JP2003055077A - Fertilizer response accelerator-containing fertilizer and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for effectively utilizing a permeated digestion liquid after ultrafiltration separation of a methane fermentation treated liquid in treating organic wastes by a methane fermentation method. SOLUTION: The method of manufacturing the fertilizer response accelerator- containing fertilizer obtaining the fertilizer response accelerator-containing fertilizer by subjecting the ultrafilter permeated digestion liquid obtained by passing the methane fermentation treated liquid of the organic wastes through the ultrafilter to thickening and drying and the fertilizer response accelerator- containing fertilizer obtained by the method.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fertilizer containing a fertilizer, which has a high plant growth promoting effect, from a permeation digested liquid obtained by subjecting a biological treatment liquid of organic waste such as livestock waste to ultrafiltration membrane separation. It relates to a method of manufacturing.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art "Law concerning the proper management and promotion of utilization of livestock excrement" promulgated on July 28, 1999
Under the "Promotion of Recycling of Food Recycling Resources" promulgated on June 7, 2000, it is appropriate to use organic waste emitted from livestock, the food industry, households, restaurants, hotels, etc. There is a growing demand for treatment and recycling. Under such circumstances, as a treatment method capable of effectively treating those organic wastes,
Various treatment methods such as biological treatment by microorganisms such as methane fermentation method have been proposed, and some of them have already been put to practical use.

Skillfully combined anaerobic methane fermentation and membrane separation technology
Biorec, which combines and effectively treats organic waste
The technology called (BIOREK) process is used in Denmark
Developed by OSCAN (WO99 / 42
423). This Biorec process is an organic waste
Anaerobic methane fermentation of wastes in a methane fermenter to produce
Power and heat energy from biogas, which is mainly composed of methane gas
While the rugie is recovered, the digestive juice after methane fermentation is
Monia and CO₂After separation, clean with a reverse osmosis membrane.
Water and nitrogen, phosphorus (P
₂O_Five) And potassium (K ₂O) and the liquid containing
It This process has been used in Denmark and Germany since 1997.
Is already in commercial operation in
Plant construction and construction plans are underway in major countries.

[0004]

By the way, ammonia and CO ₂ separated from the digestive juice by steam heating or the like in this process are recovered as an aqueous solution containing them, but at the same time, the organic wastes supplied as raw materials are discharged. It also contains an odor based on it, and it is not preferred to use it as it is as a raw material for nitrogen fertilizer. The following is an example of the composition analysis of the liquid obtained when pig manure is treated by this Biorec process. _{NH 3: 50000mg / L CO 2} : 58700mg / L

The residual liquid separated from the purified water by the reverse osmosis membrane and collected in this process is used as it is as liquid fertilizer in Western Europe, but the nitrogen contained in the residual liquid,
Phosphoric acid and potassium are dilute, and there is little merit in using them as liquid fertilizer in Japan, which has a large amount of rainfall. An example of the composition analysis of the residual liquid obtained when pig manure is treated by this Biorec process is shown below. N: 0.02 wt% P ₂ O _5: 0.82 wt% K ₂ O: 1.68 wt% organic component: 0.81 wt% pH: 8.0

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a method for effectively using a permeation digestive liquid after ultrafiltration membrane separation (ultra filter separation) of a methane fermentation treatment liquid in the Biorec process. Has an aim.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive studies as to the effective use of permeated digestive liquid after ultrafiltration membrane separation of the treated liquid after the methane fermentation, and as a result, the permeated digested liquid has been obtained. Soil fertilized with a product obtained by concentrating and powdering directly at low temperature, and usually containing nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) in an amount equivalent to that contained in the product. As a result of performing a plant cultivation test in comparison with the soil fertilized with the above-mentioned inorganic fertilizer, it was found that the growth of the plant cultivated in the soil fertilized with the product was remarkably promoted, and the present invention was completed.

That is, the present invention is characterized in that an ultrafilter-permeated digested liquid obtained by passing a methane fermentation treatment liquid of organic waste through an ultrafilter is concentrated and dried to obtain a fertilizer containing a fertilizer. Provided is a method for producing a fertilizer containing a fertilizer. In this manufacturing method, when an inorganic acid is added to the digestive juice before being concentrated and dried, and when the digested juice is concentrated and dried, the solution is made into a concentrated solution by a vacuum evaporation concentration device, and then the concentrated solution is spray-dried. Desirably, the powder is dried by an apparatus, and the concentration and drying thereof are performed at a temperature of 80 ° C. or lower. The present invention also provides a fertilizer containing a fertilizer, which is obtained by the above-mentioned production method. This fertilizer containing a fertilizer effect promoter may be further mixed with at least one fertilizer component.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A fertilizer containing a fertilizer promoter according to the present invention is obtained from a digested liquid of an organic waste after methane fermentation, and contains nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ), potassium (K ₂ O) and other fertilizer components, and an organic substance having a fertilizer effect-promoting effect (called a fertilizer promoter). This fertilizer enhancer has a clear structure and composition, but it is a composition containing a large amount of relatively low molecular weight substances having a molecular weight of 1000 or less, and when given to plants together with fertilizers, only fertilizers are given. It has the feature that it can promote growth much more than cultivated ones.

Generally, humic acid is generally contained in the treatment liquid of this type of organic waste and has a fertilizing effect promoting effect. Generally, humic acid is said to be an organic polymer that spontaneously polymerizes after biological bodies are decomposed by microorganisms in soil. Since the 1950s, soviet researchers have been vigorously studied and studied. The structure is believed to be a fairly high molecular weight (approximately 2000) material with linearly polymerized carbon side chains around a complex cyclic aromatic nucleus.

On the other hand, as a result of measuring the molecular weight distribution of the fertilizer promoting agent according to the present invention by gel chromatography, the molecular weight distribution is as shown below, and the substance having a considerably low molecular weight as compared with the above-mentioned humic acid is mainly used. It was an ingredient. Therefore, the fertilizer promoter according to the present invention is a substance different from humic acid. Molecular weight Composition ratio 200 or less 45.9% 200-1000 39.2% 1000-6000 12.1% 6000 or more 2.8%

This fertilizer is obtained as a fertilizer containing a fertilizer together with fertilizer components (nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium) by concentrating and drying the digested liquid of the organic waste after methane fermentation. Hereinafter, one embodiment of a method for producing a fertilizer containing a fertilizer accelerating agent according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a manufacturing process for explaining one embodiment of a method for manufacturing a fertilizer containing a fertilizer effect enhancer of the present invention. The present manufacturing process comprises a methane fermentation tank 1 for anaerobically methane fermenting organic waste, an ultrafilter 2 for permeating and separating components smaller than methane bacteria together with water from a digested liquid from the methane fermentation tank 1, Add an inorganic acid to the digestive juice that has passed through the Ultra Filter 2,
An ammonia fixing tank 3 for converting the contained ammonia into an ammonium salt solution, a vacuum evaporation concentration device 4 for concentrating the digested liquid from the device 3, and a spray drying device 5 for spray-drying the concentrated liquid obtained from the device 4. It is provided as a main component. Hereinafter, each step of producing a fertilizer containing a fertilizer promoting agent using this process will be described.

(1) Methane Fermentation Process In the methane fermentation process, various organic wastes are fed into the methane fermentation tank 1 and methane-producing bacteria (eg Methanoc) are supplied in the tank.
occus spp, Methanosarcina spp, Methanobacteriu
Anaerobic methane fermentation of organic waste by m bacteria, etc., to generate biogas with methane gas as the main component. As a fermenter used for this methane fermentation, an anaerobic culture tank known in the related art can be basically applied, and various tank-type culture tanks and the like can be used depending on the operation scale. In this example, the methane fermentation tank 1 has a supply line for supplying organic waste, a biogas extraction line for taking out generated biogas out of the tank, and a digestive liquid supply line for supplying digestive liquid to the ultrafilter 2. A bleed take-out line for taking out excess solid matter (bleed) in the tank is provided. Furthermore, in this methane fermentation tank 1,
Various devices such as a stirring device, a heat retaining device, and a pH adjusting device for adjusting the pH of the fermentation liquid by adding an acid or an alkali may be attached.

The organic waste supplied to the methane fermentation tank 1 is not particularly limited as long as it contains organic matter that can be methane fermented by methanogenic bacteria. For example, livestock such as pig and cow manure and chicken manure. Organic waste emitted from industry,
Alternatively, it is waste food, kitchen waste, etc. from ordinary households, restaurants, hotels, food factories and the like. When supplying these organic wastes to the methane fermentation tank 1, water is added as necessary, the organic wastes are placed in a settling tank to separate sand, gravel, etc., and a crusher is used to finely pulverize coarse materials, Further, if necessary, the hardly decomposable substance may be precipitated and separated, or a pretreatment for collecting the hardly decomposable substance through a screen may be performed. Further, in order to neutralize the organic waste, an acid such as sulfuric acid or an alkali such as lime milk may be added. The difficult-to-decompose substance separated and removed can be used for compost production. The pretreated organic waste is supplied into the methane fermentation tank 1 through a supply line.

In the methane fermentation, the inside of the methane fermentation tank 1 is kept in an anaerobic atmosphere, and the generated biogas is taken out through the biogas taking line. The inside of the methane fermentation tank 1 is 20 to 40 ° C. when using a mesophilic fermentation bacterium, preferably 3
5 to 37 ° C, 50 to 50 when using high temperature fermenting bacteria
The temperature is kept at 60 ° C, preferably 55 to 57 ° C. The methane fermentation in the methane fermentation tank 1 can be batch type, semi-continuous type or continuous type. In this example, the digested liquid is extracted and applied to the ultrafilter 2, and undecomposed organic matter and methanogenic bacteria that do not pass through the filter can be returned to the methane fermentation tank 1, so that continuous fermentation is performed using a single fermentation tank. It is possible to do. When performing semi-continuous or continuous methane fermentation, multiple methane fermentation tanks 1 are prepared, or the inside of one tank is divided into a plurality of tanks, and fermentation is performed while moving the fermented liquid to another tank. You can also proceed. The duration of the methane fermentation can be appropriately selected depending on the organic matter concentration of the organic waste and the fermentation temperature. For example, when methane fermentation is carried out at 37 ° C. with mesophilic fermentation bacteria using pig manure, the residence time is 9 to 11 days. It is desirable to set the degree.

Biogas generated in methane fermentation is mainly composed of methane gas (about 72 to 74% by volume), and other C
O ₂ (about 20 to 25% by volume), H ₂ , H ₂ S, N _{2 and the} like are included. Methane fermentation tank 1 through the biogas extraction line
The biogas extracted from the gas is stored in a gas holder, and after removing harmful components such as H ₂ S, it is used as fuel or the like. For example, electricity and heat (hot water) can be obtained by using this biogas as a fuel for a combined gas generator (co-generator) or a gas turbine. Alternatively, biogas can be treated with a reformer, and the resulting hydrogen gas can be used as fuel for a fuel cell to generate electricity.

When methane fermentation is continuously carried out, excess solid matter (bleed) is accumulated in the methane fermentation tank 1. The bleed is taken out of the methane fermentation tank 1 through the bleed take-out line at regular intervals or when the amount of stored bleed in the tank exceeds a preset standard. The removed bleed can be used for compost production.

(2) Ultra Filter Separation Step The digested liquid that has undergone methane fermentation in the methane fermentation tank 1 is supplied to the ultra filter 2 through the digested liquid supply line. The ultrafilter 2 has fine pores that do not allow methanogenic bacteria (for example, about 0.1 to 10 μm) and undecomposed organic matter to permeate but water and low-molecular-weight fermentation decomposed matter.

The digestion liquid is membrane-separated by this ultra filter 2, water containing low-molecular-weight fermentation decomposition products is permeated and extracted, and a liquid containing methanogenic bacteria and undecomposed organic substances that do not permeate the filter 2 through the return line. Return to methane fermentation tank 1. By returning the methanogenic bacteria and undecomposed organic matter to the methane fermentation tank 1 in this way, it is possible to prevent the outflow of methanogenic bacteria and undecomposed organic matter and keep the organic matter and methanogenic bacteria in the fermenter at high concentrations. As a result, the fermentation efficiency of organic waste can be improved.

The operating pressure of the ultrafilter 2 is 2 to 1
The pressure is 0 atm, preferably about 4 to 7 atm. By increasing the operating pressure of the ultrafilter 2, the dissolved CO ₂ concentration in the permeate of the ultrafilter 2 can be increased, and the CO ₂ in the methane fermentation tank 1 can be expelled into the permeate. As a result, methane fermenter 1
It is possible to increase the methane gas concentration in the biogas obtained from

(3) Ammonia-fixing step The purified liquid that has passed through the ultrafilter 2 is then supplied to the ammonia-fixing tank 3 so that ammonia contained in the digestive liquid will be described later in (4) Concentration / drying step. The ammonia is fixed as an ammonium salt solution by the addition of an inorganic acid so as not to be volatilized. Here, the amount of the inorganic acid added to prevent the volatilization of ammonia can be arbitrarily selected according to the purpose of use of the fertilizer containing a fertilizer as a product. The inorganic acid is added to the digestive juice at room temperature while stirring the digestive juice in the ammonia fixing tank 3 using a stirrer. At that time, some of the dissolved CO ₂ contained in the digestive juice is added. It vaporizes and dissipates.

Various inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid can be used as the inorganic acid added to the digestive juice, but phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid are preferably used.
When hydrochloric acid is used, when fertilizer containing a fertilizer as a product is applied to the soil, not only does the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil increase, but the presence of chloride ions in the soil also affects the growth of crops. It is not preferable, and use of nitric acid is not preferable in terms of environmental pollution because it causes increase of nitric acid content in rivers and groundwater due to runoff of generated ammonium nitrate in soil. When phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid is used as the inorganic acid, ammonium phosphate (phosphorus ammonium) is preferable in the digestive juice for fertilizing effect.
Ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulfate) is produced.

(4) Concentration / Drying Step In this step, the digested liquid to which the inorganic acid has been added in the ammonia fixing step is concentrated by the vacuum evaporation concentration device 4, and the concentrated liquid is dried by the spray dryer 5 to obtain a powder. Manufacture fertilizer (powder fertilizer) containing fertilizer.

When the digestion solution is heated under atmospheric pressure to be concentrated, the heating temperature is inevitably raised, and the CO ₂ remaining in the solution and the foaming due to the decomposition of the organic matter contained therein are serious. However, it is difficult to perform efficient concentration, and at the same time, it leads to loss due to decomposition of useful organic substances (fertility promoters).

Therefore, in the method for producing a fertilizer containing a fertilizer accelerating agent of the present invention, first, evaporation under reduced pressure is carried out, and then pulverization by a spray drying method is carried out at a low evaporation drying temperature (preferably, 60 ° C for vacuum evaporation
Hereinafter, in spray drying, the temperature is set to 80 ° C. or lower) to prevent the gradual release of dissolved CO ₂ and the loss due to the decomposition of effective organic components, and to make a fertilizer contained in the digestive juice. The fertilizer is dried together with the ingredients to produce a highly fertile powder fertilizer. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of completely eliminating the risk of decomposition of organic substances present in the digestive juice, a freeze-drying method can be adopted instead of the spray-drying method. As still another method, the digestive liquid to which the inorganic acid is added in the ammonia fixing step or the concentrated liquid concentrated in the vacuum evaporation / concentration device 4 is put into a granulating device such as a rotary tumbling granulating device and granulated. It can be dried with hot air.

In this evaporation under reduced pressure, it is extremely easy to concentrate the digested liquid to, for example, 10 times, no foaming phenomenon due to decomposition of organic substances is observed, and the concentrated liquid is condensed with colorless and transparent odorless distilled condensed water. Is obtained.

The fertilizer containing fertilizer promoter (powder fertilizer) obtained by the spray drying method is in the form of extremely fine powder (the particle diameter of the powder is about 20 μm), and the nozzle of the spray dryer is used for drying. It is possible to dry without causing operational troubles such as opening and closing.

It should be noted that the organic waste as a raw material and the microorganisms in the methane fermentation tank are mixed with the hot air in the digestion solution permeating through the ultrafilter 2 and the subsequent vacuum evaporation concentration step and atmospheric pressure spray drying step. It is completely sterilized by contact and does not cause any problems in hygiene.

As described above, according to the method for producing a fertilizer containing a fertilizer, a digestive liquid after methane fermentation of an organic waste containing livestock excrement produces an organic substance having a fertilizer promoting effect (facilitator Agent and fertilizer components are hardly lost, and it is possible to make a powdery fertilizer that is easy to handle and has a fertile effect, and the problem of resource recycling utilization related to the treatment of organic wastes, especially the digestive liquid after methane fermentation. It is possible to solve all problems related to effective use at once.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a fertilizer containing a fertilizer, wherein at least one fertilizer is mixed with the fertilizer containing a fertilizer. The fertilizers to be mixed are various well-known fertilizers, for example, type 1 compound fertilizers (combined fertilizers, chemical fertilizers), type 2 compound fertilizers, type 3 compound fertilizers, fermentation waste liquid dry compound fertilizers, paste fertilizers, liquids. Compound fertilizers such as compound fertilizers, nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and urea, phosphate fertilizers such as lime superphosphate and fused phosphorus fertilizer, potash fertilizers such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, organic fertilizers, calcareous fertilizers, silica Specialized chemical fertilizer containing acid and magnesia, trace element compound fertilizer, foliar spray fertilizer,
Pesticide-containing fertilizer can be used.

The content of fertilizer components, particularly phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) component, contained in the fertilizer containing the fertilizer promoter greatly varies depending on the type of the inorganic acid used in the step (3) ammonia fixing step. To be done. For example, when phosphoric acid is used to fix ammonia, the fertilizer contains a large amount of phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) in the form of ammonium phosphate. Therefore,
The amount of the fertilizer containing the fertilizer promoting agent used is appropriately selected depending on the fertilizer component content of the fertilizer, the type of agricultural crop to be cultivated, the cultivation method, the cultivation time and the type and state of soil, the fertilizer application method, and the like. Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be demonstrated by examples.

[0033]

EXAMPLES Example 1: Manufacture of fertilizer containing fertilizer, fertilizer containing pig fertilizer according to the present invention was produced from digestive juice by subjecting pig manure to methane fermentation treatment. Digestive fluid 7 that has passed through the ultrafilter 2
2.34 kg of a phosphoric acid solution for fertilizer (P ₂ O ₅ , 52% concentration) was added to 7.4 kg to prepare 78.6 kg of a liquid containing ammonia as an ammonium phosphate solution.
It is supplied to a centrifugal thin film vacuum evaporative concentrator manufactured by Okawara Seisakusho, with a heating temperature of 110 ° C, an evaporation temperature of 50 ° C, and a vacuum degree of 12k.
Evaporation and concentration were carried out with pa to obtain 6.9 kg of concentrated liquid.
Next, 2.3 kg of this concentrated liquid was supplied to a spray dryer (hot air: 120 ° C., drying temperature: 60 ° C.) manufactured by Okawara Kakohki Co., Ltd., and 1.06 kg of a fertilizer containing a fertilizer promoting agent without any problem ( The present invention powder fertilizer-1) was obtained.

In addition, 58.6 kg of digestive fluid that has passed through the ultrafilter 2 is mixed with sulfuric acid (containing H ₂ SO ₄ , 98%).
Was added to the above centrifugal thin-film vacuum evaporative concentrator to evaporate and condense under the same operating conditions as above. Then, 5.2 kg of concentrated liquid was obtained. Next, 1.7 kg of this concentrated liquid was supplied to the above spray dryer, spray-dried under the same operating conditions as described above, and 0.81 kg of a fertilizer containing a fertilizer accelerating agent (the present powdered fertilizer-2). Got

Table 1 shows a case where a phosphoric acid solution is used for fixing ammonia (manufacture of the powder fertilizer-1 of the present invention) and a case where sulfuric acid is used for fixation of ammonia (manufacture of the powder fertilizer-2 of the present invention). The material balance in each step indicated by the symbols 1 to 3 is shown. Organic waste supplied to the methane fermentation tank 1 (fermentation tank supply liquid) Ultrafilter 2 Permeate Liquid Ammonia fixing tank 3 supplied to reduced pressure evaporation concentration device 4
Digestive liquid treated with the addition of an inorganic acid in 1. Concentrated liquid (evaporated concentrated liquid) treated with the reduced pressure evaporative concentrator 4. Powdered fertilizer. In addition, in Table 2, the powdered fertilizer-1 of the present invention produced as described above.
Content of fertilizer component and fertilizer effect accelerator of -2 is shown. In addition,% in Table 1 and Table 2 is weight%.

[0036]

[Table 1]

[0037]

[Table 2]

Example 2 Komatsuna Cultivation Test In order to confirm the effect of promoting the fertilization effect of the powdered fertilizer-1 of the present invention and the powdered fertilizer-2 of the present invention obtained in Example 1, nitrogen equivalent to these powdered fertilizers ( N), phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O), ammonium phosphate, potassium carbonate and potassium sulfate were used for the powder fertilizer-1 of the present invention, and powder fertilizer-2 of the present invention was used. On the other hand, a solution prepared using ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate, etc. (comparative control fertilizers 1- and -2),
The cultivation test of Komatsuna was conducted. The results are shown in Table 3.
In this test, volcanic ash subsoil was used as soil, and the growing period was 6 after seeding on May 14, 2001.
It was 25 days until the 8th of the month.

[0039]

[Table 3]

From the results shown in Table 3, the fertilizer containing the fertilizer promoting agent according to the present invention was cultivated using the same amount of nitrogen (N), phosphoric acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O). It was revealed that the growth of Komatsuna was promoted compared with.

[0041]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fertilizer containing a fertilizer accelerating agent having a plant fertilizer accelerating effect from the digestive juice produced in the biological treatment of organic waste. Since this fertilizer containing a fertilizer enhancer can significantly increase the growth of plants, it can significantly increase agricultural productivity. Moreover, this fertilizer is highly safe for plants and animals including humans.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of a manufacturing process for explaining a method for manufacturing a fertilizer effect enhancer according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 methane fermentation tank 2 Ultra filter 3 Ammonia fixing tank 4 Vacuum evaporation concentrator 5 Spray dryer

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Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. Fertilization promotion, characterized in that an ultrafilter-digested digested liquid obtained by passing a methane fermentation treatment liquid of organic waste through an ultrafilter is concentrated and dried to obtain a fertilizer containing a fertilization promoter. Method for manufacturing fertilizer containing agents. 2. The fertilization promotion according to claim 1, wherein an inorganic acid is added to the digestive juice before concentration / drying to make ammonia in the digestive juice to be an ammonium salt and then concentrated / dried. Method for manufacturing fertilizer containing agents. 3. When the digestive juice is concentrated and dried, the solution is made into a concentrated solution by a reduced pressure evaporation concentrator, and then the concentrated solution is dried into a powder by a spray dryer, and the concentration and drying thereof are carried out. The method for producing a fertilizer containing a fertilizer accelerating agent according to claim 1, wherein the method is performed at a temperature of ℃ or less. 4. A fertilizer containing a fertilizer, which is obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. The fertilizer containing a fertilizer accelerating agent according to claim 4, further comprising at least one fertilizer component.