JP2003201873A - Method for making stroke of piston in real expansion step at the time of expansion step longer than that in real compression step at the time of compression step, when piston valve and rotary valve are used for 4-cycle and 6-cycle engine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for making a stroke of a piston in a real expansion step at the time of an expansion step longer than that in a real compression step at the time of a compression step, when a piston valve and a rotary valve (Patent Application No.H3-356145) are used for a 4-cycle engine and a 6-cycle engine (Patent Application Nos.H2-417964 and H8-172736). <P>SOLUTION: At an intake step (in the case of a 6-cycle engine, a first intake step), a valve (a piston valve) opened at a top dead center and closed at a bottom dead center, or an air port (a rotary valve) is provided. At a compression step, a valve opened at a bottom dead center and closed in front of a top dead center, or an air port is provided. A space with nothing (where mixture or air is temporarily retained) is attached beyond it. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a 4-cycle engine (gasoline engine, diesel engine and cylinder injection gasoline engine), 6-cycle engine [gasoline engine and diesel engine (Patent application No. 41 of 1990).
7964) and in-cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine (1996 Patent Application No. 172736). ], Piston valve, rotary valve (1991 patent application No. 3561
No. 45) when using the compression process, the expansion process and the expansion process are longer than the actual compression process. Measures and mutuality with other cylinders when there are multiple cylinders.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the process of using a piston valve and a rotary valve in a conventional 4-cycle engine and 6-cycle engine, the theory is that compression ratio = expansion ratio (actually, it differs depending on the valve timing, etc.). It comes.)

[0003]

In the process of using a piston valve and a rotary valve in a conventional four-cycle engine and six-cycle engine, the process of expansion is caused by an explosion during the expansion process. Before it ends, it moves to the exhaust process, and the energy (power, torque) generated by the explosion is exhausted without being sufficiently transmitted to the piston and crank shaft. there were.

The present invention is more suitable for the expansion process during the expansion process than the actual compression process during the compression process when piston valves and rotary valves are used in a 4-cycle engine and a 6-cycle engine. In terms of stroke, the purpose is to obtain a method that takes a long time.
The purpose is to get reciprocity with other cylinders.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, when a piston valve and a rotary valve are used in a 4-cycle engine and a 6-cycle engine of the present invention, a step of really compressing in a compression step Rather than the expansion process, in the method of taking the process that really expands in terms of stroke, in the intake process (the first intake process in the case of a 6-cycle engine), it opens at the top dead center. There are two types of valves, a mouth and a valve that closes at bottom dead center and a mouth and a valve that opens at bottom dead center and closes before top dead center during the compression process
Provide valves and vents.

[0006] The above-mentioned two types of valves, a space (an air-fuel mixture or a place where air temporarily stagnates) is attached to the end of the passage from (to) the air port.

The passages of the above-mentioned two types of valves and air vents to the empty space are attached to the ends of the empty space.

In the case of multiple cylinders, the empty space described above is connected to the empty spaces of the other cylinders.

In the case of a 4-cycle engine, 4
When the number of cylinders is higher than the cylinder, the valve opens at the top dead center during the intake stroke, and closes at the bottom dead center.When the air port opens during the intake stroke, open at the bottom dead center during the compression stroke of other cylinders. Directly connect to the valve that closes before dead point, the valve that closes in the compression process in the air port, the air port.

Further, in the case of a 6-cycle engine, 6
When the number of cylinders is equal to or more than the cylinder, the valve that opens at the top dead center during the first intake stroke and closes at the bottom dead center, when the air port opens during the first intake stroke, at that time, during the compression stroke of another cylinder, Directly connect to the valve that opens at bottom dead center and closes before top dead center, the valve that closes in the compression process in the air port, and the air port.

Also, during the compression process, a valve that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center, and as a countermeasure against excessive opening of the air vent, during the expansion process, a 4-cycle diesel engine,
In the case of in-cylinder injection 4-cycle gasoline engine, 6-cycle diesel engine, and in-cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, the intake valve and intake port are opened at the bottom dead center before it expands too much and becomes resistance to rotation. Close (Before expanding too much and becoming a resistance of rotation, opening the intake port and closing it at the bottom dead center does not mean to use the intake port of the same rotary valve, but to the rotary valve with the intake port, It is to establish a new mouth.)

Further, as a countermeasure against a valve that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center during the compression process, and when the air outlet is too open, during the expansion process, in the case of a 4-cycle gasoline engine, An intake valve and intake port dedicated to air are provided. For a 6-cycle gasoline engine, an intake valve and intake port (2
Intake valve and intake port during the second intake stroke. ), Open before it expands too much to resist rotation and close at bottom dead center.

[0013]

When the piston valve and the rotary valve are used in the four-cycle engine and the six-cycle engine configured as described above, the expansion process is really expanded during the expansion process rather than the compression process during the compression process. In the method of taking a stroke that is longer than the stroke, in the intake stroke, a valve that opens at the top dead center and closes at the bottom dead center
During the compression process, the true compression ratio <expansion ratio (there is nothing) due to the provision of a valve that opens at bottom dead center and closes before top dead center Space is necessary.)
Can be performed.

The above-mentioned valve that opens at top dead center during the intake stroke and closes at bottom dead center and the air port and the valve that opens at bottom dead center before the top dead center during the compression stroke and closes Due to the installation of the empty space at the tip of the passage from the mouth, the air-fuel mixture or air is reduced into the cylinder during the next intake process.

And a four-stroke gasoline engine,
In the case of a 6-cycle gasoline engine, the air-fuel mixture is reduced so that fuel is not wasted.

Further, during the intake stroke, a valve and an air vent that open at top dead center and close at bottom dead center, and during a compression stroke, a valve and an air vent that open at bottom dead center and close to before top dead center. , The air-fuel mixture or air flows in a certain direction by attaching the passage to the empty space to the end of the empty space.

Also, in the case of multiple cylinders, due to the fact that the empty space is connected to the empty space of the other cylinders as one, the air-fuel mixture or air will be discharged without waiting for the next intake process. The process of each cylinder can be assembled so that air is taken in during the intake process of other cylinders.

In the case of the 4-cycle diesel engine, the cylinder injection 4-cycle gasoline engine, the 6-cycle diesel engine, and the cylinder-injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, the top dead center is opened during the intake stroke, and the bottom dead center is set. The valve that closes at, the air port, and the empty space are not needed. The valve that opens at the bottom dead center during the compression process and closes before the top dead center is the only air valve that can be compressed during the compression process. The process that really expands during the expansion process,
In terms of stroke, a longer method can be obtained, and even if the exhaust valve and exhaust port are substituted, that method can be obtained, but in the case of the number of cylinders described below, it is better to connect (exhaust port The thing to substitute is not to use the same exhaust port, but to provide a rotary valve with an exhaust port.

In the case of a 4-cycle engine, it is 4
When it is more than a cylinder, it is possible to make each cylinder perform a different process, so during the intake process, the valve that opens at the top dead center and closes at the bottom dead center, when the mouth opens at the intake process, at that time, other During the compression process of the cylinder, the valve that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center, the valve that closes in the compression process in the air port, and the direct connection to the air port Sometimes, it is inhaled in the form of being compressed by other cylinders, and when it is in the compression process, it opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center. Due to the direct connection to the valve that opens at the top dead center and closes at the bottom dead center during the intake stroke of the cylinder of
At the time of the compression process, it is compressed in a form of being sucked into another cylinder.

Further, in the case of a 6-cycle engine, when the number of cylinders is 6 or more, each cylinder can perform a different process. Therefore, during the first intake process, it opens at the top dead center and closes at the bottom dead center. When the valve and the air port are opened in the first intake stroke, at that time, in the compression stroke of the other cylinder, the valve is opened at the bottom dead center and closed before the top dead center. Due to the direct connection to the valve and air port that are closed in the process, during the first intake process, it is inhaled in the form of being compressed by another cylinder,
Also, during the compression process, the valve that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center, when the air vent closes during the compression process,
In the other cylinder, during the first intake stroke, the valve that opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center, the valve that opens in the first intake stroke in the air mouth, and the direct connection to the air mouth Due to this, during the compression process, it is compressed while being taken into another cylinder.

During the compression process, a valve that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center, and as a countermeasure against excessive opening of the air vent, during the expansion process, a four-cycle diesel engine and a cylinder In the case of injection 4-cycle gasoline engine, 6-cycle diesel engine, and in-cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, open the intake valve and intake port and close them at bottom dead center before they expand too much and become a resistance to rotation. Due to
Furthermore, the ratio of compression ratio <expansion ratio can be made high, and the expansion process can be performed smoothly.

In the compression process, a valve that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center, and as a countermeasure against excessive opening of the air vent, during the expansion process, in the case of a 4-cycle gasoline engine, An intake valve and intake port dedicated to air are provided. For a 6-cycle gasoline engine, an intake valve and intake port dedicated to air are
Due to the fact that it opens before it expands too much and becomes a resistance to rotation and closes at bottom dead center, the ratio of compression ratio <expansion ratio is high, and the expansion process can be performed smoothly.

[0023]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Referring to the drawings, an embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 12 when a piston valve and a rotary valve are used in a 4-cycle engine and a 6-cycle engine during a compression process. Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of valves and air vents in a method of taking a stroke that really expands at the time of expansion step rather than a step of really compressing, as shown in Figs. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a piston valve used in the four-stroke gasoline engine of FIG. 1, showing an intake valve and an exhaust valve dedicated to the air-fuel mixture, and opening at the top dead center and the bottom dead center during the intake stroke. With a closing valve,
During the compression process, a valve that opens at bottom dead center and closes before top dead center, and an intake valve for air only (opens at bottom dead center and closes before top dead center during compression process) FIG. 6 is a diagram showing that, as a countermeasure against the excess, an intake valve for air only, which is opened before it expands excessively and becomes resistance to rotation during the expansion process, and is closed at bottom dead center (hereinafter referred to as “intake valve”). During the intake stroke, the valve that opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center is valve a, and during the compression stroke, the valve that opens at bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center is valve b. Yes, the intake valve dedicated to air is the valve c, and the valve a in the 6-cycle engine is the valve a in the first intake stroke,
Is. ). Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a four-cycle gasoline engine with rotary valves, including three rotary valves, two of which are cross-sections (inner type)
Is an H type, and an intake port and an exhaust port dedicated to the air-fuel mixture, an air port that opens at top dead center during the intake process and closes at bottom dead center, and a top dead position that opens at bottom dead center during the compression process An air inlet that closes before the point, and an air intake port for air only (opens at the bottom dead center during the compression process, and closes the space before the top dead center. It is a diagram showing that there is a part with an air intake port that opens before it expands too much and becomes resistance to rotation and closes at bottom dead center. The mouth that opens at the point and closes at the bottom dead center is the mouth d, and the mouth that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center at the compression step is the mouth e and air. The dedicated intake port is the air port f,
The air outlet d in the case of the 6-cycle engine is the air outlet d in the first intake stroke. ). Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view when a piston valve is used in a four-cycle diesel engine, including a valve that also serves as an intake valve and a valve c,
It is a figure which shows having provided the exhaust valve, the valve a, and the valve b. FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view when a rotary valve is used in a four-cycle diesel engine, and two rotary valves having an H-shaped cross section are used, and an intake port, an air port f, an exhaust port,
It is a figure which shows having provided the part with the mouth d and the mouth e. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder injection four-cycle gasoline engine using a piston valve, showing that a valve that doubles as an intake valve and a valve c, an exhaust valve, a valve a, and a valve d are provided. FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a cylinder injection four-cycle gasoline engine using a rotary valve, using two rotary valves having an H-shaped cross section, an intake port, an air port f, and an exhaust port. It is a figure which shows having provided the part which has the mouth d, and the mouth e. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a 6-cycle gasoline engine using a piston valve, showing an intake valve dedicated to the air-fuel mixture, an exhaust valve that also serves as the first and second exhausts, a valve a, and a valve b. Two
It is a figure which shows having provided the valve which served as the valve and the valve c at the time of the intake process of the 1st time. Figure 8 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a 6-cycle gasoline engine using a rotary valve, in which three rotary valves are used, two of which have H-shaped cross sections, and an intake port dedicated to the air-fuel mixture is provided. The first and second exhaust ports,
It is a figure which shows having provided the part with the air inlet d, the air outlet e, and the 2nd intake opening and the air outlet f. Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view when a piston valve is used in a 6-cycle diesel engine. It is a valve that serves as both the first and second intake valves and valve c, and an exhaust valve that also serves as the first and second exhaust. It is a figure showing that valve a and valve b were provided. FIG. 10 is a transverse cross-sectional view when a rotary valve is used in a 6-cycle diesel engine, and two rotary valves having an H-shaped cross section are used, and an intake port and an air port f at the first and second times, First and second exhaust port, air port d, and air port e
It is a figure which shows having provided the part with. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine using a piston valve, which serves as both the first and second intake valves and the valve c as well as the first and second exhausts. It is a figure which shows having provided the exhaust valve, the valve a, and the valve b. FIG. 12 is a transverse cross-sectional view when a rotary valve is used in a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, and two rotary valves having H-shaped cross sections are used, and the intake port and the intake port of the first and second times f, the first and second exhaust ports, and the air port d,
It is a figure which shows having provided the part with the mouth e. Is.

Further, the valves c, shown in FIGS.
The air port f is not necessary unless the valve b and the air port e are opened too much during the compression process.

And a 4-cycle gasoline engine,
1, 6 and 7 when a piston valve and a rotary valve are used in a 6-cycle gasoline engine.
In FIG. 8, a vaporizer is attached.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 13 to 24, FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view on the assumption that FIG. 1 is viewed from the direction of the section AA. 14 is a vertical cross-sectional view, assuming that FIG. 2 is viewed from the direction of the cross section BB. 15 is a vertical cross-sectional view, assuming that FIG. 3 is viewed from the direction of the cross section CC. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view on the assumption that FIG. 4 is viewed from the direction of the section DD. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view on the assumption that FIG. 5 is viewed from the direction of the section EE. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view on the assumption that FIG. 6 is viewed from the direction of the section FF. 19 is a longitudinal sectional view on the assumption that FIG. 7 is viewed from the direction of the section GG. 20 is a longitudinal sectional view on the assumption that FIG. 8 is viewed from the direction of the section HH. 21 is a longitudinal sectional view on the assumption that FIG. 9 is viewed from the direction of the section I-I. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view on the assumption that FIG. 10 is viewed from the direction of the section J-J. 23 is a longitudinal sectional view on the assumption that FIG. 11 is viewed from the direction of the section KK. 24 is a longitudinal sectional view on the assumption that FIG. 12 is viewed from the direction of the section L-L. Is.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1, 4, and 13, valves a and b, and air openings d and e are provided with empty spaces as typical examples. , Of mouth d and mouth e,
Passages to and from the empty space are attached to the ends of the empty space.

Then, the valve shown in FIGS.
The number of mouths indicates only the minimum required number,
In addition, the empty space is the one attached to FIGS. 1, 4, and 13 as a typical example, and the number, arrangement, and size of the valves and the air vents vary depending on the engine.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 25-32,
When using a piston valve in a 6-cycle gasoline engine, when compressing, when compressing, when expanding, when expanding, it is the process that takes a longer stroke, Showing a cross section GG
25 is a longitudinal sectional view on the assumption that the mixture is viewed from the direction of FIG. 25. FIG. 25 to FIG. 32 are the first intake process (the intake process of the air-fuel mixture) of FIG. Open at and close at bottom dead center Exhaust valve that also serves as the first and second exhaust, and valve b
Then, the valve that doubles as the valve and the valve c during the second intake stroke is closed. FIG. 26 Compressing step-1 The intake valve dedicated to the air-fuel mixture, the valve a, and the exhaust valve that also serves as the first and second exhausts are closed, and the valve b is opened at the bottom dead center and before the top dead center. Closed, the valve that doubles as the valve and valve c during the second intake stroke is closed (valve b shown in FIG. 26 opens at bottom dead center, and the piston moves up by about two-thirds. It is a diagram that is assumed to be closed at the time point, and is also a diagram immediately before closing.). FIG. 27: Compression step-2 (ignition) Intake valve dedicated to air-fuel mixture, valve a, exhaust valve that also serves as first and second exhaust, valve b, and valve and valve during second intake step The valve that doubles as c is closed. FIG. 28 Expansion step-1 An intake valve dedicated to the air-fuel mixture, a valve a, an exhaust valve that also serves as the first and second exhausts, a valve b is closed, and a valve and a valve c at the time of the second intake step are closed. The combined valve opens before the air-fuel mixture expands too much and becomes a resistance to rotation (the valve that doubles as the valve and the valve c in the second intake stroke shown in FIG. 28 has a piston of about 3 minutes). 2 is a diagram that assumes that it opens when it descends, and also a diagram immediately after opening.). FIG. 29 Expansion step-2 (air intake step) An intake valve dedicated to the air-fuel mixture, a valve a, an exhaust valve that also serves as the first and second exhausts, and a valve b are closed during the second intake step. The valve that also serves as the valve and the valve c is closed at the bottom dead center (the valve that serves as the valve and the valve c at the time of the second intake process shown in FIG. 29 is a diagram immediately after closing). . Fig. 30 Intake valve dedicated to the first exhaust process mixture, valve a is closed, exhaust valve that also serves as the first and second exhausts is opened, valve b and the valve and valve during the second intake process The valve that doubles as c is closed. FIG. 31 Second intake process (air intake process) An intake valve dedicated to the air-fuel mixture, a valve a, an exhaust valve that also serves as the first and second exhausts, and a valve b are closed. The valve that doubles as the time valve and valve c is open. Fig. 32 Intake valve dedicated to the mixture in the second exhaust process, valve a is closed, the exhaust valve that also serves as the first and second exhausts is opened, and valve b and the valve and valve during the second intake process The valve that doubles as c is closed. FIG.

When a rotary valve is used in a 6-cycle gasoline engine, the expansion step and the expansion step are longer than the actual compression step in the compression step. A vertical cross-sectional view showing the steps of the method, which is assumed to be viewed from the direction of the cross section H-H, is not drawn, but the steps using the piston valve and the rotary valve are the same,
Omit it here.

Then, in the 4-cycle gasoline engine,
Shows the steps when using a piston valve or a rotary valve, when compressing, when expanding, when expanding, when expanding, it is the process that takes a long time to actually expand, rather than to actually compress. , Section A-A, section B
The vertical cross-sectional view, which is assumed to be viewed from the direction of −B, is not drawn, but the second intake process and exhaust process are omitted, and the names of the valve and the air port are the intake valve dedicated to the air-fuel mixture or the air-fuel mixture. Dedicated intake port and exhaust valve or exhaust port and valve a or air port d
, And the valve b or the air outlet e, and the valve c or the air outlet f are provided, the respective process diagrams can be drawn.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 33-40,
When using a piston valve in a cylinder-injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, in the compression process, in the expansion process, in the expansion process, the actual expansion process is longer than the actual compression process. FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process of time, which is assumed to be viewed from a direction of a cross section KK,
33 to FIG. 40, the first intake stroke of the first intake stroke and the second intake valve of the second intake valve and the valve that also serves as the valve c are opened, and the exhaust valve that also serves as the first and second exhaust is closed, and the valve a is Open,
The valve b is closed. Fig. 34 Compression process-1 First and second intake valves and valves that also serve as valve c, first and second exhaust valves that also serve as exhaust, valve a closed and valve b opened at bottom dead center It closes before the top dead center (the valve b shown in FIG. 34 opens at the bottom dead center, and the piston is about ½).
It is a diagram that is assumed to close when rising, and is also a diagram immediately before closing. ). FIG. 35 Compression Step-2 (Fuel Injection / Ignition) The first and second intake valves also serve as the valve c, the exhaust valves also serve as the first and second exhausts, the valve a, and the valve b. It's closed. FIG. 36 Expansion step-1 The valve that doubles as the intake valve and the valve c for the first and second cycles opens before it expands too much and becomes a resistance to rotation, and an exhaust valve that doubles as the first and second exhausts. The valves a and b are closed (see FIG. 36).
The valve that also serves as the intake valve and the valve c for the first and second times shown in FIG. 6 is a diagram that is assumed to open when the piston moves down by about three-quarters, and is also a diagram immediately after opening. ). FIG. 37 Expansion step-2 (air intake step) The valve that doubles as the first and second intake valves and valve c closes at bottom dead center, and the exhaust valve that doubles as the first and second exhausts and the valve a
And the valve b is also closed (the first time and 2 shown in FIG. 37).
The valve that doubles as the intake valve and the valve c for the second time is a diagram immediately after the valve is closed. ). FIG. 38 First Exhaust Process The first and second intake valves also serving as the valve c are closed, the first and second exhaust valves serving as the exhaust are open, and the valves a and b are open.
Is closed. In the second intake process, the valve that also serves as the first and second intake valves and the valve c is opened, and the exhaust valve that also serves as the first and second exhausts, the valve a, and the valve b are closed. FIG. 40 Second Exhaust Process First and second intake valves that also serve as valves c are closed, exhaust valves that also serve as first and second exhausts are open, and valves a and b
Is closed. FIG.

When a rotary valve is used in a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, during the compression process,
A longitudinal cross-sectional view, which is assumed to be viewed from the direction of the cross section L-L, showing a process of a method of taking a long time in terms of a stroke, in a process of actually expanding, in a process of expanding, rather than a process of really compressing. Although not shown, the steps when using a piston valve and when using a rotary valve are the same, so they are omitted here.

When a piston valve and a rotary valve are used in a cylinder injection 4-cycle gasoline engine, the process of actually expanding during the expansion process is more important than the process of actually compressing during the compression process. Sectional line EE, which shows the steps in the method of taking a long stroke,
A vertical cross-sectional view, which is assumed to be viewed from the direction of the cross section FF, is not drawn, but the second intake process and exhaust process are omitted,
The names of the valve and the air port are the valves that also serve as the intake valve and the valve c, or the intake port and the air port f, the exhaust valve, the exhaust port, the valve a, or the air port d, and the valve b. Or, if you change to the part with the mouth e, you can draw the drawing of each process.

Furthermore, a 4-cycle diesel engine,
When using a 6-cycle diesel engine with a piston valve and a rotary valve, the compression process, the compression process, the expansion process, the expansion process, the expansion process takes longer than the actual compression process. Although the vertical cross-sectional view, which is assumed to be viewed from the direction of cross-section C-C, cross-section D-D, cross-section I-I, and cross-section J-J, showing the process at the time, is also not drawn, in-cylinder injection 4-cycle gasoline Engine, in-cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, when using piston valve, rotary valve, during compression process,
If you omit the plug from the vertical cross-sectional view showing the process of taking a long stroke in terms of stroke, the process of expanding in the expansion process rather than the process of compressing Can be drawn.

25 to 40, the valve timing of the piston valve is the engine explosion speed
It is not included because it differs depending on the compression ratio, etc. when the rotation speed increases, decreases.

Further, the reason why the valve timing is not included is to facilitate the explanation of the process.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 41, the multi-cylinder (2
(Cylinders or more), by connecting the empty space in each cylinder with the empty space in the other cylinders, the air-fuel mixture or air will be released without waiting for the next intake process. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing that the process of each cylinder can be assembled so that air is taken in during the intake process of other cylinders.
It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a piston valve used in a cycle gasoline engine.

When there are multiple cylinders in another engine, the empty space in each cylinder is equal to the empty space in other cylinders.
You can also draw connected figures, but they have the same effect, so I will omit them here.

FIG. 41 is also a view on the assumption that the view is taken from the direction of the section MM, and the passages to (from) the empty spaces of the valves a and b are the ends of the empty space. And attached to the end.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 42, in the case of a four-cycle engine, when there are four or more cylinders, each cylinder can perform a different process. A valve that closes at a point, when the air port opens at the intake stroke, then at the time of the compression process of another cylinder, a valve that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before top dead center Due to the direct connection to the valve closed in the process, the air port, the air-fuel mixture or air is compressed into another cylinder from the valve closed in the top dead center and closed at the bottom dead point during the intake process. Is inhaled in the form of
In the compression process, it is a diagram showing that the valve is opened at the bottom dead center and closed before the top dead center, and that the air is compressed into the air port by another cylinder. FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of when a piston valve is used in an in-line four-cylinder, four-cycle diesel engine, which is assumed to be viewed from the direction of NN.

Although a diagram of four cylinders of another four-cycle engine can also be drawn, the operation is the same and therefore omitted here.

Although it is possible to draw a diagram of five cylinders or more of a four-cycle engine satisfying the above conditions, there are cases where the above two types of valves and air ports are associated with two or more cylinders, making it difficult to understand the action. So I will omit it here.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 43, in the case of a 6-cycle engine, when there are 6 or more cylinders, each cylinder can be made to perform a different process.
When the valve and air port that open at top dead center and close at bottom dead center open in the first intake stroke, at that time, during the compression stroke of the other cylinder, open at bottom dead center and before the top dead center. Due to the valve being closed in the compression process in the closing valve and the air port, and being directly connected to the air port, the air-fuel mixture or air opens at the top dead center during the first inspiration process and opens at the bottom dead center. It is inhaled in the form of being compressed into the other cylinders from the closing valve and the air port, and is opened at the bottom dead center during the compression process and closes before the top dead center. It is a diagram showing that the piston valve is used in the in-line 6-cylinder, in-cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, which is assumed to be viewed from the direction of the section O-O. , Is a longitudinal sectional view.

A diagram of the 6-cylinder of another 6-cycle engine can also be drawn, but since the operation is the same, it is omitted here.

A drawing of a 6-cycle engine with 7 cylinders or more satisfying the above conditions can be drawn, but the above-mentioned two types of valves and air ports are related to 2 or more cylinders, and the operation may be difficult to understand. So I will omit it here.

[0047]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it has the following effects.

When a piston valve and a rotary valve are used in a 4-cycle engine and a 6-cycle engine,
During the intake stroke (in the case of a 6-cycle engine, the first intake stroke), the valve opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center, the air vent, and the compression stroke opens at bottom dead center and opens at top dead center. By providing two kinds of valves, a mouth and a valve, which are closed between the front side and the mouth, the step of really expanding during the expanding step is more important than the step of really compressing during the compression step. In terms of stroke, a method that takes a long time can be obtained, and therefore, the compression ratio <expansion ratio (a space with no space is required), and the conventional 4-cycle engine, 6-cycle engine, piston valve, rotary When consuming the same amount of fuel as when using a valve, the energy (power torque) generated by the explosion can be transferred to the piston and crankshaft as much as possible.

Then, above the two types of valves and vents,
Due to the installation of an empty space (air mixture or a place where air temporarily stops), during the compression process, the air mixture,
Or, the air is compressed and enters the empty space, but is reduced in the cylinder at the time of the next intake stroke (in the case of a gasoline engine, the air-fuel mixture is liquefied, so the empty space is less than the cylinder). It is preferably on top.)

In particular, a 4-cycle gasoline engine and 6
When the piston valve and the rotary valve are used in the cycle gasoline engine, the air-fuel mixture is returned to the cylinder, so that the fuel is not wasted.

Also, with a 4-cycle diesel engine,
When a piston valve and a rotary valve are used in a cylinder injection 4-cycle gasoline engine, a 6-cycle diesel engine, and a cylinder-injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, the intake valve opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center. A valve, an air vent, and an empty space are no longer needed, and a valve that opens at the bottom dead center during the compression process and closes before the top dead center is a valve and an air vent that only compresses during the compression process. than,
In the expansion step, a method of lengthening the step of really expanding can be obtained if it is referred to as a stroke, and it can be obtained by substituting an exhaust valve and an exhaust port.
Therefore, it is better to use the exhaust port instead of using the same exhaust port instead of using the same exhaust port for the rotary valve with the exhaust port, the rotary valve with the first and second exhaust ports. During the compression process, an air port (air port e) that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center is provided. ].

Further, the valve a and the valve b, or the air port d and the air port e.
By installing the passage to the empty space at the end of the empty space, the air-fuel mixture or air flows in a certain direction, so that the air-fuel mixture interferes with the air-fuel mixture. It is less, and smooth process can be performed.

In the case of multiple cylinders, due to the fact that the empty space is connected to the empty spaces of the other cylinders, the air-fuel mixture or air does not wait for the next intake process. , The process of each cylinder is assembled so that it is taken in during the intake process of the other cylinder, and if the explosion speed is the same due to this, the stagnation time in a space without air-fuel mixture or air, Can be shortened,
Or, depending on the number of cylinders, eliminate the empty space,
The air-fuel mixture or air will not become stagnant.

In addition, it is more space-saving to have one empty space than to be installed in each cylinder.
The stagnation time in a space where there is no air-fuel mixture or air can be shortened or can be eliminated depending on the number of cylinders, so it can be further reduced, or the valve a of each cylinder can be reduced.
The valve b or the air outlet d and the air outlet e can be connected only.

Further, in the case of a 4-cycle engine, 4
When the number of cylinders is equal to or more than the cylinder, when the valve a or the air port d is opened in the intake process, at that time, the valve b or the air port e of another cylinder is closed in the compression process, the valve b, or Due to the direct connection to the air port e, the air-fuel mixture or air is compressed from the valve a or the air port d to the valve b or the air port e of another cylinder during the intake stroke. Is sucked into the valve b or the air outlet e at the time of the compression process, and is sucked into the valve a or the air port d of the other cylinder. Less time resistance.

Further, since there is no need for an empty space and the air-fuel mixture or air also flows in a fixed direction, a smoother process can be performed.

In the case of a 6-cycle engine, 6
When the number of cylinders is equal to or more than that of the cylinders, when the valve a or the air port d is opened in the first intake stroke, at that time, in the valve b or the air inlet e of the other cylinder, the valve b or the valve b is closed. , Or due to the fact that it is directly connected to the air port e, the air-fuel mixture during the first intake stroke,
Or, the air flows from the valve a or the air outlet d to another cylinder,
The valve b or the port e is inhaled in the form of being compressed, and the valve b or port e is inhaled to the valve a or the port d of another cylinder during the compression process. Since it is compressed by, the resistance during the first intake stroke and compression stroke is reduced.

Further, since there is no need for a space without anything and the air-fuel mixture or air also flows in a fixed direction, a smoother process can be performed.

Also, during the compression process, the valve b or the air outlet e
As a countermeasure against over-opening, the 4-stroke diesel engine, in-cylinder injection 4-cycle gasoline engine, 6-cycle diesel engine, and in-cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine will expand too much during the expansion process. Because the intake valve and intake port are opened and closed at the bottom dead center before the rotation resistance is reached, the ratio of compression ratio <expansion ratio is high and the expansion process can be performed smoothly.

Also, during the compression process, the valve b or the air outlet e
As a countermeasure when the valve is opened too much, during the expansion process, the valve c and the port f in the case of the 4-cycle gasoline engine and the 6-cycle gasoline engine (the valve of the second intake process in the case of the 6-cycle gasoline engine) Even if it is also used, the air vent f
May be provided. In addition, the ratio of compression ratio <expansion ratio can be increased, and the expansion process can be performed smoothly.

The fact that the ratio of compression ratio <expansion ratio can be made higher means that the exhaust gas is further diluted by the air, so that the exhaust process (in the case of 6-cycle engine) When the process moves from the second exhaust process) to the intake process (the first intake process in the case of a 6-cycle engine), the proportion of the true exhaust gas remaining decreases, and the next combustion (expansion) In the process), it approaches full combustion and leads to low pollution.

Furthermore, even with the same engine explosion speed,
When the load is high, the valve b or the mouth e is closed early, when the load is low, the valve b or the mouth e is closed late, and
Due to the use of the valve c or the air port f, it is possible to extract energy and consume fuel according to the situation.

Further, if the valve or the air port as described above is moved, the true compression ratio also changes. [A piston valve and a rotary valve were used in a 4-cycle engine and a 6-cycle engine. The purpose of the engine, the number of revolutions, the method of changing the compression ratio when the number of revolutions rises and falls, and the type of the device (Patent application No. 109 of 1995).
930). ], The true compression ratio suitable for the situation is obtained.

Then, as an alternative to the action of closing the valve and the air port early, late lately, or not opening [when a piston valve or a rotary valve is used in a 4-cycle engine or a 6-cycle gasoline engine, , A passage dedicated to the air-fuel mixture and a passage from an empty space,
Opening and closing the passage exclusively for air and the type of the opening and closing device (1995 Patent Application No. 97346). ] To close the
Close to the action of closing late or not opening.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of valve arrangement when a piston valve is used in a 4-cycle gasoline engine.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the arrangement of rotary valves when the rotary valve is used in a 4-cycle gasoline engine.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement of valves when a piston valve is used in a 4-cycle diesel engine.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the arrangement of rotary valves when using rotary valves in a 4-cycle diesel engine.

FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view showing an example of valve arrangement when a piston valve is used in a cylinder injection four-cycle gasoline engine.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the arrangement of rotary valves when a rotary valve is used in a cylinder injection four-cycle gasoline engine.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of valve arrangement when a piston valve is used in a 6-cycle gasoline engine.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the arrangement of rotary valves when the rotary valve is used in a 6-cycle gasoline engine.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement of valves when a piston valve is used in a 6-cycle diesel engine.

FIG. 10 is a transverse cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement of rotary valves when the rotary valve is used in a 6-cycle diesel engine.

FIG. 11 shows an example of valve arrangement when a piston valve is used in a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine,
FIG.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the arrangement of rotary valves when the rotary valve is used in a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine.

FIG. 13 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example in which FIG. 1 is viewed from the direction of the cross section AA.

FIG. 14 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment on the assumption that FIG. 2 is viewed from the direction of the cross section BB.

FIG. 15 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment on the assumption that FIG. 3 is viewed from the direction of the cross section CC.

FIG. 16 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example in which it is assumed that FIG. 4 is viewed from the direction of the cross section DD.

FIG. 17 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment on the assumption that FIG. 5 is viewed from the direction of the cross section EE.

FIG. 18 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example in which it is assumed that FIG. 6 is viewed from the direction of the section FF.

FIG. 19 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment on the assumption that FIG. 7 is viewed from the direction of the cross section GG.

FIG. 20 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example in which it is assumed that FIG. 8 is viewed from the direction of the section HH.

FIG. 21 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment on the assumption that FIG. 9 is viewed from the direction of the cross section I-I.

22 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example in which FIG. 10 is viewed from the direction of the section J-J.

FIG. 23 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example in which FIG. 11 is assumed to be viewed from the direction of the section KK.

FIG. 24 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an embodiment on the assumption that FIG. 12 is viewed from the direction of the cross section LL.

FIG. 25 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that it is viewed from the direction of a section GG [First intake process (intake process of air-fuel mixture)] ].

FIG. 26 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that the piston valve is viewed from the direction of a cross section GG (compression process-1).

FIG. 27 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when the piston valve is used in the 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that the piston valve is viewed from the direction of the cross section GG [compression process-2 (ignition)].

FIG. 28 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that the piston valve is viewed from the direction of a cross section GG [expansion process-1 (combustion)].

FIG. 29 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that it is viewed from the direction of a cross section GG [expansion process-2 (air intake process)].

FIG. 30 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that it is viewed from the direction of a cross section GG (first exhaust process).

FIG. 31 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that it is viewed from the direction of a cross section GG [second intake process (air intake process)] .

FIG. 32 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that the piston valve is viewed from the direction of a cross section GG (second exhaust process).

FIG. 33 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that the piston valve is viewed from the direction of a cross section KK (first intake process).

FIG. 34 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that the piston valve is viewed from the direction of a cross section KK (compression process-
1).

FIG. 35 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that it is viewed from the direction of a cross section KK [compression process-2
(Fuel injection / ignition)].

FIG. 36 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that the piston valve is viewed from a direction of a cross section KK [Expansion process-1
(combustion)〕.

FIG. 37 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that it is viewed from the direction of a cross section KK.
(Air intake process)].

FIG. 38 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that the piston valve is viewed from the direction of a cross section KK (first exhaust process).

FIG. 39 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that the piston valve is viewed from the direction of a cross section KK (second intake process).

FIG. 40 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a process when a piston valve is used in a cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that the piston valve is viewed from the direction of a cross section KK (second exhaust process).

FIG. 41 shows an example of the relationship between the valves a and b of each cylinder when a piston valve is used in an in-line two-cylinder, four-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that it is viewed from the direction of the section MM. FIG.

FIG. 42 shows a related example of valve a and valve b of each cylinder when a piston valve is used in an in-line four-cylinder, four-cycle diesel engine, assuming that it is viewed from the direction of the section NN. FIG.

FIG. 43 shows a related example of the valve a and the valve b of each cylinder when a piston valve is used in an in-line 6-cylinder, in-cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, assuming that it is viewed from the direction of a section O-O. FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Intake valve dedicated to air-fuel mixture 2 Exhaust valve 3 Valve that opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center during intake stroke (valve a) 4 Open at bottom dead center and close to top dead center during compression stroke Close valve (valve b) 5 Open at bottom dead center during compression process and close valve (valve b) close to before top dead center as a countermeasure against excessive opening during expansion process Air intake valve (valve c) 6 plug 7 vaporizer 8 intake pipe 9 exhaust pipe 10 air dedicated intake pipe 11 empty space (mixture or , Where the air is temporarily stagnant.) 12 Rotary valve 13 cross section (internal type) with H-shaped cross section (internal type) and a portion with an intake port dedicated to air-fuel mixture and a part with an exhaust port Is H-shaped, and has a part with an air port (air port d) that closes at the top dead center and closes at the bottom dead center during the intake process and the bottom part during the compression process. Opened at a point and provided with a part with an air port (air port e) that closes before the top dead center. Rotary valve 14 A port that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center during the compression process. As a countermeasure when (air outlet e) is opened too much, during the expansion process, it opens before it expands too much and becomes resistance to rotation.
A rotary valve 15 which is provided with a portion having an intake port (air port f) for exclusive use of air, which is closed at bottom dead center A passage from an empty space [in the intake process, air opened at top dead center and closed at bottom dead center] Passage from empty space to mouth (breath d) 16 Passage to empty space [During the compression process, it opens at bottom dead center and closes before top dead center (breath from e),
Passage to empty space] 17 Valve that doubles as an intake valve and valve c 18 Fuel injector 19 Passage from empty space [Valve that opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center during intake stroke (valve a 20) Passage to empty space] 20 Passage to empty space [Nothing from the valve (valve b) that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center during the compression process) Passage to empty space] 21 Rotary valve 22 having an H-shaped cross section (inner shape) and provided with a portion with an intake port and an air outlet f, and a portion with an exhaust port 22 An intake valve (1 (Valve for the second intake process) 23 Exhaust valve that also serves as the first and second exhaust 24 Valve for the second intake process (intake valve dedicated to air)
The valve 25 that also serves as the valve c has an H-shaped cross-section (inner type), and has a portion with an intake port dedicated to the air-fuel mixture (intake port during the first intake process) and 1
Rotary valve 26 provided with a portion with the second and second exhaust ports Rotary valve 27 provided with the portion with the intake port (air-only intake port) and the air port f in the second intake process And the valve 28 which doubles as the intake valve and the valve c for the second time. The cross section (inner type) is made H-shaped, and the portion where the intake port and the air port f are at the first and second times, and the exhaust gas at the first and second times. A rotary valve 29 with a portion having a mouth, a piston 30, an intake valve dedicated to the air-fuel mixture, and an exhaust valve 31 a and a valve b 32 an intake port dedicated to the air-fuel mixture 33 a rotary valve, an exhaust port 34 a rotary valve Of the rotary valve of the rotary valve, which opens at the top dead center and closes at the bottom dead center (air opening d) 35, which opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center during the compression process (Port e) 36 Rotary valve compression process At the time of opening, as a measure against opening too much air opening (air opening e) which opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center, it opens before it expands too much and becomes resistance to rotation during the expansion process. Air-only intake port (air port f) closed at bottom dead center 37 Rotational direction of rotary valve 38 Valve that also functions as intake valve and valve c, exhaust valve 39 Rotary valve intake port 40 Plug and fuel injector 41 Intake valve dedicated to air-fuel mixture (valve used during the first intake process) and exhaust valve that also serves as first and second exhaust 42 Intake valve dedicated to air (valve used during the second intake process)
Valve 43 that also serves as valve c Intake port for the air-fuel mixture of the rotary valve (intake port during the first intake process) 44 First exhaust port of the rotary valve 45 Second exhaust port of the rotary valve 46 1st and 2nd intake valve and valve that doubles as valve c
Exhaust valve that also serves as the second and second exhaust 47 Intake port for air of rotary valve (intake port during the second intake process) 48 First intake port of rotary valve 49 Second time of rotary valve Intake port 50 immediately before completion of the intake process of the air-fuel mixture 51 immediately before completion of the expansion process 52 immediately before completion of the intake process 53 immediately before completion of the compression process 55 immediately before completion of the exhaust process 55 passage 56 connecting valve a and valve b 56 just before completion of the first intake process 57 2 Immediately before the completion of the first intake process 58 Immediately before the completion of the first exhaust process 59 Immediately before the completion of the second exhaust process 60 Intake port 61 of the combustion chamber dedicated to the air-fuel mixture 61 Exhaust port 62 of the combustion chamber At the intake process of the combustion chamber, Air port 63 that opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center 63 Combustion chamber, during compression process, air port that opens at bottom dead center and closes before top dead center 64 Combustion chamber, compression process during bottom process Open at a point, hand at top dead center As a countermeasure when opening the airway that closes in the front, open it before it expands too much and becomes resistance to rotation during the expansion process.
Air intake 65 that closes at bottom dead center As a countermeasure when the intake port of the combustion chamber and the compression port that opens at bottom dead center and closes before top dead center during the compression process are opened too much, In the expansion process, it opens before it expands too much and becomes resistance to rotation, and it closes at bottom dead center. It also serves as an air intake 66. 67 Intake port during the intake process) 67 Exhaust port that doubles as the exhaust port of the combustion chamber for the first time and the exhaust port for the second time of 68 The combustion chamber opens at the bottom dead center during the compression process and opens at the top dead center As a countermeasure when opening the airway that closes in front of you, open it before it expands too much and becomes resistance to rotation during the expansion process.
Air inlet 69 that closes at bottom dead center and serves as both the air inlet for air and the air outlet for the second intake process (air intake process) 69 Open at bottom dead center for the compression process of the combustion chamber As a countermeasure when opening the airway that closes before the top dead center too much, during the expansion process, open before it expands too much and becomes resistance to rotation,
An air inlet that closes at bottom dead center and serves both as an air intake and an air intake for the first time and the second time. AA cross section BB cross section CC cross section DD cross section EE cross section FF Section G-G Section H-H Section I-I Section J-J Section K-K Section L-L Section M-M Section N-N Section O-O Section

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (54) [Title of Invention] When a piston valve or rotary valve is used in a 4-cycle engine or a 6-cycle engine                     In the compression process, the process that really expands during the expansion process is                     In trooke, it's a long way.

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A four-cycle engine (gasoline engine, diesel engine, in-cylinder injection gasoline engine),
6-cycle engine [gasoline engine and diesel engine (1990 patent application No. 417964) and cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine (1996 patent application No. 172)
736). ], When using a piston valve and a rotary valve (Japanese Patent Application No. 356145 of 1991), in the intake stroke (the first intake stroke in the case of a 6-cycle engine.), Open at the top dead center and bottom dead center A valve (piston valve), an air port (rotary valve) that closes at, and a valve that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center during the compression process.
There are two types of valves and vents (the empty space is
is necessary. ) 2. The valve according to claim 1, which is opened at the top dead center during the intake stroke and closed at the bottom dead center, and the air port, and between the valve opened at the bottom dead center before the top dead center during the compression stroke. Install an empty space (air mixture or a place where air temporarily stagnates) at (close to) the closing valve and the mouth. 3. The valve according to claim 2, which is opened at the top dead center during the intake stroke and closed at the bottom dead center, and the air port, and between the valve opened at the bottom dead center and before the top dead center during the compression stroke. Attach a closing valve, a passageway to the empty space to and from the empty space. 4. When there are multiple cylinders, the empty space according to claim 2 is connected to the empty spaces of the other cylinders. 5. In the case of a 4-cycle engine, a valve that opens at the top dead center and closes at the bottom dead center during the intake stroke when there are four or more cylinders,
When the air vent opens in the intake stroke, at that time, in other cylinders,
In the compression process, the valve is opened at the bottom dead center and closed before the top dead center. In the air port, the valve is closed in the compression process and the air port is directly connected. 6. In the case of a 6-cycle engine, when the number of cylinders is 6 or more, the valve that opens at the top dead center and closes at the bottom dead center during the first intake stroke, and the air port opens during the first intake stroke At that time, in the compression process of another cylinder, a valve that opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center, a valve that closes in the compression process in the air port, and the air port are directly connected. 7. A valve that opens at the bottom dead center during the compression process and closes before the top dead center, and as a countermeasure against excessive opening of the air vent, during the expansion process, a 4-cycle diesel engine, and a cylinder In the case of the injection 4-cycle gasoline engine, the 6-cycle diesel engine, and the in-cylinder injection 6-cycle gasoline engine, the intake valve,
Open the intake port and close it at bottom dead center. 8. A valve which opens at the bottom dead center during the compression process and closes before the top dead center, and as a countermeasure against excessive opening of the air vent, during the expansion process, in the case of a 4-cycle gasoline engine, Air intake valve and air intake port are provided, and in the case of a 6-cycle gasoline engine, the air intake valve and air intake port (intake valve and air intake port during the second intake process) are expanded too much to rotate. It opens before it becomes resistance to and closes at bottom dead center.