JP2003239689A - Structure of shield machine and method for exchanging its cutter bit - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure of a shield machine, in which a soil improvement or the like is made unnecessary for exchanging a cutter bit, and a method for exchanging the cutter bit. <P>SOLUTION: The structure of the shield machine is formed of a peripheral cutter 3 annularly forming the excavating surface 2 of the shield machine 1 and a main cutter 4 arranged inside of the cutter 3. A rotatable sphere 51 is housed on the rear of the excavating surface 2, the main cutter 4 is constituted in the sphere 51 in a freely projecting and retractable manner and detachable type roller cutters 61 are arranged to the peripheral cutter 3. A mounting- demounting tool 71 capable of moving the roller cutters 61 is installed at a place where the tool 71 is arranged on the excavating surface by the rotation of the sphere 51 in the sphere 51, thus exchanging the cutter bits disposed to each cutter. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure of a shield machine and a method of replacing a cutter bit thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A cutter bit for excavating rock, cobblestone, etc., which is arranged in front of a shield machine a, is replaced according to the degree of wear. Conventionally, the following is known as a method of exchanging the cutter bit. <B> After performing the ground improvement and the auxiliary construction method to reduce the groundwater level by the chemical solution injection, the worker goes out to the space formed between the face and the cutter head, and the cutter bit is replaced manually. Method. <B> In the spherical shield construction method, the Kattaspoke c
After expanding and contracting the elastic part c2 of 1 toward the central direction and storing it in the face plate d forming the central part of the excavated surface, the face plate d is drawn into the sphere b, and the sphere b is rotated to remove the cutter bit from inside the shield. A method of performing replacement work (see FIGS. 7 and 8).

[0003]

However, the above-mentioned conventional structure of the shield machine and the method of exchanging the cutter bit thereof have the following problems. <B> When exchanging the cutter bit outside the shield, there is concern that auxiliary work such as ground improvement will lengthen the process and cause groundwater and soil contamination. Further, when the radius of the excavated surface of the shield is large, for example, a shield exceeding 2 m requires temporary construction of scaffolding and is uneconomical. In addition, work outside the shield is dangerous as the ground collapses. <B> In the spherical shield construction method, when the entire excavation surface is composed of a face plate, the face plate cannot be expanded or contracted.
The cutter bit cannot be replaced.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and does not require auxiliary work such as ground improvement for exchanging cutter bits, which prolongs the process and groundwater. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a structure of a shield machine and a method of replacing the cutter bit without the occurrence of soil pollution. Another object of the present invention is to provide a structure of a shield machine that does not require temporary construction such as a scaffold for exchanging the cutter bit and a method for exchanging the cutter bit. Another object of the present invention is to provide a structure of a shield machine and a method of exchanging the cutter bit, which can replace the cutter bit even when the excavation surface of the shield machine is entirely formed of a face plate. The present invention achieves at least one of these objectives.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the structure of the shield machine and the method for exchanging the roller cutter thereof according to the present invention include an outer peripheral cutter for forming an excavated surface of the shield machine in an annular shape. In a structure of a shield machine formed from a main cutter arranged inside the outer peripheral cutter, a rotatable sphere is stored inside a shield on the back surface of the excavation surface, and the main cutter is configured to be freely movable in and out of the sphere. The cutter bit arranged on the main cutter is exchanged inside the shield.

In the structure of the shield machine described above,
A detachable detachable roller cutter is arranged on the outer peripheral cutter, and a detachable tool capable of moving the detachable roller cutter by expanding and contracting in the radial direction on the spherical body at a position to be disposed on the excavation surface by rotation of the spherical body. Is provided, and the desorption tool is rotatable,
In addition, it is characterized in that they are connected by a supporting material that can be accommodated in the sphere.

In the structure of the shield machine described above,
It is characterized in that an erector for arranging segments is used for the detachable tool.

In the method for replacing the roller cutter using the structure of the shield machine described above, the rotation of the excavation surface is stopped, the main cutter and the detachable tool are pulled into the sphere side, and the sphere is rotated to move the sphere. The detachable tool is arranged on the excavation surface, the detachable roller cutter and the detachable tool are arranged on substantially the same plane, and the detachable roller cutter is replaced by the detachable tool.

[0009]

Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<A> Basic Structure The excavation surface 2 of the present invention is formed by a face plate composed of an outer peripheral cutter 3 formed in an annular shape and a main cutter 4 forming the inside of the outer peripheral cutter 3. Cutter bits are placed on the entire surface of each cutter. Here, the cutter bit includes a roller cutter and other known cutter bits. The outer peripheral cutter 3 and the main cutter 4 can rotate as a single body or as separate bodies. When these are integrally rotated, for example, the surfaces where both cutters are in contact with each other may be formed in a corrugated shape in the circumferential direction to be fitted (see FIG. 3). Further, the main cutter 4 is provided with a mechanism that moves in the axial direction of the shield separately from the outer peripheral cutter 3, and can move in and out of the sphere 51 located on the back surface of the excavation surface 2. The sphere 51 can be independently rotated by an arbitrary drive mechanism. Therefore, the cutter bit arranged on the main cutter 4 can be exchanged inside the shield. Hereinafter, each part will be described in detail.

<B> Main Cutter (See FIG. 1) The main cutter 4 constitutes the central portion of the excavation surface 2 and is arranged inside the outer peripheral cutter 3. A publicly known replaceable cutter bit can be arranged in the main cutter 4. Main cutter 4
Are located on the front surface of the sphere 51 and are connected by a mechanism capable of freely entering and leaving the sphere 51. Here, for the mechanism in which the main cutter 4 can freely move in and out, for example, a retractable jack 54 or the like that can be expanded and contracted in the axial direction of the shield can be used. The moving range of the main cutter 4 by the freely movable mechanism includes at least the range from the fixed position of the main cutter 4 at the time of excavation to the locus 9 (see FIG. 4) formed by the rotation of the sphere 51, and is not necessarily the sphere. It does not have to be housed inside the 51 structure.

<C> Sphere (Refer to FIG. 1) The sphere 51 is hollow, and can freely rotate about a rotating shaft 52 that is radially extended inside the shield machine 1 as a support shaft. A jack or the like can be used to rotate the sphere 51 (not shown). Inside the sphere 51, the main cutter 4 is rotated, and the rotation shaft 52
A so-called pull-in jack 54 of a driving device, which moves in a direction substantially perpendicular to the above, and a device for discharging earth and sand are housed. This sphere 51 is not a complete sphere, but a part thereof is cut out, and the main cutter 4 is arranged on the front surface thereof. The opening of the notch is larger than the locus of the outer shape drawn by the main cutter 4, and the cylindrical body 53 may be arranged inside the opening so that the main cutter 4 moves in and out.

A desorption tool 71, which will be described later, can be provided on the sphere 51 at a position to be placed on the excavation surface by the rotation of the sphere 51. Further, a work lock 75 that can be freely shut off from the outside is provided in the disposing part of the detachable tool 71, and the detachable roller cutter 61 that is located in the front and projects from the opening of the work lock 75 is grasped inside thereof. A possible receiving jack 74 can also be arranged (see FIG. 2). By using these together, the removable roller cutter 61 can be replaced without going outside the shield. this is,
In particular, it can be used when the shield is used at the water level and can be performed by the known procedure of the spherical shield construction method. In the gap between the shield body and the sphere 51, a seal 55 or the like can be used to shut off the inside and the outside of the tunnel. Further, the sphere 51 may be provided with a hatch 82 through which workers, tools and the like come in and out, and this may be provided in the main cutter 4. The form and mechanism of the sphere 51 need not necessarily be based on the above.

[0014]

Second Embodiment <A> Basic Configuration FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a shield machine 1 of the present invention.
In the structure of the shield machine of the first embodiment described above,
The desorption tool 71 is arranged on the sphere 51 at a position to be arranged on the excavation surface by the rotation of the sphere 51. Here, the position on the excavation surface on the sphere 51 refers to the range of the sphere 51 in which the main cutter 4 is projected in the axial direction of the shield. That is, it includes the entire range on the spherical surface that changes with the rotation of the sphere 51.
The attachment / detachment tool 71 is arranged on the fixed portion 56 arranged on the sphere 51 via the support material 72, and moves by rotation and movement of the support material 72. It should be noted that an erector for arranging segments can be used as the detachable tool 71. The moving range of the detachable tool 71 in the shield axis direction includes at least the position where the removable roller cutter 61 arranged on the outer peripheral cutter 3 can be pulled out from the outer peripheral cutter 3 from the rotation trajectory 9 of the spherical body 51. When an erector is used as the attachment / detachment tool 71, its position is also included. Also, the desorption tool 7
1 does not necessarily have to be housed inside the sphere 51.
Further, the above-mentioned receiving jack 74 and work lock 75 may be provided on the sphere 51.

<B> Removable Roller Cutter (see FIG. 3) The removable roller cutter 61 is arranged in a cassette groove 62 which is open toward the center of the outer peripheral cutter 3. A plurality of cassette grooves 62 can be engraved. Cassette groove 62
Need only be opened in the central direction, and need not necessarily be opened outward. In the form of the removable roller cutter 61, a part thereof is arranged so as to project in the excavation direction in a three-dimensional cassette in which the roller cutter is formed in a square shape. Therefore, the roller cutter can be easily replaced by simply removing it from the cassette. Further, the cassette is provided with a mechanism that can be held by the detaching tool 71 and the receiving jack 74. One or more removable roller cutters 61 may be arranged in one cassette groove 62, or a cassette (not shown) in which no roller cutter is arranged may be arranged in combination.

<C> Desorption tool The desorption tool 71 can move by gripping the removable roller cutter 61 arranged on the outer peripheral cutter 3 and expanding and contracting in the radial direction. To replace with a new roller cutter, use the detachment tool 71
And a support member 72 that can move and rotate in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rotation shaft 52. Here, the desorption tool 7
The radial expansion / contraction of 1 includes not only expansion / contraction on one plane but also expansion / contraction of the operation of the support member 72 at the same time, including the operation exhibited by a device such as the manipulator 73 (see FIG. 2). ). As an alternative to the attachment / detachment tool 71, for example, an erector such as a manipulator 73 used for arranging the segments inside the shield can also be used. In this case, the tool is modified and used, for example, by providing a tool capable of gripping the removable roller cutter 61 at its tip. Further, in the case of a member such as the manipulator 73 that is capable of expanding and contracting without having a penetrating mechanism to the sphere 51,
The sphere 51 can be fixed to the closed fixing portion 56. As a result, the watertightness inside the shield can be maintained. Further, by being used in combination with the receiving jack 74 arranged in the work lock 75 of the water-impervious structure, the worker can replace the removable roller cutter 61 without going out of the shield.

When the desorption tool 71 is arranged on the opposite side of the main cutter 4 with the sphere 51 sandwiched between them, the main cutter 4 is directed in the retreating direction of the shield by the rotation of the sphere 51 by 180 degrees.
The desorption tool 71 faces the excavation direction. As a result, the cutter bits placed on both cutters can be replaced at the same time. Note that this arrangement relationship does not necessarily have to be based on the above. In that case, the sphere 51 is rotated twice and the cutter bits to be arranged are exchanged.

Next, an embodiment of the structure of the shield machine of the present invention and the method of exchanging the cutter bit thereof will be described.

[0019]

[Example 1] The rotation of the excavation surface 2 is stopped, and the earth discharging equipment, the fluid equipment and the like in the shield are separated. The main cutter 4 is released from any fixing such as the outer peripheral cutter 3. By shortening the pull-in jack 54, the main cutter 4 is pulled into the sphere 51 along the tubular body 53. The main cutter 4 and the trajectory 9 of the sphere 51
After being stored inside, the main cutter 4 is moved to a predetermined position by the rotation of the sphere 51. At this time, the main cutter 4 is a sphere 51.
Temporarily fix to. Remove the worn cutter bit placed on the main cutter 4 and replace it with a new one. After the replacement, the above work is rewound and the main cutter 4 is arranged at the original position.

[0020]

[Embodiment 2] <B> Storage of main cutter and desorption tool in spherical body FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the structure of a shield machine of Embodiment 2. The steps from the stop of the rotation of the excavation surface 2 to the drawing of the main cutter 4 into the sphere 51 are performed according to the procedure of the first embodiment. Next, the desorption tool 71 arranged on the opposite side of the sphere 51 is slid to the sphere 51 side and accommodated. At this time, an erector such as a manipulator 73 can be used as the detachable tool 71.

<B> Rotation of sphere After arranging the respective members within the locus 9 of the sphere 51, the sphere 5
Rotate 1 (see FIG. 4). The sphere 51 is rotated 180 degrees. When the disposition tool 71 and the main cutter 4 are arranged differently from the above, one of them is preferentially rotated to a predetermined position, and the cutter bits are sequentially replaced.

<C> Replacement of removable roller cutter Next, the removable tool 71 housed in the spherical body 51 is moved to a predetermined position by pushing out and rotating the support member 72. The detachable roller cutter 61 is pulled out from the cassette groove 62 by the grasping and extending mechanism of the detachable tool 71 (see FIG. 5). Then, the support material 72 is rotated as needed. For example, the worker may move to a position where replacement work is easy (FIG. 6).
reference). The worker arranges the hatch 82 provided on the main cutter 4 through the inside of the sphere 51. The removable roller cutter 61 is removed from the removable tool 71 and replaced with a new roller cutter. The above work is repeated to replace the roller cutter arranged on the outer peripheral cutter 3. The order of exchanging the cutter bit arranged on the main cutter 4 and the removable roller cutter 61 of the outer peripheral cutter 3 is not particularly limited. After exchanging the cutter bit placed on each cutter, the work is rewound and the excavation is performed again.

[0023]

The structure of the shield machine and the method for exchanging the cutter bit thereof according to the present invention are as described above, so that the following effects can be obtained. <A> The excavated surface of the present invention comprises an outer peripheral cutter formed in an annular shape and a main cutter. The main cutter is movable in the axial direction of the shield and can move in and out of the sphere. In addition, the rotatable sphere is provided with a detachable tool that can hold a detachable roller cutter and move it to an arbitrary position. Therefore, the cutter bit arranged on the entire surface of the cutter can be replaced without coming out of the shield, which is safe. Also,
Since auxiliary work such as ground improvement is not required, pollution does not occur and the process is shortened. Further, even in a shield having a large diameter, a scaffold is not required, and since human work is hardly required, high safety can be secured. <B> Further, this detachment tool is economical because it can be used as an erector such as a manipulator used inside the shield when the shield is dug. Further, by using the receiving jack and the work lock together, it is possible to replace the roller cutter arranged on the outer peripheral cutter without completely going out of the shield. Therefore, it is possible to deal with a case where water tightness is required.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of an embodiment of a structure of a shield machine of the present invention and a method of replacing a cutter bit thereof.

FIG. 2 is a sectional explanatory view of an embodiment of the structure of the shield machine of the present invention and the method of exchanging the cutter bit thereof.

FIG. 3 is a front explanatory view of the shield machine of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional explanatory view of an embodiment of the structure of the shield machine of the present invention and the method of exchanging the cutter bit thereof.

FIG. 5 is a sectional explanatory view of an embodiment of the structure of the shield machine of the present invention and the method of exchanging the cutter bit thereof.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the structure of the shield machine of the present invention and the method of exchanging the cutter bit thereof.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a conventional shield machine.

FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of a conventional shield machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Shield machine 2 ... Excavation surface 3 ... Peripheral cutter 4 ... Main cutter 51 ... Sphere 61 ... Removable roller cutter 71 ··· Detachment tool 72 ·· Supporting materials

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Itsuo Hirano             1-25-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Taisei             Construction Co., Ltd. F term (reference) 2D054 AC02 AD07 BA07 BB07

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A structure of a shield machine comprising an outer peripheral cutter forming an excavation surface of a shield machine in an annular shape and a main cutter arranged inside the outer peripheral cutter, wherein the shield machine is rotatable inside a shield on the rear surface of the excavation surface. A structure of a shield machine, characterized in that a sphere is stored, the main cutter is configured to freely move in and out of the sphere, and a cutter bit arranged on the main cutter is exchanged inside a shield. 2. The structure of the shield machine according to claim 1, wherein a detachable roller cutter is arranged on the outer peripheral cutter, and the sphere is arranged at a position on the excavation surface by the rotation of the sphere. A shield machine, characterized by being provided with a detachable tool capable of expanding and contracting in a radial direction to move the detachable roller cutter, the detachable tool being rotatable and connected by a support member capable of being housed in the spherical body. Construction. 3. The structure of the shield machine according to claim 2, wherein an erector for arranging segments is used in the desorption tool. 4. A method for exchanging a cutter bit by using the structure of a shield machine according to claim 2 or 3, wherein rotation of an excavation surface is stopped, and the main cutter and the detachable tool are attached to the sphere side. And disposing the detachable tool on the excavation surface by rotating the sphere, further disposing the detachable roller cutter and the detachable tool on substantially the same plane, and exchanging the detachable roller cutter with the detachable tool. A method of exchanging the cutter bit of the shield machine, which is characterized in that