JP2003056622A - Damping material and damper using it - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a damper displaced by a compressive force and having the characteristics of an elasto-plastic body. SOLUTION: In this shock absorbing damper, when a load is applied for compression, to the damping material filled in a clearance between a cylinder and a piston slidably inserted into the cylinder through the piston, the displacement of the damping material increases in proportion to the load. After the load reaches a specified load, the damping material flows through a clearance provided in the cylinder. While the damping material is flowing, the displacement increases by an amount equivalent to a reduction in the clearance to keep the load constant.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a damper capable of controlling a load to a constant value and setting a displacement amount at a constant load. More specifically, the present invention relates to a damper that can be used in the fields of civil engineering and construction, machinery, and other fields to control the load to a constant value and to set the amount of displacement at a constant load.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A method of limiting a load to a certain value when the load is applied to an object or an external load is shown below. (1) Utilizing buckling of material For example, when compressive stress is applied to a steel pipe, the load value obtained by substituting variables such as its elastic modulus, diameter, wall thickness, and length into a certain mathematical formula. Buckling occurs. Since the load does not increase while the buckling deformation is in progress, the load can be kept constant (not shown).

(2) Lead Damper, Steel Rod Damper As an example of a conventional shock absorbing damper for a building, a lead damper is shown in FIG. 8, a steel rod damper is shown in FIG.
The strength characteristics are shown in. The strength characteristics are similar to those of an elastoplastic body. The damper is designed to match the yield and design shear forces in this figure. The displacement after yielding is designed to be sufficiently large. These damper examples have been used for shear forces.

(3) Damper Using Extremely Mild Steel A damper using extremely mild steel having a yield point and elongation displacement larger than those of ordinary mild steel. It absorbs seismic input energy by utilizing the plastic deformation of ultra-soft steel and prevents damage and destruction of main structural members. The outline is shown in Fig. 11. FIG. 11 (a) shows an example of stress and deformation characteristics of ultra-soft steel. It can be seen that the plastic deformation is larger than that of general structural steel materials such as SS400. FIG. 11 (b) is an explanatory diagram of a vibration control mechanism for ultra-soft steel. Figure 11
(c) shows the installation example of the seismic damper.

(4) Oil Damper A cylinder composed of a piston, a cylinder, and an orifice is filled with oil.
The resistance force of the oil cylinder is generated by the pressure difference between both sides of the orifice, and the resistance force proportional to the square of the speed is obtained.

[0006]

At present, due to the complexity and diversification of various structures, it is not necessary to be able to use it repeatedly, but it is displaced by compressive stress and the "characteristics of elasto-plastic body" A damper that is compact, lightweight, and easy to use is desired. However, since the conventional damper does not exhibit the “characteristics of an elasto-plastic body”, it is not suitable for the purpose of limiting the load, and of course, a damper having both of them is not found at present.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a damper which is displaced by compressive stress and has "elastic-plastic characteristics". Therefore, the damper must have the following mechanical characteristics. One is that when the compressive stress is gradually increased, the compressive stress increases almost linearly in proportion to the displacement up to a certain load, but after reaching a certain value, the compressive stress is displaced with the constant. Only to increase. The second is,
The point at which the displacement and load linearly increase to a region where the displacement is substantially constant, and the region width where only this displacement increases can be arbitrarily set.

[0008]

In order to solve the above problems, a first aspect of the present invention is to provide a cushioning material filled in a space between a cylinder and a piston slidably inserted into the cylinder.
When a load is applied through the piston and compressed, the displacement increases in proportion to the load, and after a certain load is reached, the cushioning material is discharged from the gap provided in the cylinder, which corresponds to a decrease in volume during the discharge. The shock absorber is characterized in that the displacement is increased as much as the load is applied and the load is kept constant.

A second aspect of the present invention is a load at the time of shifting from a state where the displacement increases in proportion to the load to a constant load state,
Also, the buffer damper is characterized in that the amount of displacement can be arbitrarily set when the displacement is increased while being maintained at a constant load.

A third aspect of the present invention is a buffer damper characterized in that the displacement increases substantially linearly up to a constant load state, and thereafter only the displacement increases with a substantially constant load. is there.

A fourth aspect of the present invention is a buffer damper including the following members. (a) The piston (25) attached to the opposite side via the fixing member (22), (b) the cylinder (24) into which the piston (25) is inserted, and (c) the cylinder (24) inside are divided. Partition wall (27) and (d) partition wall with piston (25) and small hole (28)
A cushioning material (23) filled in the space surrounded by (27), and (e)
The discharge part (2) that stores the cushioning material (23) flowing out from the small hole (28)
9).

A fifth aspect of the present invention is a buffer damper including the following members. (a) Insert the piston (25) attached on the opposite side through the fixing member, and (b) insert the piston (25),
Cylinder (31) and (c) piston with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of (25) so that a cushioning material (23) can flow out
A cushioning material (23) filled in a space surrounded by the (25) and the cylinder (31).

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the cushioning material is increased in displacement in proportion to the load when a load is applied from the outside in a container which is not hermetically sealed, and is destroyed when the load reaches a certain size. After the start of the fracture, the displacement increases by an amount corresponding to the volume reduction due to the fracture, and the load is almost constant while the fracture progresses. .

A seventh aspect of the present invention is the buffer damper, wherein the buffer material is a crosslinked viscoelastic material obtained by reacting a reactive polymer which is liquid at room temperature with a curing agent.

In an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the cushioning material, the load at which a constant load is applied is determined by the ratio a / A of the partition wall small hole area a and the cylinder internal cross-sectional area A, and this load is the area ratio.
A buffer damper characterized by being a cross-linked low hardness, low modulus rubber material having a property of exponentially decreasing with increase of a / A.

A ninth aspect of the present invention provides an anchor bolt (5
A cylinder, a partition wall in which the flange (57) of (0) is filled with the piston (52), the cushioning material (53) according to any one of claims 6 to 8.
(55), the ring-shaped damper (51) composed of the discharge part (56) is attached in an annular shape, and when the nut (58) is turned and screwed,
An anchor bolt characterized in that the cushioning material (53) is discharged from the small hole provided in the partition wall (55) to the discharge portion (56) so that the anchor bolt is not broken even if a force exceeding the designed load is applied. It is an axial force adjustment mechanism.

[0017]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The damper of the present invention is a cylinder,
It is composed of a piston and cushioning material. The cylinder is not completely sealed, for example a small hole is provided on the opposite side of the piston. The cushioning material elastically behaves up to a certain value of compressive stress, and then the deformation proceeds with a constant compressive stress,
It has the characteristic that the compressive stress does not change until the stroke end of the cylinder.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a buffer damper 20 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Further, FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the buffer damper 20 set in the metal fitting. The fixing member 22 evenly transfers the received load to the damper. The fixing member 22 may be replaced with other means as long as the load can be transmitted to the damper. A cylinder 24 and a piston 25 filled with a cushioning material 23 are attached to the fixing member 22. A lid member 26 is attached to the end of the cylinder 24 opposite to the piston 25. Similar to the fixing member 22, the lid member 26 evenly transmits the load to the damper and also serves as a lid of the cushioning material discharge portion discharged from the inside of the cylinder 24 through the small hole 28.

The cylinder 24 is divided into two chambers by a partition wall 27 having a small hole 28. A cushion 23 is filled in the chamber between the piston 25 and the partition wall 27. The chamber on the opposite side of the partition wall 27 is a discharge part 29 for storing the buffer material 23 that has flowed through the small holes 28 of the partition wall 27.

As the cushioning material 23 to be filled in the cushioning damper 20, it is desirable to use a crosslinked viscoelastic body obtained by reacting a reactive polymer which is liquid at room temperature with a curing agent. In this case, 100 parts by weight of the reactive polymer that is liquid at room temperature, the ratio of the number of moles of the isocyanate group of the curing agent to the number of moles of the hydroxyl group of the reactive polymer, that is, the amount of NCO / OH is 0.5 to 1.5 Is preferably reacted with 50 to 1,000 parts by weight of a bituminous material. The cushioning material thus obtained has a low modulus and a high restoring force.

If the molar ratio NCO / OH of the reactive polymer which is liquid at room temperature and the curing agent is less than 0.5, the curing reaction is not sufficient and a large amount of unreacted groups remain, causing problems such as stability over time. . On the other hand, if the molar ratio is greater than 1.5, the crosslinked viscoelastic body becomes too hard and the hardness cannot be adjusted sufficiently with a plasticizer.

In order to reduce the cost of such a cushioning material, a bituminous material can be added. Bituminous materials include straight asphalt, blown asphalt, tar, etc.
In order to obtain a desired physical property value, a plasticizer or a tackifier resin which has been improved in advance can be used. However, when these bituminous substances are used alone, the temperature sensitivity clearly appears, which is advantageous in terms of cost, but certain mechanical properties cannot be obtained in a wide temperature range.

In order to prevent such defects, it is preferable to use a rubber-like material such as liquid rubber in combination with a bituminous material. The cushioning material that uses both the rubber-like material and the bituminous material can exhibit a predetermined mechanical performance in a wide temperature range. As a standard for the amount of addition, 50 to 1,000 parts by weight of bituminous material is suitable for 100 parts by weight of the liquid polymer.

Examples of the reactive polymer which is liquid at room temperature include liquid polybutadiene, liquid chloroprene, liquid styrene butadiene copolymer, liquid acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer, polyether polyol, polyester polyol, aniline derivative polyol, silicone,
Included are polysulfides and modified silicones.

The crosslinked viscoelastic material which can be used in the present invention has a shape in which a cured product obtained by reacting a reaction type polymer at room temperature at room temperature retains its shape even when heated to 80 ° C. The hardness at 50 is 50 with a C type hardness tester shown in the Japan Rubber Association standard SRIS-0101.
The following conditions are satisfied. A crosslinked viscoelastic body that can satisfy this condition can be obtained from the combination of the liquid rubber and the curing agent exemplified in Table 1 as FIG.

Of the combinations shown in Table 1, considering the ease of controlling the curing rate at normal temperature, the cost, the availability, etc., it has a hydroxyl group at the terminal and has chloroprene, butadiene, styrene butadiene in the main chain. It is desirable to use nitrile butadiene or the like alone or in combination. Of these, those having a chloroprene skeleton and having a hydroxyl group or a xanthate group at the molecular end are preferable in view of flame retardancy.

As the curing agent, an isocyanate type curing agent is suitable, and it is necessary to have two or more isocyanate groups per molecule. Specific examples include illylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and the like, and these can be used alone or in combination.

Although the isocyanate curing agent can be used as a mixture with the plasticizer, it is necessary that the plasticizer is dehydrated and does not react with the isocyanate compound. A crosslinked viscoelastic material that can be used satisfactorily in the present invention can be obtained by using only an essential component for carrying out a room temperature curing reaction or a combination with a catalyst. Further, in the present invention, a wide range of stable crosslinked viscoelastic materials can be obtained by adding various additives in terms of cost, workability and physical properties.

A plasticizer can be used for adjusting the hardness of the crosslinked viscoelastic material, adjusting the viscosity of the liquid polymer composition, and adjusting the hardness after the curing reaction. Examples of the plasticizer include naphthenic oil, paraffinic oil, aromatic oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil and the like, and these can be used alone or in combination.

When flame retardancy is required, halogen compound type plasticizers and phosphorus compound type plasticizers are used alone or in combination.

As the tackifying resin, natural resins, rosins, modified rosins, rosins and derivatives of modified rosins, polyterpene-based resins, modified tempel, resin-based hydrocarbon resins and the like can be used alone or in combination.

The molding method of the cushioning material 23 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is as follows. The materials having the compositions shown in Table 2 as FIG. 14 were weighed, stirred and mixed by an air motor, and poured into the cylinder 24 of the buffer damper 20. In the damper cylinder, the small holes 28 of the partition wall 27 were previously covered with an adhesive tape and arranged on a horizontal table such that the partition wall faced downward, to facilitate the material injection work. After that, it was cured for a whole day and night, and after completion of the curing, the small hole adhesive tape was removed.

Since the cylinder 24 is not hermetically closed, when the cushioning material 23 receives a compressive stress, the displacement increases in proportion to the increase in the stress. That is, a small hole 28 may be provided so that the cushioning material 23 in the cylinder is discharged, or a gap due to the dimensional difference between the cylinder inner diameter and the piston outer diameter may be provided. Then, the cushioning material 23 behaves substantially elastically with respect to the compressive stress of the piston 25 up to a certain value.

The rubber material begins to break when the compressive stress reaches a certain value. The destroyed rubber material is discharged from the small hole 28 of the partition wall 27 to the discharge portion 29 on the opposite side. After the destruction starts, the piston 25 moves by a distance corresponding to the rubber discharge volume. The compressive stress does not change while the rubber is broken, and the deformation of the cushioning material 23 progresses at a substantially constant value until the stroke end of the cylinder 24.

"Elasto-plastic characteristics" can be obtained by appropriately selecting the cylinder 24 diameter, small hole 28 diameter, and cylinder 24 stroke.
While maintaining, the two characteristic values of "elastic limit" and "deformation limit" can be set arbitrarily. The shape of the cylinder 24 filled with the cushioning material is preferably cylindrical, but for example, a piston
The shape may be arbitrary as long as 25 can be slid to apply a compressive stress to the cushioning material 23. The "elastic limit" is the limit at which the compressive stress and the compressive displacement are proportional, and the "deformation limit" is the maximum displacement that is possible under a constant compressive force after the "elastic limit" is reached. That is.

In order to determine the specifications of the buffer damper so that it has the "elastic limit" and "deformation limit" required in design, the following may be done. FIG. 3 shows the result of a compression test performed by filling the buffer damper shown in FIG. 1 with a buffer material. The vertical axis is the yield load at which the pushing load / displacement relationship is a constant load state, and the horizontal axis is the ratio a / A between the partition wall small hole cross-sectional area a and the cylinder internal cross-sectional area A. According to this, if the hardness of the rubber material is constant, there is a unique relationship between the yield load and the area ratio a / A, and the yield load decreases exponentially as the area ratio a / A increases. I understand that When the rubber hardness is H = 15, between the yield load Py (tf) and the area ratio a / A (= x), where Py = -1.329logx-1.030 of formula (1), I have a relationship.

By using this relational expression, the inner air diameter of the cylinder 24 of the damper and the diameter of the small hole 28 can be determined when the "elastic limit" necessary for the design is given. Further, the "deformation limit" can be set by giving a value to the required length of the cushioning material 23 filling portion with a margin.

Hereinafter, as one application example of the present shock absorber, an example in which the interpiece joint is applied to a joint fitting of a wedge fitting type will be described. Due to the design of the segment, it is necessary to introduce a stress of 1400 kgf / cm2 into the male metal web portion regardless of whether the male and female metal fittings are tight or loose in terms of manufacturing. Therefore, by utilizing the "elasto-plastic property" of this shock absorber, when the fitting state of the fitting is tight, the stress of the male fitting web does not increase even if the stroke proceeds.

[0039] From the previous experiment, 1400 kgf /
It has been found that a pushing force of 2.1 tf is necessary to introduce the design stress of cm2. If a steel pipe with an inner diameter of 27.6 mm is used as the cylinder of the buffer damper, the above formula
It can be seen that the diameter of the small hole should be 1.83 mm using (1). Regarding the "deformation limit," the length in the pushing direction, which requires a constant force in the calculation, is 12 mm in order to handle variations in the tightness of the male and female fittings. Was set to 30 mm.

The result of the experiment conducted to confirm the “elasto-plastic property” of the shock absorber thus designed is shown in FIG.
Shown in 4. The horizontal axis is displacement (unit: mm) and the vertical axis is load (unit: t).
f). When the displacement, that is, the pushing amount is up to 5 mm, the load and the displacement are almost proportional, and the load reaching this elastic limit is 2.1 t.
f, which is almost constant when the displacement is 5 mm or more, although there is some load fluctuation. Also, even if the stroke exceeds 15 mm, the load hardly changes, and the "modified limit" of 12 mm required for the design.
It turns out that can be secured.

The effect of the buffer damper when applied to the wedge fitting type segment joint will be described below. In Figure 5,
The sectional view of the buffer damper 20 in which the movable wedge 21 is attached to the cylinder 25 is shown. Metal fittings (not shown), flange 42, and movable wedge 21
It is an example of a buffer damper used when fitting with a constant load. The movement when a load is applied to this damper will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 5, reference numeral 42 is a flange of the male fitting,
The male fitting is stroked to the right and tension is introduced into the male fitting web by the action of the movable wedge 21 between the flange 42 and the female fitting (not shown).

When a load is gradually applied and the male fitting is pushed rightward from the origin, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), the male fitting flange 42 is
This is the position where the inside of the and the outside surface of the movable wedge 21 start to contact. As shown in FIG. 5 (b), when the stroke further progresses, the movable wedge 21 is pushed by the flange 42. Then, the movable wedge 21 does not move by the reaction force of the cushioning material 23 (the force of the cushioning material, that is, the force that pushes back the cushioning damper. It bites between the metal fitting (not shown, just the position of the movable wedge) and the flange 42, and a wedge effect appears between the female metal fitting and the male metal fitting flange.

Here, the flange 42 and the movable wedge 21 come into contact with each other.
The time point is the origin. Press the displacement amount of the flange 42 from the origin.
The displacement is due to the engagement of the movable wedge 21 and the flange 42, with the embedded amount X
Amount x ₁And the displacement of the buffer damper is X₂Then X = X₁
＋ X₂Becomes This state is related to the load and displacement of the buffer damper.
Until the elastic limit reaches the elastic limit, and when the elastic limit is reached,
A stress corresponding to the reaction force at that time is introduced.

As shown in FIG. 5 (c), the elastic limit displacement X ₂ = X ₂₀
The fitting displacement when it reaches is X ₁ = X ₁₀ . Until the load reaches a certain value (hereinafter referred to as the elastic limit), the cushioning material 23 of the cushioning damper is deformed but not in a broken state, and the broken material is not discharged from the small hole 28. Absent.

The stroke corresponding to the elastic limit of the cushioning material 23
After reaching X ₀ = X ₁₀ + X ₂₀ and further increasing the stroke,
The stroke does not increase and the stroke continues while remaining almost constant. As shown in FIG. 5 (d), during this time, the reaction force acting on the movable wedge 21 also becomes constant, the fitting between the metal fitting 12 and the flange 42 does not proceed, and only the displacement of the cushioning material 23 proceeds. In other words, after reaching the elastic limit, the increment of the stroke matches the increment of the displacement of the cushioning material 23.

At this stage, destruction of the cushioning material 23 progresses,
The destroyed material is gradually discharged from the small hole 28 as the stroke progresses. This continues until the stroke end at which the fitting is completed. The state of reaching the stroke end is shown in Fig. 5 (e).

As shown in FIGS. 5 (c) to 5 (e), the cushioning material 23
While is destroyed, the reaction force is almost constant. During this time, the fitting displacement of the movable wedge 21 does not change, and is kept at the fitting displacement X ₁₀ when the damper displacement reaches the elastic limit. Web 41
The tensile stress of does not change and is kept at the stress value when the damper displacement reaches the elastic limit.

In designing and manufacturing the segment joint portion, when the dimensional relationship between the male and female fittings is the loosest, the fitting may be completed just within the "elastic limit" of FIG. By doing this, if the dimensional relationship is the tightest, the
The mating is completed with the displacement of 12 mm. Therefore, the force acting on the damper is about 2.
It is 1 tf, so that the stress introduced into the male metal web can be a constant value of 1400 kgf / cm 2.

FIG. 6 shows the second embodiment. A pair of movable wedges 21 is attached to one side, and a damper including a piston 25 and a cylinder 31 filled with a cushioning material 23 is provided on the other side. The end of the cylinder 31 opposite to the piston 25 is closed. A gap is provided due to the dimensional difference between the outer diameter of the piston 25 and the inner diameter of the cylinder 31, and the cushioning material 23 is discharged from the gap.

That is, when a load is applied to the piston 25,
The compressed cushioning material 23 flows out from the gap between the piston 25 and the cylinder 31. Although not shown, it is desirable to provide a guide so that the central axis of the piston 25 does not shift in the cylinder when the piston 25 is compressing the cushioning material. It has been confirmed that the case of the present embodiment also has the “elasto-plastic characteristics” shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 shows the third embodiment. Axial force can be controlled directly by using this damper.
An example in which this buffer damper is used for the temporary anchor bolt 50 is shown. A ring-shaped damper 51 is attached to the flange 57 of the anchor bolt 50 in an annular shape. Ring damper
51 is a piston 52, a cylinder 53 filled with a cushioning material 54,
It is composed of a partition wall 55 and a discharge part 56. When the nut 58 is turned and screwed, a plurality of buffer materials 54 are discharged to the discharge portion 56 through the small holes provided in the partition wall 55 so that the partition wall 55 has a predetermined characteristic value. Since the size and shape of the buffer damper is determined so that the load with which the pushing force of the buffer damper is constant becomes equal to the design load of the anchor bolt, even if a force greater than the design load acts on the anchor bolt during the temporary installation period, The safety of the temporary structure is maintained without breaking the bolts.

[0053]

The damper of the present invention comprises a cylinder, a piston, and a cushioning material. The cylinder is not completely sealed and is filled with a cushioning material such as rubber. When a compressive stress is applied, the cushioning material behaves elastically up to a certain value, then a continuous fracture phenomenon occurs and the deformation progresses with a constant compressive stress until it reaches the cylinder stroke end. Since it has the characteristic that stress does not change,
When it is necessary to suppress the compressive stress to a constant value, the coupling can be performed with a stress equal to the design stress.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a buffer damper.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a buffer damper.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a yield load and a ratio a / A between a partition wall small hole cross-sectional area a and a cylinder internal cross-sectional area A.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a load and a displacement of a damper material.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing displacement of a female fitting of a damper, a male joint, and a movable wedge.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a damper according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a damper according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a lead damper.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a steel rod damper.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing yield shear forces of a lead damper and a steel rod damper.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of a very soft steel damper.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of an oil damper.

FIG. 13 shows a combination of liquid rubber and a curing agent, which is shown in Table 1 shown in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a table 2 shown as FIG. 14, showing the cushioning material components.

[Explanation of symbols]

12 metal fittings 20 buffer damper 21 movable wedge 22 Fixing member 23 cushioning material 24 cylinders 25 pistons 26 Lid member 27 partitions 28 small holes 29 Discharge part 30 gap 31 cylinders 42 flange 50 anchor bolt 51 Ring-shaped shock absorber 52 piston 53 cylinders 54 cushioning material 55 bulkhead 56 Ejector 57 Flange 58 nuts

Continued front page    (72) Inventor Masayuki Fujii             Hayakawago, 5351 Minamioka, Minooshima-cho, Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture             Mu Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kozo Fujii             Hayakawago, 5351 Minamioka, Minooshima-cho, Fukuyama City, Hiroshima Prefecture             Mu Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 3J069 AA50 BB01 DD49

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A cushioning material filled in a space between a cylinder and a piston slidably inserted into the cylinder,
When a load is applied through the piston and compressed, the displacement increases in proportion to the load, and after a certain load is reached, the cushioning material is discharged from the gap provided in the cylinder, which corresponds to a decrease in volume during the discharge. Displacement increases as the load increases and the load is kept constant. 2. The load when the displacement increases in proportion to the load and when the displacement is increased to a constant load, and the amount of the displacement when the displacement is increased by being maintained at the constant load can be arbitrarily set. The buffer damper according to claim 1. 3. The buffer damper according to claim 1, wherein the damper has a characteristic that the displacement increases substantially linearly up to a constant load state, and thereafter only the displacement increases with a substantially constant load. . 4. The buffer damper according to claim 1, further comprising the following members. (a) The piston (25) attached to the opposite side via the fixing member (22), (b) the cylinder (24) into which the piston (25) is inserted, and (c) the cylinder (24) inside are divided. Partition wall (27) and (d) partition wall with piston (25) and small hole (28)
A cushioning material (23) filled in the space surrounded by (27), and (e)
The discharge part (2) that stores the cushioning material (23) flowing out from the small hole (28)
9). 5. The buffer damper according to claim 1, further comprising the following members. (a) Insert the piston (25) attached on the opposite side through the fixing member, and (b) insert the piston (25),
Cylinder (31) and (c) piston with an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of (25) so that a cushioning material (23) can flow out
A cushioning material (23) filled in a space surrounded by the (25) and the cylinder (31). 6. The cushioning material, in a non-sealed container,
When a load is applied from the outside, the displacement increases in proportion to the load, and when the load reaches a certain size, the fracture starts, and after the fracture starts, the displacement increases by an amount equivalent to the volume reduction due to the fracture, and the fracture The shock absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the shock absorber has a characteristic that the load is substantially constant during the progress of. 7. The buffer according to claim 1, wherein the cushioning material is a crosslinked viscoelastic body obtained by reacting a reactive polymer that is liquid at room temperature with a curing agent. Damper. 8. The shock-absorbing material has a constant load which is determined by a ratio a / A between the partition wall small hole area a and the cylinder internal cross-sectional area A, and the load is exponential with an increase in the area ratio a / A. The shock-absorbing damper according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is a cross-linked low-hardness, low-modulus rubber material having a property of decreasing. 9. The flange (57) of the anchor bolt (50),
Piston (52), cushioning material according to any one of claims 6 to 8.
A ring-shaped damper (51) consisting of a cylinder filled with (53), a partition wall (55), and a discharge part (56) is attached in an annular shape, and when the nut (58) is turned and screwed, the partition wall (55 The buffer material (53) is discharged to the discharge part (56) from the small hole provided in () to prevent the anchor bolt from breaking even if a force exceeding the designed load is applied to the anchor bolt. mechanism.