JP7189260B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

The present invention comprises a bed, a table that reciprocates in a horizontal axial direction on the bed, two columns that are spaced apart in the moving direction of the table, and a table that is vertically movable between the two columns. The present invention relates to a machine tool having a saddle mounted thereon and a spindle head movably held by the saddle in the Z-axis direction so as to face a table.

In Patent Document 1, an X-axis guide that guides the movement of a table in the left-right direction on a bed and a hole that straddles the X-axis guide in the front-rear direction so that the table provided on the bed can enter in the left-right direction are provided. A machining center comprising a column, a saddle arranged to be movable in the longitudinal direction along a Y-axis guide provided on the column, and a spindle head arranged in the saddle and movable in the vertical direction is disclosed. .

International Publication No. 2017-056253

The machining center described in Patent Document 1 has an asymmetrical configuration of the machine. There is unevenness in thermal deformation, which is one of the causes of lowering the machining accuracy.

The technical problem of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, and to prevent the deterioration of machining accuracy due to the heat generated by the motor during operation of the machine tool and the thermal deformation of the machine caused by the temperature change around the machine tool. intended to be minimal.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a machine tool for machining a workpiece by relatively moving a spindle head and a workpiece, wherein a bed is installed on the floor; A first column forming a first hole, and a second column standing on the bed spaced apart from the first column in a first horizontal direction and forming a second hole together with the bed. a table on which the work is placed, which is mounted on the bed so as to be able to enter the first hole and the second hole and is movable in the first horizontal direction ; a saddle installed between the first column and the second column movably in a second horizontal direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction; and a spindle head attached to the saddle movably in the vertical direction. and the bed includes the second horizontally extending first wing portion, a second wing portion, and a body portion disposed between the first wing portion and the second wing portion. The first column is attached to the first wing portion, the second column is attached to the second wing portion, and the second column is attached to the second wing portion. A pair of guide rails extending in the first horizontal direction along the upper surface of the bed through one wing portion, the body portion, and the second wing portion, and extending parallel to each other while being spaced apart in the second horizontal direction. a stator disposed between the pair of guide rails; and a mover fixed to the table so as to face the stator. and a linear motor that reciprocates in the horizontal direction of
The stator of the linear motor is fixed to a base member that is fixed along the upper surface of the bed so as to be positionally adjustable, and the pair of guide rails are arranged on the first horizontally extending side of the base member. A machine tool is provided which is fixed to the upper surface of the bed so as to be abuttable on the edge .

According to the present invention, the structure of the machine tool can be made substantially symmetrical, and thermal displacement is well-balanced in the entire structure, so that it is possible to minimize the decrease in machining accuracy.

1 is a perspective view of a machine tool according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; FIG. 2 is a front view of the machine tool of FIG. 1; FIG. 2 is a plan view of the machine tool of FIG. 1; FIG. 2 is a plan view of the bed of the machine tool of FIG. 1; FIG. Figure 4B is a side view of the bed of Figure 4A; It is a side view which shows some beds with a table. FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view showing a portion indicated by VI in FIG. 2; Figure 2 is a perspective view of a machine tool similar to Figure 1 shown with the inner cover assembly in a first position; FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the machine tool with the inner cover assembly in the second position and the saddle in the retracted position; FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the machine tool with the inner cover assembly in the second position and the saddle positioned within the Y-axis coordinate range used for machining; 1 is a plan view of a machine tool shown with an inner cover and tool magazine; FIG. 11 is a front view of the machine tool of FIG. 10; FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the outer cover assembly with the sliding door of the front cover closed; 13 is a perspective view showing the inside of the front cover of the outer cover assembly of FIG. 12; FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the outer cover assembly with the front sliding door open; 15 is a perspective view showing the inside of the front cover of the outer cover assembly of FIG. 14; FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing how a workpiece is carried into the machine tool by a crane with the slide door of the front cover and the movable cover of the top cover opened. 1 is a perspective view showing a machining system in which a work exchange device is arranged between two machine tools; FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the processing system of FIG. 17; 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional processing system; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a processing system; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing still another example of a processing system;

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A machine tool 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a bed 102 as a base fixed to the floor of a factory, a first column 130 and a second column 140 mounted on the bed 102, the first column 130, a saddle 150 constructed between the second column 140, a spindle head 170 attached to the saddle 150, and the spindle head 170 on the bed 102 so as to face the spindle 172 rotatably supported. It has an attached table 180 as a main component. In this embodiment, when the machine tool 100 is viewed from the front (FIG. 2), the horizontal direction is the X-axis direction, the front-rear direction is the Y-axis direction, and the vertical direction is the Z-axis direction. .

As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the bed 102 includes a main body portion 104 and a first main body portion 104 coupled to one end (in the illustrated embodiment, the left end as seen from the front of the machine tool 100). and a second wing 108 coupled to the other end (in the illustrated embodiment, the right end as seen from the front of the machine tool 100). The first wing portion 106 and the second wing portion 108 are similarly formed to form a pair of left and right wing portions.

Thus, the bed 102 presents an H shape as a whole in plan view. That is, the bed 102 is formed symmetrically with respect to the central axis Ox in the X-axis direction and symmetrically with respect to the central axis Oy in the Y-axis direction. By making the bed 102 H-shaped, a front space SF is formed on the front side of the machine tool 100, and a rear space SR is formed on the rear side thereof. The front space SF can be used as an operator's work space. The rear space SR can be used as a space for arranging peripheral equipment of the machine tool 100 such as the tool magazine 250 .

Each of the first and second wing portions 106, 108 has a front upper surface 106a, 108a and a rear upper surface 106b, 108b. A pair of ridges 114 and 116 are formed on the upper surface of the bed 102 . The pair of ridges 114 and 116 penetrate the first wing 106, the main body 104 and the second wing 108 and extend in parallel along the central axis Ox in the X-axis direction. Ridges 114 and 116 are spaced apart from each other in the Y-axis direction, and a recess 118 extending in the X-axis direction is formed therebetween. A pair of X-axis guide rails 184 and 185 extending in the X-axis direction are fixed to the upper surfaces 114a and 116a of the ridges 114 and 116, respectively.

A first column (column on the left side when viewed from the front of the machine tool 100) 130 includes a front leg portion 130a, a rear leg portion 130b, and a beam extending between the front leg portion 130a and the rear leg portion 130b. It has a portion 130c and is generally formed in a C shape or a gate shape. In this embodiment, the first column 130 is secured to the bed 102 by securing the front leg 130a to the front upper surface 106a of the first wing 106 of the bed 102 and the rear leg 130b to the rear upper surface 106b. is fixed to Thus, the first wing portion 106 of the bed 102 and the first column 130 form a first hole portion 138 penetrating in the X-axis direction at the left end portion of the machine tool 100 .

Similarly, the second column (the column on the right side when viewed from the front of the machine tool 100) 140 is also provided with a front leg portion 140a, a rear leg portion 140b, and a bridge between the front leg portion 140a and the rear leg portion 140b. It has a beam portion 140c that extends downward, and is generally formed in a C shape or a portal shape. In this embodiment, the second column 140 is secured to the bed 102 by securing the front leg 140a to the front upper surface 108a of the second wing 108 of the bed 102 and the rear leg 140b to the rear upper surface 108b. is fixed to Thus, the second wing portion 108 of the bed 102 and the second column 140 form a second hole portion 148 penetrating in the X-axis direction at the right end portion of the machine tool 100 . By configuring the bed 102, the column 130, and the column 140 as described above, the structure of the machine tool can be configured to be substantially symmetrical in the front, rear, left, and right directions, resulting in well-balanced thermal displacement. It is possible to reduce the influence of thermal displacement on machining accuracy.

The first hole 138 and the second hole 148 have substantially the same shape. In addition, in the present embodiment, the direction passing through the first hole 138 and the second hole 148 is the X-axis direction.

A table 180 for fixing the work W is attached to the upper surface of the bed 102 . Blocks 182 and 183 that slide along the X-axis guide rails 184 and 185 are attached to the lower surface of the table 180 . Thus, the table 180 can reciprocate on the upper surface of the bed 102 in the X-axis direction. As shown, the table 180 is positioned in the first hole 138 and the second hole 148 by extending the X-axis guide rails 184, 185 into the first hole 138 and the second hole 148. As a result, the stroke of the table 180 in the X-axis direction can be increased. Further, by extending the X-axis guide rails 184 and 185 into the first hole portion 138 and the second hole portion 148, the degree of freedom in the configuration of the work exchange device or work transfer device described later increases.

The machine tool 100 includes an X-axis linear motor extending in the X-axis direction as an X-axis feeder that reciprocates the table 180 in the X-axis direction. The X-axis linear motor has a stator 188 fixed to the top surface of the bed 102 and extending in the X-axis direction, and a mover 190 attached to the bottom surface of the table 180 so as to face the stator 188 . Stator 188 is preferably secured on mounting base 186, which is secured to recess 118 using fasteners such as bolts (not shown). As a position detector for detecting the coordinate position of the table 180 in the X-axis direction, an X-axis digital scale (not shown) can be attached to the side of the bed 102 , for example, the ridges 114 and 116 .

Also, the positional relationship between the mover and the stator may be changed for the purpose of reducing the magnetic attraction force of the X-axis linear motor. For example, from the viewpoint of FIG. 5, at an intermediate position in the Y-axis direction between the ridges 114 and 116 on the upper surface of the bed 102, there is a groove having width in the Y-axis direction, depth in the Z-axis direction, and penetrating in the X-axis direction. A concave portion is provided. The recess has stators on its machine front side perpendicular to its Y-axis and its machine rear side perpendicular to its Y-axis respectively. On the other hand, the bottom surface of the table 180 is provided with a convex portion. The projection has movers on its machine front side perpendicular to its Y axis and on its machine rear side perpendicular to its Y axis, respectively. The projection has a width smaller than that of the recess with the stator and a depth that does not interfere with the bottom of the recess when the table 180 and the bed 102 are combined. In other words, in the concave portion provided on the bed 102 and provided with the stator, the convex portion provided on the table and provided with the mover is arranged with a predetermined gap in the width direction and the depth direction with respect to the concave portion. , can constitute an X-axis linear motor.

The X-axis feed device is not limited to a linear motor, but may be, for example, a ball screw (not shown) extending in the X-axis direction, a nut engaged with the ball screw and fixed to the bottom surface of the table 180, or a ball screw. It may consist of an X-axis servomotor (not shown) connected to one end.

A saddle 150 is attached to the top of the first column 130 and the top of the second column 140 so as to be reciprocatable in the horizontal direction (front-rear direction) perpendicular to the X-axis. In this embodiment, the top of the first column 130 has a notch 134 in the corner between the top surface 130 d of the first column 130 and the side of the first column 130 facing the second column 140 . A Y-axis guide rail 136 extending in the Y-axis direction is attached to the notch 134 . A block 154 that slides along the Y-axis guide rail 136 is attached to the lower surface of the saddle 150 .

Similarly, at the top of the second column 140, a notch 144 is formed in the corner between the top surface 140d of the second column 140 and the side surface of the second column 140 facing the first column 130. A Y-axis guide rail 146 extending in the Y-axis direction is attached to the notch 144 . A block 156 that slides along the Y-axis guide rail 146 is attached to the lower surface of the saddle 150 . The Y-axis guide rail 136 and the Y-axis guide rail 146 may be attached to the side surface of the first column 130 and the side surface of the second column 140, respectively.

Thus, the saddle 150 can reciprocate in the Y-axis direction at the tops of the first column 130 and the second column 140 . The machine tool 100 includes a pair of Y-axis linear motors extending in the Y-axis direction as a Y-axis feeder for reciprocating the saddle 150 in the Y-axis direction. A pair of Y-axis linear motors are provided with stators 132, 142 extending in the Y-axis direction attached to the upper surfaces 130d, 140d of the first column 130 and the second column 140, and the stators 132, 142 facing the stators 132, 142. and movers 158 and 160 attached to the bottom surface of the saddle 150 .

A Y-axis digital scale can be attached to one of the first column 130 and the second column 140 as a position detector for detecting the coordinate position of the saddle 150 in the Y-axis direction. As an example, FIG. 6 shows a Y-axis digital scale 166a on the side of the first column 130 facing the second column 140, and a detection head 166b attached to the bottom of the saddle 150 via a bracket 168. It is

The Y-axis feeding device is not limited to a linear motor, but may be, for example, a ball screw (not shown) extending in the Y-axis direction, a nut engaged with the ball screw and fixed to the bottom surface of the saddle 150, or a ball screw. It may consist of a Y-axis servomotor (not shown) connected to one end.

An opening 150a extends through the central portion of the saddle 150 in the vertical direction or the Z-axis direction. A spindle head 170 is held in the opening 150a so as to be able to reciprocate in the Z-axis direction. The spindle head 170 supports a spindle 172 rotatably around the rotation axis O in the housing. The main shaft 172 protrudes from the lower end of the housing toward the bed 102 and table 180 in the Z-axis direction. Thus, the spindle 172, the table 180 and the workpiece W fixed to the table 180 are arranged to face each other. Also, in the illustrated embodiment, the housing of the spindle head 170 has a generally rectangular parallelepiped outer shape. A Z-axis guide rail 174 extending in the Z-axis direction is attached to each of the four corners of the housing of the spindle head 170 . By configuring the saddle 150 and the spindle head 170 as described above, the structure of the machine tool can be configured to be substantially symmetrical in the front, rear, left, and right directions. It is possible to reduce the influence on accuracy.

The opening 150a of the saddle 150 is formed in a rectangular shape so as to fit the outer shape of the spindle head 170 in this embodiment. Blocks that engage with the Z-axis guide rails 174 are attached to four corners of the rectangular opening 150a. In the illustrated embodiment, the blocks include four upper blocks 162 mounted above opening 150 and four lower blocks 164 mounted below opening 150a. Thus, the spindle head 170 is supported by the saddle 150 so as to be able to reciprocate in the Z-axis direction so as to move toward and away from the table 180 and the workpiece W fixed to the table 180 .

More preferably, the Z-axis guide rail 174 is attached to the side of the housing of the spindle head 170 perpendicular to the X-axis, and the upper block 162 and the lower block 164 are aligned in the rectangular opening 150a of the saddle 150 along the X-axis. Fixed on vertical sides.

Furthermore, the machine tool 100 has a Z-axis linear motor extending in the Z-axis direction as a Z-axis feed device for reciprocating the saddle 150 in the Z-axis direction. The Z-axis linear motor includes a mover 176 fixed to the side surface of the housing of the spindle head 170 and extending in the Z-axis direction, and a stator 161 fixed to the opening 150 a of the saddle 150 . More preferably, the mover 176 of the Z-axis linear motor is attached to the side surface perpendicular to the X-axis in the housing of the spindle head 170, and the stator faces the mover 176 in the opening 150a. Fixed on the side perpendicular to the axis.

Since the saddle 150 installed between the first column 130 and the second column 140 has a shape elongated in the X-axis direction, the Z-axis linear motor can be mounted on the housing of the spindle head 170 along the X-axis as described above. By arranging the vertical side and the side perpendicular to the X-axis within the opening 150a of the saddle 150, the deformation of the saddle 150 due to the force generated by the Z-axis linear motor can be reduced.

Here, in machine tools, the angles between the three orthogonal axes generally need to be exactly 90°. The horizontality of the X and Y axes and the verticality of the Z axis can be adjusted independently. If the horizontality of the X-axis and the Y-axis and the verticality of the Z-axis can be adjusted accurately, the perpendicularity between the X-axis and the Y-axis and between the Y-axis and the Z-axis can also be adjusted accordingly. However, even if the horizontality of the X-axis and the Y-axis are adjusted independently, the perpendicularity between the X-axis and the Y-axis is not automatically adjusted, and must be adjusted again. As mentioned above, the two Y-axis guide rails 136, 146 are attached to the first column 130 and the second column 140 so that both can be adjusted simultaneously with respect to the two X-axis guide rails 184, 185. difficult to do.

Therefore, according to the present invention, the X-axis guide rails 184 and 185 are adjusted with respect to the Y-axis guide rails 136 and 146 . Referring to FIG. 5, the mounting base 186 disposed in the recess 118 of the bed 102 protrudes upward in the Z-axis direction from the upper surfaces 114a, 116a of the ridges 114, 116. The portions projecting in the direction can be engaged with the lower side surfaces of the X-axis guide rails 184 and 185 . By adjusting the inclination (rotational position about the Z-axis) of the mounting base 186 in the recess 118 and fixing the mounting base 186 to the bed 102, the X-axis guide rails 184 and 185 are engaged with the mounting base 186. , the two X-axis guide rails 184, 185 can be efficiently adjusted simultaneously. For this purpose, the Z-axis protruding portions of the mounting base 186, ie the surfaces that engage the lower sides of the X-axis guide rails 184, 185, must be machined parallel to each other.

A balancer can be provided for the spindle head 170 in order to cancel the vertical force (gravity) acting on the spindle head 170 . As an example, the balancer shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 can include a coupling member 230 coupled to spindle head 170 and a hydraulic cylinder 232 coupled between saddle 150 and coupling member 230 .

10 and 11, the connecting member 230 is connected to the top of the spindle head 170 so as to protrude in the X-axis direction, so that the stroke of the spindle head 170 in the Z-axis direction can be increased. Also, the connecting member 230 may protrude in the Y-axis direction. The connecting member 230 may include multiple members instead of one.

Also, the hydraulic cylinder 232 may be at least partially embedded within the saddle 150 . In the illustrated embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 232 is embedded in the saddle 150 such that the piston rod 232a protrudes upward from the upper surface of the saddle 150 . Hydraulic cylinder 232 may be a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder. The pressure of the working fluid supplied to hydraulic cylinder 232 can be adjusted to offset the weight of spindle head 170 .

An example of the tool magazine 250 is shown in FIG. In this example, the tool magazine 250 is formed so as to hold a plurality of tools 252 on the periphery of a disc 254 rotatably provided around a rotation axis Om extending in the Z-axis direction. The tool 252 is a combination of a rotating tool such as an end mill and a tool holder that holds the rotating tool. The spindle head 170 is retracted in the Y-axis direction and placed above the tool 252 indexed to the tool change position. One tool 252 is attached to the distal end of the spindle 172 by fitting a tapered portion (not shown) of the tool 252 within (not shown). After the tool 252 is attached to the tip of the spindle 172, the tool 252 is removed from the tool magazine 250 while being held at the tip of the spindle 172 by advancing the spindle head 170 in the Y-axis direction.

The machine tool 100 further includes an inner cover assembly 200 that prevents chips and coolant from flying into the space above the first column 130 and the second column 140 . In the illustrated embodiment, the inner cover assembly 200 includes, as main components, an inner cover 202 that can be stretched in the Y-axis direction and a driving device that drives the inner cover 202 in the Y-axis direction. The inner cover 202 has a bellows structure or a telescopic structure that can be stretched in the Y-axis direction.

In this embodiment, the inner cover 202 has two slopes of a triangular roof shape. The inner cover 202 can be made of, for example, a bellows member that is stretchable in the Y-axis direction. One end of the inner cover 202 is fixed to the front surface of the saddle 150 and the other end is fixed to the frame 204 . As an example, the frame 204 includes a body portion 204a made of a plate member arranged parallel to the XZ plane, and a pair of plates extending in the Y-axis direction from each end in the X-axis direction at the upper end of the body portion 204a. It has arms 204b and 204c. The other end of the inner cover 202 is fixed to the rear surface of the body portion 204a.

The frame 204 is arranged above the first column 130 and the second column 140 so as to be able to reciprocate in the Y-axis direction. An inverted L-shaped support member 206 is fixed to the upper surface 130d of the first column 130 and the upper surface 140d of the second column 140, and projects upward from the upper surfaces 130d and 140d. A plate-shaped base member 208 extending in the Y-axis direction is fixed.

A guide rail 214 extending in the Y-axis direction is attached to the upper surface of the base member 208 . Blocks (not shown) that slide along the guide rails 214 are attached to the lower surfaces of the arms 204 b and 204 c of the frame 204 .

A fluid pressure cylinder 210 is further attached to the base member 208 as a driving device for the inner cover 202 . Hydraulic cylinder 210 may be a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder. The fluid pressure cylinder 210 has a piston rod 212 that can move back and forth in the Y-axis direction, and the tip of the piston rod 212 is fixed to the frame 204 . Thus, the frame 204 can reciprocate in the Y-axis direction with respect to the first column 130 and the second column 140 independently of the saddle 150 .

FIG. 7 shows the first position of the inner cover assembly 200 (frame 204), in which the frame 204 is positioned most forward in the Y-axis direction. When frame 204 is in the first position, machine tool 100 is ready for machining. 8 and 9 show a second position of inner cover assembly 200 (frame 204), in which frame 204 is closest to saddle 150. FIG. When frame 204 is in the second position, machine tool 100 is disabled.

FIG. 8 shows the most retracted retracted position of the saddle 150 in the Y-axis direction. The retracted position is outside the Y-axis coordinate range used for machining and is the rearmost position where the saddle can be positioned. At this time, the control device of the machine tool 100 does not permit the movement of the spindle head 170 by the operator's operation. In other words, the operator cannot manually operate the spindle head 170 . The reason why the movement of the spindle head 170 by the operator's operation is not permitted is that the spindle head 170 is moved to a retracted position that is used only at the maintenance level in order to secure a setup area (space above the table 180) as wide as possible. If operator operation is permitted in this state, the spindle head 170 and the spindle 172 may collide with components of the machine tool 100 such as the tool magazine, which is dangerous.

When the saddle 150 is at the retracted position, the frame 204 of the inner cover assembly 200 is placed at the second position, as shown in FIG. It is possible to transfer the wafer from above 100 onto the table 180 .

FIG. 9 shows the inner cover assembly 200 (frame 204) positioned in the second position and the saddle 150 positioned within the Y-axis coordinate range used for processing. At this time, the control device of the machine tool 100 permits the movement command of the spindle head 170 by the operator's operation. That is, the operator can manually operate the spindle head 170 .

Machine tool 100 may also be housed within an outer cover assembly. 12-17, the outer cover assembly includes a front cover 300, a rear cover (not shown), a right side cover 320, a left side cover (not shown) and a top cover 330. , the machine tool 100 is arranged.

The front cover 300 includes two fixed panels 302 and 304 spaced apart from each other in the X-axis direction and sliding doors 308 and 310 positioned between them. Two fixed panels 302, 304 are positioned generally forward of the first and second columns 130, 140, respectively. An operation panel 306 of the machine tool 100 is attached to one of the fixed panels 302 and 304 , which in the illustrated embodiment is the fixed panel 304 on the right side as viewed from the front of the machine tool 100 . A control device (NC device, machine control device) of the machine tool 100 can be incorporated in the operation panel 306 .

The sliding doors 308 and 310 are formed so as to approach and separate from each other in the X-axis direction. In addition, as shown in FIG. 13, the sliding doors 308 and 310 are provided with inclined covers 312 and 314 on the inner surface side. The inclined covers 312 and 314 are extendable and retractable in the opening/closing direction of the slide doors 308 and 310, which is the X-axis direction in this embodiment. The inclined covers 312 and 314 have a bellows structure or a telescopic structure that can be expanded and contracted in the X-axis direction. By providing the slanted covers 312, 314, the front space SF is prevented from being contaminated by chips and coolant generated during machining. By making the tilt covers 312, 314 extendable in the X-axis direction, the tilt covers 312, 314 collide with the first column 130 and the second column 140, respectively, when the sliding doors 308, 310 are opened. is prevented.

As shown in FIG. 14, the operator can access the front space SF of the machine tool 100 when the slide doors 308 and 310 are opened. When the sliding doors 308, 310 are opened, the inner cover assembly 200 (frame 204) is in the second position, as shown in FIG. 9, and the saddle 150 is within the Y-axis coordinate range used for machining. , the operator can enter the front space SF and perform work such as setup work inside the machine tool 100 . At this time, the inner cover 202 is retracted to the rear portion of the machine tool 100 together with the saddle 150, and the upper side of the front space SF is open. , it is possible to perform setup work such as manual work centering and height adjustment in a safe and clean environment.

In the illustrated embodiment, the right side cover 320 consists of four panels 322,324,326,328. All panels 322, 324, 326, 328 can be fixed panels or movable panels. Alternatively, the outer two panels 326, 328 may be fixed panels and the inner two panels 322, 324 may be movable panels. In this case, the two inner movable panels 322 and 324 may be slide doors that can approach and move away from each other in the Y-axis direction like the slide doors 308 and 310 of the front cover 300, or fixed panels 326 and 328 It can be a pivoting door attached by a hinge. The inner two panels may be removable.

The left side cover can be similarly constructed. That is, all panels can be fixed panels, or some can be movable or detachable.

In the machine tool 100, the top cover 330 is a five-sided box-shaped cover that surrounds the portions protruding upward from the top surfaces 130d and 140d of the first column 130 and the second column 140. As shown in FIG. The top cover 330 has a movable cover 332 .

Also, when the sliding doors 308, 310 of the front cover 300 and the movable cover 332 of the top cover 330 are open as shown in FIG. In addition, by arranging the saddle 150 at the retracted position, it is possible to load the workpiece W into the machine tool 100 from above using, for example, an overhead crane C in the factory where the machine tool 100 is installed. At this time, the collision between the spindle head 170 and the overhead crane C or the workpiece W suspended by the overhead crane C is prevented by prohibiting the operator from manually moving the spindle head 170 .

According to the above-described embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the work exchange device or work transfer device 10 is arranged between two machine tools 100-1 and 100-2 arranged side by side, and viewed from the front. By opening the right side cover 320 of the outer cover assembly of the left machine tool 100-1 and opening the left side cover of the outer cover assembly of the other machine tool 100-2, to the left machine tool 100-1. supplies the work W to the upper surface of the table 180 through the right side cover 320 opened from the work exchange device or work transfer device 10 and the right hole (second hole) 148 of the machine tool 100-1, To the right machine tool 100-2, the left side cover opened from the work exchange device or work transfer device 10 and the left side hole (first hole) 138 of the machine tool 100-2 are connected to the top surface of the table 180. It is possible to supply the work W to. In this way, since the configuration allows the workpiece to be supplied to the machine tool from either the left or right side, a wide variety of machining system layouts comprising the machine tool and workpiece exchange device or workpiece transfer device can be selected.

In this regard, in a conventional machining system in which a work exchange device or work transfer device 10 is arranged between two machine tools 20 which supply works from either side of the machine tools, a schematic diagram of FIG. As such, the two machine tools 20 must be turned in opposite directions, so that the operator must move from one side to the other in order to operate the control panels of the two machine tools 20 or to perform setup work. It must travel beyond the processing system.

Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, two machine tools 100-1 and 100-2 are arranged in the Y-axis direction, and a common work exchange device or work transfer device 30 is arranged between them to provide a machining system. may be formed.

The already-described machine tool 100 is formed in a symmetrical shape with respect to the central axis Ox in the X-axis direction and the central axis Oy in the Y-axis direction. can minimize the impact on

Further, the machine tool 100 can be operated from the first hole 138 formed by the first column 130 and the first wing 106 of the bed 102 and penetrating in the X-axis direction at the left end of the machine tool 100 . The workpiece W can also be supplied from the second hole 148 penetrating in the X-axis direction at the right end of the machine tool 100 formed by the column 140 of the bed 102 and the second wing 108 of the bed 102. As shown schematically in , the operator can operate the console 306 and perform set-up operations on one side of the machining system, which can work very efficiently compared to conventional machining systems. It becomes possible.

Although it has been explained that a ball screw and a servomotor may be used as drive sources for the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis feeding devices, by using a linear motor as in the above-described embodiment, it is possible to arrange parts, Since the heat generation sources can be configured symmetrically, thermal displacement is well-balanced in the entire machine tool 100, and the influence of thermal displacement on machining accuracy can be reduced.

In the above-described embodiment, the spindle head 170 supports a spindle 172 on which a rotating tool (not shown) is mounted. good.

Further, a tilting axis and a rotation axis may be added to the spindle head 170 and the table 180 so that 5-axis machining can be performed.

100 machine tool 130 first column 138 first hole 140 second column 148 second hole 150 saddle 170 spindle head 172 spindle 180 table 250 tool magazine

Claims (5)

In a machine tool that processes a workpiece by relatively moving the spindle head and the workpiece,
a bed placed on the floor;
a first column erected on the bed and forming a first hole together with the bed;
a second column erected on the bed spaced apart from the first column in a first horizontal direction and forming a second hole together with the bed;
a table on which the work is placed, which is attached to the bed so as to be able to enter the first hole and the second hole and to be movable in the first horizontal direction;
a saddle installed between the first column and the second column movably in a second horizontal direction perpendicular to the first horizontal direction;
a spindle head attached to the saddle so as to be vertically movable;
The bed has the second horizontally extending first wing, a second wing, and a body disposed between the first wing and the second wing. is formed in an H shape in plan view, the first column is attached to the first wing portion, the second column is attached to the second wing portion,
Through the first wing portion, the body portion and the second wing portion, a pair of wing portions extending in the first horizontal direction along the upper surface of the bed and spaced apart in the second horizontal direction and extending parallel to each other a first guide having a guide rail;
A linear linear actuator that reciprocates in the first horizontal direction the table including a stator disposed between the pair of guide rails and a mover fixed to the table so as to face the stator. a motor;
and
The stator of the linear motor is fixed to a base member that is fixed along the upper surface of the bed so as to be positionally adjustable, and the pair of guide rails are arranged on the first horizontally extending side of the base member. A machine tool, characterized in that it is fixed to the upper surface of the bed so as to be able to come into contact with the edge . 2. A machine tool according to claim 1 , wherein said saddle has an opening extending vertically through the center thereof, and said spindle head is held in said opening. The machine tool further comprises an outer cover assembly surrounding the machine tool, the outer cover assembly including at least a front cover, a pair of opposed side covers and a top cover, the front cover providing an operator with a 2. The machine tool of claim 1 , including an openable door allowing access within said outer cover assembly. The machine tool further comprises an inner cover assembly closing an upper portion of the door of the front cover, the inner cover assembly including an inner cover on a side of the saddle facing the front cover, the inner 4. The machine tool according to claim 3 , wherein the cover is extendable in the second horizontal direction. 4. The machine tool according to claim 3 , wherein the machine tool has an openable movable panel on either or both of the pair of side covers.

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