JP2003146783A - Method of manufacturing compost - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of manufacturing compost which is a method of manufacturing the compost by putting compost raw materials into a aging vessel arranged with vent piping in the lower part and forming the compost by aging the compost raw material by microorganisms and which easily and efficiently yields the high-quality compost by adequately feeding air of the quantity necessary for the oxidation decomposition of the compost raw material to the compost raw material. SOLUTION: The compost raw material added with composite microorganism bacteria is deposited in the aging vessel disposed with the vent piping in the lower part and a temperature sensor in the upper part and the oxidation decomposition and fermentation are initiated by the microorganisms. The temperature of the compost raw material is measured by the temperature sensor once every day and the value of the air quantity previously estimated from the compost raw material temperature from the present temperature of the compost raw material obtained by such measurement and the maturing stag and the quantity of the residual unmatured component of that stage and confirmed by experiment is obtained, by which the ventilation quantity is increased or decreased and the air is fed into the compost raw material.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to stacking an organic compost raw material in an aging tank having a ventilation pipe arranged below, and oxidizing the compost raw material by microorganisms while feeding air into the compost raw material through the ventilation pipe. The present invention relates to a method for producing compost by decomposing and fermenting at the same time to produce compost.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a method for producing compost has been extensively used, in which livestock manure such as pigs, cows and horses, seafood, chicken eggs, plant fibers, etc. are used as raw materials, and these are oxidatively decomposed and fermented by microorganisms into compost. It's been appreciated. In such a method for producing compost, compost raw materials are appropriately selected and piled up in a maturing tank according to the purpose of use of the compost, oxidatively decomposed and fermented by microorganisms existing in the natural world, and cut back during the maturing process. By performing the above, the compost is decomposed and aged on average while promoting the oxidative decomposition of the compost raw material.

Further, a ventilation pipe is arranged in the lower portion of the aging tank to promote oxidative decomposition, average oxidative decomposition, shorten the number of manufacturing days, and reduce the time and effort required for turning back.
There is a structure in which air is blown from a blower into the compost raw material through the ventilation pipe.

The air flow rate in the aging tank provided with the ventilation piping is set based on the experience and intuition of a skilled worker whose reason is unknown, and is always set from the start to the end of aging. It was supplied to the compost raw material with a constant air flow rate.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, stacks the compost raw material in an aging tank having a ventilation pipe disposed below it, and oxidizes and decomposes it by microorganisms, and An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a compost, which comprises fermenting a compost to produce a high-quality compost by setting an appropriate amount of supply air to a compost raw material, easily and efficiently. .

[0006]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The first aspect of the present invention is to put a compost raw material into an aging tank having a ventilation pipe arranged below the compost raw material, and oxidize and decompose it by microorganisms while feeding air into the compost raw material from the ventilation pipe. , And in the method for producing compost by fermenting at the same time to produce compost, the temperature of the compost raw material in the aging tank is measured regularly or continuously, and should be fed into the compost raw material through the ventilation pipe. Manufacture of compost that controls the current amount of air to the amount of air that is obtained by subtracting the amount of unnecessary air generated due to the decrease of residual immature components in the compost raw material from the amount of air proportional to the current temperature of the compost raw material Is the way.

In a second aspect of the present invention, in the method for producing compost according to the first aspect of the present invention, the aeration amount is changed while the aeration amount per unit time by the aeration pipe is made constant. It was decided to control by.

A third aspect of the present invention is the method of producing compost according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein the temperature of the compost raw material is controlled in the aging tank so that the temperature of the compost raw material is not easily influenced by external factors. The temperature sensor is inserted into the to measure.

The fourth aspect of the present invention is, in the method for producing compost according to the third aspect of the present invention, from the upper surface of the central portion of the compost raw materials piled up in the aging tank, as a part of the compost raw material which is hardly affected by the external factors. It was decided to select a site 30 to 50 cm below.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a compost raw material is placed in an aging tank having a ventilation pipe arranged below the compost raw material, is oxidatively decomposed by microorganisms while feeding air into the compost raw material from the aeration pipe, and at the same time fermented. In the method for producing compost by producing the compost, basically or continuously measuring the temperature of the compost raw material in the aging tank, should be sent into the compost raw material via the ventilation pipe Manufacture of compost that controls the current amount of air to the amount of air that is obtained by subtracting the amount of unnecessary air generated due to the decrease of residual immature components in the compost raw material from the amount of air proportional to the current temperature of the compost raw material Is the way.

As the raw material for the compost, livestock manure such as pigs, cows and horses, seafood, chicken eggs, plant branches and leaves or plant fibers are used. Further, the above-mentioned livestock manure may be collected by being attached to sawdust or the like for the purpose of cleaning a livestock house, and the sawdust can also be suitably used as a raw material for compost.
These compost raw materials are appropriately mixed and used depending on the purpose of use of the compost, that is, for soil improvement, fertilizer, leaf vegetables or fruit trees.

As the microorganism used in the present invention, a complex bacterium mainly composed of aerobic bacteria is suitable. As such a complex bacterium, it is also possible to use that present in the compost as a seed bacterium. However, in order to produce a large amount of compost, an amount of complex bacteria commensurate with this is required, and if it is cultivated during the process of compost production, it will take a long period of time. It is appropriate to add an appropriate amount of complex bacteria.

Examples of such complex bacteria include yeasts which are aerobic bacteria, ascomycetes and cellulolytic bacteria, and proteolytic bacteria which are facultative anaerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis, and anaerobic bacteria. Photosynthetic bacteria, which are nitrogen-fixing bacteria and acetic acid bacteria, etc. are appropriately added, and, for example, brown rice powder, rice bran, bran and adsorbed and fixed on a carrier composed of vitamins,
What culture | cultivated this to a moderate bacterial concentration is used preferably.

The aging tank, which is also called a deposition pit, is a tank which is surrounded by both side walls and a back wall and whose front and upper surfaces are open. A plurality of the tanks are usually installed side by side in the lateral direction. In addition, a plurality of grooves are evenly arranged at the bottom of the aging tank, a ventilation pipe having a large number of ejection holes formed in the grooves is charged, and gravel is placed on the ventilation pipe. The air discharged from the ejection holes is dispersed. It is preferable that the ejection holes opened in the ventilation pipe are arranged so that they are oriented laterally, because there is no possibility that the compost raw material is clogged in the ejection holes. An air blower is further connected to the ventilation pipe to introduce air from the blower into the compost raw material deposited above the air.

The following two methods are conceivable as a method of controlling the amount of air supplied to the compost raw material through the ventilation pipe. The first method is a method in which the supply air amount per unit time (m ³ / min) is set constant and the supply amount is controlled by the length of the supply time. The ejection pressure in this case is set to a pressure that allows the air ejected from the ejection holes of the ventilation pipe to reach the entire compost raw material accumulated. The second method is a method of setting the air supply time constant and controlling the supply amount by increasing or decreasing the supply air amount per unit time.

Examining the first and second methods, in the second method, when the supply air amount per unit time becomes extremely small, the ejection pressure also decreases at the same time, and the accumulated compost raw material is entirely It becomes difficult to hold the pressure needed to reach the average. If this is enforced, if the amount of air supplied per unit time becomes extremely small, it will not be possible to uniformly feed air into the entire compost raw material, and as a result, uniform ripening cannot be obtained and high quality The compost cannot be manufactured. Therefore, in the present invention, the first method is adopted as the air supply method.

In the aging tank, for example, a temperature sensor protected by a rod-shaped case is arranged above the aging tank,
The temperature sensor is regularly or continuously inserted into a portion of the deposited compost raw material that is less susceptible to external factors in terms of temperature so that the compost raw material temperature can be correctly measured.

The part that is not easily affected by external factors in terms of temperature is 30 to 30 from the upper surface of the central part of the stacked compost raw materials.
It is preferable to select a site 50 cm below, and the temperature sensor is inserted up to the site. In the ripening tank, outside temperature and other external parts may be present in parts other than the above, for example, parts in contact with the side wall or back wall, parts in contact with the floor, or parts close to the surface of the stacked compost raw materials. It is unfavorable because it is easily affected by factors and accurate temperature cannot be measured.

In the maturation tank thus constructed, the compost raw material is appropriately blended according to the purpose, and the microorganism is added to the compost raw material. Start aging by depositing so that the side is lower. In this aging process, the temperature of the compost raw material is measured regularly or continuously by the temperature sensor. Then, the amount of air to be sent to the compost raw material is determined in consideration of the present temperature of the obtained compost raw material and the amount of residual unripe components, and the air is sent into the compost raw material through the ventilation pipe.

The compost raw material should be provided with an amount of air suitable for the current aging condition. When the oxidative decomposition activity of microorganisms becomes active, the air requirement increases, and when it becomes inactive, it decreases. The state of oxidative decomposition activity of such microorganisms can be estimated from the temperature of the compost raw material, and it is assumed that the activity increases as the temperature rises, and the required air volume increases in proportion to this. You can On the other hand, as the ripening process progresses, the immature component in the compost raw material gradually decreases, and the required air amount also gradually decreases.

That is, the current amount of air to be sent into the compost raw material through the ventilation pipe is generated from the amount of air proportional to the current temperature of the compost raw material as the residual immature component in the compost raw material decreases. It should be controlled to the air amount obtained by subtracting the unnecessary air amount. However, the amount of air proportional to the temperature of the above-mentioned compost raw material does not strictly require it. The same applies to the amount of unnecessary air generated as the residual immature component decreases. Since it is difficult to accurately grasp the residual immature content, it is estimated from the process of changes in the temperature of the compost raw material to date.

Therefore, the amount of air proportional to the temperature of the compost raw material and the amount of unnecessary air generated due to the reduction of the residual unripe component in the compost raw material can be obtained as follows. That is, by roughly estimating the amount of air required by the microorganisms for oxidative decomposition of the target compost raw material, or from experience, the amount of air proportional to the temperature of the compost raw material is assumed, and with the completion of partial ripening of the compost. Similarly, regarding the increase in the amount of unnecessary air, an approximate estimation is made, and some compost manufacturing experiments are repeated while changing each of these estimated values as the center, and thereby a more appropriate temperature of the compost raw material is obtained. It is possible to determine a proportional air amount and an unnecessary air amount generated due to a decrease in the residual immature component in the compost raw material.

In the above description, the amount of air proportional to the temperature of the compost raw material and the amount of unnecessary air generated due to the reduction of the residual immature components in the compost raw material are separately obtained. The amount of air to be used is the amount of air obtained by subtracting the latter from the former corresponding to each other, and this air amount (actual air amount)
It is expedient to keep the temperature of the compost corresponding to the temperature of the compost raw material at each stage of the compost production.

As described above, it is clear that the oxidative decomposition activity of microorganisms requires an amount of air commensurate with the activity state, while supplying an amount of air exceeding the required amount. Is inconvenient if it exceeds the limit. Usually, the air that can be supplied through the ventilation pipe is at room temperature, and if supplied more than necessary, the temperature of the compost raw material may be lowered and the activity of microorganisms may be reduced. Further, supplying more air than is necessary causes a waste of energy.

Further, the amount of air to be supplied to the compost raw material can be determined as the amount to be supplied in a fixed time unit, but from the viewpoint of practicality, it is suitable to be determined as the daily supply amount. When the daily supply amount is determined, the amount of air for one day is not supplied continuously at one time, but a plurality of air is supplied in order to average the supplied air amount during the day as much as possible. It is suitable to supply in batches.

As described above, as a method for supplying air to the compost raw material, a method is used in which the amount of supplied air per unit time (m ³ / min) is set constant and the amount of supply is controlled by the length of the supply time. In this case, the supply time for one time is set to a certain short time for effective supply, and the daily air volume required at the relevant time (in this case, expressed in hours: the air volume per unit time is constant, The supply amount is determined based on the length of time) and divided by the number of times obtained by dividing the supply amount by the constant short time so that the daily supply amount is averaged as much as possible. More specifically, for example, the fixed short time is set to 1
If it is 5 minutes and the required daily air volume at that time is 60 minutes, the air supply for 15 minutes will be performed every 6 hours.

By the way, when the temperature of the compost raw material once reaches the maximum temperature during the ripening process and the cutting operation is performed when the temperature decreases, the aging of the entire compost raw material can be made uniform. It is preferable for producing high quality compost. In addition, when the turning operation is performed in this manner, at this time, a large amount of room temperature air is introduced into the compost raw material all at once, and the temperature decreases to around room temperature. Although the process of temperature change in the above is different, in this case as well, the above-mentioned concept regarding the supply of air is not changed at all.

When the temperature of the compost raw material is lowered by the turning back operation, the air amount proportional to this is lowered, and the unnecessary air amount which is increased with the decrease of the residual unripe components generated so far is subtracted from the air amount. Therefore, the required air amount can be calculated and determined. After that, the compost temperature gradually rises, eventually reaches the maximum temperature, and then falls, but it goes without saying that the amount of air to be supplied to the compost raw material should be similarly determined. .

In any case, the amount of air to be supplied to the compost raw material can be determined by repeating some experiments under the same compost manufacturing conditions as those actually used. As described above, an experiment was performed on the assumption that the amount of air proportional to the temperature of the compost raw material and the amount of unnecessary air generated due to the reduction of the residual immature components in the compost raw material are assumed to be the approximate amounts as described above. Determine more appropriate value for each, and further, the amount of air that should be actually supplied to the compost raw material, that is,
The actual air amount, which is the air amount obtained by subtracting the latter from the former corresponding to each other, can be calculated and obtained as described above for each compost raw material temperature in each stage of compost production.

The actual amount of air to be supplied to such a compost raw material is stored in a correlation table in association with the temperature of each stage that changes with the progress of the compost manufacturing process, and in actual practice. The temperature of the compost raw material is measured, and the actual air amount to be supplied is determined by referring to the above correlation table by the measurement time point and the measured temperature value, and the actual air obtained from the correlation table for the compost raw material at that time point is obtained. It is appropriate to supply a quantity.

The operation of measuring the temperature of the compost raw material and the operation of increasing / decreasing the air amount commensurate with this in the above-mentioned compost manufacturing process are manually controlled by an operator (administrator) or automatically controlled by using a computer or the like. Any of these can be freely adopted.

When manual control by an operator (administrator) is adopted, for example, a temperature sensor is periodically inserted at a site 40 cm below the central surface of the compost raw material and measured at this site. Depending on the temperature of the compost raw material and the aging stage, the correlation table is referred to and the corresponding actual air amount is read. Next, the blower for feeding air into the compost raw material through the ventilation pipe is operated to control so that the actual air amount can be supplied. This is continued until the compost raw material becomes a fully-ripened compost.

When automatic control by a computer is adopted, the contents of the correlation table are held in its storage means, and, for example, a temperature signal output from a temperature sensor for periodically measuring the temperature of the compost raw material is received. , The actual air amount corresponding to the measured temperature is read, and if there are multiple actual air amounts corresponding to the measured temperature, the temperature of the compost raw material tends to rise from one or more measured temperatures measured before that. Whether there is a tendency or a downward trend, and the number of times the measured temperature is measured to determine the aging stage, select any one actual air amount, and based on that selection The blower for feeding air into the compost raw material through the ventilation pipe is controlled so that the actual air amount can be supplied.

As described above, according to the method for producing compost of the present invention, the compost raw material is piled up in the aging tank in which the ventilation pipe is arranged in the lower part thereof, and the compost is oxidatively decomposed by the microorganisms and fermented to form the compost. In the method for producing compost, the required amount of air can be appropriately supplied to the compost raw material according to the stage of aging of the compost raw material, so that the oxidative decomposition activity by microorganisms is appropriately performed, and the efficiency and high quality are improved. It will be possible to obtain the compost of.

[0035]

EXAMPLE An example of the method for producing compost according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

<Example 1> First, the aging tank used in Example 1 will be described. This aging tank is open to the front and top, surrounded by both side walls and back wall, and has a frontage of 4 m.
The area is divided into a depth of 4 m and a height of 3.3 m (volume 52.8 m ³ ), and a plurality of them are arranged side by side in the lateral direction. Ventilation piping is evenly arranged on the bottom portion, and a vertically movable temperature sensor protected by a rod-shaped case is arranged above the ventilation piping.

The aeration pipe is a pipe body provided with a large number of ejection holes for ejecting air on average, and the ventilation pipe is inserted into a plurality of grooves formed on the bottom of the aging tank on an average, and above it. The gravel is placed and buried. Further, the ventilation pipe is connected to an air blower via a feeding pipe so that air can be fed into the compost raw material accumulated in the aging tank at a rate of 2.4 m ³ / min.

The temperature sensor can measure the temperature by inserting the temperature detecting portion at the lower end of the temperature sensor from the upper surface of the center of the compost raw material piled in the aging tank to a desired depth.

In this Example 1, using the above-mentioned aging tank, about 34 m ³ of compost raw material with the following compost raw material mixture was added,
The inner part of the chamber is piled up so that the inner part is higher and the lower part is gradually lower, and the outside temperature is 20 to 30 ° C. for 45 days (6.5
Over the course of a week), this was oxidatively decomposed and fermented by microorganisms to produce a compost for soil improvement and leaf vegetables. An appropriate amount of complex microorganisms was added to the above-mentioned compost raw material evenly before being deposited in the aging tank. Still further, the above-mentioned complex microorganisms are mainly aerobic bacteria, to which a facultative anaerobic bacterium and an anaerobic bacterium are appropriately added, which are adsorbed and fixed on a carrier consisting of brown rice flour, bran and vitamins, and this is moderately added. It was cultured at the bacterial concentration of.

[0040]     [Composting material mix]   40 parts by weight of pig manure containing about 10% sawdust   20 parts by weight of horse manure containing about 5% sawdust   Vegetable fiber 10 parts by weight   30 parts by weight of egg

After depositing the compost raw material in the aging tank as described above, the temperature of the compost raw material is once a day at 1 pm, and the administrator operates the elevating device to operate the temperature sensor. We decided to measure the temperature by inserting it into the raw material of compost. The insertion was performed so that the temperature detection part of the temperature sensor reached a site 45 cm from the surface of the central part of the compost raw material.

The administrator obtains the value of the actual air amount corresponding to the temperature of the compost raw material obtained by the temperature sensor as the value of the ventilation time per day with reference to Table 1 below, and the actual air amount is obtained. The air blower was operated in accordance with the value of the aeration time, which is the value of the amount, and an appropriate amount of air at that stage was supplied into the compost raw material through the aeration pipe.

[0043]

[Table 1]

The above Table 1 shows the temperature and aeration of the compost raw material obtained by repeating some experiments under the same conditions as those of Example 1 for the size of the aging tank, the attachment mechanism and structure, the outside temperature, the aging period and the compost raw material. It is a correlation table which shows the relationship with time. Since the aeration time is the same as that of Example 1, it goes without saying that it is the time when air is sent into the aging tank at a rate of 2.4 m ³ / min, and the value is the temperature of each stage. It is the value of the actual air amount expressed by the time in the range.

As described above, the data in Table 1 are obtained by roughly estimating the amount of air proportional to the temperature of the compost raw material and the amount of unnecessary air generated due to the reduction of the residual unripe component in the compost raw material Based on this, on the basis of this, the value of each stage is increased or decreased and some compost manufacturing experiments are conducted, more appropriate values are determined for each, and the amount of air that should be actually supplied to the compost raw material, That is, the values of the actual air amount, which is the air amount obtained by subtracting the latter from the former corresponding to each other, are collectively displayed.

In the course of the above experiment, it was found appropriate to divide the aging stage of the compost raw material into 6 stages,
Table 1 shows the actual air amount values obtained by subtracting the unnecessary air amount generated as the residual immature component in the compost raw material decreases from the air amount proportional to the temperature of the compost raw material at each stage. It is displayed together with the temperature range of. As described above, the actual air amount is indicated by the ventilation time per day.

Since the temperature range of each stage has a certain width and also a certain width in the aging period, the amount of air proportional to the temperature also changes to the immature component reduced by the progress of aging. Because the amount of unnecessary air resulting from this also changes,
It is not possible to select a strict value for the ventilation time, which is the actual air volume in each stage, and there is no choice but to select a value near the average value in each stage. It can be said that it is appropriate from the viewpoints of the quality of compost obtained by utilizing this and the convenience of work.

As described above, in the operation of the blower using Table 1, the ventilation time corresponding to the temperature of the compost raw material obtained by the temperature sensor is obtained from Table 1, and Needless to say, it is carried out according to the value, but when obtaining the aeration time per day corresponding to the temperature of the compost raw material from Table 1, as shown in the column of the compost raw material temperature ° C, there are two stages. Since the temperature range of includes all temperatures in the temperature ranges of 4, 5, and 6,
In such a case, it is not possible to determine which of these stages it belongs to by simply using the temperature of the compost raw material as an index. Therefore, in such a case, it can be easily determined by adding the date and time from the start of aging at the time when the temperature is acquired and the process of the temperature change of the compost raw material until that time to the index.

Further, the air blower is operated according to the value of the aeration time per day obtained from Table 1 in this way. In this embodiment, air is supplied to the compost raw material in units of 15 minutes. did. When the value of the aeration time exceeds 15 minutes, this is divided by the number of times divided by 15 minutes to average the amount of air to be supplied per day. Aeration time of 30 minutes every 12 hours, 60 minutes every 6 hours 1
If it is 20 minutes, 15 minutes is supplied every 3 hours.

In this Example 1, in this manner, compost is produced 45 days after the compost raw material is appropriately supplied with the required amount of air at each stage and the compost raw material is accumulated in the aging tank. Although completed, the temperature change of the compost raw material during that period was as shown in FIG. Further, as described above, since the ventilation time is controlled according to Table 1, the change in the ventilation time shown in FIG. 1 also has the same relationship as the relationship with the compost temperature shown in Table 1. ing.

<Example 2> In Example 2, the composition of the aging tank and its auxiliary equipment used for the implementation, the compost raw material, the method of depositing in the aging tank, the aging period and other conditions, and addition to the compost raw material All of the complex microorganisms are the same as those of Example 1. The fact that the compost raw material was cut back during the ripening process, and the phenomenological aspect of the ripening process that occurred therefor differed from Example 1. Therefore, before turning back, refer to Table 1 above and refer to Table 1 above. The amount of air supplied to the air will be determined.
The difference from the first embodiment is that the determination is made by using.

In Example 2, as described above, the first to fourth steps were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 in all aspects, and at the end of the four steps, that is, the temperature of the compost raw material was 55 ° C.
When it fell below the range, the compost raw material was cut back using a backhoe (working machine). After that, as described above, the following Table 2 was used to determine the supply amount of air to the compost raw material.

The temperature of the compost raw material is continuously measured once a day at 1 pm after the turning back, and the administrator operates the elevating device to insert the temperature sensor into the compost raw material to measure the temperature. The value of the actual air amount corresponding to the temperature of the compost raw material obtained by the temperature sensor is obtained as the value of the aeration time per day with reference to Table 2 as described above. The air blower was operated according to the above, and an appropriate amount of air at that stage was supplied into the compost raw material through the ventilation pipe.

[0054]

[Table 2]

Table 2 above shows Table 1 in the manufacturing process of compost.
Table 1 except that switching was performed at the end of the four stages of
7 is a correlation table showing the relationship between the temperature of the compost raw material and the aeration time at each subsequent step, which is obtained in exactly the same manner as in the case of FIG.

During the course of the experiment to obtain the data in Table 2,
Since it was found to be appropriate to divide the aging stage of the compost raw material into the four stages of A, B, C and D after the completion of the four stages of Table 1, Table 2 shows that The actual air amount, which is the value obtained by subtracting the amount of unnecessary air generated due to the decrease of the residual immature components in the compost raw material from the amount of air proportional to the temperature of the compost raw material, is displayed together with the temperature ranges of the above steps. is there. As described above, the actual air amount is indicated by the ventilation time per day.

At each aging stage after turning back the compost raw material, as shown in the column of the compost raw material temperature ° C in Table 2,
When obtaining the aeration time per day corresponding to the temperature of the compost raw material by referring to Table 2, since the temperature range of the B stage includes the temperature of a part of the C stage and the entire temperature range of the D stage. ,
Regarding the ranges overlapping with each other, it is not possible to determine which of these stages they belong to, simply by using only the temperature as an index. Therefore, regarding this, in addition to the temperature of the above-mentioned compost raw material, it can be easily determined by adding to the index the date and time after the turning when the temperature was obtained and the process of temperature change of the compost raw material until then. You can

In this way, in Example 2, although the required amount of air was appropriately supplied to the compost raw material at each stage, and the compost production was completed 45 days after the compost raw material was deposited in the aging tank,
The temperature change of the compost raw material during that time is as shown in FIG. Further, as described above, the ventilation time was controlled according to Table 1 before switching and according to Table 2 after switching, so that the change in ventilation time shown in FIG. The change has the same relationship as the relationship with the compost temperature shown in each relevant part.

<Comparative Example> In this comparative example, the aging period was 50.
The aeration time was 60 minutes / day (aeration amount per unit time 2.
4 m ³ / min), except that the composition of the aging tank and its ancillary equipment, compost raw materials, complex microorganisms to be added, etc. were all carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, After a aging period of day, a compost of a comparative example was obtained. In addition, this comparative example is a conventional method for producing compost except that a complex microorganism is added.

FIG. 3 shows the relationship among the number of days of deposition, the temperature of the compost raw material, and the aeration time in the aging process of the comparative example carried out as described above. In this comparative example, as described above, since air is always supplied with a constant aeration time regardless of the compost temperature and its aging state, more air than necessary is supplied from the start of aging. Therefore, as a result, the compost raw material is cooled more than necessary from the beginning, the temperature rises more slowly than in Examples 1 and 2, and the microbial activity does not show a speedy rise. Is shown. Further, the maximum temperature of the compost raw material is lower than that of Examples 1 and 2 by about 10 ° C., and the air supply amount is insufficient at the time when the activity of the microorganisms is becoming active, so that sufficient oxidation to be performed at this time is performed. It indicates that disassembly activity is not performed. Further, when the temperature of the maximum temperature of the compost raw material is passed for a while, this time, the supply air becomes excessive and the compost raw material is cooled more than necessary, so that the activity of microorganisms decreases as the temperature decreases. Has become.

Using the composts obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example above as samples, the quality of the compost was measured by the measuring methods additionally described for the following test items, and the measurement results are summarized in Table 3. It was Table 3 also shows target quality standard values for compost.

<Test Items> 1. PH of the compost 2.5 parts by weight of distilled water was added to 1 part by weight of the compost, and the mixture was stirred and extracted for 30 minutes, and the pH of the extract was measured with a PH meter (Central Science Co., UC-23). To do. 2. Conductivity of EC (EC) 5 parts by weight of distilled water was added to 1 part by weight of sample, and the mixture was stirred and extracted, and allowed to stand for 5 minutes. It is measured by CM-50D manufactured by Seisakusho. (Unit: ms / cm) 3. The total carbon sample in the compost is dried, pulverized, and passed through a sieve having a pore size of 2 mm, and the total organic carbon meter (TOC-5000A + SSM5000A manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) connected to a solid sample combustion device is used for measurement. (Unit:%) 4. A sample of total nitrogen in the compost is dried, pulverized, and passed through a sieve having a diameter of 2 mm, and then the sample is measured by the semi-micro Kjeldahl method. (unit:
%) 5. Total carbon / total nitrogen in compost Calculated by dividing the measured value of total carbon in the compost by the measured value of total nitrogen in the compost.

[0063]

[Table 3]

<Consideration of Quality Test Results> 1. In the quality test results of the compost of Example 1, the target quality standard values were cleared in all the items, and the compost of excellent quality was obtained. 2. In addition, according to the quality test result of the compost of Example 2, Example 1
In comparison with the results of the quality test of, the quality is further excellent in any item. This is done by cutting back after the completion of the four stages of the ripening process, stirring and mixing the unripe component that tends to occur on the edge of the ripening tank with the ripening component, further homogenizing and continuing aging, It indicates that the ripening has progressed to almost fully ripened compost. 3. On the other hand, in the quality test result of the compost of the comparative example, although the target quality standard value is managed to some extent, it is slightly inferior to the quality test results of the example 1 and the example 2.

[0065]

Therefore, according to the method for producing compost of 1 of the present invention, the temperature of the compost raw material being aged is measured regularly or continuously, and the temperature and the aging stage are
Since the amount of air that is currently required is estimated and supplied, air that is sufficient in both stages of aging will be supplied, and the oxidative decomposition of the compost raw material will be performed well, and the quality of the compost will be improved. It is now possible to easily obtain good ripe compost.

That is, since the necessary air is surely provided, the oxidative decomposition activity by the microorganisms is actively carried out, and the activity of the microorganisms is lowered due to the cooling due to the excess air supply or due to the insufficient air supply. It doesn't cause problems such as end.

According to the method 2 of the present invention for producing compost, the amount of aeration per unit time is set to be the amount of aeration required to uniformly spread the whole of the compost raw material deposited in advance. Even when the above air is supplied, it can be easily spread over the entire compost raw material. That is, at any stage of the fermentation process, the required amount of aeration can be reliably and evenly fed into the compost raw material. Further, by doing so, it is easy to control the blowing means.

According to the method 3 for producing compost of the present invention, the temperature of the compost raw material can be accurately measured, and therefore the amount of air supplied to the compost raw material set by using this can be made more accurate. be able to.

According to the method 4 for producing compost of the present invention, the temperature of the compost raw material can be easily and accurately measured. Therefore, the amount of air supplied to the compost raw material set by using this can be made more accurate.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of days of deposition, the temperature of compost raw material, and the aeration time in the compost ripening process of Example 1.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of days of deposition, the temperature of compost raw material, and the aeration time in the compost ripening process of Example 2.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of days of deposition, the temperature of compost raw material, and the aeration time in the compost ripening process of the comparative example.

Continued front page    F-term (reference) 4D004 AA02 AA03 AC04 BA04 CA19                       CC02 CC08 DA02 DA03 DA06                       DA11 DA20                 4H061 AA02 CC32 CC36 CC42 EE03                       EE64 GG14 GG49 GG69 LL07

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A compost for producing a compost by placing the compost raw material in an aging tank having a ventilation pipe disposed below the fermented raw material, oxidizing and decomposing by microorganisms and fermenting at the same time while feeding air into the compost raw material through the ventilation pipe. In the production method, the temperature of the compost raw material in the aging tank is measured regularly or continuously, and the current amount of air to be sent into the compost raw material through the ventilation pipe is calculated as follows. A method for producing compost, wherein the amount of air is controlled by subtracting the amount of unnecessary air generated due to a decrease in residual unripe components in the compost raw material from the amount of air proportional to temperature. 2. The method for producing compost according to claim 1, wherein the amount of air is controlled by changing the aeration time after making the amount of air per unit time through the aeration pipe constant. 3. The method for producing compost according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the compost raw material is measured by inserting a temperature sensor into a portion of the compost raw material in the ripening tank where temperature is hardly affected by external factors. . 4. The method for producing compost according to claim 3, wherein a site located 30 to 50 cm below the upper surface of the central portion of the compost raw material stacked in the aging tank is selected as the site of the compost raw material that is less susceptible to the external factors. .