JP2003307096A - Method for constructing tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for constructing a tunnel in which the term of works is shortened by an efficient excavation, excavated muck generated in a facing section is carried out easily and concrete is also placed in an invert at an early stage. <P>SOLUTION: A tunnel is excavated by using a tunnel work station 1, in which the facing section in the tunnel 2 is partitioned into an upper stage 2a and a lower stage 2b and on which a required apparatus such as a drilling machine 8 is loaded. A tunnel sectional outer peripheral section in front of the facing section is drilled by the drilling machine 8 prior to the excavation of the upper stage 2a, and soil is improved by injecting a grout. The upper stage 2a of the tunnel 2 is excavated in a constant length by a self-propelled type first excavator 13, excavated muck is removed by a belt conveyor 16 and a primary lining from a timbering erection to a shotcrete is conducted successively or in parallel with an upper-stage excavating wall surface at the rear of the belt conveyor. The succeeding lower stage 2b is excavated by a second excavator 19, and the primary lining and the construction of the invert are conducted successively or in parallel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel construction method using a tunnel workstation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a tunnel construction method, the face portion is excavated by an excavator such as a free-section excavator, and crushed rocks, earth and sand (excavation) are removed, and then the same procedure is repeated to proceed. There is a construction method. Further, there is a construction method called a shield construction method in which a cutting head at the tip is pressed against a face portion to rotate and excavate.

By the way, in recent years, when there is a reservoir such as a dam near the tunnel due to environmental protection, when excavating the tunnel,
After completion, a tunnel is planned to limit the spring water into the tunnel. When such a tunnel is to be excavated by the free section excavator or the like, prior to the excavation, a front portion of a face of several tens of meters (about 20 to 50 m) is perforated by a boring machine from inside the tunnel and the perforation is performed. By injecting an injection material for water stopping with an injection machine, the ground on the outer periphery of the tunnel section to be excavated is improved to prevent ground collapse during excavation to ensure safety and to prevent spring water from entering the tunnel. I try to prevent it.

[0004]

However, in this case, as a pre-process, a boring machine drilling work and a pouring machine injection work are required from the tunnel bore, and after the pre-process is completed, a free-section excavator or the like is excavated. Since the excavation is carried out by a machine, waiting for excavation occurs, which slows down the progress of the excavation work, which is a cause of prolonging the construction period. In addition, the work of carrying out the excavation slide after excavation is carried out by combining a plurality of belt conveyors in a connected state and carrying it and loading it on a trolley running on a rail laid in the tunnel, which is very complicated and troublesome. . Further, when these belt conveyors and rails for traveling the dolly are laid, there is a problem that the invert concrete placing work formed on the bottom portion of the tunnel cannot be started early. On the other hand, when the shield method is used, it is possible to excavate the tunnel efficiently because the above-mentioned pre-process is not required, but there is a problem that the shield machine is expensive and the construction cost is significantly increased.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and it is possible to efficiently excavate and shorten the construction period without using a shield machine and to easily carry out excavation shear generated in the face portion. , It is an object of the present invention to provide a tunnel construction method that enables invert concrete pouring to be performed at an early stage.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is an upper half-section advanced excavation method for dividing a tunnel face into upper and lower tiers, which comprises a plurality of piercing machines. Using a tunnel workstation equipped with an injection device or the like, prior to excavation of the upper stage, a region corresponding to the outer peripheral part of the tunnel cross section is drilled with the drilling machine, and the ground improvement material is injected with the injection device. The ground is improved by the method and the second stage excavator excavates the lower stage in the lower stage,
After that, excavation is performed by the first excavator at the upper stage, and primary lining is performed at the lower stage, and the above steps are sequentially repeated to construct a tunnel. Using the tunnel workstation with the upper half-section advanced excavation method, the lower stage is excavated while the outer periphery of the tunnel section is being ground improved prior to the upper stage excavation, and the lower stage is covered when the upper stage is excavated. Since the work is performed, the work can be efficiently performed without waiting for the process, and the work period can be shortened.

The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in one cycle of the process, the invert is formed by an invert placing device arranged in a space below the tunnel workstation. Since the invert is formed by the invert placing device arranged in the lower space of the tunnel workstation, the construction can be performed regardless of the belt conveyor or the rail for traveling the carriage, and the construction period can be further shortened.

Furthermore, the invention of claim 3 is characterized in that the first excavator can advance and retreat by self-propelling and can enter and leave the tunnel workstation. Since the first excavator moves forward and backward by itself and can enter and exit the tunnel workstation, the switching between drilling / injection work and excavation can be performed smoothly, which shortens the construction period.

Further, in the invention of claim 4, a belt conveyor movable along the length direction is provided in the tunnel workstation, and the first and second excavators are used to excavate by the belt conveyor. It is characterized in that the shear is transported backward and loaded on a transportation vehicle. Since the belt conveyor movable along the length direction is arranged in the tunnel workstation, it is easy to transport the excavated shear to the rear of the tunnel workstation.

Further, in the invention of claim 5, an auxiliary belt conveyor for conveying the excavation shear by the first excavator to the rear is provided in front of the belt conveyor in the tunnel work station, and the auxiliary belt conveyor is The rear end is close to the front end of the belt conveyor, and the digging shear of the auxiliary belt conveyor can be transferred to the belt conveyor. Since an auxiliary belt conveyor is provided in connection with the belt conveyor, it facilitates the transportation of the excavation slide in the upper stage,
Even when excavating the upper tier, operations other than excavating the lower tier can be performed.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the belt conveyor is integrally formed of a front member and a rear member, and the front member is attached so as to be inclined downward from the rear member toward the front. And By making the front member of the belt conveyor inclinable, the excavation slip in the lower stage can be carried and there is no hindrance to the work in the primary lining etc. other than during excavation.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, an embodiment of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1
Is an upper half-section advanced excavation method that divides the tunnel face into upper and lower sections, and uses a tunnel workstation 1 equipped with a plurality of drilling machines and injection equipment to create a tunnel 2
It is a case of excavating, and is a diagram showing a state in which a drilling operation is performed prior to excavation of the upper stage.

The tunnel workstation 1 has a first frame 3 formed in a substantially gate shape when viewed from the front, and a second frame formed in a substantially gate shape connected to the rear portion of the first frame 3.
It is assembled from the gantry 4 and. The first mount 3 is
As shown in FIG. 3, a lower member 3a that is installed oppositely at a predetermined interval (about 6 m), and a plurality of columns 3b that are erected on the lower member 3a.
The diagonal member 3c attached between the columns 3b and the flat plate-shaped upper member 3d supported and fixed by the columns 3b are integrally formed, and the total length is about 35 to 40 m. Lower member 3a
An endless crawler belt 5 is provided in the lower portion near the front end of the tunnel so that it can travel on the upper surface 2a of the tunnel 2.

The second pedestal 4 is provided with a lower member 4a which is installed oppositely with a predetermined space (about 5 m), a plurality of columns 4b standing on the lower member 4a, and supported and fixed by these columns 4b. The upper member 4c on the flat plate is integrally formed, and the total length is about 15 to 20 m. The front end of the second mount 4 is
The lower frame 4a is connected and fixed to the rear end of the first pedestal 3, and the wheels 6 are attached to the lower part near the front end and the lower part near the rear end of the lower member 4a.
Is attached so that it can run on the rail 7 laid in the tunnel 2. As a result, the tunnel workstation 1 as a whole is stably supported via the endless crawler belt 5 and the wheels 6, and is movable in the front-rear direction.

Further, a plurality of punching machines 8 (four in the illustrated example) necessary for punching work are mounted on the first frame 3, two of which are the lower members as shown in FIG. 3a are arranged on respective extension portions formed by extending sideways, and are configured to be movable in the front-rear direction on a guide rail 9 laid on the extension portions. The other two are the upper member 3d
The guide rails 9 are respectively disposed on the upper member 3d and laid on the upper member 3d so as to be movable in the front-rear direction.

An injection device 10 (FIG. 1) is mounted on the rear portion of each punching machine 8, and after the punching machine 8 punches a region in front of the face and corresponding to the outer periphery of the tunnel cross section, the punching device 10 punches the hole. An injection material (a ground improvement material or a solidification material for the purpose of stopping water) is injected into the interior so that the ground can be improved.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the upper member 3 of the first frame 3 is
On the d, the concrete spraying machine 11 is arranged in the central part so as to be sandwiched between the two punching machines 8, and the working cages 12 are located outside the two punching machines 8 respectively. The concrete spraying machine 11 and the working cage 12 are also configured to be movable in the front-rear direction via guide rails.

Further, in the front part of the first pedestal 3, in FIG.
Also, as shown in FIG. 3, the first excavator 13 which is a free-section excavator is on standby, and the first excavator 13 is a boom type in which the excavation direction can be freely changed.
It is formed so as to be self-propelled by a, moves forward as shown in FIG. 2 during excavation work and appears in front of the first pedestal 3, and retracts during perforation work and is stored in the space of the first pedestal 3. That is, the first excavator 13 can move forward and backward by self-propelling, and can enter and exit the tunnel workstation 1.

An auxiliary belt conveyor 14 is attached to the rear end portion of the first excavator 13 via an elevating mechanism 15. The auxiliary belt conveyer 14 comes close to the belt conveyer 16 as shown in FIG. 2 during the upper digging work, and is lifted by the elevating mechanism 15 and separates from the belt conveyer 16 as shown in FIG. 1 during the upper piercing work. There is.

The belt conveyor 16 is formed integrally with a front member 16a and a rear member 16b. The front member 16a is formed so as to be close to the auxiliary belt conveyor 14, and the front member 16b is connected to the front member 16b as shown in FIG. It is attached so that it can be tilted downward toward.

The belt conveyor 16 is formed so as to be movable in the front-back direction, that is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, a pair of support rails 17 are fixed to the lower surface side of the upper member 4c of the second mount 4. The rear member 16b is slidably supported on the support rail 17. Since the front portion of the support rail 17 is not fixed to the upper member 4c, it is fixed to the lower member 3a of the first frame 3 via a stay (not shown) or the like.

As shown in FIG. 1, the front member 16a of the belt conveyor 16 has electric chain blocks 18 on both sides toward the front.
It is preferable that the electric chain block 18 be slidably attached to the lower member 3a of the first frame 3 respectively. The front member 1 by the electric chain block 18
6a can be stably held in a substantially horizontal state, and can be stably held even when the front member 16a is inclined downward toward the front.

The second excavator 19 is a breaker or backhoe of a required size, and excavates the face of the lower stage 2b of the tunnel 2. The excavation slide is mounted on the front member 16a of the belt conveyor 16 which is inclined downward, and the belt conveyor 1
It is transported to the rear by 6 and loaded on a transportation vehicle D such as an unloading truck.

Reference numeral 20 denotes an invert placing device, which forms an invert on the lower surface of the tunnel after excavating by the second excavator 19. The invert placing device 20 is formed so as to be self-propelled so that the invert form 20a is installed at a predetermined position, and concrete is placed in the invert form 20a so that the inverts can be sequentially formed in a connected state. There is.

At the rear end of the second pedestal 4, a quick-setting agent supply device 21 and a concrete spraying machine 22 are mounted. These are used to close the gap of the lining formed on the inner surface of the tunnel 2 and prevent spring water from the outside.

In order to ensure the traffic and safety of workers at the tunnel workstation 1, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the lower member 3a of the first pedestal 3 and the lower member 4 of the second pedestal 4 are used.
Passageways 23 and 24 are attached to a, respectively, and fences 23a and 24a are respectively provided outside these passageways 23 and 24 to prevent the fall. In addition, a staircase 25 for connecting the passage 23 and the passage 24 is provided, and the first mount 3
A staircase 26 for connecting the passage 23 and the upper surface of the upper member 3d is provided in the middle portion of the upper member 3d, and the front portion of the upper member 3d of the first mount 3 and the upper member 4c of the second mount 4 are further provided.
Fences 3e and 4d are also provided around the area to provide worker safety measures.

A method for excavating and constructing the tunnel 2 in the tunnel workstation 1 thus constructed will be described. This method is an advanced half section advanced excavation method as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the face part of the tunnel 2 is divided into an upper half 2a and a lower half 2b.
The cutting face of the upper stage 2a is moved by the first excavator 13 to the lower stage 2b.
The face part of each is excavated by the second excavator 19.

In the upper stage 2a of the preceding tunnel 2, after excavating the first excavator 13 for a certain length in the excavation direction of the tunnel 2, the excavation shear is eliminated and the excavation wall surface in the upper stage behind is supported. The primary lining from the erection of concrete to the concrete spraying is performed sequentially or in parallel, and in the subsequent lower stage 2b, excavation of the lower half and the invert part, the same primary lining as the upper half, and the construction of the invert. Sequentially or in parallel. In this way, the tunnel 2 is excavated by repeating the excavation work, the primary lining work, and the inversion work.

Before excavating the face of the upper stage 2a by the first excavator 13, a boring operation is performed as shown in FIG. After advancing a plurality of punching machines 8 mounted on the tunnel workstation 1 and punching a region in front of the face and corresponding to the outer peripheral portion of the tunnel cross section, an injecting material is injected into each of the perforating holes from the injection device 10, Improve the ground. The range of this ground improvement is shown in FIG. In this figure, the ground around the tunnel is improved. However, the ground may be improved up to the tunnel excavation area or may not be the entire circumference if necessary. At this time, a rock bolt (not shown) may be driven on the excavated wall surface around the face using the piercing machine 8 which is vacant. At the time of drilling work, the first excavator 13 is stored in the space of the first gantry 3 and stands by.

On the other hand, in parallel with the drilling work of the upper stage 2a, in the lower stage 2b, the second excavator 19 excavates the face portion of a constant length and inverts excavation. The excavation shear generated by these excavations is placed on the front member 16a that is inclined downward of the belt conveyor 16, and
It is conveyed rearward through b and is loaded on a transportation vehicle D such as an unloading truck positioned at the end of the belt conveyor 16.

When the ground improvement by the injection material is completed, each boring machine 8 is retracted and returned to its original position.
As described above, the first excavator 13 is moved forward to be positioned in front of the first gantry 3, and excavation of the face portion with a constant length is performed. At this time, the belt conveyor 16 lifts the front member 16a by the electric chain block 18 so that the front member 16a is substantially horizontal and linear with the rear member 16b, and is moved forward along the support rail 17 to excavate the front member 16a. It is brought close to an auxiliary belt conveyor 14 attached to the rear of the machine 13. As a result, the excavation shear is conveyed rearward through the auxiliary belt conveyor 14 and the belt conveyor 16, and the transportation vehicle D positioned at the end of the belt conveyor 16
Be loaded into.

After the excavation shear is discharged, the first excavator 13 is automatically propelled back, and the work cage 12, which has been standing by backward on the first platform 3, is moved forward to excavate from the front end of the tunnel workstation 1. Face the wall. And
A rock bolt (not shown) is driven by the boring machine 8 on the exposed excavation wall surface. After that, the support and wire nets divided for the primary lining are conveyed by an appropriate means, and the worker installs the support on the excavation wall on the work cage 12 and installs the wire net between the existing support. Do the work. After that, the concrete spraying machine 11 waiting on the first pedestal 3 is advanced to the support construction part to spray the concrete, and the primary lining work of the upper half part is completed.

On the other hand, in the lower stage 2b as well, the primary lining work of the lower half is performed similarly to the upper half, and in parallel with this, the invert form 20a is set in the invert excavating section and the invert placing device 20 is installed. To place concrete to form an invert.

The formation of the invert is performed by the invert placing device 20 utilizing the space below the tunnel workstation 1, so that the steps from the upper stage piercing / injecting, the upper and lower face excavation to the primary lining are performed. It can be done in the cycle work. Further, in the present embodiment, the drilling / injecting work is performed on the upper stage when excavating the lower stage, but the lock bolt and the primary lining work other than the excavating process on the upper stage may be performed.

After the wall lining and the invert inside the tunnel 2 are constructed, a new rail is connected to the front side of the rail 7 on the bottom surface of the tunnel 2 and added. After laying this new rail, the entire tunnel workstation 1 is advanced by a certain length. The endless crawler belt 5 under the first gantry 3 moves on the surface of the upper stage 2a, and at the same time, the wheels 6 under the second gantry 4 travel on the rails 7, whereby the tunnel workstation 1 can be smoothly moved forward. it can. With the forward movement of the tunnel workstation 1, the first excavator 13, the second excavator 19, and the invert placing device 2
0 is also moved forward by a predetermined distance.

When the tunnel workstation 1 is moved forward, if there is a slight gap or the like on the inner wall surface of the existing lining, the quick-linking material supply device 21 and / or the concrete spraying machine 22 immediately It can be repaired. Therefore, spring water from the outside can be prevented.
Then, the tunnel 2 is dug by repeating the above cycle. Although the first excavator 13 is a free-section excavator in the present embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this. The same applies to the second excavator 19.

[0037]

As described above, according to the invention of claim 1, it is an upper half-section advanced excavation method for dividing a tunnel face into upper and lower tiers, and is equipped with a plurality of piercing machines and an injection device. Using a tunnel workstation, a region corresponding to the front of the cutting face and the outer periphery of the tunnel cross section is drilled with the drilling machine before the excavation of the upper stage and the ground improvement material is injected with the injection device to improve the ground and the lower stage. Section excavates the lower section with a second excavator and then the first section with the upper section.
Excavating with the excavator and performing the primary lining at the lower part, and repeating the above steps to build the tunnel, use the tunnel workstation with the upper half-section advanced excavation method to precede the upper part excavation. The lower tier is excavated while the outer periphery of the tunnel cross section is being improved, and the lower lining is performed when the upper tier is excavated, enabling efficient construction without waiting for the process and shortening the construction period. The effect that can be achieved.

According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a construction method for forming an invert by an invert placing device arranged in a space below the tunnel work station in one cycle of the process. Since the invert is placed by the invert placing device arranged in the space below the station, the construction can be performed regardless of the belt conveyor or the rail for traveling the carriage, and the construction period can be further shortened.

Further, according to the invention of claim 3, the first
Excavator can move forwards and backwards to and from the tunnel workstation by self-propelling, that is, the first excavator can move forwards and backwards to enter and leave the tunnel workstation. Switching between work and excavation can be done smoothly, and the construction period can be shortened.

Further, according to the invention of claim 4, the tunnel work station is provided with a belt conveyer which is movable along the length direction thereof, and by this belt conveyer, the first and second excavators can be operated. This is a construction method in which the excavated skid is transported to the rear and loaded on a transport vehicle.Because a belt conveyor that can move along the length direction was arranged in the tunnel workstation, the transport of the excavated skid to the rear of the tunnel workstation is possible. It will be easy.

Further, according to the invention of claim 5, an auxiliary belt conveyor for conveying the excavation shear by the first excavator to the rear is provided in front of the belt conveyor in the tunnel workstation, and the auxiliary belt is provided. Since the rear end of the conveyor is close to the front end of the belt conveyor and the excavation shear of the auxiliary belt conveyor can be transferred to the belt conveyor, the auxiliary belt provided in association with the belt conveyor facilitates the transportation of the upper excavation shear. Even when excavating the upper tier, work other than excavating the lower tier can be performed.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the belt conveyor is integrally formed of a front member and a rear member, and the front member is attached so as to be inclined downward from the rear member toward the front. By making the front member of the conveyor inclinable, there is an advantage that the excavation slip in the lower stage can be carried and there is no hindrance to work such as primary lining except during excavation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention, and is a schematic side view during a boring operation performed prior to excavation of an upper stage.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a tunnel construction method according to the present invention, and is a schematic side view at the time of excavation work of the upper stage performed after the ground improvement accompanying the drilling work.

3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.

5 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a view showing an example of ground improvement of the tunnel cross-section outer peripheral portion in front of the face prior to excavation of the upper stage, (a) is a side view of the ground improvement area, and (b) is a front view of the ground improvement area. .

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Tunnel workstation 2 ... tunnel 2a ... upper 2b ... bottom 3 ... The first mount 4 ... Second mount 5 ... Endless track 6 ... wheels 7 ... Rail 8 ... Punching machine 9 ... Guide rail 10 ... Injection device 11 ... Concrete spraying machine 12 ... Work cage 13 ... The first excavator 14 ... Auxiliary belt conveyor 15 ... Lifting mechanism 16 ... Belt conveyor 16a ... Front member 16b ... rear member 17 ... Support rail 18 ... Electric chain block 19 ... Second excavator 20 ... Invert placement device 21 ... Fastener supply device 22 ... Concrete spraying machine 23, 24 ... passage 25, 26 ... stairs

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An upper half-section advanced excavation method for dividing a tunnel face into upper and lower tiers, which uses a tunnel workstation equipped with a plurality of piercing machines, an injection device, etc., in front of the face prior to digging the upper face. And, the area corresponding to the tunnel cross-section outer peripheral portion is pierced by the piercing machine, and the ground is improved by injecting the ground improvement material by the injection device, and the lower tier is excavated by the second digging machine, A tunnel construction method characterized by excavating with a first excavator at the upper stage and then performing a primary lining at the lower stage, and repeating the above steps to construct a tunnel. 2. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein in one cycle of the process, an invert is formed by an invert placing device arranged in a space below the tunnel workstation. 3. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein the first excavator is capable of advancing and retreating by self-propelling and being able to move in and out of a tunnel workstation. 4. The tunnel workstation is provided with a belt conveyor movable along its length, and the belt conveyor conveys the skid excavated by the first and second excavators backward. The tunnel construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tunnel construction method is to load the transportation vehicle. 5. The tunnel work station is provided with an auxiliary belt conveyor for transporting the excavation shear by the first excavator to the rear, in front of the belt conveyor, and the rear end of the auxiliary belt conveyor is the belt conveyor. The tunnel construction method according to claim 4, wherein the excavation shear of the auxiliary belt conveyor can be transferred to the belt conveyor in the vicinity of the front end. 6. The belt conveyor according to claim 4, wherein the belt conveyor is integrally formed of a front member and a rear member, and the front member is attached so as to be inclined downward from the rear member toward the front. Item 5. The tunnel construction method according to item 5.