example of this type of wood crusher is disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,947,395. This publication discloses a rotary crushing device having a crushing rotor (rotating rotor) provided with a crushing bit (rotating blade) on the outer peripheral portion, and an anvil (fixed on the outer peripheral side of the crushing rotor, which is held by shear pins. And a blade) is disclosed.

[0004]

In the above prior art, the thrown wood to be crushed is first crushed by the crushing bit of the crushing rotor, and the first crushed wood piece is secondly crushed between the crushing bit and the anvil. It At that time, in the unlikely event that unbreakable foreign matter such as metal or stone is mixed in the crushed wood and this foreign matter gets caught between the crushing bit and the anvil, the shear pin fixing the anvil is broken, When the part (fixed part) is opened, the anvil can move freely. This prevents foreign matter from being caught and damages the bearings of the rotor and the structures of the machine.

However, in the above-mentioned conventional technique, it is necessary to replace the shear pin with a new one each time the shear pin is broken, and it takes a lot of time and labor to recover the work.

The present invention has been made on the basis of the above matters, and an object of the present invention is to quickly recover from an operation stop state when an operation of the crusher is stopped due to foreign matter or the like being caught in the wood. To provide a crusher.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a wood crusher according to the present invention comprises a crusher rotor for crushing wood to be crushed, and a crusher frame for rotatably supporting the crusher rotor. A housing provided with a fixed blade and rotatably provided on the crusher frame so as to be located on the outer periphery of the crusher rotor; and a fixed blade provided on a rotating portion of the crusher frame and the housing. Housing opening permitting means for permitting rotation of the housing in the opening direction when the housing is overloaded.

With the above structure, it is possible to prevent the bearing and structure of the crushing rotor from being damaged by an excessive load, and it is possible to return to work without the need to replace a new part like when the shear pin is broken. it can. Therefore, even if a foreign matter or the like enters the crushing unit and the crushing work is interrupted, the crushing unit can be quickly restored.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of a wood crusher of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view showing the overall structure of an embodiment of the wood crusher of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the embodiment of the wood crusher of the present invention shown in FIG.

1 and 2, the wood crusher is a self-propelled self-propelled wood crusher, in which 1 is a main frame, 2 is a hopper that receives the wood to be crushed, and 3 is a hopper. A feeding conveyer (conveying means) for conveying the crushed wood put in 2; a pressing conveyer (press introducing means) for conveying the crushed wood conveyed by the feeding conveyer 3 while pressing 5; a feeding conveyer 3 and a pressing means A crushing unit for crushing the wood to be crushed conveyed by the conveyor 4, 6 is a running body of a crawler track which makes the main body run by itself, 7
Is a carry-out conveyor (discharge conveyor) for discharging the crushed wood to the outside of the main body, 8 is a magnetic separator for removing metal from the crushed wood, and 9 is a power unit as a power unit. In this embodiment, the left side in FIG. 1 is the front and the right side is the rear.

The above-mentioned hopper 2 is provided at the front end of the body frame 1, and the feed conveyor 3 is provided at the bottom of this hopper 2. Further, a holding conveyor 4 is provided above the rear end of the feeding conveyor 3.
A crushing unit 5 is provided substantially at the center of the body frame 1 in the front-rear direction, and a power unit 9 is provided at the rear end of the body frame 1. The traveling body 6 is provided in the lower portion of the main body frame 1, and the carry-out conveyor 7 extends from the lower position of the crushing unit 5 to the outer side position on the rear side of the main body frame 1. The magnetic separator 8 is provided on the rear side of the power unit 9.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view showing a part of a cross section of the crushing unit 5 shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the same reference numerals as those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 denote the same parts. In the figure, 10 is a crushing rotor, 11 is a crushing bit (rotating blade) for crushing wood to be crushed, 12 is an anvil (fixed blade) for secondly crushing the wood chips crushed by the crushing bit 11, and 13 is a crushing rotor Housing for covering 10, 13a
Is an anvil supporting part of the housing 13, 13b is a rotating part of the housing 13, 14 is a torque limiter as a housing opening permitting means, 15 is a hydraulic cylinder, and 16 is a large number of openings for setting the particle size of the crushed material. And a crusher frame supporting the crushing rotor 10, and a housing 1
3 is a sensor for detecting the open / closed state.

The above-mentioned components are arranged as follows. The crushing rotor 10 is provided at a substantially central portion of the crushing unit 5 in the front-rear direction via a bearing (not shown).
A large number of crushing bits 11 are attached to the surface of the crushing rotor 10. An anvil 12 is provided above the crushing rotor 10 with a predetermined gap between the crushing bit 11 and the rotation trajectory of the crushing bit 11. The anvil 12 is supported by an anvil supporting portion 13a of a housing 13 by bolts. In addition, the housing 13 has a rotating portion 13b and a crusher frame 17 which are rotatably connected to each other, and a torque limiter 14 is provided at a rotation fulcrum thereof.
That is, the anvil 12 is integrally provided with the housing 13 so as to be rotatable around the torque limiter 14, and the torque limiter 14 normally holds the housing 13 so that the anvil 12 is at a predetermined position ( 3 position). Further, one end of the hydraulic cylinder 15 is connected to the crusher frame 17, and the other end thereof is the rotating portion 1 of the housing 13.
It is connected to 3b. The sensor 18 is the crushing rotor 10.
It is provided near the mating surface between the upper housing 13 and the crusher frame 17.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the torque limiter 14, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line VV of FIG. In the figure, 19 is a hollow cylindrical hub, and the receiving portion 19 is provided at one end thereof.
a. Reference numeral 20 is a ring-shaped flange, 21 is a steel ball provided in openings 20a provided at a plurality of circumferential positions of the flange 20, 22 is a groove provided at a plurality of circumferential positions of the receiving portion 19a of the hub 19, 23 Is a spring.

The flange 20 fitted into the hub 19 is rotatably installed on the receiving portion 19a (in contact with the receiving portion 19a). The opening 20a of the flange 20 is provided at a position opposed to the groove 22 provided in the receiving portion of the hub 19, and the steel ball 21 provided in the opening 20a fits into the groove 22 to apply the spring force of the spring 23 to the flange. In addition, the movement of the flange 20 in the rotational direction is regulated by adding it to the flange 20. The hub 19 is connected to the crusher frame 17, and the flange 20 is connected to the housing 13.

The above components operate as follows.
That is, the groove 22 provided on the receiving portion 19a of the hub 19
The steel ball 21 is fitted into the and is pressed by the force of the spring 23. Then, when a rotational load exceeding a predetermined value is applied, the steel ball 2
1 is disengaged from the groove 22, and the flange 20 idles with respect to the hub 19 to release the holding.

FIG. 6 is a hydraulic circuit diagram connected to the hydraulic cylinder 15. In the figure, 24 is a control valve, 25 is a throttle for limiting the flow rate, and 26 is a check valve for preventing the backflow of hydraulic oil. is there.

During normal crushing work, the control valve 24 is set to the neutral position and the contraction operation of the hydraulic cylinder 15 is restricted by the throttle 25. That is, the throttle 25 has a function of buffering the impact force applied in the contraction direction of the hydraulic cylinder 15.

Next, the operation of the embodiment of the wood crusher of the present invention will be described. (1) At the time of crushing work, for example, when the crushed wood is put into the hopper 2 by a hydraulic excavator or the like having a gripping device such as a grapple, the crushed wood is fed by the feed conveyor 3 to the rear side of the wood crusher (FIG. 1,
2 is conveyed horizontally to the right side in FIG.

When the crushed wood conveyed by the feed conveyor 3 reaches the vicinity of the front end of the press conveyor 4, the upper part of the crushed wood is taken into the press conveyor 4 so that the upper part of the crushed wood is taken in by the press conveyor 4. The upper part can be pressed down by the weight of 4. And the feed conveyor 3
It is pressed and gripped in cooperation with, and is introduced into the crushing unit 5 in this state.

When the crushed wood is introduced into the crushing unit 5, the crushing unit 5 side end of the pressing conveyor 4 and the crushing unit 5 side end of the feed conveyor 3 cooperate to remove the crushed wood as described above. By sandwiching the sandwiched portion from above and below, the sandwiched portion is used as a crushing fulcrum at the time of crushing, and the tip end of the crushed wood on the crushing unit 5 side is projected like a cantilever toward the crushing rotor 10. Then, the protruding tip portion is caused to collide with the crushing bit 11 of the rotating crushing rotor 10 to roughly crush the crushed wood tip portion (primary crushing, pre-crushing). The crushed wood pieces are guided in the space on the outer peripheral side of the crushing rotor 10 along the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 10, collide with the anvil 12, and are further crushed by the impact force (secondary crushing, main crushing). . The crushed wood crushed in this manner is further impacted by the crushing bit 11 and the anvil 12 while moving around the space on the outer peripheral side of the crushing rotor 10 until the particle size is such that it can pass through the opening of the grate 16. It will be crushed. When the grain size is such that it can pass through the openings of Great 16, Great 1
After passing through the opening of 6, the crushing unit 5 is discharged to the outside. In this way, the crushed wood crushed material falls on the carry-out conveyor 7 and is discharged (carried out) to the outside of the crusher main body (the rear part of the self-propelled wood crusher, the right end in FIG. 1).

Then, the magnetic separator 8 adsorbs the magnetic substance on the conveyer conveyor 7 to the crushed wood substance on the conveyer conveyor 7 due to the magnetic force, and the magnetic separator 8 is in a direction substantially orthogonal to the conveyer conveyor 7 (self-propelled wood crusher). The magnetic substance is discharged in the width direction.

(2) When foreign matter is caught in the crushing work When the crushing work is performed as in the above (1), the crushing bit 11 and the anvil 1 should be accidentally run when the above-mentioned secondary crushing is performed.
The movement when a foreign substance such as stone or metal is caught between the two will be described.

When foreign matter such as stone or metal gets caught between the crushing bit 11 and the anvil 12 when the above-mentioned secondary crushing is performed, the crushing bit 11 causes excessive amount of anvil 12. A load is applied, and the load is applied to the housing 13.
Is transmitted to the flange 20 of the torque limiter 14 via.
As described above, the torque limiter 14 has a structure in which the steel ball 21 is disengaged from the groove 22 to release the holding when an excessive rotational load is applied to the flange 20, so that the housing 13 and the anvil 12 are separated from each other as shown in FIG. The torque limiter 14 rotates about the crusher frame 17.
The bounce-up impact force of the housing 13 when the housing 13 rotates is absorbed by the hydraulic cylinder 15 as described above. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, even if the hydraulic cylinder 15 tries to return to its original position by the reaction of the opening of the housing 13, the check valve 26 restricts the extension operation so that it cannot return. There is. The sensor 18 detects that the housing 13 opens / closes (separates) with respect to the crusher frame 17, and transmits the detection signal to a control device (not shown). When the sensor 18 detects the open state of the housing 13, the control device controls the rotation of the crushing rotor 10 to stop.

According to the embodiment of the above-mentioned wood crusher of the present invention configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained. That is, as described above, in the present embodiment, since the crusher frame 17 supporting the crushing rotor 10 and the housing 13 supporting the anvil 12 are connected by the torque limiter 14 as the housing opening permitting means, the secondary crushing is performed. In case of foreign matter such as stones or metal getting caught between the crushing bit 11 and the anvil 12,
When the torque limiter 14 runs idle, the anvil 12
The housing 13 for supporting the rotating body rotates about the torque limiter 14 with respect to the crusher frame 17. As a result, it is possible to prevent an excessive load from being applied to the bearing and the structure of the crushing rotor 10 via the crushing bit 11, and as a result, it is possible to prevent the bearing and the structure of the crushing rotor 10 from being damaged. it can. Then, the anvil 12 is shown in FIG.
Also when returning to the predetermined position shown in (1), the steel ball 21 can be fitted into the groove 22 again by simply returning the housing 13, and the anvil 12 can be fixed at the predetermined position. Therefore,
There is no need to replace a new part like when the shear pin is broken, and the work can be returned quickly and easily. As a result, it is possible to prevent a reduction in crushing work efficiency.

Further, the housing 13 and the crusher frame 1
Since the hydraulic cylinder 15 for connecting with 7 is provided, it functions as a cushioning function for the hoisted housing 13 and also prevents the housing 13 from returning by an open recoil. As a result, wood chips and foreign matter do not get caught between the housing 13 and the crushing rotor 10 and do not hinder the recovery from the operation stopped state. Further, the anvil 12 can be easily fixed at a predetermined position only by extending the hydraulic cylinder 15.

Further, the sensor 18 allows the housing 13
The open / closed state of is monitored, and the crushing rotor 10 is controlled to stop when the housing 13 is in the open state.
It's safe.

In the above description, the case where the present invention is applied to a self-propelled self-propelled wood crusher has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a movable wood crusher that can be towed and traveled, Or, of course, it may be applied to a portable wood crusher that can be lifted and transported by a crane or the like, and further to a stationary wood crusher arranged as a fixed machine in a plant or the like, and in these cases, the same as above. Get the effect of.

[0029]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION A crushing rotor for crushing wood to be crushed, a crusher frame for rotatably supporting the crushing rotor, and a fixed blade are provided, and the crusher is positioned so as to be located on the outer periphery of the crushing rotor. A housing that is rotatably provided on the frame, and a housing opening allowance that is provided on a rotating portion of the crusher frame and the housing and that allows the housing to rotate in the opening direction when the fixed blade is overloaded. Since it is equipped with means, it is possible to prevent the bearing and structure of the crushing rotor from being damaged by an excessive load, and it is possible to return to work without the need to replace new parts like when the shear pin is broken. it can. Therefore, even if a foreign substance or the like is mixed in the crushing unit and the crushing work is interrupted, the crushing work can be quickly restored, and the reduction of the crushing work efficiency can be prevented.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the overall structure of an embodiment of a wood crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the overall structure of an embodiment of a wood crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged front view in FIG. 1 showing a structure in the vicinity of a crushing unit that constitutes an embodiment of a wood crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing the structure of a torque limiter that constitutes an embodiment of the wood crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a torque limiter that constitutes an embodiment of the wood crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a hydraulic circuit diagram around a hydraulic cylinder that constitutes an embodiment of the wood crusher of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged front view of FIG. 1, showing a state in which the torque limiter that constitutes an embodiment of the wood crusher of the present invention releases the holding of the anvil.

[Explanation of symbols]

6 Traveling Body 10 Crushing Rotor 12 Anvil (Fixed Blade) 13 Housing 14 Torque Limiter (Housing Opening Allowing Means) 15 Hydraulic Cylinder 17 Crusher Frame 18 Sensor 19 Hub 20 Flange 21 Steel Ball 22 Groove 23 Spring

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A crushing rotor for crushing wood to be crushed, a crusher frame for rotatably supporting the crushing rotor, and a fixed blade, and the crushing device is located on the outer periphery of the crushing rotor. A housing provided rotatably on the frame, and a housing opening allowance provided on a rotating portion of the crusher frame and the housing, and allowing the housing to rotate in an opening direction when the fixed blade is overloaded. A wood crusher characterized by having means. 2. The wood crusher according to claim 1, wherein the housing opening permitting means is connected to the crusher frame, and has a cylindrical hub having a receiving portion having a plurality of grooves at one end side thereof, A ring-shaped flange connected to the housing and fitted into the hub, steel balls respectively provided in a plurality of openings provided at positions facing a plurality of grooves provided in the receiving portion of the flange, and the flange. A spring that presses against the hub, the steel ball fits in the groove, and the spring force of the spring fixes the crusher frame and the housing to each other. 3. The wood crusher according to claim 1, wherein the housing and the crusher frame are connected by a hydraulic cylinder. 4. The wood crusher according to claim 1, wherein a sensor for detecting an open / closed state of the housing and the crusher frame, and a crushing rotor of the crushing rotor according to a value detected by the sensor. A wood crusher, comprising: a control means for controlling driving. 5. The wood crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wood crusher includes a traveling body and is self-propelled.