JP2000156236A - Solid polymer type fuel cell system - Google Patents

Solid polymer type fuel cell system

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Publication number
JP2000156236A
JP2000156236A JP10327143A JP32714398A JP2000156236A JP 2000156236 A JP2000156236 A JP 2000156236A JP 10327143 A JP10327143 A JP 10327143A JP 32714398 A JP32714398 A JP 32714398A JP 2000156236 A JP2000156236 A JP 2000156236A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
air
fuel cell
fuel
heat exchanger
side water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP10327143A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3685936B2 (en
JP2000156236A5 (en
Inventor
Yoshiaki Yamamoto
義明 山本
Masataka Ozeki
正高 尾関
Akinari Nakamura
彰成 中村
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP32714398A priority Critical patent/JP3685936B2/en
Publication of JP2000156236A publication Critical patent/JP2000156236A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3685936B2 publication Critical patent/JP3685936B2/en
Publication of JP2000156236A5 publication Critical patent/JP2000156236A5/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solid polymer type fuel cell system capable of ensuring stable operation at high efficiency and smoothly starting. SOLUTION: This solid polymer type fuel cell system comprises a solid polymer fuel cell 21 generating the power by using the fuel gas including hydrogen and the air, a humidity exchange-type heat exchanger 26 exchanging the heat between the air supplied to the fuel cell 21 and the air exhausted from the fuel cell 21, humidifying the supplied air and dehumidifying the exhausted air, and an air side water recovering unit 27 for condensing the aqueous vapour included in the air exhausted from the humidity exchange-type heat exchanger 26. The fuel cell 21, the humidity exchange-type heat exchanger 26 and the air side water recovering unit 27 are vertically arranged in this order.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【０００１】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、固体高分子型燃料
電池を用いて発電を行う固体高分子型燃料電池システム
に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system for generating electric power using a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】以下に、従来の固体高分子型燃料電池シ
ステムについて説明する。2. Description of the Related Art A conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell system will be described below.

【０００３】図３に、従来の固体高分子型燃料電池シス
テムを示す。水素生成装置２は天然ガスなどの原料を水
蒸気改質し、水素リッチなガスを燃料電池１に供給す
る。水素生成装置２には、改質反応に必要な温度まで昇
温させるバーナー３が設置されている。水素生成装置２
の出口には、燃料電池１に供給する燃料ガスを加湿する
燃料側加湿器４が設置されている。また、酸化剤として
の空気は、空気供給装置５から供給され、空気側加湿器
６により加湿される。燃料側加湿器４および空気側加湿
器６は、燃料電池１の高分子膜の特性を保つためのもの
である。空気側加湿器６は、燃料電池１から排出される
空気から水蒸気を回収する湿度交換型熱交換器で構成さ
れている。燃料電池１から排出され空気側加湿器６で湿
度を下げた空気は、空気側水回収器７で外気により冷却
され、さらに除湿される。得られた凝縮水は水タンク８
に蓄えられる。回収された水は、燃料側水ポンプ９によ
り水素生成装置２および燃料側加湿器４に送られ、燃料
改質および燃料側加湿に利用される。燃料電池１では、
電気とともに熱が生じるために、冷却水を送る冷却用ポ
ンプ１０と、発生した熱を外部へ放出する冷却用放熱器
１１を備えている。FIG. 3 shows a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell system. The hydrogen generator 2 steam-reforms a raw material such as natural gas and supplies a hydrogen-rich gas to the fuel cell 1. The burner 3 that raises the temperature to a temperature required for the reforming reaction is installed in the hydrogen generator 2. Hydrogen generator 2
A fuel-side humidifier 4 for humidifying the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell 1 is installed at an outlet of the fuel cell 1. The air as the oxidant is supplied from the air supply device 5 and humidified by the air-side humidifier 6. The fuel humidifier 4 and the air humidifier 6 are for maintaining the characteristics of the polymer membrane of the fuel cell 1. The air-side humidifier 6 is configured by a humidity exchange type heat exchanger that recovers water vapor from the air discharged from the fuel cell 1. The air discharged from the fuel cell 1 and reduced in humidity by the air-side humidifier 6 is cooled by outside air in the air-side water collector 7 and further dehumidified. The condensed water obtained is stored in a water tank 8
Is stored in The recovered water is sent to the hydrogen generator 2 and the fuel-side humidifier 4 by the fuel-side water pump 9 and used for fuel reforming and fuel-side humidification. In the fuel cell 1,
In order to generate heat together with electricity, a cooling pump 10 for sending cooling water and a cooling radiator 11 for releasing generated heat to the outside are provided.

【０００４】水素生成装置２内では、天然ガスから水素
リッチなガスを生成する改質反応を促進するために、温
度が７００℃程度になるようにバーナー３で加熱する。
この改質反応には水蒸気が必要となるため、燃料側水ポ
ンプ９より水が供給されている。水素生成装置２を出た
燃料ガスは、燃料側加湿器４で加湿され、燃料電池１に
送り込まれる。燃料電池１より排出される発電に用いら
れなかった燃料ガスは、バーナー３に送られ燃焼に利用
される。なお、起動時は改質に必要な温度に達しないた
めに、充分に水素に変換することができない。このとき
改質ガスには一酸化炭素を多く含んでいる。一酸化炭素
は燃料電池１の特性を大きく低下させることから、燃料
電池１にガスを流すことができない。したがって、改質
ガスを直接バーナー３に供給するバイパス回路１２が設
けられている。[0004] In the hydrogen generator 2, the burner 3 is heated to a temperature of about 700 ° C in order to promote a reforming reaction for generating a hydrogen-rich gas from natural gas.
Since the reforming reaction requires steam, water is supplied from the fuel-side water pump 9. The fuel gas exiting the hydrogen generator 2 is humidified by the fuel humidifier 4 and sent to the fuel cell 1. Fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 and not used for power generation is sent to the burner 3 and used for combustion. In addition, at the time of startup, the temperature required for reforming does not reach, so that it cannot be sufficiently converted to hydrogen. At this time, the reformed gas contains a large amount of carbon monoxide. Since carbon monoxide greatly degrades the characteristics of the fuel cell 1, gas cannot flow through the fuel cell 1. Therefore, a bypass circuit 12 that supplies the reformed gas directly to the burner 3 is provided.

【０００５】[0005]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、上記従
来例のような燃料電池システムにおいて発電を行う際
に、燃料電池１において大量の水蒸気が生成し、これが
空気側加湿器６や空気側流路で結露し、空気側圧力およ
び空気流量が変動し、電池特性が低下する課題を生じ
た。However, when power is generated in the fuel cell system as in the above-described conventional example, a large amount of water vapor is generated in the fuel cell 1, and this is generated in the air-side humidifier 6 and the air-side flow path. Condensation caused a change in the air side pressure and air flow rate, causing a problem that the battery characteristics deteriorated.

【０００６】また、起動時に改質ガスをバイパスする
と、改質ガスに含まれている水分によって、充分に燃焼
することができず、臭気を発生したり、昇温時間が逆に
長くなる場合があった。Further, if the reformed gas is bypassed at the time of startup, it may not be possible to sufficiently burn due to the moisture contained in the reformed gas, which may cause odors or increase the temperature rise time. there were.

【０００７】本発明は、上述したこのような従来の固体
高分子型燃料電池システムが有する課題を考慮して、高
効率で安定した運転を確保するとともに、スムーズな起
動ができる固体高分子型燃料電池システムを提供するこ
とを目的とするものである。The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems of the conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell system, and has assured a high efficiency and stable operation and a smooth startup of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell. It is an object to provide a battery system.

【０００８】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段】第１の本発明（請求項１
に記載の本発明に対応）は、少なくとも、水素を含む燃
料ガスと空気を用いて発電を行う固体高分子型の燃料電
池と、前記燃料電池への供給空気と前記燃料電池からの
排出空気との間の熱交換を行うとともに、前記供給空気
の加湿および前記排出空気の除湿を行う湿度交換型熱交
換器と、前記湿度交換型熱交換器より排出される空気に
含まれる水蒸気を凝縮して回収する空気側水回収器とを
備え、前記燃料電池、湿度交換型熱交換器、空気側水回
収器は、鉛直方向に上から、前記燃料電池、湿度交換型
熱交換器、空気側水回収器の順に設置されていることを
特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池システムである。Means for Solving the Problems The first invention (claim 1)
The present invention described in (1) is at least a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that generates power using a fuel gas containing hydrogen and air, a supply air to the fuel cell, and an exhaust air from the fuel cell. While exchanging heat during the humidification of the supply air and dehumidification of the exhaust air, and a moisture exchange type heat exchanger, by condensing the water vapor contained in the air discharged from the humidity exchange type heat exchanger An air-side water recovery unit for recovering the fuel cell, the humidity-exchange type heat exchanger, and the air-side water recovery unit. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell system, which is installed in the order of a vessel.

【０００９】第２の本発明（請求項２に記載の本発明に
対応）は、少なくとも、燃料ガスと空気を用いて発電を
行う固体高分子型の燃料電池と、原料を水蒸気改質して
水素リッチな改質ガスを生成する水素生成装置と、前記
燃料電池より排出される燃料ガスに含まれる水蒸気を凝
縮して回収する燃料側水回収器と、前記水素生成装置の
出口と前記燃料側水回収器の入口を結ぶバイパス管と、
起動時には、改質ガスを前記バイパス管へ導き、通常運
転時には改質ガスを前記燃料電池へ導く切り替え機構と
を、備えたことを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池シス
テムである。A second invention (corresponding to the second aspect of the invention) comprises a polymer electrolyte fuel cell that generates power using at least a fuel gas and air, and a steam reforming of a raw material. A hydrogen generator that generates a hydrogen-rich reformed gas, a fuel-side water collector that condenses and recovers water vapor contained in the fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell, an outlet of the hydrogen generator, and the fuel-side. A bypass pipe connecting the inlet of the water collector,
A switching mechanism that guides the reformed gas to the bypass pipe during startup and guides the reformed gas to the fuel cell during normal operation.

【００１０】[0010]

【発明の実施の形態】以下に、本発明の実施の形態を図
面を参照して説明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

【００１１】（第１の実施の形態）図１は、本発明の第
１の実施の形態における固体高分子型燃料電池システム
を示す構成図である。水素を含む燃料ガスと空気を用い
て発電を行う燃料電池２１には、水素生成装置２２から
天然ガスなどの原料が水蒸気改質された水素リッチなガ
スが供給される。水素生成装置２２には、改質反応に必
要な温度まで昇温させるバーナー２３が設置されてい
る。水素生成装置２２の出口には、燃料電池１に供給す
る燃料ガスを加湿する燃料側加湿器２４が設置されてい
る。また、酸化剤としての空気は、空気供給装置２５か
ら供給され、空気側加湿器２６により加湿される。燃料
側加湿器２４および空気側加湿器２６は、燃料電池２１
の高分子膜の特性を保つためのものである。(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. A hydrogen-rich gas obtained by steam-reforming a raw material such as natural gas is supplied from a hydrogen generator 22 to a fuel cell 21 that generates power using a fuel gas containing hydrogen and air. The hydrogen generator 22 is provided with a burner 23 for raising the temperature to a temperature required for the reforming reaction. At the outlet of the hydrogen generator 22, a fuel humidifier 24 for humidifying the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell 1 is provided. The air as the oxidant is supplied from the air supply device 25 and is humidified by the air-side humidifier 26. The fuel-side humidifier 24 and the air-side humidifier 26
This is for maintaining the characteristics of the polymer film.

【００１２】空気側加湿器２６は、燃料電池２１から排
出される空気から水蒸気を回収する湿度交換型熱交換器
で構成されている。燃料電池２１から排出され空気側加
湿器２６で湿度を下げた空気は、空気側水回収器２７で
外気により冷却され、さらに除湿される。得られた凝縮
水は水タンク２８に蓄えられる。回収された水は、燃料
側水ポンプ２９により水素生成装置２２および燃料側加
湿器２４に送られ、燃料改質および燃料側加湿に利用さ
れる。燃料電池２１では電気とともに熱が生じるため
に、冷却水を送る冷却用ポンプ３０と、発生した熱を外
部へ放出する冷却用放熱器３１を備えている。The air-side humidifier 26 is composed of a humidity exchange type heat exchanger for recovering water vapor from the air discharged from the fuel cell 21. The air discharged from the fuel cell 21 and reduced in humidity by the air-side humidifier 26 is cooled by the outside air in the air-side water collector 27 and further dehumidified. The obtained condensed water is stored in the water tank 28. The recovered water is sent to the hydrogen generator 22 and the fuel-side humidifier 24 by the fuel-side water pump 29, and is used for fuel reforming and fuel-side humidification. In order to generate heat together with electricity, the fuel cell 21 includes a cooling pump 30 for sending cooling water and a cooling radiator 31 for releasing generated heat to the outside.

【００１３】次に、このような本実施の形態の動作を説
明する。Next, the operation of the embodiment will be described.

【００１４】燃料電池２１内部では、水素を含む改質ガ
スと空気が反応して大量の水蒸気が生じる。この水蒸気
は、空気側流路で形成されるために、その大部分が空気
側の出口から流出してくる。この時、液化した水が含ま
れる。本発明では、燃料電池２１は最上部に位置するた
め、液化した水も滞留することなくスムーズに流下する
ことができる。流出した空気は空気側加湿器２６に流入
する。空気側加湿器２６では、空気供給装置２５から供
給される低温、低湿度の空気に水蒸気と熱を与える。こ
のときの降温により凝縮水が生じる。凝縮水を含む空気
は、下方に位置する空気側水回収器２７に重力によりス
ムーズに流出する。空気側水回収器２７は、外部空気に
より冷却され、水蒸気を凝縮させる。Inside the fuel cell 21, the reformed gas containing hydrogen reacts with air to generate a large amount of water vapor. Most of this water vapor flows out of the air-side outlet because it is formed in the air-side flow path. At this time, liquefied water is included. In the present invention, since the fuel cell 21 is located at the uppermost part, liquefied water can flow smoothly without stagnation. The outflowing air flows into the air-side humidifier 26. The air-side humidifier 26 gives water vapor and heat to the low-temperature, low-humidity air supplied from the air supply device 25. Condensed water is generated by the temperature decrease at this time. The air containing the condensed water flows out smoothly to the air-side water collector 27 located below by gravity. The air-side water collector 27 is cooled by external air and condenses water vapor.

【００１５】以上のように、本実施の形態の効果とし
て、凝縮して生じる水滴を重力を利用してスムーズに流
下することができることから、空気流路の圧力変動が抑
えられる。これにより、空気の流れが安定し、電池内部
の反応が一定状態で進み、高い効率が得られる。As described above, as an effect of the present embodiment, since water droplets generated by condensation can flow down smoothly using gravity, pressure fluctuations in the air flow path can be suppressed. Thereby, the flow of air is stabilized, the reaction inside the battery proceeds in a constant state, and high efficiency is obtained.

【００１６】（第２の実施の形態）次に、本発明の第２
の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。(Second Embodiment) Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
An embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

【００１７】図２は、本発明の第２の実施の形態におけ
る固体高分子型燃料電池システムを示す構成図である。
水素を含む燃料ガスと空気を用いて発電を行う燃料電池
４１には、水素生成装置４２から、天然ガスなどの原料
が水蒸気改質された水素リッチなガスが供給される。水
素生成装置４２には、改質反応に必要な温度まで昇温さ
せるバーナー４３が設置されている。水素生成装置４２
の出口には、燃料電池４１に供給する燃料ガスを加湿す
る燃料側加湿器４４が設置されている。また、酸化剤と
しての空気は、空気供給装置４５から供給され、空気側
加湿器４６により加湿される。燃料側加湿器４４および
空気側加湿器４６は、燃料電池４１の高分子膜の特性を
保つためのものである。空気側加湿器４６は、燃料電池
４１から排出される空気から水蒸気を回収する湿度交換
型熱交換器で構成されている。燃料電池４１から排出さ
れ空気側加湿器４６で湿度を下げた空気は、空気側水回
収器４７で外気により冷却され、さらに除湿される。ま
た、燃料電池４１から排出された燃料ガスは、燃料側水
回収器４８で外気により冷却され、凝縮水を生じる。双
方から得られた凝縮水は水タンク４９に蓄えられる。回
収された水は、燃料側水ポンプ５０により水素生成装置
４２および燃料側加湿器４４に送られ、燃料改質および
燃料側加湿に利用される。燃料電池４１では電気ととも
に熱が生じるために、冷却水を送る冷却用ポンプ５１
と、発生した熱を外部へ放出する冷却用放熱器５２を備
えている。FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
A hydrogen generator 42 supplies a hydrogen-rich gas obtained by steam reforming a raw material such as natural gas to a fuel cell 41 that generates power using a fuel gas containing hydrogen and air. The hydrogen generator 42 is provided with a burner 43 for raising the temperature to a temperature required for the reforming reaction. Hydrogen generator 42
A fuel humidifier 44 for humidifying the fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell 41 is installed at the outlet of the fuel cell 41. The air as the oxidizing agent is supplied from the air supply device 45 and humidified by the air humidifier 46. The fuel-side humidifier 44 and the air-side humidifier 46 are for maintaining the characteristics of the polymer membrane of the fuel cell 41. The air humidifier 46 is configured by a humidity exchange type heat exchanger that recovers water vapor from the air discharged from the fuel cell 41. The air discharged from the fuel cell 41 and reduced in humidity by the air-side humidifier 46 is cooled by the outside air in the air-side water collector 47 and further dehumidified. Further, the fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 41 is cooled by the outside air in the fuel-side water collector 48 to generate condensed water. Condensed water obtained from both sides is stored in a water tank 49. The collected water is sent to the hydrogen generator 42 and the fuel-side humidifier 44 by the fuel-side water pump 50, and is used for fuel reforming and fuel-side humidification. Since the fuel cell 41 generates heat together with electricity, a cooling pump 51 for sending cooling water
And a cooling radiator 52 for releasing generated heat to the outside.

【００１８】水素生成装置４２内では、天然ガスから水
素リッチなガスを生成する改質反応を促進するために、
温度が７００℃程度になるようにバーナー４３で加熱す
る。この改質反応には水蒸気が必要となるため、燃料側
水ポンプ５０より水が供給されている。水素生成装置４
２を出た燃料ガスは、燃料側加湿器４４で加湿され、燃
料電池４１に送り込まれる。燃料電池４１より排出され
る発電に用いられなかった燃料ガスは、バーナー４３に
送られ燃焼に利用される。このとき、燃料ガスは加湿時
の水蒸気や、水素の消耗によって生じる水分を含んでい
るが、燃料側水回収器４８を経由することにより、水蒸
気量を減らしてバーナー４３に入る。In the hydrogen generator 42, in order to promote a reforming reaction for generating a hydrogen-rich gas from natural gas,
The heating is performed by the burner 43 so that the temperature becomes about 700 ° C. Since the reforming reaction requires steam, water is supplied from the fuel-side water pump 50. Hydrogen generator 4
The fuel gas exiting 2 is humidified by the fuel humidifier 44 and sent to the fuel cell 41. Fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell 41 and not used for power generation is sent to the burner 43 and used for combustion. At this time, the fuel gas contains water vapor during humidification and water generated by depletion of hydrogen. However, the fuel gas passes through the fuel-side water recovery unit 48 and enters the burner 43 with a reduced amount of water vapor.

【００１９】次に、このような本実施の形態に関する動
作を説明する。Next, the operation of the embodiment will be described.

【００２０】起動時は改質に必要な温度に達しないため
に、充分に水素に変換することができない。このとき一
酸化炭素を多く含むため、そのまま燃料電池４１にガス
を流すと燃料電池４１の触媒が被毒し、特性を大きく低
下させる。したがって、改質ガスを直接燃料側水回収器
４７に運ぶように、切り替え弁５３を切り替える。これ
により、一酸化炭素による被毒が回避できる。また、切
り替えられた改質ガスは、燃料側水回収器４８により、
大量に含んだ水分を分離するため、バーナー４３でスム
ーズに燃焼させることができる。したがって、改質ガス
のエネルギーを有効利用でき、効率よく短時間で起動さ
せることができる。At the time of startup, the temperature required for reforming is not reached, so that it cannot be sufficiently converted to hydrogen. At this time, since a large amount of carbon monoxide is contained, if the gas is allowed to flow through the fuel cell 41 as it is, the catalyst of the fuel cell 41 is poisoned, and the characteristics are greatly reduced. Therefore, the switching valve 53 is switched so that the reformed gas is directly transferred to the fuel-side water recovery unit 47. Thereby, poisoning by carbon monoxide can be avoided. Further, the switched reformed gas is supplied to the fuel-side water recovery device 48.
Since the water contained in a large amount is separated, the burner 43 can smoothly burn the water. Therefore, the energy of the reformed gas can be effectively used, and the gas can be efficiently started in a short time.

【００２１】[0021]

【発明の効果】以上説明したところから明らかなよう
に、本発明は、高効率運転および短時間の起動を図るこ
とができる固体高分子型燃料電池システムを提供するこ
とができる。As is apparent from the above description, the present invention can provide a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system capable of achieving high-efficiency operation and short-time startup.

【００２２】すなわち、空気流路内に生じる凝縮水を重
力を利用してスムーズに排出させることにより、空気流
路の圧力変動が抑えられ、電池内部の反応が一定状態で
進み、高い効率が得られる。That is, by smoothly discharging the condensed water generated in the air flow path by using gravity, pressure fluctuation in the air flow path is suppressed, the reaction inside the battery proceeds in a constant state, and high efficiency is obtained. Can be

【００２３】また、起動時の改質ガスの水蒸気を除湿し
た後に燃焼させることから、改質ガスのエネルギーを有
効利用でき、効率よく短時間で起動させることができ
る。Further, since the reformed gas is burned after dehumidifying the water vapor of the reformed gas at the time of starting, the energy of the reformed gas can be effectively used, and the starting can be started efficiently and in a short time.

【００２４】このように本発明によれば、高効率な運転
が可能となるものである。As described above, according to the present invention, highly efficient operation can be performed.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図１】本発明の第１の実施の形態における固体高分子
型燃料電池システムを示す構成図である。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

【図２】本発明の第２の実施の形態における固体高分子
型燃料電池システムを示す構成図である。FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

【図３】従来の固体高分子型燃料電池システムを示す構
成図である。FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell system.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１、２１，４１ 燃料電池 ２、２２，４２ 水素生成装置 ３、２３，４３ バーナー ４、２４，４４ 燃料側加湿器 ５、２５，４５ 空気供給装置 ６，２６，４６ 空気側加湿器 ７、２７，４７ 空気側水回収器 ８，２８，４９ 水タンク ４８ 燃料側水回収器 1, 21, 41 Fuel cell 2, 22, 42 Hydrogen generator 3, 23, 43 Burner 4, 24, 44 Fuel side humidifier 5, 25, 45 Air supply unit 6, 26, 46 Air side humidifier 7, 27 , 47 Air side water recovery unit 8, 28, 49 Water tank 48 Fuel side water recovery unit

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 中村 彰成 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 5H026 AA06 5H027 AA06 BA01 BA09 CC06 MM09 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Akinari Nakamura 1006 Kazuma Kadoma, Kadoma-shi, Osaka Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 5H026 AA06 5H027 AA06 BA01 BA09 CC06 MM09

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 少なくとも、 水素を含む燃料ガスと空気を用いて発電を行う固体高分
子型の燃料電池と、 前記燃料電池への供給空気と前記燃料電池からの排出空
気との間の熱交換を行うとともに、前記供給空気の加湿
および前記排出空気の除湿を行う湿度交換型熱交換器
と、 前記湿度交換型熱交換器より排出される空気に含まれる
水蒸気を凝縮して回収する空気側水回収器とを備え、 前記燃料電池、湿度交換型熱交換器、空気側水回収器
は、鉛直方向に上から、前記燃料電池、湿度交換型熱交
換器、空気側水回収器の順に設置されていることを特徴
とする固体高分子型燃料電池システム。1. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell that generates power using at least a fuel gas containing hydrogen and air, and heat exchange between air supplied to the fuel cell and air discharged from the fuel cell. And a humidity exchange type heat exchanger for humidifying the supply air and dehumidifying the exhaust air; and an air-side water for condensing and recovering water vapor contained in air discharged from the humidity exchange type heat exchanger. A fuel cell, a humidity exchange type heat exchanger, and an air-side water recovery unit, and the fuel cell, the humidity exchange type heat exchanger, and the air-side water recovery unit are installed in this order from above in the vertical direction. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell system. 【請求項２】 少なくとも、 燃料ガスと空気を用いて発電を行う固体高分子型の燃料
電池と、 原料を水蒸気改質して水素リッチな改質ガスを生成する
水素生成装置と、 前記燃料電池より排出される燃料ガスに含まれる水蒸気
を凝縮して回収する燃料側水回収器と、 前記水素生成装置の出口と前記燃料側水回収器の入口を
結ぶバイパス管と、 起動時には、改質ガスを前記バイパス管へ導き、通常運
転時には改質ガスを前記燃料電池へ導く切り替え機構と
を、 備えたことを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池システ
ム。2. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell that generates power using at least a fuel gas and air; a hydrogen generator that generates a hydrogen-rich reformed gas by steam reforming a raw material; A fuel-side water collector for condensing and recovering steam contained in the fuel gas discharged from the fuel gas; a bypass pipe connecting an outlet of the hydrogen generator and an inlet of the fuel-side water collector; And a switching mechanism for guiding the reformed gas to the fuel cell during normal operation.
JP32714398A 1998-11-17 1998-11-17 Polymer electrolyte fuel cell system Expired - Lifetime JP3685936B2 (en)

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