JP2003106695A - Absorption type refrigerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve COP in an absorption type refrigerator. SOLUTION: This absorption type refrigerator is provided with a condenser C, an absorber A, an evaporator E, a plurality of regenerators Gn to G1 having different operation temperatures from a high temperature side to a low temperature side, and a plurality of solution heat exchangers Hn to Hn-1 corresponding to each regenerator Gn to G1 to introduce refrigerant vapor generated in the regenerators Gn, Gn-1 on the high temperature side into the regenerators Gn-1 , G1 on the low temperature side sequentially and utilize it as a heating source of each regenerator Gn-1 , G1 on the low temperature side. A flash space Fb for turning refrigerant drain Rd generated in the regenerators Gn-1 , G1 on the low temperature side into vapor again is provided in a drain passage for supplying the refrigerant drain Rd generated in the regenerators Gn-1 , G1 on the low temperature side into the condenser C to reduce a temperature of the supplied refrigerant drain Rd below a refrigerant saturation temperature of the condenser C by vaporization latent heat when flashing the refrigerant drain in the flash space Fb. As a result, COP of the whole system is improved, and performance of this absorption type refrigerator is further improved.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an absorption refrigeration system including a plurality of regenerators having different operating temperatures from a high temperature side to a low temperature side and a solution heat exchanger.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, an absorption refrigeration system has a condenser, an evaporator, an absorber, a regenerator, and a solution heat exchanger as constituent elements,
An absorption refrigeration cycle is configured by sequentially connecting these components through a solution pipe and a refrigerant pipe so that they can be circulated.

In such an absorption type refrigerating apparatus, the dilute solution produced in the absorber is heated and concentrated in the regenerator to be regenerated into an absorbing solution (concentrated solution), which is refluxed to the absorber. Refrigerant vapor generated by heating and condensing the dilute solution in the regenerator is condensed in the condenser to form a liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant is evaporated in the evaporator, the refrigerant vapor generated here, again, The concentrated solution is absorbed in the absorber to form a dilute solution. Then, by repeating this, a circulation cycle of the absorbing solution and the refrigerant is realized.

Then, the heat of vaporization of the refrigerant in the evaporator is used as a cold heat source for places such as cooling.

By the way, as one method for improving the energy saving performance of the absorption refrigeration system, for example, a plurality of regenerators having different operating temperatures are sequentially provided from a high temperature side to a low temperature side, and a high temperature side regenerator operating at a high temperature There is one in which the refrigerant vapor generated by the heating of (1) is sequentially introduced into a low temperature side regenerator that operates at a low temperature, and this is used as a heating source of the low temperature side regenerator.

According to such a constitution, the absorbing liquid (dilute solution) after completion of the absorbing action can be concentrated extremely efficiently by utilizing the temperature of the refrigerant vapor and dividing it into multiple stages.
The required heating amount in the regenerator can be effectively reduced, resulting in energy saving.

[0007]

In the case of the absorption refrigeration system as described above, the temperature of the refrigerant sent from the condenser to the evaporator should be as low as possible in order to improve the COP of the system. The temperature of the refrigerant is preferably at least equal to or lower than the saturation temperature of the condenser.

However, there is a problem that the temperature of the refrigerant drain after the heating of the regenerator that has entered the condenser is considerably higher than the refrigerant saturation temperature of the condenser.

Therefore, in the present invention, a flash space is provided in the refrigerant drain path to the condenser so that such a high-temperature refrigerant does not go from the condenser to the evaporator as it is, and the refrigerant drain is provided in the flash space. It is an object of the present invention to provide an absorption refrigeration system in which the temperature of the refrigerant can be lowered to the refrigerant saturation temperature of the condenser or lower by the latent heat of vaporization by flashing and re-vaporizing.

[0010]

In order to achieve the object, the present invention comprises the following problem solving means.

(1) The invention of claim 1 The absorption refrigerating apparatus of the present invention includes a condenser C, an absorber A and
And evaporator E, and the operating temperature differs from the high temperature side to the low temperature side.
Multiple regenerators Gn to G₁And each of these regenerators Gn
~ G₁Solution heat exchangers Hn to Hn corresponding to_-1When
And the high temperature side regenerators Gn, Gn_-1Cold generated in
Regenerator Gn for low temperature side_-1, G ₁Introduced to
Each low temperature side regenerator Gn_-1, G₁Used as a heating source for
In the absorption refrigeration system configured to
Bowl Gn_-1, G₁Refrigerant drain Rd generated in the above condenser
In the drain path supplied to C, the regenerator G on the low temperature side
n_-1, G ₁Refrigerant drain Rd generated at
A flash space Fb is provided, and in the flash space Fb
The latent heat of vaporization during the drain flash of the refrigerant
The temperature of the supplied refrigerant drain Rd is set to the temperature of the condenser C
Characterized by lowering the temperature below the saturation temperature
There is.

As described above, the flash space Fb is provided in the refrigerant drain path entering the condenser C, and the flash space Fb is provided.
When the refrigerant drain Rd is sufficiently flushed in the inside to be re-vaporized, the temperature of the refrigerant drain Rd can be effectively lowered to the refrigerant saturation temperature of the condenser C or lower by the latent heat of vaporization, and Then, it becomes possible to supply to the condenser C.

As a result, the condenser C supplied to the evaporator E
The temperature of the liquid refrigerant Rc therein also becomes lower than the refrigerant saturation temperature of the condenser C, and it is possible to effectively improve the device COP.

(2) Invention of Claim 2 In the absorption refrigerating apparatus of the present invention, in the configuration of the invention of Claim 1, a flash chamber F of a predetermined volume is provided in the refrigerant drain inlet Ca portion of the condenser C. The flash space Fb provided is characterized by being formed in the flash chamber F.

With such a configuration, the flash space Fb in the flash chamber F effectively realizes the flash action of the refrigerant drain Rd.

(3) Invention of Claim 3 In the absorption type refrigerating apparatus of the present invention, in the constitution of the invention of Claim 1 or 2, the plurality of regenerators Gn _-1 are for high temperature, medium temperature and low temperature. It is characterized in that there are _three regenerators G ₃ , G ₂ , G ₁ for use.

Therefore, in such a structure, the absorbing liquid (diluted solution) La after the completion of the absorbing action can be concentrated with high thermal efficiency by dividing it into three stages of a high temperature stage, an intermediate temperature stage and a low temperature stage. Therefore, the required heating amount for the regenerator can be effectively reduced. Further, as a result, an effective energy saving effect can be obtained.

[0018]

As a result of the above, according to the absorption type refrigerating apparatus of the present invention, the regeneration efficiency of the regenerator is high, the energy saving performance and the CO
It is possible to provide a high-performance absorption refrigeration system having high P performance at low cost.

[0019]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, the structure of an absorption refrigerating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

The absorption refrigerating apparatus according to this embodiment is
For example, by using water as a refrigerant and lithium bromide (LiBr) as an absorption liquid, and further concentrating the absorption liquid (dilute solution) after the absorption action in multiple stages (for example, three stages), it is possible to An absorption type refrigeration system is configured so that the required heating amount can be effectively reduced, and in the following example, at least one condenser C and at least one absorber A,
To at least one evaporator E, three regenerators G ₃ , G ₂ and G ₁ having different operating temperatures of high temperature, medium temperature and low temperature are connected in stages to connect the refrigerant R and the absorbing liquid L. It constitutes a circulation cycle (absorption type refrigeration cycle).

Then, in that case, the condenser C is prevented so that particularly high temperature refrigerant does not go to the evaporator E as it is.
A flush space is provided in the entering refrigerant drain path to sufficiently flush the refrigerant drain in front of the condenser C, reduce the temperature to below the condenser refrigerant saturation temperature, and revaporize the vapor and the remaining refrigerant drain. It is supplied to the condenser C.

First, the basic structure and operation of the absorption refrigerating apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. The evaporator E has, in a container Et, a heat exchange part Ec for passing a liquid to be cooled (utilized water) We and a refrigerant sprayer Es for spraying a refrigerant (water) Re on the heat exchange part Ec. Then, the liquid to be cooled (use water) We flowing from the liquid to be cooled Ue and passing through the heat exchange section Ec in the evaporator E is cooled. In addition, the refrigerant Re in the bottom of the evaporator E is sequentially pumped up to the refrigerant distributor Es on the upper side by the refrigerant pump RP on the lower side through the refrigerant pipe 10 and sprayed on the heat exchange section Ec. To be done.

The absorber A has a function of absorbing the low temperature (temperature Ta) vaporized refrigerant (water vapor) Ra which is in communication with the evaporator E and flows from the evaporator E into the absorbent At. It is configured to include therein an absorbent spreader As for spraying the absorbent (concentrated solution) Lg and a heat exchange unit (cooling coil) Ac for removing the absorption heat generated in the absorber A. .

Cooling water Wa is supplied to the heat exchange section Ac from the cooling water pipe Ua to remove the absorbed heat generated in the absorber A. In addition, this cooling water Wa is the same heat exchange part A.
It is further supplied from c to the heat exchange section Cc on the side of the condenser C, which will be described later, and is also used for recovery of condensation heat.

On the other hand, it is used in this absorption refrigeration system.
The above-mentioned first to third three regenerators G ₃, G₂, G₁Is that
The diluted solution La containing the refrigerant after completion of the above-described absorption is increased in each case.
Concentrate by heating in three stages of warm, medium and low temperature
By sequentially increasing the concentration of the concentrated solution (concentration ξ₃<Ξ₂
<Ξ₁) And reduce the required heating amount in the regenerator as much as possible.
This is for the purpose of obtaining energy saving effect by
From the absorber A, the solution is diluted with the diluted solution pipe 1 as shown in the figure.
1 through the solution pump LP, first of the highest temperature side
First regenerator (high temperature regenerator) G₃Will be introduced to. In addition,
As will be described later, in the middle of the dilute solution pipe 11, the dilute solution pipe
The dilute solution in the liquid pipe 11 is gradually added from the low temperature side to the high temperature side.
First to third solution heat exchangers H for heating₁~ H₃Is provided
There is.

As an example, the first regenerator G ₃ employs a heating method based on a gas combustion system, and a predetermined heat exchanger (a furnace tube) in a container G ₃ t thereof has a predetermined heat exchanger. The heating means (for example, gas burner) B of the flame J
Thus, the diluted solution La produced in the absorber A is introduced into the outer periphery of the predetermined heat exchanger (furnace cylinder) in the container G ₃ t and is heated and concentrated. Then, as a result, the first concentration ξ ₃
(%) Of a concentrated solution L ₃ is generated and at the first temperature T ₃
(° C.) refrigerant vapor R ₃ is generated. The first on this warm side
The concentrated solution L ₃ having the first concentration ξ ₃ (%) generated in the regenerator G ₃ of the next step passes through the high temperature solution pipe 23 to the second regenerator (medium temperature regenerator) G ₂ of the next stage. be introduced.

This second regenerator G ₂ has a solution heater K ₂ (refrigerant vapor R at a first temperature T ₃ (° C.) generated by the first regenerator G ₃₎ in its container G ₂ t. ₃ is introduced through the first refrigerant vapor pipe (high-temperature vapor pipe) 33 as a heat source) and is introduced from the first regenerator G ₃ by the solution heater K ₂ . The solution having a concentration of ξ ₃ (%) is heated and concentrated as the second step. As a result, a concentrated solution L ₂ having a _second concentration ξ ₂ (%) higher than the first concentration ξ ₃ (%) is generated, and the concentration L ₂ is higher than the first temperature T ₃ (° C.). The refrigerant vapor R ₂ having a low second temperature T ₂ (° C.) is generated. The second concentration ξ produced by this second regenerator G _{2
The 2} (%) concentrated solution L ₂ is introduced into the third regenerator (low temperature regenerator) G ₁ at the final stage through the medium temperature solution pipe 22.

The third regenerator G ₁ is provided with a solution heater K ₁ (refrigerant vapor R ₂ of the _second temperature T ₂ generated by the _second regenerator G ₂ in the container G ₁ t). The second concentration ξ introduced from the second regenerator G ₂ by the same solution heater K ₂ The diluted solution of ₂ (%) is heated and concentrated as the third step (final step). And thereby the second
To generate a concentrated solution L ₁ of the concentration ξ ₂ (%) higher third concentration than ξ ₁ (%), to produce a refrigerant vapor R ₁ of the third temperature T ₁ (℃).

The concentrated solution L ₁ of the third regenerator G ₁ the second concentration xi] ₂ produced in (%) higher than the third concentration xi] ₁ (%) as the absorbing liquid Lg, cold It is again introduced into the upper part of the absorber A through the solution pipe 21 and is sprayed from the absorbent sprayer As.

In the absorber A, the low-temperature (temperature Ta ° C.) refrigerant vapor Ra introduced from the evaporator E is absorbed in the absorption liquid Lg having the highest concentration sprayed from the absorbent sprayer As. As a result, the absorbing liquid Lg becomes a dilute solution La containing the refrigerant again and is stored in the bottom portion of the container At of the absorber A. Then, in the absorber A, the absorbing liquid Lg
Absorbed heat is generated when the refrigerant vapor Ra is absorbed, this absorbed heat is cooled by heat exchange with the cooling water Wa supplied to the heat exchange section Ac as described above, and the heat is absorbed as necessary. Be collected outside. The cooling water Wa is also supplied to the condenser C after passing through the heat exchange section Ac of the absorber A as described above.

The condenser C cools and condenses the refrigerant vapor R ₁ introduced from the third regenerator G ₁ at the final stage through the third refrigerant vapor pipe 31 into the container Ct to cool and condense the liquid refrigerant Rc. In the container Ct, there is provided a condensing heat exchange section Cc for cooling and condensing the refrigerant vapor R ₁ . The condensing heat exchange section Cc is supplied with the cooling water having a predetermined temperature increased by passing through the absorber A through the cooling water pipe Uc. And, thereby to liquefy the refrigerant vapor R ₁ from the regenerator G ₁ of the third, and the liquid refrigerant Re. Further, the cooling water is heated by the heat of condensation generated at this time.

By the way, the refrigerant heater R ₃ introduced into the solution heater K ₂ of the _second regenerator G ₂ through the first refrigerant vapor pipe 33 and the solution heater K of the third regenerator G _1. Refrigerant vapor R introduced into ₁ through the second refrigerant vapor pipe 32
₂ is a refrigerant drain. Then, the second coolant drain Rd from the solution heater K ₂ regenerator G ₂ is, from a solution heater K ₁ in the final stage third regenerator G ₁ through the first drain pipe 34 After joining at the second drain pipe 40 portion, it is sent to the bottom of the container Ct of the condenser C described above.

In the case of the present embodiment, the drain inlet of the downstream condenser C of the second drain pipe 40 (container C
At a portion immediately before the drain introduction port Ca of t, a flash chamber F having a flash space Fb for flashing and re-vaporizing the combined and supplied refrigerant drain Rd is provided, and the refrigerant drain Rd is After being re-vaporized through the flash space Fb in the flash chamber F, it is supplied into the container Ct of the condenser C.

The flash chamber F has a flash space volume sufficient to obtain the above-mentioned flash effect (revaporization effect), while the opening Fa side of the container Ct of the condenser C is the same as the container Ct. The drain introduction port Ca provided at a position lower than the liquid level and the vapor introduction port Cb provided at a position higher than the liquid level are connected and integrated. The downstream end 40a of the drain pipe 40 is opened at the upstream side of the flash space Fb. As shown in FIG. 2, the downstream end 40a of the drain pipe 40 may be formed by simply opening the pipe end having the same diameter as it is, or by expanding the opening diameter of the end of the pipe in a funnel shape, the flash effect. May be improved as much as possible.

In the case of the absorption type refrigeration system of this embodiment, the condenser C is used to improve the COP of the system.
The temperature of the refrigerant Rc sent from the evaporator to the evaporator E should be as low as possible, and the temperature of the refrigerant Rc should be at least the condenser C.
It is desirable that the temperature is equal to or lower than the saturation temperature. However, the refrigerant drain R flowing into the condenser C after the heating of the regenerator is finished
The temperature of d is higher than the refrigerant saturation temperature of the condenser C.

Therefore, in order to prevent such high-temperature refrigerant from going to the evaporator E as it is, a flash chamber F having an effective flash space Fb is provided in the refrigerant drain path into the condenser C, and the inside of the flash chamber F is provided. In the flash space Fb, the refrigerant drain Rd is sufficiently flushed to be re-vaporized, so that the refrigerant temperature is efficiently lowered to the condenser refrigerant saturation temperature or lower by the latent heat of vaporization, and the remaining refrigerant drain is drained. Via the inlet Ca, and vaporized refrigerant vapor through the vapor inlet Cb,
Each is divided and supplied into the condenser C.

As a result, the condenser C supplied to the evaporator E
The temperature of the liquid refrigerant Rc therein becomes equal to or lower than the saturation temperature of the refrigerant, and the device COP can be effectively improved.

The liquid refrigerant Rc having a temperature equal to or lower than the saturation temperature generated in the condenser C in this manner is supplied to the bottom of the evaporator E via the liquid refrigerant pipe 41.

In addition, in the middle of the dilute solution pipe 11 from the absorber A to the first regenerator G ₃ , the first to third three pipes are provided.
The solution heat exchangers H ₁ , H ₂ and H _{3 of the} table are provided. These solution heat exchangers H ₁ , H ₂ and H ₃ respectively have the above-mentioned third
From the low temperature side, the low temperature solution L ₁ , the medium temperature solution L ₂ and the high temperature solution L ₃ generated in the first regenerators G ₁ , G ₂ and G ₃ and the low temperature absorption liquid La from the absorber A are In order to exchange heat to the high temperature side in three stages as effectively as possible, the first solution heat exchanger (low temperature solution heat exchanger) H ₁ on the lowest temperature side is connected to the first solution heat exchanger 21 via the low temperature solution pipe 21. 3 regenerator (low temperature regenerator)
Introduces cold solution L ₁ from G _1, while the second solution heat exchanger of the intermediate (medium-temperature solution heat exchanger) is in H ₂ via a medium-temperature solution pipe 22 the second regenerator (medium temperature regenerator ) The medium temperature solution from G ₂ is introduced, and the high temperature solution pipe 2 is connected to the _third solution heat exchanger (high temperature solution heat exchanger) H ₃ on the highest temperature side.
3 through the first regenerator hot solution L ₃ from (the high temperature generator) G ₃ is introduced. Then, as a result, the low temperature absorption liquid La from the absorber A is heated as effectively as possible, and the cycle efficiency is improved.

The absorption refrigeration cycle shown in FIG. 1 described above is generally called a series flow, but in applying and implementing the invention of the present application, it is by no means limited to the cycle. Of course, even if it is carried out using other various absorption refrigeration cycles, the same effects as those described above can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow sheet diagram showing a configuration of an absorption refrigeration system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a flash chamber portion of a refrigerant drain provided from the regenerator-side drain pipe of the apparatus to the condenser.

[Explanation of symbols]

21 is a low temperature solution pipe, 22 is a medium temperature solution pipe, 23 is a high temperature solution pipe, 31 is a third refrigerant vapor pipe, 32 is a second refrigerant vapor pipe, 33 is a first refrigerant vapor pipe, and 34 is a first refrigerant vapor pipe. Drain pipe, 40 is a second drain pipe, 40a is a downstream end of the second drain pipe 40, 41 is a liquid refrigerant pipe, A is an absorber, C is a condenser, E is an evaporator, and F is a flash chamber. , Fb is a flash space, G ₁ is a third regenerator (low temperature regenerator), G ₂ is a second regenerator (medium temperature regenerator),
G ₃ is the first regenerator (high temperature regenerator), H _{1 to} H ₃ are the first to the first
It is a third solution heat exchanger.

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Tatsumi Takase             1304 Kanaoka-cho, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture Daikin Industries             Sakai Plant Kanaoka Factory (72) Inventor Kenji Yasuda             1304 Kanaoka-cho, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture Daikin Industries             Sakai Plant Kanaoka Factory F term (reference) 3L093 AA01 BB00 BB11 BB16 MM02                       MM03

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. Condenser (C), absorber (A) and evaporation
The operating temperature from the high temperature side to the low temperature side, respectively.
Multiple regenerators (Gn-G₁) And each of these regenerators
(Gn ~ G₁) Solution heat exchangers (Hn
~ Hn_-1) And the high temperature side regenerator (Gn, Gn
_-1) In the regenerator (G
n_-1, G₁), Each low temperature side regenerator (G
n_-1, G₁) Absorption formula designed to be used as a heat source
In the refrigeration system, the low temperature side regenerator (Gn _-1, G₁)
Refrigerant drain (Rd) generated in the above is supplied to the condenser (C).
The low temperature side regenerator (Gn_-1, G
₁) To re-vaporize the refrigerant drain (Rd) generated in
Rush space (Fb) is provided, and the flash space (F
b) due to the latent heat of vaporization during the drain flash of the refrigerant
The temperature of the supplied refrigerant drain (Rd) is
The temperature was lowered below the saturation temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser (C).
An absorption type refrigeration system characterized by the above. 2. The refrigerant drain inlet (C) of the condenser (C)
The absorption refrigerating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a flash chamber (F) having a predetermined volume is provided in the portion (a), and the flash space (Fb) is formed in the flash chamber (F). . 3. A plurality of regenerators (Gn to Gn ₋₁ ) are three regenerators for high temperature, medium temperature, and low temperature (G ₃ , G ₂ ,
G ₁ ) The absorption type refrigerating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein