JP2003057631A - Liquid crystal device and electronic machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal device in which brightness when observed from the approximately normal direction of a panel shifted from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel is improved and which enables a clear display. SOLUTION: The liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal panel 10 having a pair of substrates 17 and 28, a liquid crystal layer 15, a reflecting layer 31 and a directivity forward scattering diffraction film 18. When the angle of incidence to the normal H of the film 18 of incident light L1 incident on the film 18 from a natural lighting side is defined as θ and the diffraction angle to the normal H of the film 18 of diffracted light L6 diffracted when the incident light L1 is transmitted through the film 18 is defined as α, the film 18 is configured so that the incident light L1 and the diffracted light L6 satisfy a relation of |α|<|θ|.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention can be applied to a reflective or semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display device to eliminate display blurring and obtain a clear display. The present invention relates to a technology capable of providing an electronic device including a liquid crystal device capable of various displays.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal display device with low power consumption is widely used as a display unit in various electronic devices such as a notebook personal computer, a portable game machine and an electronic notebook. In particular, in recent years, the demand for liquid crystal display devices capable of color display has increased with the diversification of display contents. In addition, a reflective color liquid crystal display device that does not require a backlight device has been developed in order to increase the battery drive time of the electronic device.

An outline of a configuration example of a conventional reflective color liquid crystal display device will be described below with reference to the drawings.

22 (a) and 22 (b) are enlarged schematic sectional views showing a main part of a conventional reflective color liquid crystal display device.
Of these, FIG. 22A shows a front scattering plate type reflective liquid crystal display device, and FIG. 22B shows an inner surface scattering reflector type liquid crystal display device.

The liquid crystal display device of the front scattering plate type shown in FIG. 22A is provided with a liquid crystal panel 100a in which a liquid crystal layer 102 is sandwiched between a pair of glass substrates 100 and 101, and one (upper side in the drawing). A color filter 104 is provided on the surface portion of the glass substrate 101 on the liquid crystal layer 102 side. Further, on the upper surface side of the glass substrate 101, for example, a forward scattering film 105 in which metal oxide particles are dispersed as a filler in a base material made of triallyl cyanate having a thickness of 50 to 200 μm is a transparent adhesive material or an adhesive sheet ( (Not shown), and a polarizing plate 106 is provided thereon.

In such a forward scattering type reflection type liquid crystal device, incident light L1 is incident on the polarizing plate 106, the forward scattering film 105, the glass substrate 101 and the color filter 10.
4. After passing through the liquid crystal layer 102, the light reflected by the surface of the light reflection layer 103 also serving as a drive electrode is reflected, and the reflected light is reflected by the liquid crystal layer 10.
2, emitted from the liquid crystal device through the color filter 104, the glass substrate 101, the front scattering film 105, and the polarizing plate 106, and is visually recognized by the observer E as reflected light L2. Here, the light emitted from the liquid crystal device is controlled by the state of the liquid crystal layer 102, that is, the polarization state of the reflected light is controlled by the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 102, and the polarization state of the reflected light is by the polarizing plate 106. When it coincides with the polarization axis, the light is transmitted through the polarizing plate 106 to display a desired color.

The liquid crystal device of the internal scattering reflection plate type shown in FIG. 22B is provided with a liquid crystal panel 100a in which a liquid crystal layer 102 is sandwiched between a pair of glass substrates 100 and 101, and the liquid crystal of the glass substrate 100 is provided. On the surface of the layer 102 side, the light reflecting layer 10 made of an Al thin film or the like that also serves as a pixel electrode
Reference numeral 7 is formed in a state in which an uneven portion that diffusely reflects light is provided on the surface.

Here, a color filter 104 is formed on the surface of the glass substrate 101 on the light incident side on the liquid crystal layer 102 side, and a polarizing plate 106 is provided on the upper surface side of the glass substrate 101. In such an internal scattering plate type reflective liquid crystal display device, the incident light L1 passes through the polarizing plate 106, the glass substrate 101, the color filter 104, and the liquid crystal layer 102, and then has a concave-convex light reflective layer 107 also serving as a pixel electrode. After being diffused and reflected by the surface of the liquid crystal and the polarization thereof is changed depending on the state of the liquid crystal layer 102, the reflected light passes through the color filter 104, the glass substrate 101 and the polarizing plate 106, and is transmitted through the polarizing plate 106 depending on the polarization state of the reflected light. When it is made non-transmissive, and when it is transmitted, it is visually recognized as a color display by being incident on the naked eye of the observer E as scattered light L4.

By the way, in the conventional structure shown in FIG. 22 (a), the forward scattering film 105 is made up of the light reflecting layer 103.
Is a specular reflection layer, it is used for the purpose of weakening strong mirror reflection (specular reflection) in a specific direction peculiar to the specular surface and enabling bright display in as wide a range as possible.

The forward scattering film 105 of this type generally has an acrylic resin layer having a thickness of 25 to 30 μm (25 to 30 × 10 ⁻⁶ m) (for example, a refractive index n = 1.48 to
It has a structure in which a large number of beads (for example, refractive index n = 1.4) having a particle size of about 4 μm (4 × 10 ⁻⁶ m) are dispersed inside (about 1.49), and it is a reflection type for mobile phones. It is widely used in liquid crystal display devices, reflective liquid crystal display devices such as portable information devices.

As a liquid crystal display device for portable equipment, a transflective liquid crystal display device provided with a backlight is also known in addition to the reflection type. In this type of conventional transflective liquid crystal display device, the reflective layer is configured as a transflective layer, and in the case of transmissive display, the light of the backlight is transmitted by passing through the transflective layer to the viewer side. The display is configured so that reflected light can be effectively used as a reflective liquid crystal display device in a state where a backlight is not used.

[0012]

However, the above-mentioned forward scattering film 105 tends to be mixed until the different information in each different pixel is recognized by the user's eyes, and the display blurs. There is a problem that (blurring) easily occurs. This is because the incident light is reflected by the reflective layer 10 in the reflective liquid crystal display device as shown in FIG.
Since the light is passed through the front scattering film 105 twice before being reflected by the user 3 before reaching the eyes of the user and is scattered each time, it is assumed that white display and black display are performed in adjacent pixels. Due to the isotropic scattering action of the scattering film 105, the boundary between white display and black display is liable to be difficult to understand, and the display is blurred (blurred), that is, isotropic scattering is caused. Forward scattering film 105 having characteristics
The present inventor believes that the incident light L1 is diffused in all directions at the time of incidence and at the time of emission, and the diffusion at the time of emission causes blurring (blur) of the display. .

The observation point where the brightest reflection display is obtained in the liquid crystal display device using the forward scattering film 105 is the incident angle θ of incident light (the normal direction H of the liquid crystal panel 100a is 0 degree). The specular reflection direction is the direction of surface reflection, so that the viewer E observes the display while avoiding the direction of surface reflection. In this way, the brightness is low and the reflection display looks clear. There was a problem of not having. This is because the liquid crystal display device using the forward scattering film 105 described above has a peak of transmitted light at an angle β equal to the absolute value of the incident angle θ of the incident light L1. Therefore, the reflected light L2 is equal to the absolute value of the incident angle θ. Although there is a peak at the same angle β and the reflected light L2 is small at a position deviated from the emission angle β, normally, when the observer E observes the display, it is 20 with respect to the normal line H of the liquid crystal panel 10a. The reflected light L2 of the incident light L1 such as illumination light that is incident on the panel 10a with an inclination within a range of 30 degrees to 35 degrees is observed from the direction of -30 degrees to 0 degrees with the specular reflection direction deviated. The brightness is low when viewed while avoiding the emission angle β, and the display cannot be seen clearly.

Considering the display bleeding (blur) of the liquid crystal device provided with the color filter 104, the boundary of the color display tends to be difficult to discriminate, and there is a possibility that color mixing may occur, resulting in good color development. There is a risk that it will not be obtained.

Further, such a display is bleeding, or the brightness is low when viewed from the normal direction of the liquid crystal panel, which is deviated from the surface reflection direction, and the reflection display is not clearly visible, or sufficient. The situation that the color developability is not obtained also applies to the case where the transflective liquid crystal display device is used for reflective display.

Next, in the structure (inner surface scattering structure) provided with the concave-convex light-reflective 107 also serving as the pixel electrode as shown in FIG. 22B, the above-mentioned display bleeding in the forward scattering film is caused. Although it is unlikely to occur, a special processing step and man-hours are required to manufacture the uneven light-reflecting layer 107 that also serves as the pixel electrode, so that there is a problem that the manufacturing cost becomes high. In addition, in the liquid crystal display device having the inner surface scattering structure, the unevenness formed in the light reflecting layer 107 can be anisotropic, so that the brightness when observed from a direction deviating from the surface reflection direction can be improved. Anisotropy of 107 has a problem that a special manufacturing process is required as in the above case and the manufacturing cost is increased.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and can reduce display bleeding and improve display quality, enable clear display, and include an inner scattering plate. It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal device which can be simplified in structure with respect to the liquid crystal device described above and which can provide a clear display while reducing the manufacturing cost.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal device capable of improving the brightness when viewed from the direction of the normal line of the panel, which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel, and enabling clear display. To aim.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device having a display quality improved by including such a liquid crystal device.

[0020]

In order to solve the above problems, a liquid crystal device of the present invention is provided with a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between these substrates, and a liquid crystal layer side of one substrate. A reflective layer, and a liquid crystal panel comprising a directional forward scattering diffraction film provided on the opposite side of the other substrate from the liquid crystal layer side. Light is incident from the arranged light source, and in the light receiving portion arranged on the other surface side of the directional forward scattering diffractive film, of the total transmitted light transmitted through the directional forward scattering diffractive film, the diffuse transmitted light is excluded When observing the line-transmitted light, the incident angle of the incident light with respect to the normal of the directional forward scattering diffraction film is defined as a polar angle θn, and the incident light angle in the in-plane direction of the directional forward scattering diffraction film is azimuth angle. defined as φm, The maximum transmissivity of the excess light is Tmax (φ
1, θ1), and the minimum transmittance of parallel line transmitted light is Tmi
When defined as n (φ2, θ2), the polar angle and the azimuth angle indicating the maximum transmittance are set so that the incident light side in the case of the polar angle and the azimuth angle indicating the minimum transmittance is the lighting side of the liquid crystal panel. When the incident light side of the case is the observation direction side of the liquid crystal panel,
The directional forward scattering diffraction film is arranged on the liquid crystal panel.

In a liquid crystal device (reflection type liquid crystal device) provided with a directional forward scattering diffractive film, the incident light side when the polar angle and the azimuth angle showing the minimum transmittance are set to be the daylight side of the liquid crystal panel. , By arranging the directional front scattering diffractive film on the liquid crystal panel so that the incident light side showing the maximum transmittance and the incident angle side showing the azimuth angle become the observation direction side of the liquid crystal panel, The azimuth angle φ2 in the case of the minimum transmittance is the incident angle direction, and the azimuth angle φ1 in the case of the maximum transmittance of the parallel line transmitted light is the observer direction. In the case of a liquid crystal panel having a directional forward scattering diffractive film arranged in this way, light incident on the directional forward scattering diffractive film is strongly scattered or diffracted at the time of incidence, but due to the reflective layer inside the liquid crystal panel. The amount of light scattered or diffracted when passing through the directional forward scattering diffractive film after being reflected is small, so there is little effect on display blurring, and a clear display with little display blurring. The morphology is obtained.

Further, according to the liquid crystal device having such a structure, only by providing the above-mentioned directional forward scattering diffractive film on the liquid crystal panel, there is little influence on the display blur (blur), and the display blur ( Since a clear display form with less blurring can be obtained, it is not necessary to form the reflective layer in a concavo-convex shape as in the conventional inner surface scattering type liquid crystal device, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

In order to solve the above problems, the liquid crystal device of the present invention is also applicable to a semi-transmissive reflection type liquid crystal device having a semi-transmissive reflective layer in place of the reflective layer of the liquid crystal device having the above-mentioned structure. The invention structure can be applied.

The present invention is also effective in the case of performing reflective display in a liquid crystal device having a semi-transmissive reflective layer, and as in the case of the above structure, the orientation in the case of exhibiting the minimum transmittance of parallel line transmitted light. The angle φ2 is on the incident angle direction side, and the azimuth angle φ1 is the observer direction side when the maximum transmittance of parallel line transmission light is shown. If the directional forward scattering diffractive film arranged in this way is used, the light incident on the directional forward scattering diffractive film is strongly (more) scattered or diffracted at the time of incidence. The light reflected by and passing through the directional forward-scattering diffractive film is less scattered or diffracted (almost not scattered or diffracted), so that a clear display form with little display blurring can be obtained.

Further, according to the liquid crystal device having such a structure, only by providing the above-mentioned directional forward scattering diffractive film on the liquid crystal panel, there is little influence on the display blur (blur), and the display blur ( Since a clear display form with less blurring can be obtained, it is not necessary to form the semi-transmissive reflective layer in a concave-convex shape as in the conventional inner surface scattering type liquid crystal device, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

The "lighting side" means the 12 o'clock direction when observing the liquid crystal device. For example, in the case of a rectangular liquid crystal panel, the liquid crystal panel in a state where the display can be correctly observed and recognized in the vertical direction. It means the upper side (direction passing through the upper side). Further, the “observer side” means the 6 o'clock direction, and in the case of a rectangular liquid crystal panel, for example, the lower side of the liquid crystal panel (the direction through the lower side) in a state where the display can be correctly observed and recognized in the vertical direction. Is meant.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a liquid crystal device having the above-mentioned reflective layer or semi-transmissive reflective layer, wherein the maximum transmittance of the parallel line transmitted light is Tmax (φ
1, θ1), and the minimum transmittance of the parallel line transmitted light is Tmin
When (φ2, θ2), the relation of φ1 = φ2 ± 180 ° is satisfied.

In a reflective or semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device having a directional forward scattering diffraction film, φ1 = φ
By setting the relationship of 2 ± 180 °, the azimuth angle φ2 in the case of showing the minimum transmittance of the parallel line transmitted light becomes the front incident angle direction of the liquid crystal panel, and the azimuth angle in the case of showing the maximum transmittance of the parallel line transmitted light. φ1 is toward the observer center, but this relationship is 18
In the case of 0 °, the most ideal arrangement relationship is obtained. Light incident on the directional front scattering diffractive film is strongly scattered or diffracted at the time of incidence, is reflected by the reflective layer or semi-transmissive reflective layer inside the liquid crystal panel, and passes through the directional front scattering diffractive film for the second time. Since the amount of scattered or diffracted is small, a clear display form with little display blurring can be surely obtained.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is directed to the above-mentioned reflective or semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device equipped with a directional forward scattering diffraction film, from the daylighting side to the directional forward scattering diffraction. The incident angle of the incident light incident on the film with respect to the normal line of the film is defined as θ, and the diffraction angle of the diffracted light diffracted when the incident light is transmitted through the directional forward scattering diffraction film with respect to the normal line of the film is defined as α. At this time, the directional forward-scattering diffractive film is configured such that the incident light and the diffracted light satisfy the relationship of | α | <| θ |.

In the reflective or semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device, the incident light and the diffracted light are | α | <| θ |
Since the directional forward scattering diffractive film capable of satisfying the following relation is provided, it is possible to improve the brightness when observed from the normal direction of the panel which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel, and a clear display form is obtained. Is obtained. That is, when the diffraction angle | α | of the diffracted light diffracted when the incident light is transmitted through the directional front scattering diffractive film is smaller than the incident angle | θ | of the incident light, the diffracted light is The reflected light reflected by the semi-transmissive reflective layer can be strongly emitted in the angle range smaller than the specular reflection direction of the incident light, that is, the emitted light emitted to the outside through the directional forward scattering diffraction film, that is, the above. The reflected light of the diffracted light can be strongly (many) emitted in a direction close to the normal of the directional forward scattering diffraction film (in other words, the range in which the reflected light of the diffracted light is emitted is shifted toward the normal direction). Therefore, the brightness in the angle range smaller than the specular reflection direction of the incident light becomes high, and when the user (observer) observes from the normal direction of the panel which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel. , Bright and clear display can be obtained. Here, the small angle means that the absolute value of the angle from the normal direction is small.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is directed to the above-mentioned reflective or semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal device equipped with a directional forward scattering diffraction film, from the daylighting side to the directional forward scattering diffraction. The incident angle of the incident light incident on the film with respect to the normal line of the film is defined as θ, and the diffraction angle of the diffracted light diffracted when the incident light is transmitted through the directional forward scattering diffraction film with respect to the normal line of the film is defined as α. At this time, it is preferable to satisfy the relationship of 5 degrees ≦ | θ | − | α | ≦ 20 degrees.

In the above-mentioned reflection type or semi-transmission reflection type liquid crystal device, the incident light and the diffracted light are 5 degrees ≦ | θ | −
Since the directional forward-scattering diffractive film satisfying the relationship of | α | ≦ 20 degrees is provided, the brightness when observed from the normal direction of the panel, which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel, is ensured. And a clear display form can be obtained.

The observation angle γ (angle from the normal to the liquid crystal panel) at which the user (observer) observes the display of the liquid crystal device.
Then, the absolute value of the observation angle γ is usually smaller than the absolute value of the incident angle θ (angle from the normal to the liquid crystal panel) of the incident light incident on the liquid crystal panel, and The absolute value | γ | is 5 to 20 from the absolute value of the incident angle | θ |
Since the difference between | θ | and | α | is in the range of 5 to 20 degrees, the reflected light of the diffracted light is 5 to 20 degrees from the regular reflection direction of the incident light. The light can be emitted strongly toward the normal direction, and a bright and clear display can be obtained when the display is observed at an observation angle | γ | that is 5 to 20 degrees smaller than | θ |.

The directional forward scattering diffraction film may be composed of a hologram.

Further, in the liquid crystal device of the present invention having any one of the above constitutions, liquid crystal driving electrodes are provided on the liquid crystal layer of the one substrate and the liquid crystal layer side of the other substrate. Good.

According to the liquid crystal device having such a structure, it is possible to control the alignment state of the liquid crystal by the electrodes sandwiching the liquid crystal layer, and switch between display, non-display and halftone display.

Further, in the liquid crystal device of the present invention having any one of the above structures, a color filter may be provided from one of the pair of substrates to the one liquid crystal layer side.

According to the liquid crystal device having such a structure, color display can be performed by providing a color filter, and by adopting any one of the structures described above, the display bleeding is small.
What has a clear color display is obtained.

Further, in the liquid crystal device of the present invention having any one of the above constitutions, irregularities may be formed on the surface of the reflection layer or the semi-transmissive reflection layer.

Normally, even if the surface of the reflection layer has an uneven shape, the direction of specular reflection becomes brightest as in the conventional forward scattering type. Therefore, the observer observes the liquid crystal panel at an angle deviated from this direction.

When a reflective layer or a semi-transmissive reflective layer having such unevenness formed on the surface is provided in the liquid crystal panel,
By utilizing the diffracted light generated when the incident light passes through the directional forward scattering diffractive film, a bright color display with little blurring can be obtained without worrying about the specularly reflected light on the liquid crystal panel surface.

Further, in the liquid crystal device of the present invention having any one of the above constitutions, the planar light emission for emitting the illumination light to the liquid crystal panel side on the side opposite to the other substrate side of the directional front scattering diffractive film. A body may be provided.

In the liquid crystal device having such a structure, the illumination light emitted from the planar light-emitting body passes through the directional forward scattering diffractive film and enters the liquid crystal panel in an angle range smaller than the specular reflection direction of the incident light. The brightness is increased, and a bright and clear display is obtained when the user (observer) observes from a direction substantially normal to the panel, which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel.

Further, in the liquid crystal device of the present invention having any one of the above-mentioned constitutions, an input device which is formed by having at least one substrate and which detects a position coordinate by an input by pressing the substrate surface is provided. It may be provided on the side opposite to the other substrate side of the directional front scattering diffraction film of the liquid crystal device or on the side opposite to the directional front scattering diffraction film side of the planar light-emitting body.

In the liquid crystal device of the present invention having any one of the above-mentioned constitutions, the other side of the directional front scattering diffraction film opposite to the other substrate side, or the directional front scattering diffraction film of the planar light-emitting body. A light transmissive protective plate may be provided on the side opposite to the side, on the side opposite to the side of the directional forward scattering diffraction film of the input device, or on the side opposite to the planar light-emitting body of the input device.

The directional forward-scattering diffractive film is a film in which a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer are alternately laminated obliquely with respect to the normal direction of the film surface, and thus causes directional scattering diffraction or diffraction. Can be made.

The directional forward scattering diffraction film preferably has a haze in the direction normal to the film surface of 5% or more and 40% or less. By doing so, since the light reflected in the normal direction of the liquid crystal device in the reflective layer or the semi-transmissive reflective layer does not cause strong scattering, a bright and clear reflective display without display bleeding or blurring can be obtained.

Further, in the liquid crystal device of the present invention, a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between these substrates, a reflective layer provided on the liquid crystal layer side of one substrate, and a liquid crystal layer of the other substrate. A liquid crystal panel comprising a directional forward scattering diffraction film provided on the opposite side to the side, wherein the directional forward scattering diffraction film has a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer in the direction normal to the film surface. On the other hand, it is a film that is alternately laminated obliquely, and the reflective layer has fine irregularities.

When a reflective layer or a semi-transmissive reflective layer having such unevenness formed on the surface is provided in the liquid crystal panel,
The unevenness eliminates the mirror feeling of the reflective layer or the semi-transmissive reflective layer,
Since the incident light can be diffracted and scattered by the directional forward scattering diffractive film, a bright and clear color display with little blurring can be obtained without worrying about the specularly reflected light on the liquid crystal panel surface.

In order to solve the above problems, the electronic equipment of the present invention is characterized by including the liquid crystal device of the present invention having any one of the above configurations as a display means.

Such an electronic apparatus can reduce display bleeding and improve display quality, can perform clear display, and simplifies the configuration with respect to a liquid crystal device having an inner scattering plate. And a liquid crystal device that has the advantage of being able to reduce the manufacturing cost while providing a clear display, or in addition to the above advantages, the brightness when observed from the normal direction of the panel, which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel. By providing a liquid crystal device capable of improving the display quality and providing a clear display, it is possible to obtain a display device having a bright and clear display and improved display quality.

[0052]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(First Embodiment of Liquid Crystal Device) A liquid crystal device of a first embodiment according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 is a plan view showing a first embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a simple matrix type reflective liquid crystal device, and FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal device shown in FIG. 1 taken along the line AA. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a color filter portion built in the liquid crystal display device. A liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal device) as a final product is configured by mounting auxiliary elements such as a liquid crystal driving IC and a support to the liquid crystal device of this embodiment.

In the liquid crystal device of this embodiment, a pair of substrate units 13 each having a rectangular shape in plan view are attached so as to be opposed to each other with a cell gap therebetween with an annular sealing material 12 interposed therebetween. , 14 and a liquid crystal layer 15 sandwiched and sandwiched between them with the sealing material 12
The liquid crystal panel 11 including the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18, the retardation plate 19 and the polarizing plate 16 provided on the upper surface side of the one (upper side in FIG. 2) substrate unit 13 is mainly configured. Of the substrate units 13 and 14, the substrate unit 13 is the front side (upper side) substrate unit provided facing the observer side, and the substrate unit 14 is the opposite side, in other words, the back side (lower side) substrate unit. Is.

The upper substrate unit 13 has a transparent substrate 17 made of a transparent material such as glass, and a directivity provided on the front side of the transparent substrate 17 (upper side in FIG. 2, observer side). Forward scattering diffraction film 18, retardation plate 19
And the polarizing plate 16 and the color filter layer 2 sequentially formed on the back side of the transparent substrate 17 (in other words, the liquid crystal layer 15 side).
0, the overcoat layer 21, and the overcoat layer 21
In, the liquid crystal layer 15 side surface is provided with a plurality of stripe-shaped electrode layers 23 for driving the liquid crystal. In an actual liquid crystal device, an alignment film is formed so as to cover the liquid crystal layer 15 side of the electrode layer 23 and the liquid crystal layer 15 side of a striped electrode layer 35 on the lower substrate side described later, respectively. Then, these alignment films are omitted and the description thereof is omitted, and the illustration and description of the alignment films are omitted also in the other embodiments described below. Further, the sectional structure of the liquid crystal device shown in FIG. 2 and each of the following drawings is shown by adjusting the thickness of each layer to a thickness different from the actual liquid crystal device so that each layer can be easily seen in the figure.

In the present embodiment, each of the driving electrode layers 23 on the upper substrate side is made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) in a stripe shape in a plan view, and is a liquid crystal panel. The necessary number is formed according to the ten display areas and the number of pixels.

In the present embodiment, the color filter layer 20 is provided on the lower surface of the upper substrate 17 (in other words, the surface on the liquid crystal layer 15 side) with a black mask 26 for blocking light, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. Each RGB pattern 27 for color display
Is formed. The overcoat layer 21 is covered as a transparent protective flattening film that protects the RGB patterns 27.

Such a black mask 26 has a thickness of 100 to 20 by, for example, a sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method or the like.
It is formed by patterning a metal thin film of chromium or the like having a thickness of about 0 nm. Each pattern 27 of RGB has a red pattern (R), a green pattern (G), and a blue pattern (B).
Are arranged in a desired pattern shape, and are formed by various methods such as a pigment dispersion method using a photosensitive resin containing a predetermined coloring material, various printing methods, electrodeposition methods, transfer methods, dyeing methods, etc. ing.

On the other hand, the lower substrate unit 14 has a substrate 28 made of a transparent material such as glass or another opaque material, and a front surface side of the substrate 28 (an upper surface side in FIG. 2, in other words, a liquid crystal layer 15 side) in this order. The reflective layer 31 and the overcoat layer 33 are formed, and a plurality of stripe driving electrode layers 35 are formed on the surface of the overcoat layer 33 on the liquid crystal layer 15 side. These electrode layers 35
In the same manner as in the above electrode layer 23, the necessary number is formed according to the display area and the number of pixels of the liquid crystal panel 10.

Next, the reflective layer 31 of the present embodiment is made of a metal material such as Ag or Al having excellent light reflectivity and conductivity, and is formed on the substrate 28 by a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method. is there. However, it is not essential that the reflective layer 31 is made of a conductive material, and a structure in which a drive electrode layer made of a conductive material is provided separately from the reflective layer 31 and the reflective layer 31 and the drive electrode are separately provided may be adopted. Absent.

Next, the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 attached to the upper substrate unit 13 will be described in detail below.

The directional forward-scattering diffractive film 18 used in this embodiment has the following basic structure.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2000-035506 and 2000-0660
26, the forward scattering film having directivity disclosed in JP-A-2000-180607 and the like can be appropriately used. For example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-035506, a resin sheet which is a mixture of two or more kinds of photopolymerizable monomers or oligomers having different refractive indexes from each other is irradiated with an ultraviolet ray from an oblique direction, A hologram photosensitive material having a function of efficiently scattering only a wide direction and a function of efficiently diffracting only a specific direction, or a hologram photosensitive material as an on-line holographic diffusion sheet disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-066026. What was manufactured by irradiating a laser to a region having a partially different refractive index to have a layered structure can be appropriately used.

The directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 used in this embodiment is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-07700.
No. 1, JP-A-1-147405, and JP-A-1-14705.
147406, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-54201, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-107901, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-107902.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-156402 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-2
The light control plate proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 20205 may be used. Specifically, Lumisty (trade name) manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. may be mentioned. In particular, Lumisty LCY1060 having a small haze in the film normal direction is preferable.

The directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 used in this embodiment has various parameters such as parallel line transmittance described below in a specific positional relationship suitable for a liquid crystal display device.

First, as shown in FIG. 4, the directional forward scattering diffraction film 18 having a rectangular shape in plan view is horizontally installed. In FIG. 4, the horizontal installation state is easy to explain, so the horizontal installation state will be described. However, the direction in which the directional forward scattering diffraction film 18 is installed is not limited to the horizontal direction, and may be any direction. The positional relationship among the light source K, the light receiving portion J, and the directional forward scattering diffraction film 18 (polar angle θn, which will be described later,
It is only necessary to be able to clearly determine the azimuth angle φm). In this embodiment, a horizontal installation of the directional front scattering diffractive film 18 will be described as an example in which the direction can be easily understood in the description.

In FIG. 4, the case where the incident light L1 from the light source K is incident from the diagonally upper right rear side of the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 toward the origin O at the central portion of the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 is shown. Suppose. Then, a measurement system is assumed in which a light receiving portion J such as an optical sensor receives the transmitted light that passes through the origin O of the directional front scattering diffraction film 18, passes through the directional front scattering diffraction film 18, and goes straight.

Here, the directional forward scattering diffraction film 18
In order to identify the direction of the incident light L1 on the directional front scattering diffractive film 18, the directional front scattering diffractive film 18 is divided into four rectangular shapes by the coordinate axes of 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° as shown in FIG. Assuming coordinates passing through the origin O of the directional front scattering diffraction film 18 (in other words, the center of each side of the directional front scattering diffraction film 18 is divided into four equal parts so that one end of the coordinate axis passes). The horizontal rotation angle (the clockwise angle from the 0 ° coordinate axis is +, and the counterclockwise angle from the 0 ° coordinate axis is −) of the incident light L1 vertically projected on the surface of the azimuth angle φm. Define. Next, with respect to the direction of the incident light L1 which is horizontally projected on the vertical plane (the plane indicated by the symbol M1 in FIG. 4) including the coordinate axis of 0 ° and the coordinate axis of 180 °, the normal H of the directional front scattering diffractive film and The angle formed by the incident light L
It is defined as the polar angle θn of 1. In other words, the polar angle θn represents the incident angle of the incident light L1 in the vertical plane with respect to the directional forward scattering diffraction film 18 installed horizontally, and the azimuth angle φ corresponds to the rotation angle of the incident light L1 in the horizontal plane.

In this state, for example, when the polar angle of the incident light L1 is 0 ° and the azimuth angle is 0 °, the incident light L1 is incident on the directional front film 18 at a right angle as shown in FIG. (Incoming from the normal direction), the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 is in the state shown by reference numeral 18 in FIG. 5, and when the polar angle θn is + 60 °, the directivity of the light source K, the light receiving portion J, and The positional relationship with the front film 18 is as shown by reference numeral 18A in FIG.
8 is arranged, and when the polar angle θn is -60 °, the light source K, the light receiving portion J, the directional forward scattering diffraction film 1
The positional relationship with 8 means that the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 is placed as shown by reference numeral 18B.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6A, the incident light L1 emitted from a light source installed on one surface side (left side in FIG. 6A) of the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 is directional forward. When the light passes through the scattering diffraction film 18 and exits to the other surface side of the directional front scattering diffraction film 18 (right side in FIG. 6A), the light scattered on one surface side (left side) of the directional front scattering diffraction film 18 The light transmitted through the directional front scattering diffraction film 18 is referred to as backscattered light LR, and the forward scattered light (in the present invention, this forward scattered light is diffracted when passing through the directional front scattering diffraction film 18 and has directivity). The diffracted light transmitted to the other surface side (right side) of the forward scattering diffractive film 18 is also included.). The forward scattered light that has passed through the directional forward scattering diffraction film 18 (this forward scattered light also includes diffracted light) is directed in the same direction with an angle error of ± 2 ° or less with respect to the traveling direction of the incident light L1. Regarding the light intensity of the forward scattered light L3 that travels straight, the ratio to the light intensity of the incident light L1 is defined as parallel line transmittance, and further ± 2
Regarding the light intensity of forward scattered light (which includes diffracted light) LT that is obliquely diffused to the surrounding side beyond 0 °, the ratio with respect to the light intensity of the incident light L1 is defined as the diffuse transmittance, and is transmitted. The ratio of the total light to the incident light is defined as the total light transmittance. From the above definition, it can be defined that the parallel line transmittance is obtained by subtracting the diffuse transmittance from the total light transmittance. In order to facilitate understanding of the above description, the incident light L1, the azimuth angle φm, and the parallel line transmitted light L are also shown in FIG.
The relationship of 3 was shown.

In the field of optics, haze
Although a transmittance scale called as is generally known, the haze is a value obtained by dividing the diffuse transmittance by the total light transmittance and displaying the percentage, and the parallel line transmittance used in the present embodiment. Is a completely different definition of a concept.

Next, when the maximum transmittance of parallel line transmittance is marked by using the polar angle θn and the azimuth angle φm, Tmax (φ
1, θ1), and the minimum transmittance of parallel line transmittance is defined as Tmin (φ2, θ2). In other words, due to the property of the directional forward scattering diffractive film, the condition that the maximum transmittance is the condition that the scattering (including the diffraction) is the weakest, and the condition that the minimum transmittance is the most the scattering (the diffraction is also included). Is included) is a strong condition.

For example, suppose that polar angle θn = 0 ° and azimuth angle φm =
When the maximum transmittance is shown at 0 °, Tmax (0,0)
Is marked as. (This means that the parallel line transmittance along the normal direction of the directional forward scattering diffraction film is maximum. In other words, the scattering and diffraction along the normal direction of the directional forward scattering diffraction film are the weakest. In addition, when the minimum transmittance is shown at the polar angle θn = 10 ° and the azimuth angle φm = 45 °, it is marked as Tmin (10,45). In this case, scattering or diffraction in this direction is indicated. Means the strongest.

Based on the above definition, each characteristic of the directional forward scattering diffraction film 18 which is preferably applied to the liquid crystal device will be described below.

As described above, in the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18, the angle at which the parallel line transmittance has the maximum transmittance is the angle at which the scattering and diffraction are weakest, and the angle at which the minimum transmittance is the most is the scattering and diffraction. The angle at which diffraction is strong.

In other words, as shown in FIG. 2, in the reflective liquid crystal device, ambient light with respect to the liquid crystal panel 10 is used as incident light L1, and this incident light L1 enters the liquid crystal panel 10 and is reflected by the reflection layer 31. Considering that an observer recognizes the light reflected by the reflected light as reflected light, the light enters the liquid crystal panel 10 from the direction in which scattering or diffraction is strong when the light is incident (in other words, the direction in which the parallel line transmittance is low) on the coordinate axis of FIG. When the light is turned on and the observer observes the reflected light from the direction in which the scattering or diffraction is weak (in other words, the direction in which the parallel line transmittance is high), it is possible to obtain a state with less blurring of the display. Conceivable. This was discovered by the present inventors,
The first scattering at the time of incidence on the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 is unlikely to affect display bleeding (blur),
This is based on the finding that the scattering of the reflected light when it passes through the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 for the second time has a large influence on the blurring of the display.

That is, in this embodiment, when the incident light L1 passes through the directional forward scattering film 18 for the first time, it is better to scatter or diffract the light to prevent specular reflection (mirror reflection) of the reflection layer 31. This is preferable for the purpose of obtaining a bright display with a wide viewing angle, and further, when the light reflected by the reflective layer 31 inside the liquid crystal device passes through the directional front scattering diffractive film 18 for the second time. This is because it is considered that less scattering or diffraction is preferable in order to reduce display bleeding (blur). Therefore, in the characteristics of the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18, the polar angle and the azimuth angle showing the minimum transmittance,
In other words, it is preferable to direct the polar angle and the azimuth angle direction of the incident light having the strongest scattering and diffraction to the daylighting side of the liquid crystal panel 10, in other words, to the side opposite to the observer side, and the parallel line transmittance is the maximum transmittance. The polar angle and the azimuth angle, that is, the incident light angle and the incident direction where the scattering and the diffraction are weakest are shown on the liquid crystal panel 1.
It is necessary to turn to the observer side of 0.

FIG. 6B shows the sectional structure of the directional forward scattering diffraction film 18 used in this embodiment, and the above polar angle and azimuth angle states will be described.

As shown in FIG. 6B, the cross-sectional structural model of the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 used in this embodiment has a directional forward scattering diffractive film having a refractive index of n1 and a refractive index of n2. The cross-sectional structure of 18 has a predetermined angle and is alternately arranged in layers in a diagonal direction. Directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 of this structure
Supposing that the incident light L1 is incident from a diagonal direction with an appropriate polar angle, the incident light L1 is scattered or diffracted at the boundary portion between the layers having different refractive indices, and a part of the scattered light or the diffracted light is generated in the liquid crystal layer 15. When the reflected light R1 passes through the liquid crystal layer 15 and is reflected by the reflection layer 31, the reflected light R1 tries to pass through the directional front scattering diffractive film 18 at a polar angle different from that of the incident light L1. The reflected light R1 here can pass through the directional front-scattering diffractive film 18 with little scattering or diffraction.

In order to satisfy such a relationship, the relationship between azimuth angles φ1 and φ2 is φ1 = φ2 ± 1
Most preferably, it is 80 °. This means that φ2 is the incident angle direction and φ1 is the observation direction, and these angles differ by 180 ° when applied in an actual liquid crystal device. In this case, the light incident on the liquid crystal device is strongly scattered or diffracted at the time of incidence, and the light reflected by the reflection layer 31 is difficult to be scattered or diffracted, so that a sharp display form without display blurring can be obtained. To be However, considering that the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 in which layers having different refractive indices are alternately arranged in a layered manner in a diagonal direction with a predetermined angle as described above is not systematically completely uniform, Azimuth φ1 and φ2
The relationship of φ1 = φ2 ± 180 ° is ideal, but on the basis of the relationship of φ1 = φ2 ± 180 °, the present invention includes a deviation from the angle of approximately ± 10 °. . If this angle is deviated by more than ± 10 °, it becomes difficult to obtain a sharp display form without display blurring.

Next, the above (Tmax / Tmin) value is (Tma).
It is preferable to satisfy the relationship of x / Tmin) ≧ 2. With this relationship, sufficient scattering and diffraction can be obtained at the time of incidence, and bright and sharp reflective display can be obtained. Further, by satisfying this relationship, it is possible to realize a brighter reflective display than in the case of using a conventionally known isotropic scattering film.

Next, looking at the polar angles θ1 and θ2 individually, in order to obtain a display brighter than that of the isotropic scattering film,
-40 ° ≤ θ1 <0 ° and 0 ° <θ2 ≤ + 40 °, more preferably -30 ° ≤ θ1 ≤ -10 °, and
The range of 10 ° ≦ θ2 ≦ 30 ° is preferable.

Next, the parallel line transmittance in the normal direction of the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 (right in front) is defined as T (0,0). To obtain a bright display, θ1 = -20 °,
When θ2 = 20 °, T (0,0) is 3% or more, 50
% Or less, and more preferably T (0,0) is 5% or more and 40% or less. T (0,
When 0) is less than 3%, the scattering and diffraction are too strong and the display is blurred. When T (0,0) is more than 40%, the scattering and diffraction on the front side are too weak and the reflection is close to mirror reflection.

Next, when the azimuth angle φm of the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 is defined as a range of φ1 ± 60 ° (φ2 ± 60 °), the maximum parallel line transmittance is always taken as θ1 and θ
It is preferable that the parallel line transmittance has a minimum value of 2 and the ratio of the maximum value to the minimum value is 1.5 or more. If it has such characteristics, not only in one direction of φ2,
Since it can scatter and diffract light up to ± 60 ° in azimuth, it becomes easy to deal with each environment.
A bright reflective display can be realized.

Next, the polar angle θn in the direction orthogonal to the azimuth angle φ1 showing the maximum transmittance and the azimuth angle φ2 showing the minimum transmittance.
Is changed from −40 ° to + 40 °, if the parallel line transmittance is equal to or higher than the normal direction transmittance of the directional front scattering film in this range, the liquid crystal device is observed from the lateral direction. It is possible to obtain a sharp display without blurring of the display. That is, T (0,0) ≦ T (φ
1 (90, θ), and T (0,0) ≦ T (φ
It is preferable to satisfy the relationship of 2 ± 90, θ).

Next, the polar angle θn is −60 ° ≦ θ ≦ + 60 °
In the range, the parallel line transmittance T (φ, θ) is 2% or more, and preferably 50% or less. That is, 2%
≦ T (φ, θ) ≦ 50%, but −60 ° ≦ θ ≦ + 60 °
It is preferable to satisfy the relationship. With such a relationship, it is possible to obtain a bright and sharp reflective display with no display blurring.

The liquid crystal device of the present embodiment has a liquid crystal panel 10
Only by providing the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 as described above, there is little influence on display bleeding (blur), and a clear display form with little display bleeding (blur) can be obtained. Unlike the liquid crystal device, the reflective layer does not have to be uneven, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Next, as described above, the polar angle at which the parallel line transmittance shows the minimum transmittance and the azimuth angle direction are directed toward the daylighting side of the liquid crystal panel 10, and the parallel line transmittance shows the maximum transmittance. In the directional front scattering diffractive film 18 arranged so that the azimuth direction is directed to the viewer side of the liquid crystal panel 10,
As shown in FIG. 2, the incident angle of the incident light L1 incident on the directional forward scattering diffraction film 18 from the light-collecting side through the polarizing plate 16 and the retardation plate 19 of the liquid crystal panel 10 with respect to the normal line H of the film 18. Is θ, and the diffracted light L6 diffracted when the incident light L1 is transmitted through the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 is
When the diffraction angle with respect to the normal line H of the film 18 is defined as α, the absolute value of the diffraction angle α of the diffracted light L6 is smaller than the absolute value of the incident angle θ of the incident light L1, that is, | α | <| θ
It is preferable that the relationship | is satisfied.

Thus, the incident light L1 and the diffracted light L6 are | α
When the liquid crystal device is provided with the directional front scattering diffractive film 18 satisfying the relationship of | <| θ |, the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel 10 (the reflected light R1 in which the diffracted light L6 is reflected by the reflective layer 31 is reflected. The angle from the normal line H of the panel 10 is deviated from the direction of the same magnitude as the absolute value of the incident angle θ of the incident light L1). Is obtained.

It is the incident light L1 made incident from the daylighting side.
Is the diffraction angle | α | of the diffracted light L6 that is diffracted when it is transmitted through the directional front-scattering diffractive film 18.
If it is smaller than θ |, the reflected light R1 obtained by reflecting the diffracted light L6 on the reflective layer 31 passes through the directional front scattering diffractive film 18 and is emitted to the outside of the liquid crystal panel 10, and the reflected light R1 is specularly reflected by the incident light L1. It is possible to strongly emit in the angle range smaller than the direction, that is, it is possible to strongly emit the reflected light R1 of the diffracted light L6 in the direction close to the normal line H of the directional front scattering diffractive film 18 (in other words, the diffracted light L6). The range in which the reflected light R1 is emitted can be shifted toward the normal direction H), so that the luminance in the angular range smaller than the regular reflection direction of the incident light L1 becomes high, and the user (observer) E
A bright and clear display can be obtained when observed from a direction H of the liquid crystal panel 10 which is deviated from the surface reflection direction.

In the liquid crystal device of this embodiment, the incident light L1 that has entered the liquid crystal panel 10 is diffracted when passing through the directional front scattering diffractive film 18, but this diffracted light L6 is further transparent. Substrate 17, color filter layer 20,
After passing through the overcoat layer 21, the electrode layer 23, the liquid crystal layer 15, the electrode layer 35 (the diffracted light L6 may not pass through the electrode layer 35) and the overcoat layer 33, the reflection layer 31.
Of the diffracted light L6 before being reflected by the reflecting layer 31, the | α |
Is an angle including the refraction caused by the passage of.

Explaining with a specific example, normally, when the user (observer) E observes the display of the liquid crystal device, it is within a range of 20 to 35 degrees with respect to the normal line H of the liquid crystal panel 10. Incident light L1 such as illumination light that obliquely enters the liquid crystal panel 10.
Observing the reflected light R1 from the direction of -30 degrees to 0 degrees with respect to the normal line H deviating from the regular reflection direction (range of -20 degrees to -35 degrees with respect to the normal line H (observation of the observer E) The angle γ is in the range of −30 degrees to 0 degrees with respect to the normal line H). Therefore, the angle of diffraction α of the diffracted light L6 diffracted when the incident light L1 incident from the light-collecting side passes through the directional front scattering diffractive film 18 is smaller than −35 ° to −20 ° with respect to the normal line H ( When | α | is a value smaller than 35 degrees to 20 degrees with respect to the normal line, the reflected light R1 of the diffracted light L6 (the emitted light R1 emitted from the liquid crystal panel 10 to the outside of the reflected light R1).
Also within an angle range of less than -35 degrees to -20 degrees with respect to the normal line H (within an angle range where the absolute value of the angle α2 of the reflected light R1 of the diffracted light L6 with respect to the normal line H is less than 35 degrees to 20 degrees). ), That is, the reflected light R1 of the diffracted light L6
Can be strongly (more) emitted in an angle range smaller than the regular reflection direction of the incident light L1 (in other words, the range in which the reflected light R1 of the diffracted light L6 is emitted can be shifted toward the normal direction H). . Thereby, the incident light L1
The luminance in the angle range smaller than the specular reflection direction (the range in which the absolute value of the angle with respect to the normal line H is smaller than 35 degrees to 20 degrees) becomes high, and the user (observer) E makes the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel 10. A bright and clear display can be obtained when observed from a direction H, which is deviated from the normal direction of the panel.

The direction of the incident light L1 incident from the left side with respect to the normal line H in FIG. 2 is defined as +, and the direction of the incident light L1 incident from the right side with respect to the normal line H is −.
I am trying. The direction of the emitted light (reflected light) R1 emitted to the left with respect to the normal line H in FIG.
The direction of the emitted light (reflected light) R1 emitted to the right is negative. Further, the observation direction (observation angle) viewed from the left side with respect to the normal line H in FIG. 2 is +, and the observation direction (observation angle) viewed from the right side with respect to the normal line H is −.

Furthermore, it is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel 10 that the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 satisfies the relationship of 5 degrees ≦ | θ | − | α | ≦ 20 degrees. Moreover, it is preferable in that the brightness when observed from the normal direction H of the panel can be surely improved and a clear display form can be obtained.

When the user (observer) E makes an observation angle γ (angle from the normal line H of the liquid crystal panel 10) at which the display of the liquid crystal device is observed, the absolute value of the observation angle γ is usually the one. Is the incident angle θ of the incident light L1 incident on the liquid crystal panel 10.
Is smaller than the absolute value of (the angle from the normal line H of the liquid crystal panel 10), and the absolute value of the observation angle γ is the absolute value of the incident angle |
Since it is often 5 to 20 degrees smaller than θ |
When the difference between θ | and the above | α | is in the range of 5 degrees to 20 degrees, the reflected light R1 of the diffracted light L6 is stronger from the regular reflection direction of the incident light L1 toward the normal direction of 5 degrees to 20 degrees. (A lot) can be emitted, and when the display is observed at an observation angle | γ | that is 5 to 20 degrees smaller than the absolute value of the incident angle | θ |, a bright and clear display can be obtained.

(Second Embodiment of Liquid Crystal Device) FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view showing a liquid crystal panel 40 included in a liquid crystal device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

The liquid crystal panel 40 of this embodiment is the same as that shown in FIG.
~ It has a reflection type simple matrix structure provided with the directional forward scattering diffraction film 18 like the liquid crystal device of the first embodiment described based on Fig. 3, and the basic structure is the same as that of the first embodiment. Therefore, the same components are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description of those components will be omitted. Hereinafter, different components will be mainly described.

The liquid crystal panel 40 included in the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment is constructed by sandwiching the liquid crystal layer 15 between the substrate units 41 and 42 facing each other, surrounded by the sealant 12. The upper substrate unit 41 is the same as the substrate unit 13 of the first embodiment, except that the color filter layer 20 is omitted.
Is laminated on the reflective layer 31 of the lower substrate unit 42 on the opposite side, and the structure of this portion is different from the structure of the first embodiment. That is, the liquid crystal panel 40 shown in FIG.
In the first embodiment, the color filter layer 20 provided on the upper side (observer side) of the substrate unit 13 is replaced with the substrate unit 4 on the lower side (opposite side of the observer) of the liquid crystal layer 15.
It is a structure provided on the second side. The structure of the color filter layer 20 is the same as that of the first embodiment, but since the color filter layer 20 is formed on the upper surface side of the substrate 28, the structure shown in FIG.
The laminated structure of the color filter layer 20 shown in is upside down with respect to the state of FIG.

Also in the structure of the second embodiment, the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 is provided in the same manner as the structure of the first embodiment described above, and therefore, in the first bleeding (blur) of the reflective display, The same effect as that of the structure of the embodiment can be obtained.

Further, only by providing the liquid crystal panel 40 with the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 as described above, there is little influence on display blurring (blur), and a clear display form with little display blurring is obtained. Therefore, unlike the conventional inner-scattering type liquid crystal device, the reflecting layer does not have to be uneven, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Further, this directional forward scattering diffraction film 1
8 is the same as the structure of the first embodiment, the incident light L1 incident on the film 18 from the light collecting side, and the diffracted light L6 of this incident light L1 satisfy the above relation | α | <| θ | As such, it is possible to improve the brightness when observed from the normal direction H of the panel 10 which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel 10, and a clear display form is obtained.

In the liquid crystal device shown in FIG. 7, the reflective layer 3
Since the color filter layer 20 is formed immediately above the liquid crystal panel 1, light incident on the liquid crystal panel 40 reaches the reflective layer 31 via the liquid crystal layer 15 and immediately passes through the color filter 32 after being reflected. It has a feature that the problem of misalignment is unlikely to occur.

(Third Embodiment of Liquid Crystal Device) FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view showing a liquid crystal panel 50 included in a liquid crystal device of a third embodiment according to the present invention.

The liquid crystal panel 50 provided in the liquid crystal device of this embodiment is replaced with a semi-transparent liquid crystal panel 50 in place of the reflective layer 31 provided in the liquid crystal panel 10 of the first embodiment described with reference to FIGS. A semi-transmissive reflective type simple matrix structure having a substrate unit 55 provided with a transmissive reflective layer 52,
In the other basic structure, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description of those components will be omitted. Hereinafter, different components will be mainly described.

The liquid crystal panel 50 is different from the structure of the first embodiment in that a semi-transmissive reflective layer 52 is provided, and a backlight or the like is provided on the rear side of the liquid crystal panel 50 (lower side in FIG. 8). The light source (illuminator) 60 is disposed, and the phase difference plate 56 and the polarizing plate 57 are disposed.

When the liquid crystal display device is used as the transmissive type, the lower substrate 28 'needs to be made of a translucent substrate such as glass.

The semi-transmissive reflection layer 52 is a semi-transmissive reflection layer (for example, several hundreds) having a sufficient thickness to allow transmitted light emitted from a light source 60 such as a back light (lower side in FIG. 8) to pass through. Widely used in semi-transmissive reflection type liquid crystal display devices such as a thin film Al and a thin film Ag having a thickness of angstrom) or a structure in which a large number of minute through holes are formed in a part of a reflective film to enhance light transmission. What is used can be appropriately adopted.

In the liquid crystal device of the third embodiment, when the transmitted light from the light source 60 such as a backlight is used, a transmissive liquid crystal display form is used, and when the light from the light source is not used, ambient light is displayed. By performing the reflective display used, it can be used as a reflective liquid crystal display device.

When the display form as the reflection type liquid crystal display device is adopted, as in the case of the first embodiment, the presence of the directional front scattering diffractive film 18 eliminates the blurring of the display. It is possible to obtain a sharp and reflective display form. In addition, the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment,
Only by providing the liquid crystal panel 50 with the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 as described above, there is little influence on display bleeding (blurring), and a clear display form with less display bleeding (blurring) can be obtained. Unlike the inner surface scattering type liquid crystal device, the reflecting layer does not have to be uneven, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 has the same incident light L1 that is incident on the film 18 from the daylighting side and the incident light L1 as in the structure of the first embodiment.
Since the diffracted light L6 of is satisfying the above relationship | α | <| θ |, the luminance when observed from the normal direction H of the panel 10 which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel 10. And a clear display form can be obtained.

(Fourth Embodiment of Liquid Crystal Device) FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view showing a liquid crystal panel 10a included in a liquid crystal device of a fourth embodiment according to the present invention.

The liquid crystal panel 10a included in the liquid crystal device of this embodiment is replaced with a fine layer instead of the reflective layer 31 provided in the liquid crystal panel 10 of the first embodiment described with reference to FIGS. Reflection layer 31 having a rough surface 31b formed on its surface
It is of a reflection type simple matrix structure having a substrate unit 14a provided with a, and in the other basic structure, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and their components are described. Will be omitted and different components will be mainly described below.

The liquid crystal panel 10a differs from the structure of the first embodiment in that a reflective layer 31a having fine irregularities 31b formed on the surface thereof is provided, and the substrate 28a underlying the reflective layer 31a is further provided. Fine unevenness 28b on the surface
Is formed. Therefore, in this embodiment,
The overcoat layer 33 provided in the first embodiment is not interposed between the substrate 28a and the reflective layer 31a.

In the liquid crystal device of this embodiment, the reflective layer 31
As an example of means for forming the fine irregularities 31b on a,
For example, by forming fine irregularities 28b on the surface of the substrate 28a and forming a metal thin film thereon, the substrate 28a
A method of forming an uneven surface by reflecting it on the metal thin film of the fine unevenness 28b on the surface of a can be mentioned. Specifically, a so-called frost method in which the surface of a glass substrate for the substrate 28a is etched using hydrofluoric acid, and a sandblast method in which unevenness is formed by hitting fine particles on the glass substrate are known. In the frost method, a deposit of a specific element is attached to the surface of the glass substrate for the substrate 28a by a saturated solution containing an excess of glass composition elements, and the glass surface is selectively etched by the etchability of the deposit and the supersaturated solution. This is a method of forming fine irregularities. By forming at least a metal thin film on the concavo-convex surface of the glass surface thus formed, the reflection layer 31a having fine concavities and convexities 31b on the surface can be obtained. Moreover, you may form unevenness using a photopolymer.

In the liquid crystal device of the fourth embodiment, as in the case of the first embodiment described above, the presence of the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 eliminates the bleeding (blur) of the display, which is a sharp reflection type. A display form can be obtained.

Further, this directional forward scattering diffraction film 1
8 is the same as the structure of the first embodiment, the incident light L1 incident on the film 18 from the light collecting side, and the diffracted light L6 of this incident light L1 satisfy the above relation | α | <| θ | As such, it is possible to improve the brightness when observed from the normal direction H of the panel 10 which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel 10a, and a clear display form can be obtained.

Further, in the liquid crystal device of this embodiment, since the fine irregularities 31b are formed on the surface of the reflection layer 31a provided in the liquid crystal panel 10a, the liquid crystal panel 10 is not formed.
By using the diffracted light L6 generated when the incident light L1 incident on the a passes through the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18, a bright, clear and clear color display can be obtained without worrying about specular reflection on the liquid crystal panel surface. be able to.

(Fifth Embodiment of Liquid Crystal Device) FIG. 10 is a partial sectional view showing a liquid crystal device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 (a) does not use a front light. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a case where reflective display is performed, and FIG.
(B) is a figure which shows the case where reflective display is performed using a front light.

In the liquid crystal device of this embodiment, the other side of the directional front scattering diffraction film 18 of the liquid crystal panel 10 of the first embodiment described with reference to FIGS. A front light (planar light-emitting body) 40 that emits illumination light is provided on the liquid crystal panel 10 side on the side of the plate 16 opposite to the phase difference plate 19 side. The same parts as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, the description of those components is omitted, and different components will be mainly described below.

The front light 140 is a light source 141 such as a cold cathode tube, a fluorescent tube or a plurality of white LEDs.
And a light guide plate 142 formed in a plate shape so that light from the light source 141 is introduced from the end surface 142d and guided to the right side in the drawing.
And the reflection plate 14 arranged so as to surround the light source 141.
3 and 3. Examples of the material forming the light guide plate 142 include transparent materials such as transparent acrylic resin, polystyrene, and transparent polycarbonate.

On the surface (plate surface) of the light guide plate 142, a convex portion 142g formed of a steep slope portion 142a as a working surface portion and a gentle slope portion 142b as a transmission surface portion adjacent to the projecting end of the steep slope portion 142a is provided. An unevenness 142i in which a flat portion (transmissive surface portion) 142h adjacent to the convex portion 142g is periodically formed toward the right side in the drawing is provided. The steep slope 142a and the gentle slope 142b are configured to extend in a stripe shape in the length direction of the light guide plate 142 (from the front side to the back side of the paper surface of FIG. 10). The steep slope portion 142a as an action surface portion formed on the light guide plate 142 is provided on the side facing the light source 141 (so as to face the light source 141).

On the other hand, the back surface of the light guide plate 142 (one plate surface)
142c is formed flat.

Here, the light source 141 is not always turned on, but is turned on according to the instruction of the user E or the sensor only when it is dark such that there is almost no ambient light (external light). Therefore, when the light source 141 is turned on, after the illumination light L1 from the front light 140 propagates in the light guide plate 42 as shown in FIG.
0 is emitted as illumination light (incident light) L1 into the reflection layer 31.
By reflecting on the surface, it functions as a reflective type and performs reflective display.

On the other hand, when the light source 141 is turned off, the incident light L1 incident on the liquid crystal panel 10 from the upper surface side of the liquid crystal device 10 (the surface side of the light guide plate 142) as shown in FIG. 10A. Is reflected on the surface of the reflective layer 31 to function as a reflective type and perform reflective display.

In the liquid crystal device of the fifth embodiment, when the transmitted light from the light source 60 such as a backlight is used, a transmissive liquid crystal display form is used, and when the light from the light source is not used, ambient light is displayed. By performing the reflective display used, it can be used as a reflective liquid crystal display device.

In the liquid crystal device of the fifth embodiment, the light source 1
When the reflection display mode in which 41 is turned off is adopted, and when the light source 1
In any of the cases where the reflective display mode in which 41 is turned on is adopted, the presence of the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 makes it possible to obtain a sharp reflective display mode in which display blurring (blurring) is eliminated. Further, in the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment, only by providing the liquid crystal panel 10 with the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 as described above, a display blurring (blur) occurs.
Since a clear display form with less display blurring can be obtained, it is not necessary to form the reflective layer in a concave-convex shape as in the conventional inner surface scattering type liquid crystal device, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

In the case of adopting the reflective display mode in which the light source 141 is turned off, the directional front scattering diffractive film 18 is used.
Is similar to the structure of the first embodiment, the incident light L1 incident on the film 18 from the light collecting side and the diffracted light L6 of the incident light L1 can satisfy the above relation | α | <| θ | As described above, it is possible to improve the brightness when observing from the normal direction H of the panel 10 which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel 10, and a clear display form can be obtained.

Even when the reflection display mode in which the light source 141 is turned on is adopted, the illumination light L emitted from the light source 141 is also used.
1 enters the liquid crystal panel 10 through the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18, and the luminance in the angle range smaller than the specular reflection direction of the incident light L1 increases, and the user (observer) E
A bright and clear display can be obtained when observed from a direction H normal to the panel 10 which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel 10.

(Sixth Embodiment of Liquid Crystal Device) FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view showing a liquid crystal device of a sixth embodiment according to the present invention, and FIG. 12 is provided in the liquid crystal device of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of a touch panel (input device).

As shown in FIG. 11, in the display device of this embodiment, the other side of the directional front scattering diffraction film 18 of the liquid crystal panel 10 of the liquid crystal device of the first embodiment is opposite to the other substrate 17 side (polarizing plate). 16 is provided with a touch panel 510 on the side opposite to the retardation plate 19 side, and in other basic structures, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and their components are Description is omitted, and different components will be mainly described below.

The liquid crystal panel 10 is used as a display means for displaying information input by the touch panel 510. Phase difference plate 19 of polarizing plate 16 of liquid crystal panel 10
A frame 524 made of metal or the like is provided on the opposite side.

The touch panel 510 is fixed above the liquid crystal panel 10 by being adhered onto the frame 524 with the double-sided adhesive tape 525.

As shown in FIG. 12, the touch panel 510 includes a lower substrate 511 and an upper substrate 512, which are opposed to each other with a predetermined gap therebetween, and which are attached to each other by a seal 517 obtained by die-cutting a double-sided tape. There is. Lower substrate 5
Reference numeral 11 has a light-transmitting property, and a corner portion 511c formed by the outer surface 511a and the end surface 511b is chamfered. The upper substrate 512 has a light-transmitting property and flexibility. Then, on the inner surfaces of the lower substrate 511 and the upper substrate 512, lower transparent electrodes made of indium tin oxide (ITO) or the like are formed on almost entire surfaces at least corresponding to a range for inputting with a finger or a pen. 515 and an upper transparent electrode 516 are formed.

Further, the lower transparent electrode 5 is formed along the both sides (two opposite sides) (not shown) of the lower transparent electrode 515.
A lower wiring connecting portion (not shown) for connecting the wiring 15 and the wiring is provided, and the upper transparent electrode 51 is provided along both sides (two opposing sides) (not shown) of the upper transparent electrode 516.
Upper wiring connection part (not shown) for connecting 6 to the wiring
Is provided. The lower wiring connecting portion and the upper wiring connecting portion are made of a low resistance material such as silver, and are arranged so as to intersect each other. The lower wiring connecting portion is connected to the wiring, and the upper wiring connecting portion is connected to the wiring.

Further, between the lower substrate 511 on which the lower transparent electrode 515 is formed and the upper substrate 512 on which the upper transparent electrode 516 is formed (between the lower transparent electrode 515 and the upper transparent electrode 516). Are sandwiched by air layers 513.
In addition, a spacer 514 is provided between the lower transparent electrode 515 and the upper transparent electrode 516 so that the lower transparent electrode 515 and the upper transparent electrode 516 do not come into contact with each other without inputting with a finger or a pen. It is arranged.

In the present embodiment, the upper substrate 512 side of the touch panel 510 is the user side and the lower substrate 51.
Liquid crystal panel 10 having touch panel 510 on one side
Has become.

In the liquid crystal device in which the touch panel 510 using the resistive contact method as described above is provided on the liquid crystal panel 10, the upper substrate 512 having flexibility is pressed by the input person side with a finger or a pen. The position can be detected by deforming the pressed portion of and contacting the lower transparent electrode 515 and the upper transparent electrode 516.

In the liquid crystal device of the sixth embodiment, as in the case of the first embodiment described above, the presence of the directional forward scattering diffractive film 18 eliminates the blurring of the display and is a sharp reflection type. It is possible to obtain a display form, and it is possible to improve the brightness when observed from a direction substantially normal to the panel 10 which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel 10, and a clear display form is obtained.

In the liquid crystal device of the sixth embodiment, the case where the touch panel 510 is provided on the same liquid crystal device as in the first embodiment has been described, but the liquid crystal devices of the second to fifth embodiments are described. May be provided on the liquid crystal panel.

The diffracted light L in the first to sixth embodiments is L.
The above | α | of 6 is an angle including refraction caused by passing through the transparent substrate 17 and the like in addition to the diffraction caused by the directional forward scattering diffraction film 18.

Further, in the liquid crystal devices of the first to sixth embodiments, the side opposite to the other substrate side of the directional front scattering diffractive film 18, or the side opposite to the directional front scattering diffractive film side of the front light 140, 18 is provided. Alternatively, the directional forward scattering diffraction film side of the touch panel 510 and the opposite side of the touch panel 510,
Alternatively, a light-transmitting protective plate made of acrylic or the like may be provided on the side of the touch panel (input device) opposite to the planar light-emitting body.

Further, in the first to sixth embodiments,
An example in which the present invention is applied to a simple matrix type reflective liquid crystal display device or a semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display device has been described, but the present invention is an active matrix type device having a two-terminal switching element or a three-terminal switching element. Of course, it may be applied to a reflective liquid crystal display device or a transflective liquid crystal display device.

When applied to those active matrix type liquid crystal display devices, FIG. 2, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIG.
0, instead of the striped electrodes shown in FIG. 11, a common electrode is provided on one substrate side, a large number of pixel electrodes are provided for each pixel on the other substrate side, and each pixel electrode is individually switched to a three-terminal type. Type T driven by thin film transistor which is an element
FT (thin film transistor) drive type structure, a striped electrode is provided on one substrate side, a pixel electrode is provided for each pixel on the other substrate side, and each of these pixel electrodes is a two-terminal type linear element thin film It is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to a two-terminal type linear element drive type liquid crystal display device driven by a diode, etc.
The present invention can be applied only by disposing the directional forward scattering diffraction film on the liquid crystal panel in the above-described specific direction, and thus has a feature that it can be applied to various types of liquid crystal display devices very easily.

(Embodiment of Electronic Equipment) Next, the above first
Specific examples of electronic equipment including any of the liquid crystal devices of the sixth embodiment will be described.

FIG. 13A is a perspective view showing an example of a mobile phone.

In FIG. 13A, reference numeral 200 indicates a mobile phone main body, and reference numeral 201 indicates a liquid crystal display section using any of the liquid crystal devices of the first to sixth embodiments.

FIG. 13B is a perspective view showing an example of a portable information processing device such as a word processor or a personal computer.

In FIG. 13B, reference numeral 300 is an information processing apparatus, reference numeral 301 is an input unit such as a keyboard, reference numeral 303 is the information processing apparatus main body, and reference numeral 302 is the liquid crystal device of the first to sixth embodiments. The liquid crystal display part using either is shown.

FIG. 13C is a perspective view showing an example of a wrist watch type electronic device.

In FIG. 13 (c), reference numeral 400 indicates a watch body, and reference numeral 401 indicates a liquid crystal display section using any of the liquid crystal devices of the first to sixth embodiments.

Each of the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 13A to 13C has a liquid crystal display section (display means) using any one of the liquid crystal devices of the first to sixth embodiments. Therefore, the display has no blurring (blurring), a bright and clear display, and a sharp display quality is excellent.

[0150]

[Test Example 1] A transmittance measurement test was conducted using a directional forward scattering diffraction film produced by a transmission hologram technique.

Light is incident from the light source of the halogen lamp (installed at a position 300 mm away from the directional front scattering diffraction film) on the center of the surface of the horizontally oriented 50 × 40 mm rectangular rectangular directional front scattering diffraction film in plan view. Then, a light receiving portion having a light receiving element composed of a CCD on the back side of the directional front scattering diffraction film (from the directional front scattering diffraction film, 3
They are installed at positions apart from each other by 00 mm) in the directions facing each other in an emmetropic manner with respect to the incident light from the light source, and the polar angle and the azimuth angle of the light source are defined as shown in FIG. The parallel line transmittance was measured.

The polar angle θn of the light source (incident angle of incident light with respect to the normal line of the directional forward scattering diffraction film) was adjusted within a range of ± 60 °, and the parallel line transmittance (%) was measured for each polar angle. The results obtained are shown in FIG. Also, regarding the azimuth angle, 0
°, +30 °, +60 °, +90 °, +180 ° (all in the clockwise direction shown in FIG. 4), -30 °, -60 °,
All data at −90 ° (both in the counterclockwise direction shown in FIG. 4) were measured and are collectively shown in FIG.

From the results shown in FIG. 14, the measurement results in the case of 0 ° and 180 ° are completely the same curve, and the relationship between the maximum transmittance Tmax and the minimum transmittance Tmin of parallel line transmitted light is (Tma
x / Tmin) ≅50: 6≅8.33, which is a value exceeding 2 desired in the present invention. Here, when the maximum transmittance of parallel line transmitted light is shown, the amount of scattered and diffracted light is small (scattered light and diffracted light is weak), and when the minimum transmittance of parallel line transmitted light is shown, it is scattered and diffracted. It can be seen that there is a large amount of light (strong scattered light and diffracted light).

Next, FIG. 15 shows the result of a similar transmittance measurement test using another directional forward scattering diffractive film in which the scattering and diffraction intensities were increased in all directions. FIG. 16 shows the result of a similar transmittance measurement test performed using the scattering diffraction film.

Looking at the characteristics shown in FIG. 15, the relationship between the maximum transmittance Tmax and the minimum transmittance Tmin of parallel line transmitted light is (T
max / Tmin) ≅12: 3≅4, which is more than 2 desired in the present invention.

Looking at the characteristics shown in FIG. 16, the relationship between the maximum transmittance Tmax and the minimum transmittance Tmin of parallel line transmitted light is (T
max / Tmin) ≅52: 26≉2, which is a desired value of 2 in the present invention.

Further, in all of the directional forward scattering diffractive films shown in FIGS. 14, 15, and 16, ± 6
In the range of 0 °, it was revealed that the maximum and minimum values generally exist at the same angle. For example, in FIG.
From the results shown in FIG. 4, the maximum value is at a polar angle of −30 °, the minimum value is at a polar angle of + 23 °, and from the results shown in FIG. 15, the maximum value is at a polar angle of −20 ° and the minimum value is at a polar angle. In the case of + 18 °, from the results shown in FIG. 16, the maximum value was at a polar angle of −30 °, and the minimum value was at a polar angle of + 25 °.

Next, in the directional forward scattering diffraction film of the examples shown in FIGS. 14, 15 and 16, φm is ± 90 °.
In each case, it was also found that the transmittance was lowest when the polar angle θn was 0. Also, FIG. 14 and FIG.
5, the directional forward scattering diffractive film of the example shown in FIG. 16 has a transmittance of 2 to 2 under all conditions.
It is also clear that it is in the range of 50%.

Next, when the polar angle θn is fixed and the azimuth angle φm is changed, in other words, when only the directional front scattering diffraction film is rotated in the horizontal plane, The result of measuring the transmittance is shown in FIG.

According to the results shown in FIG. 17, under the condition of θn = 0 °, light is incident in the normal direction of the directional forward scattering diffractive film, but it shows almost constant transmittance and θn
== 20 °, -40 °, -60 °, the azimuth angle is 0 ±
Shows a curve in which the transmittance has an upwardly convex maximum in the range of 90 °, and when θn = + 20 °, + 40 °, and + 60 °, the transmittance has a downward convex in the range of 0 ± 90 ° (upper side). Concave)
There is a tendency for the curve to take the minimum of. From this,
It was clearly shown that the directional forward-scattering diffractive film used in this example exhibits maximum and minimum transmittances depending on the polar angle and the azimuth angle. That is, the directional forward scattering diffractive film used in this example has a small amount of scattered and diffracted light when the transmittance is maximum (weak scattered light and diffracted light) and a minimum transmittance. It can be seen that a large amount is scattered and diffracted (the scattered light and the diffracted light are strong).

Analysis of the transmittance relationship shown in FIG. 17 shows a negative polar angle θn (−20 °, −40 °, −60 °).
At azimuth angle φm = ± 30 °, that is, φ = −30
The maximum value of the transmittance is suppressed within 5% in the range of ° to + 30 °, and the positive polar angle θn (+ 20 °, +
Azimuth angle φ = within ± 30 ° at 40 °, + 60 °),
That is, in the range of φ = −30 ° to + 30 °, the minimum value of the transmittance is suppressed within 5%.

FIG. 18 shows the relationship between the polar angle and the transmittance in a sample of a liquid crystal device constructed using a conventional isotropic forward scattering film (trade name: IDS-16K manufactured by Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.). It shows the result of measurement for each azimuth angle. In the test, the same liquid crystal device as that in the first test example was used, and the forward scattering diffraction film was changed to an isotropic scattering film for measurement.

From the results shown in FIG. 18, the transmittance of the light transmitted through the parallel line shows almost no change at any azimuth angle, almost overlaps with one curve, and the polar angle is the maximum when the polar angle is 0 °. It is clear that even if is changed to the + region or the − region, it changes only about several percent. From this result, it is clear that the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained even if the conventional isotropic forward scattering film is used in the liquid crystal device.

[Test Example 2] Next, the brightness of the reflection type color liquid crystal display device when the polar angle θ1 and the polar angle θ2 in the above test were variously changed was compared in an office under the lighting of a fluorescent lamp. As the brightness, a reflection type color liquid crystal display device using a conventional isotropic forward scattering film (a reflection type color liquid crystal display device using the isotropic scattering film used in the measurement shown in FIG. 18) is used. For comparison, those which can be recognized brighter than the conventional reflective color liquid crystal display device are indicated by ◯, the equivalent one by Δ, and the dark one by x, which are shown in Table 1 below.

“Table 1” θ1 (°) -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 θ2 (°) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Evaluation result × × × × × Δ △ △ × θ1 (°) -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 θ2 (°) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Evaluation result × × × × △ 〇 〇 〇 × θ1 (° ) -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0 2 (°) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Evaluation result × × × × △ 〇 〇 〇 × θ1 (°) -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 θ2 (°) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Evaluation result × × × × △ 〇 〇 〇 × θ1 (°) -80 -70 -60 -50- 40 -30 -20 -10 0 θ2 (°) 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 20 Evaluation result × × × × × △ △ △ × As is clear from the measurement results shown in Table 1, the parallel line transmitted light is maximum. The polar angle θ1 is −40 ° ≦ θ1 ≦ 0 °
In the range of 0 ° ≦ θ2 ≦ 40 °, the same brightness as that of the conventional product can be secured, and in the range of −30 ° ≦ θ1 ≦ −10 °, 10 ° ≦ θ2 ≦ 30 °. For example, it can be seen that the amount of incident light that is scattered and diffracted when passing through this film is large, and a liquid crystal display device that is superior in brightness to conventional products can be obtained.

[Test Example 3] Directional forward scattering diffractive films were prepared in which the parallel line transmittance T (0,0) in the normal direction of the directional forward scattering diffractive film was changed to various values. The brightness of the liquid crystal display device provided with the scattering diffraction film was compared in the office under the lighting of the fluorescent lamp. The compared conventional product is the same as that used in the previous test example. Table 2 below shows ◯ as what was recognized brighter than the conventional reflective color liquid crystal display device, Δ as equivalent, and x as dark.
It was shown to.

[Table 2] T (0,0) 3% 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Evaluation result △ 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 △ △ × As is clear from the results shown in Table 2, 3% ≦ T (0,
0) ≦ 60%, more preferably 5% ≦ T (0,0) ≦ 4
It is clear that if it is in the range of 0%, it is possible to provide a reflection type color liquid crystal display device which is brighter than the conventional one in an actual use environment.

Next, based on the results shown in FIGS. 14, 15, and 16, the azimuth angle φ of the directional front scattering film was φ1 ± 60.
It is also clear that when the angle is defined in the range of 0 ° and φ2 ± 60 °, the parallel line transmittance always has a maximum at θ1 and the parallel line transmittance has a minimum at θ2.

[Test Example 4] Next, a large number of directional forward scattering diffractive films prepared by a transmission hologram technique were prepared, and the reflection type color when the value of (Tmax / Tmin) was adjusted to various values. The results of comparing the brightness of the display device with the conventional liquid crystal display device are shown in Table 3 below. When the recognition was more than twice as bright as that of the conventional liquid crystal display device, it was evaluated as ⊚, when it was recognized as brighter than that of the conventional product, it was evaluated as ◯, when it was equivalent, as Δ, and when it was dark as ×.

[Table 3] Tmax / Tmin 10.0 5.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.0 Evaluation results ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ △ △ △ It is clear that particularly bright recognition was possible when the ratio of the minimum value and the maximum value of the parallel line transmittance was 2 or more.

Test Example 5 If the azimuth angle when the parallel line transmittance takes the minimum value or the maximum value is φ2 or φ1, then φ
The ratio between the maximum value and the minimum value of the transmitted light characteristics measured by changing the polar angle θ in the range of 2 ± 60 ° and φ1 ± 60 ° was measured.
By changing this ratio, the brightness of the reflective color liquid crystal display device was compared in the office under the lighting of the fluorescent lamp. The compared conventional product is the same as that used in the previous test example. Table 4 below shows ◯ as what was recognized brighter than the conventional reflective color liquid crystal display device, Δ as equivalent, and x as dark.

[Table 4] Maximum value / Minimum value 5.0 3.5 3.5 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.2 Evaluation result 〇 〇 〇 〇 △ △ △ From the results shown in Table 4, the maximum value / minimum value It has been revealed that the value of is preferably 1.5 or more. That is, the azimuth angle φ of the directional forward scattering diffraction film is φ1 ± 60 ° and φ2 ± 6
When defined in the range of 0 °, it is clear that the ratio between the minimum value and the maximum value of the parallel line transmittance is 1.5 or more.

“Test Example 6” The polar angle θ was set to −60 ° ≦ θ ≦ + 6.
When the angle was 0 °, the maximum value and the minimum value of the parallel line transmittance T were changed and the brightness of the reflection type color liquid crystal display device was compared in an office under the lighting of a fluorescent lamp. The compared conventional product is the same as that used in the previous test example. What was recognized brighter than the conventional reflective color liquid crystal display device,
Table 5 below shows the equivalent as Δ and the dark as x.

[Table 5] Maximum transmittance Tmax 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Minimum transmittance Tmin 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Evaluation result × × Δ Δ Δ × Maximum transmittance Tmax 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Minimum transmittance Tmin 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% Evaluation result × 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 Maximum transmittance Tmax 60% 50% 40% 30% 20 % 10% Minimum transmittance Tmin 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% Evaluation result △ 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 Maximum transmittance Tmax 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Minimum transmittance Tmin 10% 10 % 10% 10% 10% 10% Evaluation result △ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ △ Maximum transmittance Tmax 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Minimum transmittance Tmin 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% Evaluation Result × ○ ○ △ △ × Maximum transmittance Tmax 0% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Minimum transmittance Tmin 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% Evaluation result × △ △ × × × Maximum transmittance Tmax 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Minimum transmittance Tmin 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% 40% Evaluation result × × × × × × × From the results shown in Table 5, the maximum value / minimum value ≧ 2 is satisfied, and 2% or more, It can be seen that a transmittance of 50% or less is required.

[Test Example 7] Characteristics as shown in FIG. 14 (the relationship between the maximum transmittance Tmax and the minimum transmittance Tmin of parallel line transmitted light satisfies (Tmax / Tmin) ≈50: 6≈8.33)
The intensity of transmitted light (scattered light and diffracted light) transmitted through the directional forward scattering diffraction film was investigated using a directional forward scattering diffraction film (directional forward scattering diffraction film produced by a transmission hologram technique) .

The intensity of the transmitted light here was measured by using the measurement system shown in FIG. 19, and the directional front scattering diffractive film (the directional front of the example having the above-mentioned characteristics in the shape of a rectangle of 50 × 40) mm in plan view was used. (Scattering diffractive film) 408 is installed horizontally, and the directional forward scattering is performed from a light source K (installed at a position 300 mm away from the directional forward scattering diffractive film) of a (halogen) lamp arranged on the surface side of the directional forward scattering film 408. The light L is incident on the center of the surface of the diffractive film 408 at a polar angle (incident angle)
The incident light at θ = 25 degrees, azimuth angle = 90 degrees, and the transmitted light transmitted through the directional front scattering diffraction film 408 are CCs arranged on the back surface side of the directional front scattering diffraction film 408.
The light-receiving portion J having the light-receiving element D (installed at a position 300 mm away from the directional front scattering film) has a light-receiving angle of 0.
The relationship between the angle of the light receiving part J and the intensity of the transmitted light when light is received in the range of 60 degrees (angle (polar angle) from the normal direction = 0 degree to −60 degrees, azimuth angle = −90 degrees). Examined. The result is shown in FIG.

For comparison, a conventional isotropic forward-scattering film having the characteristics shown in FIG. 18 is arranged in place of the directional forward-scattering diffractive film, and the light L from the light source K is emitted in the same manner as the above method. The relationship between the received light angle and the intensity of the transmitted light when the transmitted light was received by the light receiving section was investigated. The result is also shown in FIG. 20 shows the characteristics of the directional forward scattering diffraction film of the example. Is a characteristic of the isotropic forward scattering film of Comparative Example.

From FIG. 20, in the isotropic forward scattering film of the comparative example, the peak of the intensity of the transmitted light of the light L incident at the incident angle of 25 degrees is −25 degrees, and as the angle becomes smaller than −25 degrees. (As the angle approaches the normal direction H)
The intensity of transmitted light is low. Therefore, in the isotropic forward scattering film of the comparative example, the scattered light having the same angle as the incident angle | θ | of the light L is strong (more), but the incident angle of the light L is smaller than | θ | There is little scattered light in the range of angles close to the normal direction H. Therefore, when a reflective layer (what specularly reflects) is provided below this film (on the side where the light receiving part is provided), the above scattered light is reflected. The reflected light reflected by the layer passes through the isotropic forward scattering film and is emitted above the film (on the side opposite to the side where the light receiving part is provided). The outgoing angle is the angle from the normal direction of the scattered light. Therefore, the reflected light emitted in an angle range smaller than the regular reflection direction of the light L becomes weak (reduced), and the user (observer) observes the surface reflection direction of the light L (-25 degrees). It can be seen that it is dark when observed from the normal direction H of the film It

On the other hand, in the directional forward scattering diffractive film of the example, the peak of the intensity of the transmitted light of the light L incident at the incident angle of 25 degrees is −25 degrees, but the angle smaller than −25 degrees ( Even if the angle is close to the normal direction H), the rate of decrease in the intensity of transmitted light is small, and comparison is made for angles smaller than around -12 to -13 degrees (angles between -12 to -13 degrees and the normal direction H). It can be seen that the intensity of the transmitted light is higher than that of the example, and in particular, the intensity of the transmitted light is twice or more higher than that of the comparative example in the vicinity of −6 degrees to −7 degrees.

From this fact, the directional forward scattering diffractive film of the embodiment has a large amount of diffracted light and scattered light in an angle range smaller than the incident angle | θ | of the light L (angle close to the normal direction H), and therefore this film. If a reflective layer (specularly reflected) is provided below (on the side where the light receiving portion is provided), the diffracted light and the scattered light reflected by the reflective layer are reflected by the directional front scattering diffractive film. The emitted light that has passed and is emitted above the film (on the side opposite to the side where the light receiving portion is provided) is the light L.
Is strongly (many) emitted in an angle range smaller than the specular reflection direction of, and the user (observer) emits the light L in the surface reflection direction (-25
It can be seen that the film is brighter than that of the comparative example when observed from the film normal direction H deviated from (degree).

"Test Example 8" A state in which a user (observer) is using the liquid crystal device was examined.

Here, 124 users (observers) are shown in FIG.
Through the use of the reflective liquid crystal device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the distribution of the incident angle θ of the light such as the illumination light that entered the liquid crystal panel was examined. The results are shown in Table 6 below and FIG. "Table 6" Incident angle | θ | (degree) 0 5 10 15 20 25 25 30 35 40 40 45 Number of people 0 0 2 5 34 34 44 20 16 2 1 From the results shown in Table 6 and FIG. )
When observing the display of the liquid crystal device, the liquid crystal panel 1 is tilted within the range of 20 to 35 degrees with respect to the normal line of the liquid crystal panel.
It can be seen that light such as illumination light incident on 0 is often used as incident light. Note that, when the same test was performed using the conventional reflective liquid crystal device using the isotropic scattering film shown in FIG. 22 (a), substantially the same results as in Table 6 were obtained.

Next, the reflected light of the incident light which is incident on the liquid crystal panel at an angle of 20 to 35 degrees with respect to the normal line of the liquid crystal device of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is used. The distribution of the observation angle (angle with respect to the normal line of the liquid crystal panel, the observation direction) γ when 124 persons observed was examined. The results are shown in Table 7 below and FIG. "Table 7" Observation angle γ (degree) +5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 Number of people 1 8 21 23 25 21 15 7 2 1 From the results shown in Table 7 and Fig. 21 The direction of specular reflection of incident light incident on the liquid crystal panel at an angle within a range of 20 ° to 35 ° with respect to the normal line of the liquid crystal device of the embodiment shown in FIGS. Direction from -30 degrees to 0 degrees (observation angle γ from -30 degrees to 0) outside the range of degrees to -35 degrees
It can be seen from the range of degrees) that many users observe. In addition, even when the same test was performed using the conventional reflective liquid crystal device using the isotropic scattering film shown in FIG. 22A, almost the same results as in Table 7 were obtained.

Next, the relationship between the incident angle θ and the observation angle γ was examined from Tables 6 and 7 above. The results are shown in Table 8.

[Table 8] | θ |-| γ | (degree) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Number of people 1 16 28 41 30 7 1 0 0 From the results in Table 8, the user observes the display of the liquid crystal device. It can be seen that in many cases, the absolute value of the observation angle γ is smaller than the absolute value of the incident angle θ by 5 to 20 degrees. Note that FIG.
Even when the same test was performed using the conventional reflective liquid crystal device using the isotropic scattering film shown in (a), almost the same results as in Table 8 were obtained.

From the above, a directional front scattering diffractive film is provided on the liquid crystal panel so that the difference between the absolute value of the incident angle θ of the incident light and the absolute value of the incident light diffraction angle α is in the range of 5 ° to 20 °. In addition, the reflected light of the diffracted light can be strongly (more) emitted from the specular reflection direction of the incident light toward the normal direction of 5 to 20 degrees, and the absolute value of the incident angle | θ |
It is considered that the display is bright and clear when the display is observed at an observation angle | γ | that is smaller by 5 to 20 degrees. Therefore, the characteristics as shown in FIG. 14 (the relationship between the maximum transmittance Tmax and the minimum transmittance Tmin of parallel line transmitted light is (Tmax
/ Tmin) ≈ 50: 6 ≈ 8.33) or Fig. 20
The reflective liquid crystal display device of the example in which the liquid crystal panel was provided with a directional forward scattering diffractive film having the characteristics shown in was observed from a direction substantially normal to the panel, which was deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel. Brightness can be improved, a clear display form can be obtained, and particularly when the display is observed at an observation angle | γ | that is 5 to 20 degrees smaller than | θ |
It can be seen that a bright and clear display can be obtained.

[0187]

As described above, according to the liquid crystal device of the present invention, in the reflection type or semi-transmission reflection type liquid crystal display device having the directional forward scattering diffraction film, the polar angle direction showing the minimum transmittance is set. The directional front scattering diffractive film is arranged on the liquid crystal panel so that the polar angle direction showing the maximum transmittance is on the observation direction side so that it is on the daylighting side. The azimuth angle φ2 in the case is the incident angle direction, and the azimuth angle φ1 in the case of showing the maximum transmittance of parallel line transmission light is the observer direction. Light incident on the directional front scattering diffractive film is largely scattered and diffracted (strongly scattered and diffracted) at the time of incidence, but it is reflected by the reflective layer or the semi-transmissive reflective layer inside the liquid crystal panel and is directional forward. The light that passes through the scattering diffractive film again has a small amount of scattered or diffracted (nearly scattered or diffracted), and as a result, a clear display form with little display blurring can be obtained.

Further, according to the liquid crystal device of the present invention, only by providing the liquid crystal panel with the above-mentioned directional forward scattering diffractive film, the influence on the display bleeding (blurring) is small and the display bleeding (blurring) is suppressed. Since a small and clear display form can be obtained, it is not necessary to form the reflection layer in a concavo-convex shape as in the conventional inner surface scattering type, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Further, in the present invention, when the maximum transmittance of parallel line transmitted light is Tmax (φ1, θ1) and the minimum transmittance of parallel line transmitted light is Tmin (φ2, θ2), φ1 = φ2 ±
By satisfying the relationship of 180 °, a clear display form with little display blurring can be obtained.

In the reflection type or semi-transmissive reflection type liquid crystal device, the incident angle of the incident light incident on the directional front scattering diffractive film from the light collecting side with respect to the normal line of the film is θ, and the incident light is directed to the directional direction. When the diffraction angle of the diffracted light that is diffracted when passing through the forward scattering film is defined as α, the incident light and the diffracted light satisfy the relationship | α | <| θ | In the case where the directional forward scattering diffractive film is provided, the brightness can be improved when observing from the normal direction of the panel, which is deviated from the surface reflection direction of the liquid crystal panel, and a clear display form can be obtained.

Further, in the case of an electronic apparatus having the above-described liquid crystal devices of various structures, the blurring of the display is improved, and a sharp high-quality image display having a bright and clear display can be displayed. Equipment can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a liquid crystal device according to a first embodiment of the invention.

2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of the liquid crystal device shown in FIG.

3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a color filter portion of the liquid crystal device shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a positional relationship among a directional forward scattering diffractive film, a light source, a light receiving portion, a polar angle, an azimuth angle, and parallel line transmitted light.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a positional relationship between a directional forward scattering diffraction film, a light source, and a light receiving section.

FIG. 6 (A) is an explanatory view showing the relationship between incident light and parallel line transmitted light, diffuse transmitted light, and back scattered light and forward scattered light with respect to the directional forward scattering diffractive film, and FIG. 6 (B) is It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the cross-section of a directional forward-scattering diffractive film, and the relationship of incident light and reflected light.

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal panel included in the liquid crystal device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal panel included in a liquid crystal device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal panel included in a liquid crystal device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal device of a fifth embodiment according to the invention, and FIG. 10 (a) is a view showing a case where reflective display is performed without using a front light. FIG. 10B is a diagram showing a case where reflective display is performed using a front light.

FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view showing a liquid crystal device of a sixth embodiment according to the present invention.

12 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a touch panel included in the liquid crystal device of FIG.

FIG. 13 shows an application example of the electronic device of the invention,
FIG. 13A is a perspective view showing a mobile phone.
1B is a perspective view showing an example of a portable information processing device, FIG.
FIG. 3C is a perspective view showing an example of a wrist watch type electronic device.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a result of measuring a first example of the relation between the polar angle and the transmittance measured in the example for each azimuth angle.

FIG. 15 is a result of a second example of the relation between the polar angle and the transmittance measured in the example, which is measured for each azimuth angle, and shows that the ratio between the minimum value and the maximum value of the parallel line transmittance is 4 It is a figure which shows the measurement result in a case.

FIG. 16 is a result of measuring a third example of the relation between the polar angle and the transmittance measured in the example for each azimuth angle, showing that the ratio between the minimum value and the maximum value of the parallel line transmittance is 2 It is a figure which shows the measurement result in a case.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a result of measuring the relationship between the azimuth angle and the transmittance measured in the example for each polar angle.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the relationship between the polar angle and the transmittance measured in a comparative example for each azimuth angle.

FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram of a method of measuring the intensity of transmitted light in a test example.

FIG. 20 shows an incident angle of light of 25 in Examples and Comparative Examples.
It is a figure which shows the transmitted light intensity at the time of making it enter in.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing distributions of incident angles and observation angles when a liquid crystal display device is used.

22 shows a conventional reflective liquid crystal device, FIG. 22 (a) is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a reflective liquid crystal device provided with a scattering film, and FIG. 22 (b) shows an inner diffusion plate. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a reflective liquid crystal device provided.

[Explanation of symbols]

θn ・ ・ ・ Polar angle φm ・ ・ ・ azimuth K: light source J: Light receiving part L1 ... Incident light L6 ... Diffracted light R1 ... Reflected light α: Diffraction angle α2 ... Exit angle γ ... observation angle LT: Diffuse transmitted light (forward scattered light, diffracted light) L3 ... Parallel line transmitted light (forward scattered light) Tmax (φ1, θ1) ・ ・ ・ Maximum transmittance Tmin (φ2, θ2) ・ ・ ・ Minimum transmittance 10, 40, 50, 10a ... Liquid crystal panel 15 ... Liquid crystal layer 17, 28, 28 ', 28a ... Substrate 18: Directional forward scattering diffractive film 20 ... Color filter layer 23, 35 ... Electrode layer 31 ... Reflective layer 52 ... Semi-transmissive reflective layer 60 ... Light source (illuminator) 200: Mobile phone body 201, 302, 401 ... Liquid crystal display section 300 ... Information processing device 400 ... watch body 408 ... Directional forward scattering diffraction film 510 ... Touch panel (input device) 511 ... Lower substrate 512 ... Upper substrate

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) G02B 5/32 G02B 5/32 2H092 G02F 1/13 505 G02F 1/13 505 5B068 1/1333 1/1333 5B087 1/13357 1/13357 1/1343 1/1343 G06F 3/03 310 G06F 3/03 310D 3/033 350 3/033 350A F term (reference) 2H042 BA03 BA14 BA20 2H049 AA02 AA12 AA33 AA34 AA43 AA50 AA60 AA64 CA05 CA09 CA15 CA22 2H088 EA22 EA27 HA02 HA05 HA10 HA12 HA21 HA28 HA30 MA01 2H089 HA18 QA16 TA02 TA11 TA12 TA17 TA18 TA20 UA09 2H091 FA02Y FA16Y FA19X FA23X FA23Z FA31X FA41X FA41X FA41X FA41X FA41X FA41Z NA10 5H12HA07 HA11 HA10 HAHQ AB04 CC02 CC15 CC37

Claims (16)

[Claims] 1. A pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between these substrates, a reflective layer provided on the liquid crystal layer side of one substrate, and a liquid crystal layer side opposite to the other substrate. And a liquid crystal panel having a directional front scattering diffraction film, wherein light is incident from a light source arranged on one surface side of the directional front scattering diffraction film, and In the light receiving portion arranged on the surface side, when observing parallel line transmitted light excluding diffuse transmitted light among all transmitted light transmitted through the directional forward scattering diffractive film, a normal line of the directional forward scattering diffractive film The incident angle of incident light with respect to is defined as a polar angle θn, the incident light angle in the in-plane direction of the directional forward scattering diffractive film is defined as an azimuth angle φm, and the maximum transmittance of parallel line transmitted light is Tmax (φ1, θ1)
And the minimum transmittance of light transmitted through parallel lines is Tmin (φ2,
When defined as θ2), the incident light side in the case of polar angle and azimuth showing the maximum transmittance is set so that the incident light side in the case of polar angle and azimuth showing the minimum transmittance becomes the daylighting side of the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal device, wherein the directional forward scattering diffractive film is arranged on the liquid crystal panel so as to be on the observation direction side of the liquid crystal panel. 2. A pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between these substrates, a semi-transmissive reflective layer provided on the liquid crystal layer side of one substrate, and a semi-transmissive reflection layer on the opposite side of the liquid crystal layer side of the other substrate. A directional front scattering diffractive film comprising a liquid crystal panel provided with the directional forward scattering diffractive film, wherein light is incident from a light source arranged on one surface side of the directional forward scattering diffractive film, In the light receiving portion arranged on the other surface side, of the total transmitted light transmitted through the directional forward scattering diffraction film, when observing parallel line transmitted light excluding diffuse transmitted light, the directional forward scattering diffraction film The incident angle of the incident light with respect to the normal is defined as a polar angle θn, the incident light angle in the in-plane direction of the directional forward scattering diffractive film is defined as an azimuth angle φm, and the maximum transmittance of parallel line transmitted light is Tmax ( φ1, θ1)
And the minimum transmittance of light transmitted through parallel lines is Tmin (φ2,
If defined as θ2), the incident light in the case of polar angle and azimuth showing the maximum transmittance is set so that the incident light side in the case of polar angle and azimuth showing the minimum transmittance becomes the daylighting side of the liquid crystal panel. A liquid crystal device, wherein the directional forward scattering diffractive film is arranged on the liquid crystal panel so that a side thereof is a viewing direction side of the liquid crystal panel. 3. The maximum transmittance of the parallel line transmitted light is Tmax
(Φ1, θ1), the minimum transmittance of the parallel line transmitted light is Tmi
3. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the relationship of φ1 = φ2 ± 180 ° is satisfied when n (φ2, θ2). 4. The incident angle of the incident light incident on the directional front-scattering diffractive film from the daylighting side with respect to the normal line of the film is θ, and the incident light is diffracted when passing through the directional front-scattering diffractive film. When the diffraction angle of the diffracted light with respect to the normal line of the film is defined as α, in the directional forward scattering diffractive film, the incident light and the diffracted light are | α | <| θ.
The liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the liquid crystal device is configured to satisfy the relationship |. 5. The incident angle of the incident light incident on the directional front-scattering diffractive film from the daylighting side with respect to the normal line of the film is θ, and the incident light is diffracted when passing through the directional front-scattering diffractive film. When the diffraction angle of the diffracted light with respect to the normal line of the film is defined as α, in the directional forward scattering diffractive film, the incident light and the diffracted light are 5 degrees ≦ | θ.
4. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal device is configured to satisfy the relationship of | − | α | ≦ 20 degrees. 6. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the directional forward scattering diffraction film is a hologram. 7. The liquid crystal driving electrode is provided on the liquid crystal layer side of the one substrate and the liquid crystal layer side of the other substrate, and the liquid crystal driving electrode is provided on the liquid crystal layer side of the other substrate. Liquid crystal device. 8. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein a color filter is provided from one of the pair of substrates to the one liquid crystal layer side. 9. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein fine irregularities are formed on the surface of the reflective layer or the semi-transmissive reflective layer. 10. A planar light-emitting body that emits illumination light to the liquid crystal panel side is provided on the side opposite to the other substrate side of the directional forward scattering diffraction film. The liquid crystal device according to claim 3. 11. An input device, which has at least one substrate and detects position coordinates by inputting by pressing the substrate surface, is the other substrate of the directional forward scattering diffraction film of the liquid crystal device. The liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the liquid crystal device is provided on the side opposite to the side or on the side opposite to the directional forward scattering diffraction film side of the planar light-emitting body. 12. A side opposite to the other substrate side of the directional forward scattering diffraction film, or a side opposite to the directional forward scattering diffraction film side of the planar light emitting body, or the directional forward scattering of the input device. 12. The liquid crystal according to claim 1, further comprising a light-transmitting protective plate provided on the side opposite to the side of the diffractive film or on the side opposite to the planar light-emitting body of the input device. apparatus. 13. The directional forward-scattering diffractive film is a film in which a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer are alternately laminated obliquely with respect to a direction normal to the film surface. 13. The liquid crystal device according to any one of 12. 14. The directional forward scattering diffractive film has a haze of 5% or more in the direction normal to the film surface.
% Or less, The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein 15. A pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between these substrates, a reflective layer provided on the liquid crystal layer side of one substrate, and a liquid crystal layer side opposite to the other substrate. And a directional forward scattering diffraction film, wherein the directional forward scattering diffraction film has high refractive index layers and low refractive index layers alternately laminated obliquely with respect to a direction normal to the film surface. A liquid crystal device, which is a film and the reflective layer has fine irregularities. 16. An electronic apparatus comprising the liquid crystal device according to claim 1 as display means.