JP2003080438A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool of small width dimension of a machine preventing cutting chips or cutting chip fluid from being scattered in a wide range. SOLUTION: A splash guard 101 is arranged so as to ensure a work region of necessary minimum limit at machining of a workpiece, shape of partly the splash guard 101 is changed so as to retreat from a turning range of a pallet replacement arm 29 when a pallet P is replaced between a table 21 and a pallet loading station 39 by the pallet replacement arm 29.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine tool such as a machining center for machining a work by relatively moving a tool and the work.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a machine tool such as a machining center, there is a horizontal machining center disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-328968. In this machining center, the column moves in the X-axis direction in the bed rear part, the spindle head that rotatably supports the main spindle moves in the Y-axis direction in the front face of the column, and the table on which the pallet for mounting the work is mounted is in the bed front part. It moves in the Z-axis direction.

Generally, machine tools such as machining centers are
The pallet exchanging device for exchanging a pallet mounted on a table and having a processed work mounted thereon and a pallet mounted on a pallet loading station and having a set-up work mounted thereon is provided. As a pallet exchanging device attached to the above-mentioned machine tool, an actual Kaihei 2-53
There is a pallet changing device for machine tools disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 335. In this device, a frame structure including a beam is provided on an upper part of a pallet exchanging arm, and an arm shaft fixed to the pallet exchanging arm is provided on a beam of the frame structure with actuators for vertical movement and rotation.

[0004]

The pallet exchanging device described above is installed in front of a machine tool such as a machining center and exchangs pallets between the machining area defined by the splash guard and the external area. One of the pallet exchanging arms is placed in the processing area. for that reason,
On the side of the pallet changing arm in the processing area,
An oil pan is provided to receive the chips and cutting fluid generated and scattered by the processing of the workpiece. Since the oil pan is usually below the pallet changing arm so as not to hinder the rotation of the pallet changing arm, the inclination angle of the oil pan must be gentle. Therefore, the chips generated by the processing easily accumulate on the oil pan.

If the inclination angle of the oil pan is made steep so that the chips generated by the processing are less likely to be accumulated, it interferes with the pallet exchange arm that pivots during pallet exchange. In that case, interference with the oil pan can be avoided by increasing the lift amount of the pallet exchanging arm when the pallet exchanging arm is rotated, but there is a problem that the time required for pallet exchanging becomes long.

Further, as described above, since chips and machining liquid generated during machining are scattered in the machining area defined by the splash guard, a ceiling shower or the like is provided in the splash guard so that the splash guard is provided in the splash guard. Coolant is regularly sprayed and washed. It is desirable to reduce the volume of the processing area defined by the splash guard in order to reduce the volume of the ceiling shower.

In order to reduce the processing area, it is necessary to install the splash guard inside the machine as much as possible, but if this is done, the splash guard will enter the turning range of the pallet exchanging arm during pallet exchanging, and the pallet exchanging arm And the splash guard interfere with each other. On the contrary, if the splash guard is arranged outside so as to secure the swing range of the pallet changing arm, there is another problem that the width dimension of the machine becomes large.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a machine tool having a small machine width dimension without scattering chips and cutting fluid in a wide range. There is.

[0009]

In view of the above-mentioned object, the present invention secures a minimum necessary processing area when a work is machined, and exchanges a pallet between a table and a pallet loading station by a pallet exchange arm. At times, a part of the splash guard covering the work area of the work is retracted to secure the swing range of the pallet exchange arm.

According to the present invention, in the machine tool for machining the work by relatively moving the tool and the work, a spindle for mounting the tool, a table for mounting the pallet on which the work is mounted, and the pallet. And a pallet exchanging device for exchanging the pallet between the table and the pallet loading station by vertically moving up and down and turning around a vertical axis. And a splash guard that covers a processing area around the table, secures a swing range of the pallet exchanging arm when exchanging the pallet by the pallet exchanging arm, and retracts a part so as not to interfere with the pallet exchanging device. Machine tools are provided.

The splash guard is an outer cover that covers the outside of the machine tool, an inner cover that defines the machining area, and a swing cover that closes and retracts between the outer cover and the inner cover. And an actuator for retracting the swing cover.
The splash guard may include an outer cover that covers the outside of the machine tool, an inner cover that defines the machining area, an inner swing cover that is swingably connected to the inner cover, and the inner cover. A slide cover slidably provided to the swing cover, an outer swing cover swingably connected to the slide cover and the outer cover, the inner swing cover, and the slide cover. , And an actuator for moving the outer swing cover in conjunction with each other.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, referring to FIG. 3, a machine tool 11 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a bed 13 fixed to a floor surface of a factory or the like. Bed 13
Two X-axis guide rails 15 extend parallel to the horizontal X-axis direction, which is a horizontal left-right direction, and a column 17 is provided along the X-axis guide rails 15 so as to be capable of reciprocating. There is. In front of the column 17, two Z-axis guide rails 19 extend in parallel in the Z-axis direction which is a horizontal direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction, and a table 21 is provided along the Z-axis guide rails 19. It is provided so that it can move back and forth. Further, on the front surface of the column 17, two Y-axis guide rails 23 extend in parallel in a Y-axis direction which is a direction perpendicular to the X and Z axes, and the Y-axis guide rails 23 extend along the Y-axis guide rails 23. A head 25 is provided so as to be capable of reciprocating. The spindle head 25 rotatably supports a spindle 27 extending in the Z-axis direction. A tool (not shown) such as a drill or an end mill is attached to the tip of the main shaft 27, and the work is machined into a desired shape by moving the tool and the work relative to each other in the X, Y, and Z axis directions. .

The machine tool 11 includes a splash guard 10
The front area of the spindle head 25 is covered with 1, and the machining area is defined by the splash guard 101. In addition, the splash guard 101 also includes the outer cover 1
Covered by 05. At the entrance of the splash guard 101, a pair of pallet exchanging arms 29 arranged back to back, a vertically rotating swivel shaft 31, and a swivel panel 3 partitioning the entrance of the splash guard 101.
A pallet exchanging device 35 having the number 3 is provided.
The front part of the swivel panel 33 is a pallet loading station 39. At the pallet loading station 39, a pallet P on which a processed work (not shown) is placed and fixed is removed from the pallet exchanging arm 29 or set up. The pallet P with the unprocessed work (not shown) is attached to the pallet exchange arm 29.
Setup such as mounting on the. Further, on both sides and the lower side of the pallet changing arm 29 in the processing area, an oil pan 37 inclined downward toward the center of the processing area.
Are extended in the Z-axis direction. A ceiling shower (not shown) is provided in the splash guard 101.

The splash guard 101 is swingable via an inner cover 103 arranged on the Y and Z planes outside the Z-axis guide rail 19 and a hinge 113 that rotates around a vertical axis at the tip of the inner cover 103. Mounted on the inner swing cover 107, a slide cover 109 that slides horizontally along the outer surface of the inner swing cover 107 at the tip of the inner swing cover 107, and a vertical axis line at the tip of the slide cover 109. An outer swing cover 111 is swingably attached via a hinge 115 that rotates around. Outer swing cover 111
The other side of the hinge 115 is swingably connected to the outer cover 105 by a hinge 117. The outer swing cover 111 is also generally flush with the swivel panel 33 of the pallet changer 39 when in the closed position shown in FIG.
Abutting so as to seal against. An air cylinder 119 as a linear actuator is attached between the outer swing cover 111 and the outer cover 105.

The operation of this embodiment will be described below. When the machine tool 11 is processing, the splash guard 101 is shown in FIG.
It is in the closed position as shown in, which isolates the machining area from the outside,
The scattering of chips and cutting fluid generated by the processing of the work is prevented, and the chips and cutting fluid colliding with the splash guard 101 fall into an oil pan 37 provided below the splash guard 101. The chips that have fallen into the oil pan 37 are discharged from the machining area by a separately provided chip recovery device and cutting fluid recovery device. When the machining of the work is completed, the NC device of the machine tool 11 issues a pallet replacement command.

When a pallet exchange command is issued, the pallet exchange arm 29, the pivot shaft 31, and the pivot panel 33 start to move upward together. Simultaneously with or before or after this, the air cylinder 119 contracts, and the outer swing cover 111 swings inward around the hinge 117. In conjunction with this, the slide cover 109 swings relatively to the outer swing cover 111 and slides along the outer surface of the inner swing cover 107. The slide cover 109 and the inner swing cover 107 can slide relative to each other, but cannot separate from each other. Therefore, when the slide cover 109 starts to swing, the inner swing cover 107 also swings so as to open outward with respect to the inner cover 103 about the hinge 113 in conjunction therewith, and finally the splash guard 101. Takes the open position shown in FIG. This makes the splash guard 1
01 is retracted from the turning range of the pallet exchanging arm 29 indicated by the circle A in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the interference between the pallet exchanging arm 29 and the splash guard 101 is prevented.

According to the present embodiment, the splash guard 101 is narrowed so as to enter the turning range A of the pallet changing arm 29 while the machine tool 11 is working, and when the pallet is changed, the splash guard 101 moves from the turning range A to the turning range A. Since the oil pan 37 is formed so as to be retracted, the width of the oil pan 37 can be reduced, and the processing area can be reduced.

In the above-described embodiment, when machining the workpiece,
That is, when the splash guard 101 is closed, the hinge 115 that swingably connects the slide cover 109 and the outer swing cover 111 is brought into contact with the side portion of the swivel panel 33. The hinge 117 connecting the outer swing cover 111 to the outer cover 105 in a swingable manner is located at the rear of the machine, and when the splash guard 101 is closed, the slide cover 109 and the outer swing cover 11 are closed.
The swinging panel 3 includes a hinge 115 that swingably connects the
It can also be configured so as not to abut against the side portion of 3. At this time, if a plate member that blocks both sides of the swivel panel 33 is provided, the plate member is configured to be slidable in the horizontal direction, and the swivel panel 33 is retracted to the outside when swiveling, the swivel operation of the swivel panel 33 is performed. Does not interfere.

In the above embodiment, the outer cover 105, the inner cover 103, the inner swing cover 107 that is swingably connected to the inner cover 103 via the hinge 113, and the inner swing cover. A slide cover 109 slidably provided with respect to 107, and a hinge 115 with respect to the slide cover 109 and the outer cover 105.
And an outer swing cover 111 that is swingably connected via a hinge 117, an inner swing cover 107, a slide cover 109, and an air cylinder 119 as an actuator that moves the outer swing cover 111 in conjunction with each other. Then, the splash guard 101 is configured. Without adopting such a configuration, the outer cover 105 and the inner cover 10
It is also possible to provide an oscillating cover made of an elastic member such as rubber or bellows or a flexible member that closes the gap between the undulations and the elastic member. In this case, the outer cover 10 is pressed by pushing or retracting the swing cover with an air cylinder as an actuator.
While the space between the inner cover 103 and the inner cover 103 is closed, a minimum necessary processing area is secured during processing of the work, and when the pallet P is exchanged between the table 21 and the pallet loading station 39 by the pallet exchange arm 29, The swing range of the pallet exchange arm 29 can be secured.

[0020]

As described above, according to the present invention, since the shape of a part of the splash guard that covers the work area can be changed, the minimum necessary work area can be secured when the work is machined. Does not scatter chips or cutting fluid over a wide area. Therefore, it is possible to realize a machine with a high efficiency of collecting chips and cutting fluid. When exchanging pallets, the swing range of the pallet exchanging arm is ensured.
The width of the machine can be reduced and a compact machine can be realized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing an arrangement of a pallet changing arm and a splash guard at the time of machining a work of the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing the arrangement of a pallet changing arm and a splash guard when changing the pallet of the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 ... Machine tools 21 ... table 29 ... Pallet exchange arm 35 ... Pallet exchange device 37 ... Oil pan 39 ... Pallet loading station 101 ... Splash Guard 103 ... inner cover 105 ... Outer cover 107 ... Inner swing cover 109 ... slide cover 111 ... Outer swing cover 113 ... Hinge 115 ... Hinge 117 ... Hinge 119 ... Air cylinder P ... pallet

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A machine tool for processing a workpiece by moving a tool and a workpiece relative to each other, a spindle for mounting the tool, a table for mounting a pallet to which the workpiece is mounted, and the workpiece to the pallet. A pallet loading station for setting up the pallet; a pallet exchanging device having a pallet exchanging arm for vertically elevating and swiveling about a vertical axis to exchange the pallet between the table and the pallet loading station; A splash guard that covers a processing area around the pallet exchanging arm, secures a swing range of the pallet exchanging arm when exchanging the pallet by the pallet exchanging arm, and retracts a part so as not to interfere with the pallet exchanging device. A characteristic machine tool. 2. The splash guard closes and retreats between an outer cover that covers the outside of the machine tool, an inner cover that defines the machining area, and a gap between the outer cover and the inner cover. The machine tool according to claim 1, further comprising a dynamic cover and an actuator that retracts the swing cover. 3. The splash guard includes an outer cover that covers the outside of the machine tool, an inner cover that defines the machining area, and an inner swing cover that is swingably connected to the inner cover. A slide cover slidably provided with respect to the inner swing cover, an outer swing cover swingably connected to the slide cover and the outer cover, and the inner swing cover, The machine tool according to claim 1, further comprising: an actuator that moves the slide cover and the outer swing cover in conjunction with each other.