JP3992468B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a machine tool such as a machining center for machining a workpiece by relatively moving a tool and a workpiece.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a machine tool such as a machining center, there is a horizontal machining center disclosed in JP-A-10-328968. In this machining center, the column moves in the X-axis direction at the bed rear part, the spindle head that rotatably supports the spindle moves in the Y-axis direction at the front of the column, and the table mounted with the pallet on which the workpiece is placed is located at the bed front part. It moves in the Z-axis direction.
[0003]
In general, a machine tool such as a machining center has a pallet exchanging device for exchanging a pallet mounted on a table and mounting a processed workpiece and a pallet mounted on a pallet loading station and mounting a set workpiece. It has. As a pallet exchanging device attached to the above-mentioned machine tool, there is a pallet exchanging device for a machine tool disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-53335. In this apparatus, a frame structure including a beam is provided on an upper part of a pallet exchange arm, and an arm shaft fixed to the pallet exchange arm is provided with an actuator for vertical movement and turning on a beam of the frame structure.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The pallet exchanging device described above is installed in front of a machine tool such as a machining center and exchanges the pallet between the machining area defined by the splash guard and the external area, so one of the pair of pallet exchanging arms is the machining area. Placed inside. Therefore, an oil pan that receives chips and cutting fluid generated and scattered by machining the workpiece is provided on the side of the pallet exchange arm in the machining area. Normally, the oil pan is located below the pallet exchange arm so as not to prevent the pallet exchange arm from turning, so the inclination angle of the oil pan must be gradual. Therefore, chips generated by processing are likely to accumulate on the oil pan.
[0005]
If the inclination angle of the oil pan is made steep so that chips generated by processing are difficult to accumulate, it will interfere with the pallet exchanging arm that rotates when the pallet is exchanged. In that case, interference with the oil pan can be avoided by increasing the amount of pallet exchange arm ascending when the pallet exchange arm is turned, but there is a problem that the time required for pallet exchange becomes longer.
[0006]
In addition, as described above, chips and machining fluid generated during machining are scattered in the machining area defined by the splash guard, so a ceiling shower etc. is provided in the splash guard, and coolant is regularly placed in the splash guard. Sprayed and washed. In order to reduce the capacity of the ceiling shower, it is desired to reduce the volume of the processing area defined by the splash guard.
[0007]
In order to reduce the machining area, it is necessary to install the splash guard inside the machine as much as possible. However, if this is done, the splash guard will enter the swivel range of the pallet exchange arm during pallet exchange, and the pallet exchange arm and splash guard There is a problem of interference. Conversely, if the splash guard is arranged outside so as to ensure the swivel range of the pallet exchange arm, there is another problem that the width dimension of the machine becomes large.
[0008]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a machine tool having a small machine width dimension without scattering chips and cutting fluid over a wide range.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above-mentioned object, the present invention secures a necessary minimum processing area when processing a workpiece, and a splash that covers the processing area of a workpiece when a pallet is exchanged between a table and a pallet loading station by a pallet replacement arm. A part of the guard is withdrawn so as to secure the turning range of the pallet exchange arm.
[0010]
According to the present invention, in a machine tool for processing the workpiece by relatively moving a tool and a workpiece, a spindle for mounting the tool, a table for mounting a pallet to which the workpiece is mounted, and the pallet A pallet loading station for setting up a workpiece and attaching / detaching the pallet, and a pallet having a pallet exchanging arm for moving up and down in the vertical direction and turning around a vertical axis to exchange the pallet between the table and the pallet loading station. An exchange device, an outer cover that covers the outside of the machine tool, an inner cover that defines a machining area, a swinging cover that can be closed and retracted between the outer cover and the inner cover, A splash guard having an actuator for operating the swing cover The splash guard during processing is advanced to the swing cover in the pivoting range of the pallet change arms, during pallet changing retreats the swing cover which was the approach from the pivot range of the pallet changing arm A machine tool configured as described above is provided.
[0011]
Before Symbol splash guard, an outer cover for covering the outside of the machine tool, and an inner cover that defines the working area, an inner swing cover which is swingably connected to said inner cover, said inner rocking A slide cover provided to be slidable with respect to the moving cover, an outer swinging cover that is swingably connected to the slide cover and the outer cover, the inner swing cover, the slide cover, The outer swing cover can be configured to have an actuator that moves in conjunction with the outer swing cover .
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, referring to FIG. 3, a machine tool 11 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a bed 13 fixed to a floor surface of a factory or the like. On the upper surface of the bed 13, two X-axis guide rails 15 are extended in parallel to the X-axis direction, which is a horizontal left-right direction, and a column 17 is provided along the X-axis guide rail 15 so as to be reciprocally movable. It has been. In front of the column 17, two Z-axis guide rails 19 extend in parallel in the Z-axis direction, which is a horizontal direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction, and a table 21 extends along the Z-axis guide rail 19. It is provided so that it can reciprocate. In addition, two Y-axis guide rails 23 extend in parallel with the Y-axis direction, which is a direction perpendicular to the X and Z axes, on the front surface of the column 17, and the main shaft extends along the Y-axis guide rail 23. A head 25 is provided to be able to reciprocate. The spindle head 25 rotatably supports a spindle 27 extending in the Z-axis direction. A tool (not shown) such as a drill or an end mill is attached to the tip of the main shaft 27, and the work is processed into a desired shape by moving the tool and the work relative to each other in the X, Y, and Z directions. .
[0013]
In the machine tool 11, the front area of the spindle head 25 is covered by the splash guard 101, and the machining area is defined by the splash guard 101. The splash guard 101 is also covered with an outer cover 105. At the entrance portion of the splash guard 101, there is a pallet exchange device 35 having a pair of pallet exchange arms 29 arranged back to back, a pivot shaft 31 erected in the vertical direction, and a swivel panel 33 that partitions the entrance portion of the splash guard 101. It is arranged. The front part of the swivel panel 33 is a pallet loading station 39, in which a processed workpiece (not shown) is placed and the fixed pallet P is removed from the pallet exchange arm 29 or set up. Setting up such as placing the pallet P with the unprocessed workpiece (not shown) on the pallet exchange arm 29 is performed. Further, oil pans 37 that are inclined downward toward the center of the processing area are extended in the Z-axis direction on both sides and the lower side of the pallet exchange arm 29 in the processing area. In addition, a ceiling shower (not shown) is disposed in the splash guard 101.
[0014]
The splash guard 101 is attached to the outside of the Z-axis guide rail 19 so as to be swingable via an inner cover 103 arranged in the Y and Z planes, and a hinge 113 that rotates about the vertical axis on the tip of the inner cover 103. The inner swing cover 107, the slide cover 109 that slides horizontally along the outer surface of the inner swing cover 107 at the tip of the inner swing cover 107, and the tip of the slide cover 109 rotate about the vertical axis. An outer swing cover 111 is mounted so as to be swingable through a moving hinge 115. The outer swing cover 111 is connected to the outer cover 105 so that the other side of the hinge 115 can swing by a hinge 117. The outer swing cover 111 is also disposed substantially flush with the swivel panel 33 of the pallet changer 39 when in the closed position shown in FIG. It touches so as to. An air cylinder 119 as a linear motion actuator is attached between the outer swing cover 111 and the outer cover 105.
[0015]
Hereinafter, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.
While the machine tool 11 is machining, the splash guard 101 is in the closed position shown in FIG. 2, isolates the machining area from the outside, prevents chips and cutting fluid from being scattered by machining the workpiece, and collides with the splash guard 101. The chips and cutting fluid that have fallen fall into the oil pan 37 provided below the splash guard 101. The chips falling on the oil pan 37 are discharged from the processing area by a chip recovery device and a cutting fluid recovery device that are separately provided. When the machining of the workpiece is completed, a pallet exchange command is issued from the NC device of the machine tool 11.
[0016]
When a pallet exchange command is issued, the pallet exchange arm 29, the turning shaft 31, and the turning panel 33 start to move together. At the same time or before and after this, the air cylinder 119 contracts, and the outer swing cover 111 swings inward about the hinge 117. In conjunction with this, the slide cover 109 swings relative to the outer swing cover 111 and slides along the outer surface of the inner swing cover 107. The slide cover 109 and the inner swing cover 107 can slide relative to each other, but cannot be separated from each other. Therefore, when the slide cover 109 starts to swing, the inner swing cover 107 also swings so as to open outward with respect to the inner cover 103 around the hinge 113, and finally the splash guard 101. Takes the open position shown in FIG. Thereby, the splash guard 101 is retracted from the turning range of the pallet exchange arm 29 indicated by a circle A in FIGS. 1 and 2, and interference between the pallet exchange arm 29 and the splash guard 101 is prevented.
[0017]
According to the present embodiment, the splash guard 101 is narrowed so as to enter the turning range A of the pallet changing arm 29 while the machine tool 11 is working, and is retracted from the turning range A when changing the pallet. Therefore, the width of the oil pan 37 can be reduced, and the processing area can be reduced.
[0018]
In the above-described embodiment, when the workpiece is processed, that is, when the splash guard 101 is closed, the hinge 115 that slidably connects the slide cover 109 and the outer swing cover 111 is brought into contact with the side portion of the revolving panel 33. I have to. The position of the hinge 117 that slidably connects the outer swing cover 111 to the outer cover 105 is positioned at the rear of the machine, and the slide cover 109 and the outer swing cover 111 can swing when the splash guard 101 is closed. It is also possible to configure so that the hinge 115 connected to the side of the revolving panel 33 is not brought into contact with the hinge 115. At this time, if a plate member that covers both sides of the swivel panel 33 is provided, the plate member is configured to be slidable in the horizontal direction, and retracted outward when the swivel panel 33 is swiveled, the swivel operation of the swivel panel 33 is performed. Will not interfere.
[0019]
In the above-described embodiment, the outer cover 105, the inner cover 103, the inner swing cover 107 that is swingably connected to the inner cover 103 via the hinge 113, and the inner swing cover 107. Slide cover 109 slidably provided, outer swing cover 111 slidably connected to slide cover 109 and outer cover 105 via hinge 115 and hinge 117, and inner swing cover The splash guard 101 is configured to include an air cylinder 119 as an actuator that moves the slide cover 109 and the outer swing cover 111 in conjunction with each other. Without adopting such a configuration, a swing cover made of an elastic member such as rubber or bellows or a flexible member that closes the space between the outer cover 105 and the inner cover 103 can be provided. In this case, by pressing or retracting the swinging cover with an air cylinder as an actuator, a minimum required processing area is secured when processing the workpiece while closing the space between the outer cover 105 and the inner cover 103, and the pallet When the pallet P is exchanged between the table 21 and the pallet loading station 39 by the exchange arm 29, the turning range of the pallet exchange arm 29 can be secured.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the workpiece is configured such that the shape of a part of the splash guard that covers the machining area can be changed. Therefore, when machining the workpiece, a necessary minimum machining area is secured, and chips and cutting fluid are secured. Is not scattered widely. Therefore, it is possible to realize a machine with a high recovery efficiency of chips and cutting fluid. At the time of pallet replacement, the swivel range of the pallet replacement arm is secured, so that the width of the machine can be reduced and a compact machine can be realized.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing an arrangement of a pallet exchange arm and a splash guard when machining a workpiece of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing an arrangement of a pallet exchanging arm and a splash guard when exchanging pallets of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Machine tool 21 ... Table 29 ... Pallet exchange arm 35 ... Pallet exchange device 37 ... Oil pan 39 ... Pallet loading station 101 ... Splash guard 103 ... Inner cover 105 ... Outer cover 107 ... Inner swing cover 109 ... Slide cover 111 ... Outer swing cover 113 ... Hinge 115 ... Hinge 117 ... Hinge 119 ... Air cylinder P ... Pallet

Claims (1)

In a machine tool that processes the workpiece by relatively moving the tool and the workpiece,
A spindle on which the tool is mounted;
A table for mounting a pallet to which the workpiece is attached;
A pallet loading station for setting up the workpiece on the pallet and attaching / detaching the pallet;
A pallet exchanging device having a pallet exchanging arm that moves up and down in the vertical direction and pivots around a vertical axis to exchange the pallet between the table and the pallet loading station;
An outer cover that covers the outside of the machine tool, an inner cover that defines a machining area, a swinging cover that can be closed and retracted between the outer cover and the inner cover, and the swing cover. A splash guard configured with an actuator to be operated,
The splash guard, as during processing said swing cover is advanced within the pivoting range of the pallet change arms, during pallet changing retreats the swing cover which was the approach from the pivot range of the pallet changing arm machine tool characterized in that it is configured.

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