JP2003130491A - Fuel cell exhaust heat utilizing air conditioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel cell exhaust heat utilizing air conditioning system capable of effectively utilizing a DC power and exhaust heat generated from a fuel cell and effectively utilizing an electric energy by directly passing the DC power generated from the fuel cell through the air conditioner. SOLUTION: This fuel cell exhaust heat utilizing air conditioning system comprises: a fuel cell system 59 feeding fuel gas to an anode 14, feeding oxidizer gas to a cathode 15, generating a DC power when the gas causes reaction, and generating exhaust heat; a power system 44 supplying a DC power generated from the fuel cell system 59 to drive an air conditioner system 60, and performing at least either one of storing the surplus amount of the DC power or increasing a load from the system; an air conditioner system for utilizing the exhaust heat generated from the fuel cell system 59 for heating, cooling, and dehumidifying indoors; and a means 40 for storing the exhaust heat generated from the fuel cell.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention cleverly utilizes exhaust heat from a fuel cell to supply heat energy required for air conditioning cooling operation, heating operation, dehumidifying operation, etc. to an air conditioner to effectively utilize the energy. The present invention relates to an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recent fuel cells, such as polymer electrolyte fuel cells, can be made compact in size, have a high power output density, and can be operated by simplifying the system. It is regarded as a promising future power supply system for homes.

Further, application of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell to an air-conditioning system and a cogeneration system is under consideration for use of exhaust heat generated after generation of electric power, as well as use of a power source system for homes and houses.

From this polymer electrolyte fuel cell, along with the generation of electric energy, exhaust heat of about 100 ° C. is emitted.

On the other hand, in a fuel processing system for reforming fuel into hydrogen, exhaust heat such as combustion exhaust gas is generated because a combustor is used to heat the reforming reaction of the reformer and the like.

As described above, a large amount of exhaust heat is generated from the entire fuel cell system, and if the exhaust heat is used for hot water for hot water supply, hot water for baths, heat medium for air conditioning, etc., it is an effective means for heat recovery. Considered one. By the way, if the heat is recovered sufficiently, the total efficiency of heat utilization combining electricity and heat is about 80% according to the calculation.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-311564 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-132105 are disclosed as inventions that effectively utilize both energy of electricity and heat.

The former invention is applied to a fuel cell driven air-conditioning system, and water vapor generated from a cathode (oxidizer electrode) is supplied to the room through a total heat conversion type indoor unit to be used for cooling and heating and humidification. We are using.

The latter invention relates to an exhaust heat distribution device and an exhaust heat utilization system, in which exhaust heat from a fuel cell is heated by a flow control valve or a water pump of the exhaust heat distribution device to a hot water panel or hot water storage. It is distributed to tanks.

[0010]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention
The inventions described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 64 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-132105 both have a configuration in which heat such as heating is utilized by exhaust heat emitted from the fuel cell, but electric power generated from the fuel cell is used. Therefore, when the DC power is converted to the AC power, there is a problem or inconvenience that a loss is generated due to the conversion.

That is, in both of the inventions described in JP-A-10-311564 and JP-A-11-132105, the DC power generated from the fuel cell is not directly supplied to the air conditioner. When the air conditioner is operated by using the DC power generated from the fuel cell, the DC power generated from the fuel cell is first supplied to the power system, and then the AC power is supplied from the power system to the air conditioner. At that time, a DC / AC converter, for example, an inverter is required to apply the DC power from the fuel cell to the power system, so that a loss due to the conversion occurs.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and more effectively utilizes the direct current power and exhaust heat generated from the fuel cell, and directly controls the direct current power generated from the fuel cell. It is an object of the present invention to provide an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell, which energizes a machine to further effectively utilize electric energy.

[0013]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an exhaust air heat utilization air conditioning system for a fuel cell according to the present invention, as set forth in claim 1, supplies a fuel gas to an anode and a cathode. Supply an oxidizer gas to each gas and generate DC power when reacting each gas, and also drive the air conditioner system by supplying the fuel cell system that generates exhaust heat and the DC power generated from this fuel cell system. Along with, the surplus of the DC power is added to the load from the power storage and the grid, a power system that performs at least one of the two, heating the room by using exhaust heat generated from the fuel cell system, cooling, It is provided with an air conditioner system used for dehumidification and means for storing exhaust heat generated from the fuel cell.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to the present invention has the following features.
As described above, the fuel cell system is connected to the battery main body that generates direct current power and exhaust heat, and the battery main body.
With a fuel processing system for reforming the fuel gas,
An air conditioning unit of an air conditioner system is provided, which uses a part of exhaust heat of at least one of exhaust heat generated from the battery main body and exhaust heat generated from the fuel processing system as heating heat.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to the present invention has the following features.
As described above, in the electric power system, when the DC power generated from the battery main body is energized and driven by the compressor of the air conditioning unit, the DC power is preferentially energized regardless of the increase or decrease of the DC power.

Further, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to the present invention has the following features.
As described above, the air conditioning unit of the air conditioning system includes an indoor unit and an outdoor unit that are separated from each other, and the indoor unit and the outdoor unit are both a fan, a heat exchanger, and an exhaust heat utilization side heat exchanger. It is equipped with.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to the present invention has the following features.
As described above, when heat remains in the air conditioning unit of the air conditioner system during heating operation or even at the lowest load operation of the heat pump operation, one of the exhaust heat from at least one of the battery main body and the fuel processing system is discharged. It is equipped with a hot water storage tank for collecting and storing parts.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to the present invention has the following features.
As described above, the air conditioning unit of the air conditioning system has a hot water storage tank that collects and stores heat from at least one of the battery body, the fuel processing system, and the outdoor heat exchanger of the outdoor unit during the cooling operation. A heat radiator for releasing the heat to the atmosphere when the heat remains.

Further, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to the present invention has the following features.
As described above, the radiator is installed on one of the hot water storage tank side and the floor heating panel.

Further, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to the present invention has the following features.
As described in (1), the radiator is equipped with a radiator fan.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to the present invention has the following features.
As described above, during the dehumidifying operation, the air conditioning unit of the air conditioning system supplies part of the heat generated from at least one of the battery main body and the fuel processing system to the exhaust heat utilization side heat exchanger of the indoor unit. It is equipped with means for keeping the room warm.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to the present invention has the following features.
As described in 0, the power system adjusts when the DC power generated from the battery main body is excessive and the inverter that drives the compressor of the air conditioning unit by preferentially energizing the DC power generated from the battery main body. And a commercial inverter that is added to the load from the grid when the DC power generated from the battery main body is surplus.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the air conditioner system utilizing exhaust heat of the fuel cell according to the present invention has the following features.
As described in No. 1, the air conditioning unit of the air conditioning system uses the refrigerant gas used for the compressor as fluorocarbons R410A, R407.
Either C or carbon dioxide is selected.

Further, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of the fuel cell according to the present invention has the following features.
As described in 2, the fuel processing system selects either one of hydrocarbon and kerosene as the fuel gas.

[0025]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, an embodiment of an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings and the reference numerals attached to the drawings.

1 and 2 are schematic system diagrams showing an embodiment of an exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system for a fuel cell according to the present invention. Note that FIG. 1 is a schematic overall system diagram showing a fuel cell system 59 of the exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system of the fuel cell, and FIG. 2 shows an air conditioner system 60 of the exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system of the fuel cell. It is a schematic whole system diagram shown.

In the air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of the fuel cell according to the present invention, the fuel cell is applied to a solid polymer fuel cell as an example.

The fuel cell system 59 according to this embodiment.
Is a fuel processing system (FPS; FuelProcessin)
g System 1 and battery (CSA; Cell)
Stack Assembly) 2.

The fuel processing system 1 includes a fuel section 3, a desulfurizer 4, a combustor 5a, and a heat exchanger 5 in order along the flow of the fuel F and the like.
b, reformer 6, CO shift reactor 7, CO selective oxidizer 8, steam separator 9, reforming water tank 10, reforming water pump 11, exhaust heat heat exchanger 12, exhaust heat supply water pump 13, etc. It is configured to include.

As the fuel F supplied from the fuel section 3 to the scavenger 4, a hydrocarbon fuel such as propane or city gas, or gasified kerosene is appropriately selected and used.

On the other hand, the battery main body 2 is configured to include an anode 14, a cathode 15, a water cooling unit 16, a battery cooling water pump 17, and the like.

The components common to the fuel processing system 1 and the cell body 2 include an air blower 18 and a condensing heat exchanger 19.
Etc. are provided.

The power generation principle of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system having the above structure will be briefly described.

When propane, for example, is selected from the fuel F such as propane or kerosene, the reforming of propane to hydrogen gas is performed in the fuel processing system 1. First, when the fuel F for selecting propane passes through the desulfurizer 4, the sulfur content is removed by, for example, activated carbon or zeolite adsorption, and is converted into gaseous steam separated from the steam separator 9. They are merged and supplied to the reformer 6.

This steam separator 9 is used in the reforming water tank 1
Water supplied from 0 through the reforming water pump 11 and the water supply system 10a is heated by the heat exchanger 5b and the combustor 5a, and is supplied to the reformer 6 as gaseous steam. It is designed to merge. The steam separator 9 collects the drain water separated from the gaseous steam in the reforming water tank 10 via the water recovery system 10b.

On the other hand, in the reformer 6, the supplied fuel (propane) F and steam are subjected to a steam reforming reaction to produce CO, CO _{2 and the} like in addition to hydrogen. At that time, not only the steam reforming reaction becomes an endothermic reaction, but also the reformer 6 is used as a heater.

By the way, in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, when the reforming CO concentration of the fuel gas supplied to the anode 14 is high, the catalyst layer (not shown) of the cell body 2 is poisoned and the activation power becomes high. As a result, the battery capacity will decrease, and the battery capacity will decrease significantly. Therefore, CO needs to be oxidized to CO ₂ .

In the present embodiment, in consideration of such a point, a CO shift reactor 7 and a CO selective oxidizer 8 are provided on the downstream side of the reformer 6, and an air blower 18 is provided in the CO selective oxidizer 8. Of the reformed gas produced in the reformer 6 by supplying air from the CO 2 to the CO shift reactor 7 and CO.
While flowing through the selective oxidizer 8, the oxidation is promoted together with the catalyst.

Although not shown, the catalyst reaction temperatures of the reformer 6 and the CO selective oxidizer 8 are different from each other and are different from each other.
Since the temperature difference between the upstream side and the downstream side of the reformed gas is large, from several hundred degrees to several hundred degrees of the CO selective oxidizer 8, a water heat exchanger for lowering the downstream temperature is actually required. C
A water heat exchanger may be provided between the O shift reactor 7 and the CO selective oxidizer 8.

For example, in the case of reforming propane of the fuel F, the steam reforming reaction in which the oxidation reaction from CO to CO ₂ is omitted and the whole is passed through is based on the following equation (1).

[0041]

[Chemical 1]

The reformed gas passing through the CO selective oxidizer 8 is mainly composed of components such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
When these gases are supplied to the anode 14 of the battery main body 2, hydrogen gas is supplied to the membrane electrode assembly MEA (Membrane).
Electrode Assembly; MEA
Proton H ⁺ flows through an electrolyte membrane (not shown) through a catalyst layer (not shown) of FIG. 1) and is combined with oxygen and electrons in the air flowing through the cathode 15 by the air blower 18 to generate water.

Therefore, the anode 14 has a negative pole and the cathode 15 has a positive pole, and has a potential to generate DC power. When an electric load is present between these potentials, it can function as a power source.

On the other hand, the gas remaining from the outlet of the anode 14 that does not contribute to power generation is used as a combustion gas for heating the combustor 5a of the steam evaporator 5 and the like.

Further, the water vapor emitted from the outlet of the cathode 15 and the water vapor in the combustion exhaust gas are combined with the combustion gas in the combustor 5a of the water vapor evaporator 5 and recovered in the reforming tank 10 via the condensation heat exchanger 19. Therefore, the water self-sustaining in the fuel cell system 50 is achieved.

Since the reaction temperature of the catalyst in the MEA of the battery main body 2 is usually not more than 100 degrees Celsius, cooling water is circulated by the battery cooling water pump 17 so that the temperature of the battery main body 2 becomes lower than that. Heat is dissipated by the exhaust heat exchanger 12 and controlled by an electric control unit (not shown) so that the inlet side cooling water temperature of the battery body 2 becomes constant.

In the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system having such a structure, the exhaust heat heat exchanger 12 is used for the battery main body 2
The medium (antifreeze liquid) or hot water that is heated by exchanging heat with the high temperature water from the water cooling unit 16 of the above is supplied to the indoor unit 22 of the air conditioning unit 20 in the air conditioning system 60 shown in FIG. 2 by driving the exhaust heat supply water pump 13. Supplied.

In order to simplify the polymer electrolyte fuel cell system, the exhaust heat exchanger 12 is not used, and the exhaust heat feed water pump 13 is replaced by the cell cooling water pump 17 of the fuel processing system 1. The warm water may be directly supplied to the indoor unit 22 of the air conditioning unit 20. Since the hot water is directly supplied to the indoor unit 22, the heat efficiency is improved by that much.

Exhaust heat from the battery body 2 is transferred to the air conditioner 2
The heat source may be used not only as a heat source for supplying heat to 0, but also for supplying hot water, or may be released from the radiator 41 to the atmosphere.

In this case, the radiator 41 is the radiator fan 42.
On the other hand, among the hot water storage tank 40 and the floor heating panel,
Installed on either side.

FIG. 2 is a schematic system diagram showing an air conditioner system 60 which is connected to the fuel cell system 50 and is treated as one unit.

The air conditioner system 60 is of a split type in which the air conditioner 20 is divided into an outdoor unit 21 and an indoor unit 22, and is also provided with a refrigerant crossover pipe for connecting the outdoor unit 21 and the indoor unit 22 to each other. Has become.

The outdoor unit 21 has a structure including, for example, a compressor 23, a four-way valve 24, an outdoor heat exchanger 25, an outdoor fan 26, an exhaust heat utilization side heat exchanger 27a and a throttle mechanism 28.

The indoor unit 22 includes an indoor heat exchanger 31,
The indoor fan 32 and the exhaust heat utilization side heat exchanger 27b are provided.

The waste heat utilization side heat exchanger 2 of the outdoor unit 21
7a and the exhaust heat utilization side heat exchanger 27b of the indoor unit 22 are arranged downstream of the blower (not shown) of the outdoor heat exchanger 25 and the indoor heat exchanger 31, respectively, or
Alternatively, the structure may be such that a separate blower is provided exclusively for each exhaust heat heat exchanger.

Furthermore, in addition to the three-way cutoff valve 39 which communicates with the exhaust heat supply water pump 13 of the fuel cell system 50, the air conditioner system 60 has a water pump (P ₂ ) 34, a first
Two-way shutoff valve (V ₁ ) 35, second two-way shutoff valve (V ₂ ) 3
6, third two-way shutoff valve (V ₃ ) 37, fourth two-way shutoff valve (V 3
₄ ) 38, hot water storage tank 40, radiator 41, radiation fan 42,
The fifth two-way cutoff valve (V ₅ ) 43 is provided. The hot water storage tank 40, or the radiator 41 and the radiation fan 42 do not necessarily have to be integrally installed in the fuel cell integrated air conditioning system. Further, the first two-way shutoff valve (V ₁ ) 35 and the second two-way shutoff valve (V ₂ ) 36 may be one valve having the same function as the three-way shutoff valve 39 described above. , Any kind of valve.

Air conditioner system 6 having such a configuration
The heating operation principle of 0 will be briefly described.

Table 1 shows heating operation, cooling operation, dehumidifying operation,
Medium flow path of the four-way valve 24, presence / absence of operation of the radiating fan 42, presence / absence of opening / closing of the first two-way shutoff valve (V ₁ ) 35 to the fifth two-way shutoff valve (V ₅ ) 43 in each operation mode of power generation operation , A list of the presence or absence of operation of the interconnection to the grid, supply or storage of surplus power to the secondary battery (battery), and operation of the waste heat supply water pump (P ₁ ) 13 and the water pump (P ₂ ) 34 It is a thing.

[0059]

[Table 1]

At that time, as shown in FIG. 3, the power system 44 for driving the air conditioner system 60 includes a chopper 45 for boosting the DC power generated from the battery main body 2 and a DC power boosted by the chopper 45. In the case of surplus, for example, a battery (secondary battery) 47 that adjusts the high-voltage DC power to a low-voltage DC power (DC / DC) by the converter 46 and stores the power is provided.

The power system 44 also includes a chopper 45.
A motor-driven inverter (DC / AC) 48 that preferentially energizes and drives the compressor 23 shown in FIG. 2 regardless of whether or not the direct-current power boosted in step 1 is surplus power,
Electric load 5 by adding surplus power to AC power from grid 49
A commercial inverter (DC / AC) 51 for increasing 0 is provided.

In the air conditioner system 60 including the electric power system 44, during heating operation, the battery main body 2 is preferentially energized via the chopper 45 and the inverter 48 regardless of the surplus power, and is driven by the energization. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas sent from the compressor 25 shown in FIG.
In the indoor heat exchanger 31, the air is supplied from the indoor fan 32 of the indoor unit 22 through the flow path of the solid line portion of the four-way valve 24 shown in FIG. At this time, the indoor air from the indoor fan 32 receives the high-temperature heat from the refrigerant gas and becomes warm.

On the other hand, the refrigerant gas condensed in the indoor heat exchanger 31 is supplied to the outdoor unit 21, is throttled by the throttling mechanism 28, becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase flow, is supplied from the outdoor fan 26, and is the refrigerant. The outdoor heat exchanger 25 heats and evaporates the outdoor air having a high gas evaporation temperature.

The refrigerant gas evaporated in the outdoor heat exchanger 25 is
It is returned to the compressor 23 through the flow path indicated by the solid line of the four-way valve 24, where it is compressed again into high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which is supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 31 of the indoor unit 22.

In contrast to such a normal heating operation, in the exhaust heat utilization heating operation mode utilizing the exhaust heat from the battery main body 2 according to the present embodiment, the exhaust heat supply water pump 13 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. For example, the exhaust hot water supplied is supplied to the indoor unit 2
2 is supplied to the exhaust heat utilization side heat exchanger 27b, where the indoor air from the indoor fan 32 is heated, and then returned to the exhaust heat supply water pump (P ₁ ) 13 of the fuel cell system 59. ing. The exhaust heat hot water from the exhaust heat supply water pump (P ₁ ) 13 is No. 1 in Table 1. As shown in column 1, the first two-way shutoff valve (V ₁ ) 35 is opened and the second two-way shutoff valve (V ₂ ) 3
6, while the third two-way cutoff valve (V ₃ ) 37 and the fifth two-way cutoff valve (V ₅ ) 43 are closed, the radiator 41 is bypassed by switching the three-way cutoff valve 39, and the indoor unit 22 The indoor heat from the indoor fan 32 is heated by the exhaust heat utilizing heat exchanger 27b.

In this case, the condensation temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 31 due to the refrigerant gas is usually around 40 ° C., whereas the exhaust heat temperature from the battery body 2 is around 60 ° C., so that the arrow The exhaust temperature from the exhaust heat utilization side heat exchanger 27b located on the downstream side of the indoor heat exchanger 31 shown by is increased, and a stable heating feeling can be maintained.

Then, in the case of the exhaust heat utilization heating operation utilizing the exhaust heat from the battery main body 2, the electric power system 44 supplies the direct-current power generated from the battery main body 2 via the inverter 48 as shown in FIG. The compressor 23 is preferentially energized and driven.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the DC power from the battery main body 2 is preferentially supplied to the compressor 23 via the inverter 48, so that the burden of the starting current is reduced and the compressor 23 is reduced. The coefficient of performance (COP) is increased, and the heat pump operation can be performed with higher efficiency.

Further, in the present embodiment, the exhaust heat from the battery main body 2 is skillfully used and combined with the normal heating by the refrigerant gas from the compressor 23, so that the heating is economical and stable. You can drive.

In the present embodiment, when the exhaust heat generated from the battery main body 2 is excessive at the minimum load of the heat pump operation during the heating load operation, the battery main body 2 shown in FIG.
For example, the exhaust heat hot water or the exhaust heat hot water from the fuel processing system 1 supplied from the exhaust heat supply water pump (P ₁ ) 13 of No. 1 is bypassed by the radiator 41. As shown in the second column, a hot water storage operation mode for storing in the hot water storage tank 40 is performed.

In this hot water storage operation mode, as shown in FIG. 2, the first two-way shutoff valve (V ₁ ) 35 and the third two-way shutoff valve (V 1
₃ ) 37 and the fifth two-way cutoff valve (V ₅ ) 43 are closed, and the second two-way cutoff valve (V ₂ ) 36 is opened, and the waste heat supply water pump (P ₁ ) 13 supplies the water. For example, waste heat hot water is supplied to the hot water storage tank 40 by bypassing the radiator 41 by switching the three-way shutoff valve 39. Then, when the hot waste water is used for hot water supply, a bath or the like, the fourth two-way shutoff valve (V ₄ ) 38 of the hot water storage tank 40 is opened.

Even in the heat pump heating operation for storing hot water using the exhaust heat, when the electric load is excessive, the power system 4 is used.
As shown in FIG. 3, the converter 4 converts the surplus electric power into a converter 46.
The electric power is stored in a battery (secondary battery) 47 via a commercial inverter 51 and is connected to a system 49 via a commercial inverter 51 to be used as a power for an electric load 50 of another electric device.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, by performing the hot water storage operation mode during the heating operation, the exhaust heat from the battery main body 2 and the surplus electric power can be effectively used, which contributes to the effective utilization of the earth resources. can do. In the present embodiment, the use of the exhaust heat from the battery main body 2 is mainly applied to the heating operation, so the amount of stored hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 40 is relatively small. However, only that much 40
Can be miniaturized.

Further, in the present embodiment, the hydrocarbon supplied to the battery main body 2 is hydrocarbon, for example, propane, but kerosene which is gasified may be used as fuel. In this case, since the running cost is low and the kerosene infrastructure is in place especially in the cold district where the heating needs are large, the advantage of using this system is great.

Further, in the present embodiment, as a refrigerant gas used in the compressor 23, a CFC having a high coefficient of performance (COP) and usable as a heat source medium for hot water supply and capable of high temperature condensation at 70 ° C. to 80 ° C. R410A. , Freon R407C, of carbon dioxide CO _2, by selecting one, it is possible to perform effective heating operation.

In this embodiment, the fuel cell system 5
The fuel processing system 1 and the battery main body 2 are combined as 9, and the DC power and exhaust heat generated by reacting oxygen with hydrogen are skillfully utilized to perform heating operation and hot water storage operation. Since, for example, only uses the electric power and heat generated from the battery main body 2, pure hydrogen may be directly supplied to the battery main body 2 and the fuel processing system 1 may be omitted.

The heat emitted from the condensation heat exchanger 19 may be supplied to other equipment as hot water in addition to the reforming water tank 10.

Next, a cooling operation mode for not using exhaust heat from the battery main body 2 will be described.

In the normal cooling operation, the four-way valve 24 shown in FIG. 2 is used.
To reverse the flow path of the refrigerant gas to the broken line portion to make the outdoor heat exchanger 25 function as a condenser,
1 is functioning as an evaporator.

In contrast to the normal cooling operation, the exhaust heat non-use cooling operation mode according to the present embodiment is No. 1 in Table 1. As shown in column 3, each of the first two-way shutoff valve (V ₁ ) 35, the second two-way shutoff valve (V ₂ ) 36, and the third two-way shutoff valve (V ₃ ) 37 is closed, and the fifth two-way shutoff valve (V ₃ ) 37 is closed. With the one-way shutoff valve (V ₅ ) 43 open, the three-way shutoff valve 39 receives, for example, the hot exhaust hot water supplied from the exhaust heat supply water pump (P ₁ ) 13 or the hot exhaust hot water from the fuel processing system 1. The heat is supplied to the radiator 41 and the heat is emitted to the atmosphere by the driving power of the heat radiation fan 42.

On the other hand, during the cooling operation without using the exhaust heat, the battery main body 2
The hot water storage operation mode in which the exhaust heat from the hot water storage tank 40 is stored in No. 1 of Table 1. As shown in column 4, the first two-way shutoff valve (V ₁ )
35, the third two-way cutoff valve (V ₃ ) 37 and the fifth two-way cutoff valve (V ₅ ) 43 are closed, and the second two-way cutoff valve (V ₂ ) 36 is opened, and the exhaust heat supply water is supplied. For example, waste heat hot water supplied from the pump (P ₁ ) 13 is supplied to the hot water storage tank 40 by bypassing the radiator 41 by switching the three-way cutoff valve 39. Then, when the hot water is used for hot water supply, a bath or the like, the fourth two-way shutoff valve (V ₄ ) 38 of the hot water storage tank 40 is opened.

On the other hand, the hot water storage operation is also used during the cooling operation,
The so-called cooling powerful hot water storage operation mode is No. 1 in Table 1.
As shown in column 5, the heat of condensation of the outdoor heat exchanger 25 of the air conditioner 20 is pumped up and used as the hot water heat of the hot water storage tank 40. That is, when the air conditioning unit 20 performs the cooling operation, in the cooling powerful hot water storage operation mode, as shown in FIG. 2, the four-way valve 24 is reversed to the broken line portion, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 23 is exchanged with the outdoor heat. Condensate in vessel 25. The heat generated at that time is indicated by an arrow in the outdoor fan 26.
The water pump (P ₂ ) toward the exhaust heat utilization heat exchanger 27a located on the downstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger 25 in the direction of the air flow.
It is given to the water supplied from and stored in the hot water storage tank 40 as hot water.

At this time, each of the first two-way shutoff valve (V ₁ ) 35 and the fifth two-way shutoff valve (V ₅ ) 43 is closed, and the second two-way shutoff valve (V ₂ ) 36 and the third two-way shutoff valve (V ₂ ). Open each of the shutoff valves (V ₃ ) 37. Then, for example, exhaust heat hot water supplied from the exhaust heat supply water pump (P ₁ ) 13
When stored in the hot water storage tank 40 and used for hot water supply, bath, etc.,
Open the two-way shutoff valve (V ₄ ) 38.

As described above, in this embodiment, during the cooling operation,
Since the heat of refrigerant condensation of the outdoor heat exchanger 25 of the outdoor unit 21 and the exhaust heat hot water discharged from the battery main body 2 can be stored in the hot water storage tank 40 as a powerful hot water supply, it is economical and highly energy efficient cooling. Driving can be realized.

Further, the dehumidifying operation mode utilizing the exhaust heat from the battery main body 2 will be described.

Here, the dehumidifying operation mode means a warm dehumidifying operation in which the temperature in the room is not lowered.

Normally, in the dehumidifying operation, as shown in FIG. 2, the refrigerant gas from the compressor 23 is passed through the path shown by the broken line of the four-way valve 24, the outdoor heat exchanger 25, and the throttle mechanism 28 to the indoor heat exchanger. It is supplied to No. 31, and here, the refrigerant gas is evaporated to dehumidify the inside of the room, but at that time, it is generally necessary to lower the room temperature. However, in this embodiment, the room temperature is adapted to be warmed by utilizing the exhaust heat of the battery.

When performing such an operation, the first two-way shutoff valve (V ₁ ) 35 is opened and the second two-way shutoff valve (V ₂ ) 36,
The third two-way cutoff valve (V ₃ ) 37 and the fifth two-way cutoff valve (V 3
₅ ) With each of the 43 closed, the exhaust heat from the battery main body 2 is used to supply, for example, exhaust hot water supplied from the exhaust heat supply water pump (P ₁ ) 13 to the exhaust heat utilization heat exchanger 27b. It is supplied, and heat is released here toward the room.

As described above, in this embodiment, the exhaust heat from the battery main body 2 is used, and the exhaust heat water supplied from the exhaust heat supply water pump (P ₁ ) 13 is supplied to the exhaust heat utilization heat exchanger 27b. However, since it warms the room, it can be maintained in a comfortable dehumidifying environment without bottom cooling where the room temperature drops during the rainy season and autumn.

Finally, a power generation operation mode that is performed regardless of the season when the air conditioner system 60 is used will be described.

This power generation operation mode is No. 1 in Table 1. Battery exhaust heat utilization mode shown in column 7 and No. 1 in Table 1. It is classified into a battery waste heat non-use mode shown in column 8.

In the former waste heat utilization mode, as shown in FIG. 3, the DC power generated from the battery main body 2 is preferentially supplied to the inverter (DC / AC) 48 via the chopper 45 to drive the compressor 23. A battery (secondary battery) 47 is driven by driving a part of surplus power through a converter (DC / DC) 46.
Electricity is stored by the commercial inverter (D
The electric load 50 is increased in addition to the AC power from the grid 49 via the C / AC) 51, and the exhaust heat from the battery main body 2 is used to be supplied from the exhaust heat supply water pump (P ₁ ) 13. The exhaust heat water is supplied to the first two-way shutoff valve (V ₁ ) 35,
The third two-way cutoff valve (V ₃ ) 37 and the fifth two-way cutoff valve (V 3
₅ ) 43 respectively, and the second two-way shutoff valve (V ₂ ) 3
In the state where 6 is opened, the radiator 41 is bypassed and supplied to the hot water storage tank 40 by switching the three-way cutoff valve 39. Then, when the hot waste water is used for hot water supply, a bath or the like, the fourth two-way shutoff valve (V ₄ ) 38 of the hot water storage tank 40 is opened.

In the latter battery waste heat non-use mode, the same operation mode as described above is adopted for the power generation operation, and the waste heat heat water supplied from the waste heat supply water pump (P ₁ ) 13 is The first two-way shutoff valve (V ₁ ) 35, the second two-way shutoff valve (V ₂ ) 36, and the third two-way shutoff valve (V ₃ ) 37 are closed, and the fifth two-way shutoff valve (V ₅ ) 43. In the open state, the three-way cutoff valve 39 is switched to supply the heat to the radiator 41, and the heat is dissipated to the atmosphere by the heat radiation fan 42.

As described above, in this embodiment, the direct-current power generated from the battery main body 2 is used to perform the power generation operation, and
Since exhaust heat generated from the battery body 2 is used to perform heating / cooling operation, hot water storage operation, etc., in combination with effective use of DC power,
It is possible to operate economically and with high energy efficiency.

[0095]

As described above, the exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system for a fuel cell according to the present invention uses the air conditioning unit driving means that preferentially utilizes the DC power generated from the battery body, and the surplus power of the DC power. While it is provided with a storage means for storing electricity and a means for increasing the load on the system, it is provided with heating / cooling means, dehumidification and hot water storage means that effectively utilize the heat energy generated from the battery main body, so that it is economical and highly energy efficient. Supply and co-heating can be performed simultaneously.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic overall system diagram showing an embodiment of a fuel cell system in an exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system for a fuel cell according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic overall system diagram showing an embodiment of an air conditioner system of the exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system for a fuel cell according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an electric power system applied to an air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Fuel processing system 2 Battery body 3 Fuel Department 4 drainers 5 Steam evaporator 5a Combustor 5b heat exchanger 6 reformer 7 CO shift reactor 8 CO selective oxidizer 9 Water vapor separator 10 Reforming water tank 10a Water supply system 10b Water recovery system 11 Reforming water pump 12 Exhaust heat heat exchanger 13 Waste heat supply water pump 14 Anode 15 cathode 16 Water cooling unit 17 Battery cooling water pump 18 air blower 19 Condensation heat exchanger 19a Residual gas recovery system 20 Air conditioning unit 21 outdoor unit 22 Indoor unit 23 Compressor 24 four-way valve 25 outdoor heat exchanger 26 outdoor fan 27a, 27b Exhaust heat utilization side heat exchanger 28 Aperture mechanism 31 Indoor heat exchanger 32 indoor fan 34 water pump 35 1st 2-way shutoff valve 36 Second 2-way shutoff valve 37 Third two-way shutoff valve 38 4th two-way shutoff valve 39 3-way shutoff valve 40 hot water storage tank 41 radiator 42 Heat dissipation fan 43 5th two-way shutoff valve 44 power system 45 chopper 46 converter 47 battery 48 inverter 49 lines 50 electric load 51 commercial inverter 59 Fuel cell system 60 air conditioner system

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A fuel cell system for generating direct-current power and exhaust heat when a fuel gas is supplied to an anode and an oxidant gas is supplied to a cathode to react each gas, and a fuel cell system for the same. From the fuel cell system, a power system that supplies at least one of a power supply and a load from the grid while supplying the DC power generated from the air conditioner system to drive the air conditioner system. Exhaust heat of a fuel cell, comprising an air conditioner system for utilizing exhaust heat generated for heating, cooling and dehumidifying the room, and means for storing hot water by utilizing exhaust heat generated from the fuel cell Use air conditioning system. 2. A fuel cell system includes a battery main body for generating direct current power and exhaust heat, and a fuel processing system connected to the battery main body for reforming fuel gas, and exhaust gas generated from the battery main body. The fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising an air conditioning unit of an air conditioner system that utilizes at least one of exhaust heat generated from the heat and the fuel processing system as heating heat. Exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system. 3. The electric power system preferentially energizes the DC power generated from the battery main body when the compressor in the air conditioning unit is energized and driven, regardless of the increase or decrease of the DC power. 1. An air conditioning system for exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to 1. 4. The air conditioner of the air conditioner system includes an indoor unit and an outdoor unit that are separated from each other, and the indoor unit and the outdoor unit both include a fan, a heat exchanger, and a heat exchanger using exhaust heat. The exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system for a fuel cell according to claim 2, which is provided. 5. A part of exhaust heat from at least one of a battery main body and a fuel processing system, when heat remains in the air conditioning section of the air conditioner system during heating operation or even under minimum load operation of heat pump operation. The exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system for a fuel cell according to claim 2, further comprising a hot water storage tank for collecting and storing the fuel. 6. A hot water tank for collecting and storing heat from at least one of a battery main body, a fuel processing system, and an outdoor heat exchanger of an outdoor unit, during the cooling operation, the air conditioning unit of the air conditioning system, The exhaust heat utilization air-conditioning system for a fuel cell according to claim 2, further comprising a radiator for discharging the heat to the atmosphere when the heat is excessive. 7. The exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system for a fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the radiator is installed on one of the hot water storage tank side and the floor heating panel. 8. The air conditioning system utilizing exhaust heat of a fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the radiator is provided with a radiation fan. 9. The air conditioner of the air conditioner system supplies a part of heat generated from at least one of the battery main body and the fuel processing system to a heat exchanger using exhaust heat of the indoor unit during dehumidifying operation, The exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system for a fuel cell according to claim 2, further comprising means for keeping the room warm. 10. An electric power system, wherein an inverter drives a compressor in an air conditioner by preferentially energizing direct current power generated from a battery body, and a battery that adjusts when the direct current power generated from the battery body is excessive. When the DC power generated from the battery main body and the converter to be stored in
The exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system for a fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising a commercial inverter that applies a load from the grid. 11. The fuel according to claim 2, wherein the air conditioner of the air conditioner system selects one of CFCs R410A, R407C and carbon dioxide as the refrigerant gas used in the compressor. An air conditioning system that uses the exhaust heat of the battery. 12. The exhaust heat utilization air conditioning system for a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the fuel processing system selects one of a hydrocarbon and a kerosene as the fuel gas.