JP2003171674A - Gasification apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gasification apparatus which is hard to cause the trouble of handling particles in separating the particles from a combustible gas, does not reduce the efficiency of the entire system, and does not deposit a liquid substance. <P>SOLUTION: The gasification apparatus has a gasification chamber 2 for gasifying a coal in a fluidized bed by a fluid medium, a char combustion chamber 3 for combusting a char to be produced in the gasification chamber to heat the fluid medium, a separation device 31 provided in the gasification chamber to separate a gasified gas b from particles c in the gas, and a gas supply opening 36 for supplying the gas from which the particles have been separated to a power generation gas turbine 55, the gasification chamber and the char combustion chamber being integrally constituted and separated by a first partition wall 15 so as not to cause the gas flowing in the upper portion of each fluidized bed, a first opening 25 being provided at the lower portion of the first partition wall to move the heated fluid medium from the char chamber to the gasificatioon chamber through the first opening, and the separation device having a particle discharge pipe 33 whose discharge opening 34 is open to the char combustion chamber. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to gasification of coal,
The present invention relates to a gasifier equipped with a particle separator for separating particles from a gasified gas.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG. 4, a conventional integrated gasification furnace 301 includes a gasification chamber 302 in which a fluidized bed is formed by a fluid medium, a char combustion chamber 303, a gasification chamber 302 and a char. It was comprised including the sedimentation char combustion chamber 305 located between the combustion chamber 303 and the combustion chamber 303. Gasification chamber 302
Is charged with coal a, and the charged coal a is gasified by the sensible heat of the fluidized medium, and gasified combustible gas b
Was sent to a gas turbine for power generation (not shown in FIG. 4) in the subsequent stage using the combustible gas b.

The char and the fluid medium are gasification chamber 302.
From the char combustion chamber 303 to the char combustion chamber 303
The char is burned at, and the burning of the char gives sensible heat to the fluidized medium. The fluidized medium to which the sensible heat is applied becomes high temperature and is returned to the gasification chamber 302 via the sedimentation char combustion chamber 305. The coal a is further gasified in the gasification chamber 302 by the high temperature fluidized medium.

The combustible gas b exiting the gasification chamber 302 is sent to a cyclone separator 305 via a pipe 306,
The particles c are separated by the cyclone separator 305. The separated particles c were returned to the char combustion chamber 303 via the pipe 307 and combustible components in the char were combusted.

[0005]

In the integrated gasification furnace 301 as described above, the particles c are separated from the gas flow once discharged outside the furnace by the cyclone separator 305, and the separated particles c are separated into the char combustion chamber 303. It's back inside. For this purpose, pipes 306 and 307 outside the furnace for transferring the particles c are required, and special measures are required to avoid troubles in handling the particles c. Also, the particle c is at a high temperature,
Since the process uses the heat, once the heat is discharged to the outside of the furnace, the heat is transferred to the cyclone separator 305,
Also, the heat dissipation loss of the particles c emitted from the external pipes 306 and 307 increases, and the efficiency of the entire system decreases. When there is a liquid substance such as tar that precipitates when the temperature decreases, the influence thereof further increases the trouble factor in handling.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. When separating particles from a reaction gas, troubles in handling the particles hardly occur, the efficiency of the entire system does not decrease, and the liquid substance It is an object of the present invention to provide a gasifier that does not deposit.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a gasifier 1 according to the invention of claim 1 supplies gas to a gas turbine for power generation, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, for example. In the gasification device; a gasification chamber 2 in which a high-temperature fluidized medium is fluidized inside to form a gasification chamber fluidized bed having an interface, and coal a is gasified under pressure in the gasification chamber fluidized bed; A fluidized medium is fluidized inside to form a char combustion chamber fluidized bed having an interface, and char generated by gasification in the gasification chamber 2 is burned in the charred combustion chamber fluidized bed to pressurize the fluidized medium. A char combustion chamber 3 that is heated by a gas; a separator 31 that is installed in the gasification chamber 2 and separates the gas b generated in the gasification chamber 2 from the particles c in the gas b; The separated gas b of the gas is used to drive the generator 57. A gas supply port 36 for supplying the turbine 55; the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 are integrally formed; the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 are the interfaces of the respective fluidized beds. It is partitioned by the first partition wall 15 so that there is no gas flow above it in the vertical direction; the first opening that connects the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 to the lower part of the first partition wall 15 A part 25 is provided and is configured to move the fluidized medium heated in the char combustion chamber 3 from the char combustion chamber 3 side to the gasification chamber 2 side through the first opening 25; There is a particle discharge pipe 33 that guides the separated particles c, and a discharge port 34 of the particle discharge pipe 33 is open to the char combustion chamber 3.

According to this structure, the separation device 31 installed inside the gasification chamber 2 is provided, and the gas b generated in the gasification chamber 2 and the particles c in the gas b are separated and separated. The particle c is guided to the particle discharge pipe 33 and introduced into the char combustion chamber 3 from the discharge port 34, and the gas b from which the particle c is separated is supplied from the gas supply port 36 to the gas turbine 5 that drives the generator 57.
5 can be supplied. Further, since the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 are integrally formed, the separated particles c can be directly conveyed from the gasification chamber 2 to the char combustion chamber 3, and the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 can be directly conveyed. It is not necessary to once discharge the particles c and the gas b to the outside of the chamber 3 through the inside of the external pipe, separate the particles c by the cyclone separator arranged outside, and then return them to the char combustion chamber 3 through the inside of the external pipe. Therefore, a trouble in handling the separated particles c is unlikely to occur, the temperature does not decrease, and it is possible to avoid a decrease in the efficiency of the entire system and a problem due to the temperature decrease.

A gasification apparatus 1 according to the invention of claim 2
For example, as shown in FIG. 1, in the gasifier according to claim 1, the separation device 31 is a cyclone type separation device 31. Since the separation device is the cyclone type separation device 31, it is possible to separate particles from a gas in a wide temperature range. Further, the structure of the particle / gas separation device can be simplified, and a separation device that is less likely to cause clogging can be obtained.

A gasifier 1 according to the invention of claim 3
Is, for example, as shown in FIG.
In the gasification apparatus 1 according to item 2, the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 are arranged so that the gas b does not flow above the interface of the respective fluidized beds in the vertical direction.
Is partitioned by the partition wall 11 of the second partition wall 11; the second partition wall 11 is provided with a second opening 21 at a lower portion thereof for communicating the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 with each other. , The fluidized medium is moved from the gasification chamber 2 side to the char combustion chamber 3 side.

With this structure, the second opening 21 is formed.
Since the fluidized medium moves from the gasification chamber 2 side to the char combustion chamber 3 side through the char, when char is generated in the gasification chamber 2, the char moves to the char combustion chamber 3 together with the fluidized medium, and also the gasification chamber 3 The mass balance of the fluidized medium between 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 is maintained.

A gasifier 1 according to a fourth aspect of the invention.
For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the heat recovery chamber 4 integrally formed with the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 in the gasifier 1 according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The gasification chamber 2 and the heat recovery chamber 4 are partitioned so that there is no direct gas flow, or are arranged so as not to contact each other.

With this structure, heat can be recovered with almost no mixing of the gas b generated in the gasification chamber 2 and the combustion gas u in the heat recovery chamber 4. In addition, since the heat recovery chamber 4 is provided, the balance between the amount of char generated in the gasification chamber 2 and the amount of char required to heat the fluidized medium in the char combustion chamber 3 may be lost depending on the type of coal a. However, the difference can be adjusted by adjusting the heat recovery amount in the heat recovery chamber 4.

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An integrated gasification furnace 1 as a gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. In each drawing, the same or corresponding members are designated by the same or similar reference numerals,
A duplicate description will be omitted.

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the basic structure of the gasification furnace portion of the present invention. The integrated gasification furnace 1 shown in the figure includes a gasification chamber 2, a char combustion chamber 3, and a heat recovery chamber 4, which are respectively in charge of three functions of pyrolysis, that is, gasification, char combustion, and heat recovery. It is housed in a cylindrical or rectangular furnace body. The char combustion chamber 3 is integrally formed adjacent to the gasification chamber 2.

Gasification chamber 2, char combustion chamber 3, heat recovery chamber 4
Is divided by partition walls 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, and a fluidized bed, which is a dense layer containing a fluidized medium, is formed at the bottom of each of them. Furnace at the bottom of each chamber 2, 3, 4 for fluidizing the fluidized bed of each chamber 2, 3, 4 ie, gasification chamber fluidized bed, char combustion chamber fluidized bed, heat recovery chamber fluidized bed An air diffuser for injecting a fluidizing gas into a fluidized medium is provided at the bottom. The air diffuser is configured to include, for example, a perforated plate laid on the bottom of the furnace, and the perforated plate is divided into a plurality of rooms by dividing the perforated plate in the width direction to change the superficial velocity of each part in each room. In addition, the flow velocity of the fluidizing gas blown out from each room of the air diffuser through the perforated plate is changed. Since the superficial velocity is relatively different in each part of the chambers, the fluidized medium in each chamber 2, 3, 4 also has a different flow state in each part of the chambers 2, 3, 4 so that an internal swirl flow is formed. In the figure,
The size of the white arrow shown in the air diffuser indicates the flow velocity of the fluidizing gas blown out. For example, the thick arrow at the location indicated by 3b has a higher flow velocity than the thin arrow at the location indicated by 3a.

The space between the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 is partitioned by a partition wall 11 as a second partition wall, and the char combustion chamber 3
The space between the heat recovery chamber 4 and the heat recovery chamber 4 is partitioned by a partition wall 12, and the gasification chamber 2
The space between the heat recovery chamber 4 and the heat recovery chamber 4 is partitioned by a partition wall 13 (this drawing shows a cylindrical furnace developed in a plan view, so the partition wall 11 is separated from the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber). It is shown as if it were not between chambers 3). That is, they are not configured as separate furnaces but are integrally configured as one furnace. Further, a sedimentation char combustion chamber 5 is provided near the surface of the char combustion chamber 3 in contact with the gasification chamber 2 so that the fluidized medium descends. That is, the char combustion chamber 3 is the sedimentation char combustion chamber 5
And a main part of the char combustion chamber other than the sedimentation char combustion chamber 5. Therefore, a partition wall 14 is provided for partitioning the settled char combustion chamber 5 from the other part of the char combustion chamber (char combustion chamber main body). The settling char combustion chamber 5 and the other part of the char combustion chamber (char combustion chamber main body) are under the same pressure. Also, the sedimentation char combustion chamber 5 and the gasification chamber 2
Are partitioned by a partition wall 15 as a first partition wall.

Here, the fluidized bed and the interface will be described.
The fluidized bed consists of a concentrated layer in the vertically lower part, which contains a fluidized medium (for example, silica sand) in a fluidized state by the fluidizing gas, and a fluidized medium in the vertically upper part of the concentrated layer. It consists of a splash zone where a large amount of gas coexists and the fluid medium is vigorously splashing. Above the fluidized bed, that is, above the splash zone, there is a freeboard section containing almost no fluidized medium and mainly gas.
The interface in the present invention refers to the splash zone having a certain thickness, but it may be regarded as a virtual surface intermediate between the upper surface and the lower surface (the upper surface of the dense layer) of the splash zone.

Further, "partitioned by a partition wall so that gas does not flow above the interface of the fluidized bed in the vertical direction."
In that case, it is preferable that the gas does not flow above the upper surface of the dense layer below the interface.

The partition wall 11 between the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 is almost entirely partitioned from the furnace ceiling 19 to the furnace bottom (perforated plate of the air diffuser), but the lower end is the furnace. An opening 21 as a second opening is formed in the vicinity of the furnace bottom without contacting the bottom. However, the upper end of the opening 21 does not reach above any of the gasification chamber fluidized bed interface and the char combustion chamber fluidized bed interface. More preferably, the upper end of the opening 21 does not reach above the upper surface of the dense layer of the gasification chamber fluidized bed or the upper surface of the dense layer of the char combustion chamber fluidized bed. In other words, it is preferable that the opening 21 is always formed so as to be submerged in the dense layer. That is, the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 are separated from each other by a partition wall 11 so that there is no gas flow at least in the freeboard portion, that is, above the interface, and more preferably above the upper surface of the rich layer. It will be partitioned by.

The partition wall 12 between the char combustion chamber 3 and the heat recovery chamber 4 has its upper end near the interface, that is, above the upper surface of the dense layer, but below the upper surface of the splash zone. The lower end of the partition wall 12 is up to the vicinity of the furnace bottom, and like the partition wall 11, the lower end does not contact the furnace bottom, and an opening 22 is formed near the furnace bottom that does not reach above the upper surface of the dense layer. Has been done.

Partition wall 13 between the gasification chamber 2 and the heat recovery chamber 4
Completely partitions from the bottom of the furnace to the ceiling 19 of the furnace. The partition wall 14 for partitioning the inside of the char combustion chamber 3 to provide the sedimentation char combustion chamber 5 has an upper end near the interface of the fluidized bed and a lower end in contact with the furnace bottom. The relationship between the upper end of the partition wall 14 and the fluidized bed is similar to the relationship between the partition wall 12 and the fluidized bed. The partition wall 15 for partitioning the settling char combustion chamber 5 and the gasification chamber 2 is similar to the partition wall 11, and is partitioned almost entirely from the ceiling 19 of the furnace to the furnace bottom, and the lower end must contact the furnace bottom. Instead, an opening 25 as a first opening is formed near the furnace bottom, and the upper end of this opening is below the upper surface of the rich layer. That is, the relationship between the opening 25 and the fluidized bed is the same as the relationship between the opening 21 and the fluidized bed.

The coal a charged in the gasification chamber 2 receives heat from the fluidized medium and is pyrolyzed and gasified under pressure. Typically, coal a does not burn in the gasification chamber 2 and is so-called carbonized. The remaining dry-distilled char and the partition wall 11 together with the fluid medium.
Flows into the char combustion chamber 3 through the opening 21 in the lower part of the. The char thus introduced from the gasification chamber 2 burns in the char combustion chamber 3 under pressure to heat the fluidized medium. The fluidized medium heated by the combustion heat of the char in the char combustion chamber 3 flows over the upper end of the partition wall 12 into the heat recovery chamber 4 under pressure, and is arranged in the heat recovery chamber 4 so as to be below the interface. The heat is collected by the provided in-layer heat transfer tube 41, cooled, and then flows into the char combustion chamber 3 again through the opening 22 in the lower portion of the partition wall 12. The term "under pressure" means that the pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure.

Here, the heat recovery chamber 4 is not essential for the gasifier of the present invention. That is, if the amount of char mainly consisting of carbon remaining after gasification of the volatile components in the gasification chamber 2 and the amount of char required to heat the fluidizing medium in the char combustion chamber 3 are substantially equal, the flow The heat recovery chamber 4 which takes heat from the medium is unnecessary. If the difference in the amount of the char is small, for example, the gasification temperature in the gasification chamber 2 becomes high, and the amount of CO gas generated in the gasification chamber 2 increases, so that the balance state is maintained. Be done.

However, when the heat recovery chamber 4 is provided as shown in the figure, the combustion temperature of the char combustion chamber 3 is appropriately adjusted by adjusting the amount of heat recovery in the heat recovery chamber 4 to adjust the temperature of the fluidized medium. You can keep it right.

On the other hand, the fluidized medium heated in the char combustion chamber 3 flows into the settling char combustion chamber 5 over the upper end of the partition wall 14, and then into the gasification chamber 2 through the opening 25 at the bottom of the partition wall 15. To do.

Here, the flow state and movement of the flowing medium between the chambers will be described. In the vicinity of the surface in contact with the partition wall 15 between the settling char combustion chamber 5 and the inside of the gasification chamber 2, a strong fluidization region 2b in which a stronger fluidized state is maintained as compared with the fluidization of the settling char combustion chamber 5. It has become. As a whole, in order to promote the mixing and diffusion of the input coal a and the fluidized medium,
It is preferable to change the superficial velocity of the fluidizing gas depending on the place, and as an example, as shown in the figure, a weak fluidizing region 2a is provided in addition to the strong fluidizing region 2b to form a swirling flow.

The char combustion chamber 3 has a weak fluidization region 3 at the center.
a, a strong fluidization region 3b is provided in the peripheral portion, and the fluidizing medium and the char form an internal swirling flow. The fluidization speed of the strong fluidization regions 2b and 3b in the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 is 5 Um.
It is preferable that the fluidization rate in the weak fluidization regions 2a and 3a is 5 Umf or less, but a relative clear difference is provided between the weak fluidization regions 2a and 3a and the strong fluidization regions 2b and 3b. If it exceeds this range, there is no particular problem. A strong fluidization region 3b is preferably arranged in a portion of the char combustion chamber 3 which is in contact with the heat recovery chamber 4 and the settling char combustion chamber 5. Further, if necessary, it is preferable to provide a gradient on the bottom of the furnace so as to descend from the weak fluidization regions 2a, 3a side to the strong fluidization regions 2b, 3b side (not shown). Here, Umf is a unit in which the minimum fluidization speed (speed at which fluidization is started) is 1 Umf. That is,
5 Umf is 5 times the minimum fluidization rate.

In this way, the char combustion chamber 3 and the heat recovery chamber 4
By keeping the fluidized state of the char combustion chamber 3 side near the partition wall 12 relatively stronger than the fluidized state of the heat recovery chamber 4 side, the fluidized medium of the fluidized bed of the partition wall 12 becomes The fluid medium that has flowed from the char combustion chamber 3 side to the heat recovery chamber 4 side beyond the upper end near the interface and the flowing-in medium flows into the heat recovery chamber 4 side.
Due to the relatively weak fluidized state in the inside, that is, a high-density state, it moves downward (toward the bottom of the furnace) and passes through (the opening 22 of) the lower end of the partition wall 12 near the bottom of the heat recovery chamber 4 side. To the char combustion chamber 3 side.

Similarly, the fluidized state on the char combustion chamber main body side in the vicinity of the partition wall 14 between the main body of the char combustion chamber 3 and the settling char combustion chamber 5 is more relative to the fluidized state on the side of the settling char combustion chamber 5 side. By maintaining a strong fluidization state, the fluid medium moves and flows from the char combustion chamber 3 main body side to the sedimentation char combustion chamber 5 side over the upper end of the partition wall 14 near the interface of the fluidized bed. The fluidized medium flowing into the settling char combustion chamber 5 moves downward (toward the bottom of the furnace) due to the relatively weak fluidized state in the settling char combustion chamber 5, that is, the high-density state, and the furnace of the partition wall 15 is moved. Lower end (opening 25) near the bottom
Through the settling char combustion chamber 5 side to the gasification chamber 2 side. In addition, here, the gasification chamber 2 and the sedimentation char combustion chamber 5
The fluidized state on the gasification chamber 2 side near the partition wall 15 is kept relatively stronger than the fluidized state on the sedimentation char combustion chamber 5 side. This assists the movement of the fluidized medium from the settling char combustion chamber 5 to the gasification chamber 2 by an attractive action.

Similarly, the fluidized state on the char combustion chamber 3 side near the partition wall 11 between the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 is relatively stronger than the fluidized state on the gasification chamber 2 side. It has been kept in an activated state. Therefore, the fluidized medium is the partition wall 11
Flows into the char combustion chamber 3 side through an opening 21 below the interface of the fluidized bed, preferably below the upper surface of the rich layer (submerged in the rich layer).

The char combustion chamber 3 and the heat recovery chamber 4 have a partition wall 12 having an upper end near the interface height and a lower end submerged in a rich layer.
, The fluidized state on the char combustion chamber 3 side near the partition wall 12 is kept stronger than the fluidized state on the heat recovery chamber 4 side near the partition wall 12. Therefore, the fluidized medium flows over the upper end of the partition wall 12 into the heat recovery chamber 4 side from the char combustion chamber 3 side, and passes through the lower end of the partition wall 12 from the heat recovery chamber 4 side to the char combustion chamber 3 side. Moving.

Further, the char combustion chamber 3 and the gasification chamber 2 are
The lower end is partitioned by a partition wall 15 that is submerged in a dense layer, and the partition wall 15 has a partition wall 15 on the side of the char combustion chamber 3 which has an upper end near the height of the interface. The formed sedimentation char combustion chamber 5 is provided, and the partition wall 14
The fluidized state on the side of the main body of the char combustion chamber 3 near the partition wall 14 is kept stronger than the fluidized state on the side of the settling char combustion chamber 5 near the partition wall 14. Therefore, the fluidized medium flows over the upper end of the partition wall 14 into the settling char combustion chamber 5 side from the main body side of the char combustion chamber 3. With this configuration, the fluidized medium that has flowed into the settling char combustion chamber 5 passes through the lower end (opening 25) of the partition wall 15 from the settling char combustion chamber 5 so as to maintain at least mass balance.
Move to. At this time, the fluidized state on the gasification chamber 2 side in the vicinity of the partition wall 15 is changed to the settling char combustion chamber 5 in the vicinity of the partition wall 15.
If it is kept stronger than the fluidized state on the side, the attracting action promotes the movement of the fluidized medium.

Further, the gasification chamber 2 and the main body of the char combustion chamber 3 are separated from each other by a second partition wall 11 having a lower end submerged in a rich layer. The fluidized medium that has moved from the settling char combustion chamber 5 to the gasification chamber 2 passes through the lower end of the partition wall 11 and moves to the char combustion chamber 3 so as to maintain the mass balance, but at this time, in the vicinity of the partition wall 11 If the fluidized state on the side of the char combustion chamber 3 is kept stronger than the fluidized state on the side of the gasification chamber 2 in the vicinity of the partition wall 11, not only to maintain the previous mass balance, but also the strong fluidization. Depending on the state, the fluidized medium is attracted and moves to the char combustion chamber 3 side.

The heat recovery chamber 4 is fluidized uniformly as a whole, and is usually maintained so as to be weaker than the fluidized state of the char combustion chamber 3 which is in contact with the heat recovery chamber 4 at maximum. Therefore, the superficial velocity of the fluidizing gas in the heat recovery chamber 4 is 0 to 3
Controlled during Umf, the fluidizing medium forms a settling fluidized bed while slowly flowing. Here, 0 Umf is a state in which the fluidizing gas is stopped. With this kind of state,
The heat recovery in the heat recovery chamber 4 can be minimized. That is, the heat recovery chamber 4 can arbitrarily adjust the amount of recovered heat in the range of maximum to minimum by changing the fluidization state of the fluidized medium. Further, in the heat recovery chamber 4, the fluidization may be uniformly started / stopped or the strength may be adjusted throughout the chamber.
It is also possible to stop the fluidization of part of the area and put the other in the fluidized state, or adjust the strength of the fluidized state of the part of the area.

The most preferable fluidized gas in the gasification chamber 2 is to pressurize the combustible gas b for recycling. In this way, the gas emitted from the gasification chamber 2 is purely the gas generated from the coal a, and a very high quality gas can be obtained. If that is not possible, it is preferable to use a gas containing as little oxygen as possible (oxygen-free gas) such as water vapor. When the bed temperature of the fluidized medium decreases due to the endothermic reaction during gasification, oxygen or a gas containing oxygen, for example, air is supplied to remove a part of the combustible gas b in addition to the oxygen-free gas as necessary. You may make it burn.
The fluidizing gas supplied to the char combustion chamber 3 is a gas containing oxygen necessary for char combustion, such as air, or a mixed gas of oxygen and steam. As the fluidizing gas supplied to the heat recovery chamber 4, air, steam, combustion exhaust gas, or the like is used.

The upper portion of the fluidized bed of the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 (the upper surface of the splash zone), that is, the freeboard portion is completely partitioned by partition walls 11 and 15. Furthermore, since the upper portion of the dense bed of the fluidized bed, that is, the splash zone and the freeboard portion are completely partitioned by the partition walls 11 and 15, the pressures of the char combustion chamber 3 and the gasification chamber 2 are reduced. Even if the balance of P1 and P2 is slightly disturbed, the difference in the position of the interface between the two fluidized beds,
Alternatively, the turbulence can be absorbed only by a slight difference in the position difference of the upper surface of the dense layer, that is, the layer height difference. That is, since the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 are partitioned by the partition walls 11 and 15, even if the pressures P1 and P2 of the respective chambers fluctuate, this pressure difference can be absorbed by the bed height difference. , It is possible to absorb until either of the layers descends to the upper ends of the openings 21 and 25.
Therefore, the upper limit of the pressure difference between the freeboards of the char combustion chamber 3 and the gasification chamber 2 that can be absorbed by the bed height difference is the gas from the upper ends of the openings 21 and 25 in the lower portions of the partition walls 11 and 15 that partition each other. It is almost equal to the head difference between the head of the fluidization bed of the chemical chamber and the head of the fluid bed of the char combustion chamber.

In the integrated gasification furnace 1 of the above-described embodiment, the gasification chamber 2, the char combustion chamber 3 and the heat recovery chamber 4 are provided inside one fluidized bed furnace through partition walls. Further, the char combustion chamber 3 and the gasification chamber 2, and the char combustion chamber 3 and the heat recovery chamber 4 are provided adjacent to each other. Unlike the two-column circulation type furnace, this integrated gasification furnace 1 enables a large amount of fluidized medium circulation between the char combustion chamber 3 and the gasification chamber 2, so that gasification is achieved only by the sensible heat of the fluidized medium. It is possible to supply a sufficient amount of heat for the purpose, and it is the easiest to realize the principle of the power generation system using the improved pressurized fluidized bed furnace, "to obtain a combustible gas with a minimum calorific value and a high calorific value".

Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, since the seal between the combustion gas u generated in the char combustion chamber 3 and the combustible gas b generated in the gasification chamber 2 is completely completed, the gasification chamber 2
And the pressure balance control of the char combustion chamber 3 is done well,
The combustion gas u and the combustible gas b are not mixed, and the property of the combustible gas b is not deteriorated.

Further, the fluidizing medium as the heat medium and the char flow from the gasification chamber 2 side to the char combustion chamber 3 side, and the same amount of the fluidizing medium is further introduced from the char combustion chamber 3 side to the gasification chamber. Since it is configured to return to the 2 side, it is necessary to mechanically convey the fluid medium from the char combustion chamber 3 side to the gasification chamber 2 side by using a conveyor or the like so that the fluid medium is naturally balanced. In addition, there are no problems such as difficulty in handling high-temperature particles and large loss of sensible heat.

As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, coal a is placed in one fluidized bed furnace.
Pyrolysis / gasification of charcoal, char combustion, and in-bed heat recovery coexist in the gasification chamber 2 as a heat medium for the pyrolysis / gasification heat source supply. In the integrated gasification furnace 1 to be supplied, the gasification chamber 2 and the heat recovery chamber 4 are arranged so as not to be in contact with each other, or are completely partitioned by the partition wall 13 from the furnace bottom to the ceiling 19 and gasification The chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 are completely partitioned by the partition wall 15 above the interface of the fluidized bed, and the fluidization strength of the gasification chamber 2 side near the partition wall 15 and the char combustion chamber 3 side fluidization By maintaining a relative relationship with the strength of the state in a predetermined relationship, the partition wall 15
The fluidized medium is moved from the char combustion chamber 3 side to the gasification chamber 2 side through the opening 25 provided in the vicinity of the furnace bottom. Also, from the gasification chamber 2 side to the char combustion chamber 3
The flowing medium containing char is moved to the side through the opening 21.

According to this embodiment, the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3 are completely partitioned by the partition wall 15 above the interface of the fluidized bed, so that the gas pressure in each chamber fluctuates. However, there is no problem that the pressure balance is lost and the combustion gas u and the combustible gas b are mixed. Therefore, no special pressure balance control is required between the gasification chamber 2 and the char combustion chamber 3. Then, by keeping the strength of the fluidization state on the gasification chamber 2 side near the partition wall 15 and the fluidization state on the char combustion chamber 3 side at a predetermined state, the partition wall 15 concerned
A large amount of fluidized medium can be stably transferred from the char combustion chamber 3 side to the gasification chamber 2 side through the opening 25 provided in the vicinity of the furnace bottom. Therefore, no mechanical means for handling high-temperature particles is required to move the fluidized medium from the char combustion chamber 3 side to the gasification chamber 2 side. Also, the gasification chamber 2
An oxygen-free gas is used as the fluidizing gas, but a gas containing no oxygen such as water vapor may be used as the so-called oxygen-free gas.

The integrated gasification furnace 1 is provided with a cyclone separator 31 as a particle / gas separation device or a cyclone type separation device inside a gasification chamber 2 in which a flow of combustible gas b is formed. . The cyclone separator 31 has an inlet 32 for introducing the combustible gas b generated in the gasification chamber 2 and a particle discharge pipe 33 as a particle discharge pipe that accompanies the combustible gas b and guides the particles c separated by the cyclone separator 31. A particle discharge port 34 located at the tip of the particle discharge pipe 33 for discharging the particles c; and a gas discharge port 35 for discharging the combustible gas b from which the particles c have been separated.

As shown in FIG. 2, the combustible gas b entering the cyclone separator 31 from the inlet 32 forms a swirling flow, and the particles c are centrifugally generated by the cyclone separator 31.
Toward the inner wall 31A of the cyclone separator 31 while falling along the inner wall 31A while rotating, and discharged from the particle discharge pipe 33 attached to the lower portion of the cyclone separator 31 in FIG. 2B. The combustible gas b from which the particles c have been separated is discharged from the gas discharge port 35 formed in the upper portion of the cyclone separator 31 in FIG.

Returning to FIG. 1, the description will be continued. The integrated gasification furnace 1 is provided with a combustible gas gas supply port 36 as a gas supply port formed in the gasification chamber 2 portion of the ceiling 19, and the gas discharge port 35 of the cyclone separator 31 is supplied with a combustible gas through a pipe 37. It is connected to the mouth 36. The particle discharge pipe 33 is configured to exit the gasification chamber 2 and enter the char combustion chamber 3, and the particle discharge port 34 is configured to be located above the fluidized bed interface of the char combustion chamber 3. The separated particles c are directly introduced from the gasification chamber 2 into the char combustion chamber 3 via the particle discharge pipe 33.

Therefore, the combustible gas supply port 36 of the gasification chamber 2
The combustible gas b from which particles c such as char have been removed is discharged from the above and is supplied to a gas turbine 55 (see FIG. 3) that drives a generator 57 (see FIG. 3) described later. From the combustible gas b generated in the gasification chamber 2, the cyclone separator 31
The particles c separated by are sent to the char combustion chamber 3 and combustible components in the char are combusted.

In the present embodiment, since the cyclone separator 31 is arranged in the gasification chamber 2, there is no heat radiation from the cyclone separator 31 to the outside air, which occurs when the cyclone separator is arranged outside the furnace, and the cyclone separator 31 is eliminated. Since the external pipe for guiding the combustible gas and the external pipe for guiding the separated particles from the cyclone separator to the gasification chamber are not required, the heat radiation loss can be reduced. Also,
For the separation of the particles from the combustible gas, it is not necessary to pass the combustible gas and particles through an external pipe where the temperature decreases,
When there is a liquid substance such as tar that precipitates when the temperature decreases, the trouble factor due to the temperature decrease can be eliminated.

FIG. 3 shows a case where the integrated gasification furnace 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is used in a combined cycle power generation system.

The integrated gasification furnace 1 of the present invention comprises a pressure vessel 50.
And is operated under pressure. Integrated gasifier 1
The outer wall may have an integral structure that doubles as a pressure vessel. After the combustible gas b generated in the gasification chamber 2 is separated into particles c by the cyclone separator 31 in the gasification chamber 2,
Together with the combustion gas u from which the ash has been separated by the dust collector 63, it is introduced into the topping combustor 53 as the auxiliary combustion chamber and burned to become the high temperature gas r. The dust collector 63 may have the same structure as the cyclone separator 31. The hot gas r is supplied to the gas turbine 55. Gas turbine 55
Is a device similar to the output turbine section of a normal combustion gas turbine, and is also called a power recovery turbine.

In the power generation system using a pressurized fluidized bed furnace shown in the figure, first, coal a is gasified in the gasification chamber 2 under pressure, and the unburned carbon (so-called char) generated is generated in the char combustion chamber 3 under pressure. Combustion occurs, but the combustion gas u emitted from the char combustion chamber 3 is separated into ash by a dust collector 63, and the gasification chamber 2
The combustible gas b generated in 1 is separated into particles c by the cyclone separator 31 in the gasification chamber 2, and then mixed and burned by the topping combustor 53 to obtain the high temperature gas r, and the gas turbine 55 is driven. The particles c removed by the cyclone separator 31 are guided from the gasification chamber 2 to the upper side of the fluidized bed interface of the char combustion chamber 3, and combustible components in the char are burned.

What is important in the power generation system using the pressurized fluidized bed furnace is how to raise the temperature of the gas flowing into the gas turbine 55 to the maximum allowable temperature determined by the gas turbine 55 side. The largest condition to be met is cleaning of the combustible gas b generated in the gasification chamber 2. Here, the cleaning is, for example, desulfurization. Desulfurization is necessary, for example, to protect the turbine blades of the gas turbine 55.

In order to clean the combustible gas b, it is usually necessary to cool it to about 450 ° C. because of the optimum temperature of the desulfurization reaction in the reducing atmosphere. On the other hand, the gas turbine 55
Since the reaction efficiency increases as the inlet gas temperature of H2O increases, it should be as high as possible. At present, it is general to raise the temperature to a little less than 1200 ° C. due to heat resistance and corrosion resistance of gas turbine constituent materials. That is, the gas cleaning temperature of 450 ° C to the gas turbine inlet temperature of 1200 ° C.
The combustible gas b is required to have a heating value sufficient to raise the temperature of the gas.

A cyclone separator (not shown) is provided between the gasification chamber 2 and the topping combustor 53,
A combustible gas cooler (not shown) is provided in the gas path between the gasification chamber 2 and the cyclone separator to cool the combustible gas b to, for example, about 450 ° C., and more typically, a desulfurizer (not shown) is provided. Good. This is a gas turbine 55
It is done to protect the wings of the. A gas cooler and a desulfurizer are usually unnecessary in the gas passage from the char combustion chamber 3. It is because the limestone is charged into the furnace, the limestone is circulated together with the fluid medium, and the char combustion chamber 3 is also in an oxidizing atmosphere in which oxygen exists, so that the sulfur content is CaSO 4.
It is because it is removed as ₄ .

Therefore, in the power generation system using the improved pressurized fluidized bed furnace, the system should be developed so as to obtain the combustible gas b having a high unit calorific value as small as possible. Because, if the amount of the combustible gas b to be cleaned at 450 ° C. is reduced, the sensible heat loss due to cooling is reduced and the minimum required calorific value required for the combustible gas b is also low. Further, if the calorific value of the combustible gas b is equal to or more than the calorific value necessary to raise the gas temperature to the required gas temperature at the gas turbine inlet, increase the combustion air ratio to increase the combustible gas b amount flowing into the gas turbine 55. Because you can
This is because further improvement in power generation efficiency can be expected.

In the system of FIG. 3, the combustion gas u from the char combustion chamber 3 is collected and dedusted by the dust collector 63, and then guided to the gas turbine 55 to recover the power. At this time,
Although the combustion gas u may be directly guided to the gas turbine 55,
Since the temperature of this combustion gas u is not so high, the efficiency of power recovery is not necessarily high. Therefore, the combustible gas b generated in the gasification chamber 2 is collected and dedusted by the cyclone separator 31 in the gasification chamber 2, and then guided to the topping combustor 53 where it is burned. This combustion is an auxiliary combustion for the combustion gas u from the char combustion chamber 3 described above. Due to this combustion heat, the combustion gas u from the char combustion chamber 3 becomes a high temperature gas r of about 1200 ° C. (it may be 1500 ° C. depending on the heat resistant temperature of the output turbine section). The high temperature gas r is supplied to the gas turbine 55. In such a device, the combination of the char combustion chamber 3 and the topping combustor 53 corresponds to a combustor of a normal combustion gas turbine.

Then, the power generator 57 is driven by driving the generator 57 directly connected to the rotary shaft of the gas turbine 55 via a speed reducer or directly. In the illustrated embodiment, a compressor (typically an axial air compressor) 56 is directly connected to the rotary shaft of the gas turbine 55 and generates compressed air.
This compressed air is mainly supplied to the char combustion chamber 3 as combustion air for the char combustion chamber 3. Further, a part is supplied to the topping combustor 53. However, in the topping combustor 53, normally, the combustible gas b can be burned by the oxygen remaining in the exhaust gas from the char combustion chamber 3. In addition, in this embodiment, the inside of the pressure vessel 50 is 5 to
Pressurized to about 10 kg / cm ² . The inside of the pressure vessel 50 is, for example, 30 k depending on the specifications of the gas turbine 55.
The pressure may be increased to about g / cm ² .

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the gas turbine 55
In order to guide the combustion gas u from the char combustion chamber 3 and the combustible gas b from the gasification chamber 2, the topping combustor 53 is also required as a premixing chamber for mixing them once. , Combustible gas b from the gasification chamber 2
In the case of introducing only the above, the combustible gas b may be directly introduced into a combustor (not shown) attached to the gas turbine 55. When only the combustible gas b from the gasification chamber 2 is introduced, the gas turbine 55 can be operated by using a gas having a high heat amount as fuel.

Further, the exhaust gas h discharged from the gas turbine 55 is guided to the waste heat boiler 58 through the route 125, and then passes through the exhaust gas route 128 to perform desulfurization (not shown).
It is emitted from a chimney (not shown) via a denitration device or the like.

On the other hand, in the waste heat boiler 58, the heat of the exhaust gas h is recovered and the steam s is generated. The steam s is supplied to the steam turbine 162 through the steam pipe 127, and drives the generator 163 that is directly connected to the rotating shaft of the steam turbine 162 via a speed reducer or to generate electric power. The steam s supplied to the steam turbine 162 may include the steam s from the heat transfer tubes 41 and 42.

The combined cycle power generation system shown in FIG.
Since the integrated gasification furnace 1 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is used, heat dissipation from the cyclone separator 31 can be prevented, and heat dissipation loss from the surrounding piping can be significantly reduced. It is possible to reduce the temperature drop. Therefore, a decrease in power generation efficiency due to heat radiation loss can be suppressed.

[0061]

As described above, according to the present invention, the separation apparatus installed inside the gasification chamber is provided, and the gas generated in the gasification chamber and the particles in the gas are separated and separated. The particles can be introduced into the char combustion chamber through the particle exhaust pipe through the exhaust port, and the gas in which the particles have been separated can be supplied from the gas supply port to the gas turbine that drives the generator. Since the gasification chamber and the char combustion chamber are integrated, the separated particles can be directly transported from the gasification chamber to the char combustion chamber, and the external piping that circulates the outside of the gasification chamber and the char combustion chamber. There is no need to transport the inside. Therefore, a trouble in handling the separated particles is unlikely to occur, the temperature does not decrease, and it is possible to avoid a decrease in the efficiency of the entire system and a problem due to the temperature decrease.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a basic concept of an integrated gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a plan view of a cyclone separator,
(B) is a front view.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an embodiment of a power generation system using the integrated gasification furnace in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a conventional integrated gasifier equipped with a cyclone separator outside.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Integrated gasifier 2 gasification chamber 3 Char combustion chamber 4 Heat recovery room 5 Settling char combustion chamber 10 Integrated gasifier 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 Partition wall 19 ceiling 21, 22, 25 openings 31 cyclone separator 32 entrance 33 Particle discharge piping 34 Particle outlet 35 gas outlet 36 Combustible gas supply port 55 gas turbine 57 generator a coal b Combustible gas c particles

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) C10J 3/48 C10J 3/48 F01K 23/10 F01K 23/10 T F02C 3/28 F02C 3/28 7 / 052 7/052 // F23C 10/02 F23C 11/02 311 (72) Inventor Shugo Hosoda 11-1 Haneda Asahi-cho, Ota-ku, Tokyo 11-1 Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Tatsuo Tokudome Haneda, Ota-ku, Tokyo 11-1 Asahi-machi Ebara Corporation (72) Inventor Katsuyuki Aoki 11-1 Haneda Asahi-cho, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Corporation (72) Shinji Sekigawa 11-Asa-machi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 11- 1 Inside EBARA CORPORATION (72) Inventor Yu Hashimoto 11-1 Haneda Asahi-cho, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Ebara Corporation (72) Tatsuya Hasegawa 11-1 Haneda-Asahi-cho, Ota-ku, Tokyo Beefsteak plant Hara in the Works (72) inventor Fumiaki Morozumi, Ota-ku, Tokyo Hanedaasahi-cho 11-1, Ltd. beefsteak plant original Works in the F-term (reference) 3G081 BA02 BA13 BB00 BC07 BD00 DA22 3K064 AA17 AA20 AB03 AD05 AE04 BA03 BA05 BA13 BA17 BA24

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A gasifier for supplying gas to a gas turbine for power generation;
A gasification chamber fluidized bed having an interface, and a gasification chamber for gasifying coal under pressure in the gasification chamber fluidized bed; A char combustion chamber which is formed and burns char generated by gasification in the gasification chamber under pressure in the char combustion chamber fluidized bed to heat the fluid medium; and a char combustion chamber installed in the gasification chamber, A separator for separating the gas generated in the gasification chamber and particles in the gas; and a gas supply port for supplying the gas, in which the particles are separated by the separator, to a gas turbine that drives a generator. The gasification chamber and the char combustion chamber are integrally formed; the gasification chamber and the char combustion chamber have no gas flow vertically above the interface of the respective fluidized beds. To the first partition wall A first opening is provided in a lower portion of the first partition wall to connect the gasification chamber and the char combustion chamber, and the char combustion chamber is provided through the first opening. Side to the gasification chamber side is configured to move the fluidized medium heated in the char combustion chamber; the separation device has a particle discharge pipe for guiding the separated particles, and the discharge port of the particle discharge pipe Open into the char combustion chamber; gasifier. 2. The gasifier of claim 1, wherein the separator is a cyclone separator. 3. The gasification chamber and the char combustion chamber are separated from each other by a second partition wall so that gas does not flow above the interface between the respective fluidized beds in the vertical direction; A second opening is provided in the lower part of the partition wall to connect the gasification chamber and the char combustion chamber, and the char combustion chamber from the gasification chamber side through the second opening. A gasifier according to claim 1 or claim 2 configured to move the fluidized medium to the side. 4. A heat recovery chamber integrated with the gasification chamber and the char combustion chamber is provided; is the gasification chamber and the heat recovery chamber partitioned so that there is no direct gas flow? Or arranged so that they do not contact each other; The gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 3.