JP2003266256A - Three-dimensional machining device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a three-dimensional machining device capable of achieving simplicity of structure, compactness, high speed, high acceleration and deceleration, and high precision free from backlash. <P>SOLUTION: In this three-dimensional machining device, a spindle head 4 having a tool and a table 8 for placement of a workpiece are relatively movable in the Z-axis direction as the vertical direction, and in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction and to each other. It is provided with a Z-axis drive means 3 to relatively move the spindle head 4 and the table 8 in the Z-axis direction, and an X-axis drive means 5 and a Y-axis drive means 7 to relatively move the spindle head 4 and the table 8 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The Z-axis drive means 3 is composed of a ball screw feed mechanism. The X-axis drive means 5 and the Y-axis drive means 7 are composed of a linear motor mechanism 42. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional processing machine for processing metallic materials, non-metallic materials and the like. For more information,
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional processing machine that performs processing while relatively moving a spindle head having a tool and a table on which a work is placed in a three-dimensional direction.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There is known a three-dimensional processing machine that performs processing while relatively moving a spindle head having a tool and a table on which a work is placed in a three-dimensional direction. Conventionally, in this type of three-dimensional processing machine, for example, a spindle head to which a tool is attached moves in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction), and a table on which a work is placed is orthogonal to the Z-axis direction and mutually orthogonal. In the case of a type of moving in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, Z-axis driving means for relatively moving the spindle head in the Z-axis direction, X-axis driving means and Y-axis for relatively moving the table in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. All the driving means are constituted by a ball screw feeding mechanism. In other words, the ball screw shaft is arranged on the fixed member side along the moving direction of the movable member, and the nut member that is screwed onto the ball screw shaft is fixed on the movable member side. In this structure, the movable member is moved via the nut member.

[0003]

However, in the structure of the conventional three-dimensional processing machine, all of the Z, X, and Y-axis driving means are constituted by the ball screw feeding mechanism, so that there are the following problems. It was (A) In addition to disposing the ball screw shaft on the fixed member side along the moving direction of the movable member, and fixing the nut member screwed on the ball screw shaft to the movable member side,
Since a guide mechanism for guiding the movable member in a linear direction with respect to the fixed member must be added, the structure is complicated and the size becomes large. (B) Since the movable member is moved via the nut member in accordance with the rotation of the ball screw shaft, it is difficult to cope with high speed and high acceleration / deceleration. (C) Since the ball screw shaft and the nut member are screwed together,
Backlash occurs in the meshing part, which causes a positioning error, which makes it difficult to achieve high accuracy.

The object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art and to realize a three-dimensional processing machine which can realize a structure simplification, a size reduction, a high speed and high acceleration / deceleration, and a backlash less precision. To provide.

[0005]

To achieve the above object, a three-dimensional processing machine of the present invention includes a spindle head to which a tool is attached and a table on which a work is placed, in the vertical Z-axis direction. A three-dimensional processing machine configured to be relatively movable in an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction, which are orthogonal to the Z-axis direction and are orthogonal to each other, wherein the Z-axis relatively moves the spindle head and the table in the Z-axis direction. Drive means, and an X-axis drive means and a Y-axis drive means for relatively moving the spindle head and the table in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, wherein the Z-axis drive means is constituted by a ball screw feeding mechanism, The X-axis driving means and the Y-axis driving means are constituted by a linear motor mechanism.

Here, the ball screw feeding mechanism includes a ball screw shaft provided on the fixed member side along the moving direction of the movable member, and a nut member fixed on the movable member side and screwed onto the ball screw shaft. Including the structure, when the ball screw shaft rotates, the movable member moves via the nut member. Also,
Any type of linear motor such as a linear induction motor, a linear synchronous motor, a linear direct current motor, a linear pulse motor can be applied. The linear motor has a structure in which a stator provided on the fixed member side along the moving direction of the movable member and a mover provided on the movable member side are provided. Or either of them may be the armature side or the field side.

According to this structure, since the X-axis driving means and the Y-axis driving means are constituted by the linear motor mechanism, it is not necessary to use a ball screw shaft for these driving means as in the prior art. Therefore, the structure can be simplified and downsized. Moreover, since the movable member does not move via the nut member when the ball screw shaft rotates, high speed and high acceleration / deceleration can be achieved, and further, high accuracy due to backlash less can be realized. Also,
Since the Z-axis driving means is composed of the ball screw feeding mechanism, it is possible to prevent the movable portion of the Z-axis driving means from dropping due to gravity even when the power is turned off. That is, safety can be secured.

In the above, the spindle head is
A configuration including a spindle, a non-contact bearing that rotatably supports the spindle, and a motor that rotationally drives the spindle is preferable. At this time, an aerostatic bearing is preferable as the non-contact bearing. According to such a configuration, high-accuracy high-speed rotation can be easily obtained due to the characteristics of the aerostatic bearing, so that there is an advantage that finishing can be efficiently performed at a large cutting feed rate.

Further, it is preferable that a work processing chamber that covers at least the tool and the table is provided, and that the work processing chamber is provided with an air cleaning means having a deodorizing function.
In general, when cutting or grinding a workpiece with a tool, for the purpose of cooling or lubrication, oil mist (a mixture of oil atomized into the air) or coolant is directed toward the processing position of the tool. Spraying is done. When a workpiece is processed while the tool rotates at high speed, the oil mist and coolant liquid sprayed become mist and scatter around, so the odor of oil is often found around the processing machine. .

According to the present invention, the work processing chamber that covers the spindle head and the table is provided with the air cleaning means having a deodorizing function. Therefore, even under the above-mentioned working environment, the odor of oil is deodorized. Can provide a comfortable working environment. Moreover, since it is equipped with an air cleaning means, it is possible to simultaneously collect and remove fine oil mist mixed in the air in the form of mist and fine chips generated and scattered during processing. Can realize a specific work environment.

Further, it is preferable that the temperature control means for controlling the temperature in the work processing chamber is provided. At this time, as the temperature control means, a temperature control fluid flow passage formed outside the work processing chamber and a temperature control fluid supply means for supplying a temperature controlled fluid to the temperature control fluid flow passage It can be realized with a configuration including. With such a configuration, the temperature in the work processing chamber can be controlled within a constant temperature range, so that the thermal expansion of the tool or the work due to environmental temperature fluctuations can be suppressed to a certain level or less, and high-precision processing is possible. Can be expected. Moreover, the temperature control means includes a temperature control fluid flow passage formed outside the workpiece processing chamber, and temperature control fluid supply means for supplying the temperature control fluid whose temperature is controlled into the temperature control fluid flow passage. With this structure, since the temperature control fluid does not directly contact the processing site, highly accurate processing can be expected even for a relatively soft work.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a view (cross-sectional view) viewed from the front of the three-dimensional grinding machine of the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a view (cross-sectional view) viewed from the side. As shown in these drawings, the present three-dimensional grinding machine is provided with a bed 1, a column 2 standing upright at a rear position on the upper surface of the bed 1, and a Z on the upper portion of the column 2.
A spindle head 4 that is vertically movable (Z-axis direction) via an axis drive means 3, and an X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction on the upper surface of the bed 1 via an X-axis drive means 5. And an X table 6 movably provided on the upper surface of the X table 6 via the Y axis drive means 7 and movable in the Y axis direction orthogonal to the Z axis direction and orthogonal to the X axis direction. , A Y table 8 provided in the X table, an X table 6 and an X axis position detector 12 and a Y axis position detector 13 for detecting the positions of the Y table 8 in the respective axial directions, and a work machining chamber that covers at least the tool and the table 8. 9 and temperature control means 10 for controlling the temperature in the work processing chamber 9.

The bed 1 has four legs 11 at the four corners of the bottom surface. These legs 11 have a vibration-proof structure,
It projects from the bottom wall of the work processing chamber 9. Column 2
Includes a vertical portion 31 that vertically rises from a rear portion of the upper surface of the bed 1, and a bent portion 32 that is bent obliquely forward from the upper end of the vertical portion 31. At the tip of the bent portion 32, a spindle head 4 is provided so as to be able to move up and down in the Z-axis direction via the Z-axis drive means 3.

The Z-axis driving means 3 is composed of a ball screw feeding mechanism. Although not shown, the ball screw feeding mechanism includes a ball screw shaft provided along the moving direction of the spindle head 4 (movable member) on the column 2 (fixed member side), that is, the Z-axis direction, and the ball. This structure is provided with a motor that drives the screw shaft to rotate, and a nut member that is screwed onto the ball screw shaft and fixed to the spindle head 4.

The X-axis driving means 5 and the Y-axis driving means 7 are
It is composed of two linear guide mechanisms provided between the fixed member and the movable member, and a linear motor mechanism provided between the two linear guide mechanisms. That is, the X-axis drive means 5 includes two linear guide mechanisms 41 provided between the bed 1 and the X table 6, and a linear motor mechanism 42 provided between the two linear guide mechanisms 41. It consists of The Y-axis drive means 7 includes two linear guide mechanisms 43 provided between the X table 6 and the Y table 8 and a linear motor mechanism 44 provided between the two linear guide mechanisms 43. It is configured.

As shown in FIG. 3, the linear guide mechanisms 41 and 43 are arranged on the fixed member (bed 1, X table 6) along the moving direction of the movable members (X table 6, Y table 8). The guide rail 45 and a movable member (X table 6,
And a sliding member 46 fixed to the Y table 8). As shown in FIG. 3, the linear motor mechanisms 42 and 44 serve as a stator fixed to a fixed member (bed 1, X table 6) along the moving direction of the movable member (X table 6, Y table 8). The coil 47 and the movable member (X
On the lower surface of the table 6 and the Y table 8), a coil 48 and a magnet 48 as a mover are arranged so as to face the coil 47.

The X-axis position detector 12 is a laser scale having a scale provided on the upper surface of the bed 1 along the X-axis direction and a detection head attached to the lower surface of the X table 6 so as to face the scale. It is composed by. The Y-axis position detector 13 includes a laser scale (laser scale) having a scale provided on the upper surface of the X table 6 along the Y-axis direction and a detection head attached to the lower surface of the Y table 8 so as to face the scale. The scale followed by). These laser scales can detect the position of each table 6 and 8 in each axial direction with a detection accuracy of about 1 μm called sub-nanometer, which is a guaranteed value for a high precision machining center.
It is possible to guarantee a processing accuracy of about 1 μm, which is between 5 μm and nano (nm), which is the guaranteed value of a precision processing machine. Note that X
The axial position detector 12 and the Y-axis position detector 13 are not limited to the above structures and may have other structures as long as the detection accuracy of at least about 1 μm can be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 4, the spindle head 4 is rotatably supported by a housing 21 and aerostatic bearings 22A, 22B and 22C in the housing 21, and is parallel to the Z-axis direction. And a motor 24 for driving the spindle 23 to rotate. Aerostatic bearings 22A, 22
An air outlet 25 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of B to eject air from the axis orthogonal direction toward the spindle 23. A radial bearing that supports the spindle 23 in the radial direction is formed by the air ejected from each of the air outlets 25. In addition, the flange 2 of the spindle 23 is provided on the axial end faces of the aerostatic bearings 22B and 22C that face each other.
A plurality of outlets 26 for ejecting air toward 3A are formed. Thrust bearings that support the spindle 23 in the thrust direction are formed by the air ejected from each of the air outlets 26. In addition, 29 is a tool.

The work processing room 9 includes a bed 1, a column 2,
A size that covers the spindle head 4 and the tables 6 and 8, and includes a front plate portion 9A, a rear plate portion 9B, a top plate portion 9C, and a bottom plate portion 9D.
And it is formed in the box shape provided with both side plate parts 9E and 9F. Of these, at the inner surface side upper position of the rear plate portion 9B,
The air cleaning means 51 is attached. The air cleaning means 51 sucks in the air in the work processing chamber 9 and decomposes and detoxifies odorous components, dust particles, harmful substances in the sucked air, and has a deodorizing function, a dust removing function, and a sterilizing function. It has functions. For example, as an example of its structure,
By irradiating plasma with electrons (free electrons), oxygen is activated, and the activated oxygen radicals perform functions such as decomposing odorous components and detoxifying harmful substances. The air cleaning means 51 is not limited to this structure, and may be a structure that uses activated carbon, a photocatalyst, or the like to perform a deodorizing function, a dust removing function, a sterilizing function, and the like.

A front plate portion 9A, a rear plate portion 9B, a top plate portion 9C, a bottom plate portion 9D and both side plate portions 9 which constitute the work processing chamber 9.
E and 9F are formed in a double wall structure of an inner wall 61 and an outer wall 62, and have a temperature control fluid flow passage 63 between the double wall structures. The temperature control fluid flow passages 63 formed in the plate portions 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 9F are all in communication. That is, the temperature control fluid flow passage 63 is formed outside the work processing chamber 9. The temperature control means 10 is connected to the temperature control fluid flow passage 63 formed outside the workpiece processing chamber 9 via the pipes 64 and 65 in the temperature control fluid flow passage 63, and the temperature control fluid whose temperature is controlled ( Here, an air conditioner 66 as a temperature control fluid supply means for supplying (air) to the work processing chamber 9 is provided. The pipe 64 is arranged between the air conditioner 66 and the top plate portion 9C. Piping 6
5 is disposed between the air conditioner 66 and the rear plate portion 9B.

In the above construction, when machining a workpiece, the workpiece is set on the Y table 8 and then the workpiece is machined by the tool 29 while the tool 29 and the Y table 8 are relatively moved in the three-dimensional direction. . That is,
The X-axis drive means 5 moves the X-table 6 in the X-axis direction to Y.
Machining is performed while moving the Y table 8 in the Y-axis direction by the axis driving means 7 and the spindle head 4 having the tool 29 in the Z-axis direction by the Z-axis driving means 3.

At this time, since the X-axis driving means 5 and the Y-axis driving means 7 are constituted by the linear motor mechanisms 42 and 44, it is not necessary to use a ball screw shaft as in the conventional case for these driving means. Therefore, the structure can be simplified and downsized. Moreover, since the movable member does not move through the nut member when the feed screw shaft rotates as in the prior art, high speed and high acceleration / deceleration can be achieved, and further high accuracy due to backlash less can be realized. Further, since the Z-axis driving means 3 is composed of a ball screw feeding mechanism, it is possible to prevent the movable portion of the Z-axis driving means 3 from dropping due to gravity even when the power is turned off.
That is, safety can be secured.

Since the spindle head 4 has a spindle 23, aerostatic bearings 22A, 22B and 22C that rotatably support the spindle 23, and a motor 24 that drives the spindle 23 to rotate,
Due to the characteristics of the aerostatic bearings 22A, 22B, 22C, high-accuracy high-speed rotation can be easily obtained. Therefore, there is an advantage that the finishing process can be efficiently performed at a high cutting feed rate.

At this time, the air in the work processing chamber 9 is taken into the air conditioner 66 through the pipe 65, and the air whose temperature is adjusted by the air conditioner 66 is introduced into the work processing chamber 9 through the pipe 64. Supply. As a result, the temperature in the work processing chamber 9 is controlled within the constant temperature range, so that the thermal expansion of the tool or the work due to the environmental temperature fluctuation can be suppressed below a certain level.
Therefore, highly accurate processing can be expected. Moreover, the temperature control means 10 is configured to include the temperature control fluid flow passage 63 formed outside the workpiece processing chamber 9 and the air conditioner 66 for supplying the temperature control fluid into the temperature control fluid flow passage 63. Therefore, since the temperature control fluid does not directly contact the processing portion, highly accurate processing can be expected even for a relatively soft work.

Further, since the work processing chamber 9 that covers the spindle head 4 and the table 8 is provided with the air cleaning means 51 having a deodorizing function, a comfortable and hygienic working environment can be provided. . Generally, when cutting or grinding a work with a tool, an oil mist (oil is atomized and mixed in the air) toward the processing position with the tool for the purpose of cooling and lubrication.
Spraying with a coolant or the like is performed. When a workpiece is processed while the tool rotates at high speed, the oil mist and coolant liquid sprayed become mist and scatter around, so the odor of oil is often found around the processing machine. .

In the present embodiment, since the work processing chamber 9 covering the spindle head 4 and the table 8 is provided with the air cleaning means 51 having a deodorizing function, oil is retained even under the above-mentioned working environment. It is possible to eliminate odors and provide a comfortable working environment. Moreover, since the air cleaning means 51 is provided, it is possible to simultaneously collect and remove fine oil mist mixed in the air in the form of mist and fine chips generated and scattered during processing. A hygienic work environment can be realized.

The present invention is not limited to the three-dimensional processing machine described in the above embodiment, and includes the following modifications. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the spindle head 4 is movable in the Z-axis direction and the table 8 is movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. On the contrary, the spindle head 4 is movable in the X-axis direction. The table 8 may be configured to be movable in the Y-axis direction and movable in the Z-axis direction. Alternatively, the table 8 is fixed and the spindle head 4 is moved in all axial directions (X-axis direction, X-axis direction and Y-axis direction).
Alternatively, the spindle head 4 may be fixed and the table 8 may be moved in all axial directions (X direction).
It may be configured to be movable in the axial direction, the X-axis direction, and the Y-axis direction). In short, the spindle head 4 to which the tool 29 is attached and the table 8 on which the work is placed are arranged in the Z-axis direction which is the vertical direction, the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction which are orthogonal to the Z-axis direction and are orthogonal to each other. Any structure may be used as long as it is configured to be relatively movable to.

Further, in the above embodiment, the spindle 23
Although it has a structure in which the hydrostatic bearings 22A, 22B, and 22C are rotatably supported, the present invention is not limited to this. Non-contact bearings other than the aerostatic bearings 22A, 22B, 22C,
For example, a structure in which a non-contact bearing such as a magnetic bearing is rotatably supported may be used. Alternatively, a structure in which the spindle is supported by a ball bearing may be used, but a non-contact bearing is preferable in terms of achieving high accuracy.

Further, in the above embodiment, the work processing chamber 9
Is formed in a box shape having a size that covers the bed 1, the column 2, the spindle head 4, and the tables 6 and 8, and has a size that covers at least the tool 29 and the table 8, and
The shape and size are not limited as long as the tool 29 and the table 8 can be relatively moved in the three-dimensional direction. In the above embodiment, the air cleaning means 51 having a structure that activates oxygen to perform various functions is used.
The air cleaning means is not limited to this, and may have another configuration as long as it has at least a deodorizing function among the deodorizing function, the dust removing function, the sterilizing function, and the like.

In the above embodiment, the three-dimensional grinding machine has been described, but the present invention is not limited to the grinding machine, but can be applied to a three-dimensional cutting machine that cuts a work using a tool such as an end mill. In short, the spindle head to which the tool is attached and the table on which the work is placed are
Applicable to all processing machines that perform all processing including grinding and cutting while moving relatively in the vertical Z-axis direction and in the X-axis and Y-axis directions that are orthogonal to this Z-axis direction and orthogonal to each other. it can.

[0031]

According to the three-dimensional processing machine of the present invention, the structure can be simplified, the size can be reduced, the speed and acceleration / deceleration can be increased, and the backlash can be eliminated to improve the accuracy.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of a three-dimensional processing machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view seen from a side surface of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a linear guide mechanism and a linear motor mechanism in the same embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a spindle head according to the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 bed 3 Z-axis drive means 4 spindle head 5 X-axis drive means 7 Y-axis drive means 8 tables 9 Work processing room 10 Temperature control means 22A, 22B, 22C Aerostatic bearing (non-contact bearing) 23 spindles 24 motor 42,44 Linear motor mechanism 51 Air cleaning means 63 Temperature control fluid flow passage 66 Air conditioner (temperature control fluid supply means)

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) B23Q 1/26 EF term (reference) 3C011 AA00 3C048 AA01 BC02 BC03 CC07 DD10 DD13 DD26 EE00

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A spindle head having a tool attached thereto and a table on which a work is placed are arranged in a Z-axis direction, which is a vertical direction, and are orthogonal to the Z-axis direction and to each other.
A three-dimensional processing machine configured to be relatively movable in an axial direction and a Y-axis direction, wherein a Z-axis driving unit that relatively moves the spindle head and the table in the Z-axis direction, and the spindle head and the table in the X-axis. Direction and Y
An X-axis driving unit and a Y-axis driving unit that relatively move in the axial direction are provided, the Z-axis driving unit is configured by a ball screw feeding mechanism, and the X-axis driving unit and the Y-axis driving unit are configured by a linear motor mechanism. A three-dimensional processing machine characterized by being configured. 2. The three-dimensional processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the spindle head includes a spindle, a non-contact bearing that rotatably supports the spindle, and a motor that rotationally drives the spindle. A characteristic three-dimensional processing machine. 3. The three-dimensional processing machine according to claim 2, wherein the non-contact bearing comprises an aerostatic bearing. 4. The three-dimensional processing machine according to claim 1, further comprising a work processing chamber that covers at least the tool and the table, and the work processing chamber has a deodorizing function. A three-dimensional processing machine characterized by being equipped with an air cleaning means. 5. The three-dimensional processing machine according to claim 1, further comprising temperature control means for controlling the temperature in the work processing chamber. Machine. 6. The three-dimensional processing machine according to claim 5, wherein the temperature control means includes a temperature control fluid flow passage formed outside the workpiece processing chamber and a temperature control fluid inside the temperature control fluid flow passage. A three-dimensional processing machine comprising: a temperature control fluid supply means for supplying the adjusted temperature control fluid.