JP2003009659A - Method for grafted seedling production - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for high-quality grafted nursery plant production, with which development of malformed leaves developing in a scion of a root pruned graft of cucurbitaceous fruit is controlled, yellowing of leaves is prevented and grafted nursery plants are excellently transplanted or excellently grow after transplantation. SOLUTION: In this method for producing grafted nursery plants of cucurbitaceous fruit by root pruned grafts, scions (cucumber scions) are grafted onto stocks (pumpkin stocks), a boron-containing aqueous solution is sprayed on stems and leaves of the grafted nursery plants or an aqueous solution containing a rooting promotion substance such as iron ion, an auxin, a sulfur-containing amino acid, etc., is supplied to the stocks of the grafted nursery plants.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing grafted seedlings, and more particularly to a method for producing grafted seedlings of cucumbers by root-root grafting.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in vegetable cultivation, the resistance to soil-borne diseases, the resistance to cold and heat of rootstock, the resistance to drought and the resistance to moisture have been used to improve cultivation under unsuitable environmental conditions. For the purpose of extending the harvesting period and saving fertilizer due to the strong fertilizing ability of the rootstock, the stem of the scion is cut, and the stems and leaves are systematically fused with the stem of the rootstock. Grafting "is performed. The scion referred to here is also called a scion (scion), and refers to the plant part for the purpose of horticultural production in the above-ground part of the scion. The rootstock holds the root part and the scion is structurally , A plant part that supports physiologically.

Conventionally, in raising seedlings for grafting, a sophisticated technique for raising seedlings was required to promote the fusion of the tissues of the scion and the rootstock after grafting. If the fusion of the scion and the rootstock does not proceed smoothly after the grafting, the grafted seedlings will grow poorly, and the subsequent crop growth will be adversely affected, resulting in a marked decrease in productivity.

In recent years, large-scale grafting seedlings have been produced using large-scale seedling raising facilities.
In such facilities, graft supports and graft equipment that require highly standardized spikes and rootstocks for growth (Vegetable / Tea Experiment Station, “Current status and prospects of efficiency research on seedling production for grafts”) , 1992) or automatic grafting device (Japan Institute of Horticulture, "Guide for New Nursery Production System", pages 153-221, 1994). Furthermore, due to the nature of grafted seedlings cultivated in the natural environment, grafting, seedling transportation, transplantation,
Planting must be done. As mentioned above, the seedlings that are poorly grown due to poor integration of the scion and rootstock do not progress smoothly,
It is extremely disadvantageous in the operation of nursery facilities and horticultural production.

By the way, in order to avoid soil-borne diseases such as cucumbers, watermelons and melons, and to improve cultivability under environmental conditions unsuitable for growth such as low soil temperature, roots are especially used in cucumbers. Grafting seedlings are widely used to improve fruit quality by utilizing the fertilization characteristics of the pumpkin used. The pumpkin rootstock, which is mainly used to improve the fruit quality of cucumber, has a specifically low fertilizing capacity of silicon, which is the main component of the white powdery substance generated on the fruit surface of cucumber. The rootstock is called a bloomless rootstock. The fruit surface produced from the cucumber spikelets grafted on the bloomless rootstock has very little white powdery substance, i.e., bloom, and is called a bloomless fruit. Good fruit (Patent No. 2503118 "Cucumber Bull-
Method for breeding plants belonging to new root squash varieties with rootless roots ").

[0006] In recent years, in the production of a large amount of grafted seedlings using a large-scale seedling raising facility, cell-shaped seedlings have become popular for the purpose of raising seedlings and transporting seedlings efficiently. In the production of grafted seedlings of cucumbers using the cell tray, in order to improve the efficiency of grafting work, the root part of the rootstock is cut off, and after joining with the scion, the embryonic stem part of the rootstock is inserted into the medium filled in the cell tray and the rootstock grafting is carried out. Or a method called root cutting (Katsumi Ito, "Graphing of easy-to-eat fruits and vegetables", House of Light Association, 157-160, 1986; supervised by Tokuzo Tatsuno,
"Nursing and cultivation of vegetables by using electricity", Agricultural Electrification Association, pp. 117-132, 1990) is common. Especially in the case of cucumber, the root of the cucumber root of the scion will root and when it comes into contact with the soil, it absorbs silicon in the soil,
Blooms appear on the fruit, and the original purpose of grafting to the bloomless rootstock cannot be fulfilled, resulting in a large loss in horticultural production. Therefore, in the production of cucumber grafted seedlings using cell trays, root-grafted root grafts, which are the root of the cucumber itself, are the most common.

In recent years, the phenomenon that the low-node leaves of cucumbers root-grafted on a bloomless rootstock have been deformed has become more common, and has become a problem (Yoichi Yamato, "Deformed leaves of grafted cucumbers"). , Horticulture, Volume 39, September issue, 32
~ 33; Yoichi Yamato, Takaaki Nishijima et al., "On the occurrence of malformed leaves in grafted cucumber", Journal of Horticultural Science, 66.
Vol., Supplement No. 2, 382-383, 1997). Regarding the problem of malformed leaf occurrence seen in these grafted cucumbers, research toward elucidation of the cause (Yoichi Yamato, "Introduction of research on malformed leaves occurring in grafted cucumbers", facility gardening, 40 volumes, January issue, Pages 15-18; Yoichi Yamato,
"Generation of malformed leaves of grafted cucumber by foliar application of BA", Journal of Horticultural Science, 67, Supplement No. 2, 119, 1
(998) and a study to prevent malformed leaves by spraying foliage of grafted seedlings with boron or calcium (Hidekazu Yamaguchi et al.
"Effects of Boron and Calcium on Occurrence of Malformed Leaves in Grafted Cucumber", Journal of the Horticultural Society of Japan, Vol. 67, Supplement No. 2, 3
(P. 05, 1998), for example, the method of spraying boron on the leaves to prevent them reduces the incidence of malformed leaves, but leaves of grafted seedlings appear to have excess boron due to yellowing. It is known that symptoms occur and the quality of seedlings is likely to decrease significantly, and it is known that it is practically difficult to use. It is considered that these deterioration of seedling quality is caused by the imbalance of the trace element concentration in the foliage due to the insufficient nutrient absorption from the rootstock due to root cutting.

With respect to the phenomenon of malformed leaves occurring in the cuttings of cucumbers such as cucumber root-grafted as described above, there is currently no practical method for solving this.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing good quality grafted seedlings by suppressing the generation of malformed leaves that occur in the scion of root cuttings of cucurbits.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted diligent research in view of the above problems, and as a result, in root-cutting grafts of cucurbits, after joining a scion to a rootstock, an aqueous solution containing boron is used to graft the seedlings. By combining the process of spraying the foliage with the process of absorbing the aqueous solution containing the root-promoting substance into the rootstock of the grafted seedling, it suppresses the generation of malformed leaves occurring in the scion and transplants or transplants the grafted seedling. The inventors have found that it is possible to produce a grafted seedling of good quality that is excellent in the subsequent growth, and has invented the present invention.

Conventionally, a method for controlling physiological disorders by applying a trace element of a plant such as boron or calcium to the foliage has been known. However, the object of the present invention is to remove malformed leaves in root-root grafts of cucumbers. In order to suppress the generation and prevent the yellowing of leaves, it is necessary not only to spray the grafted seedling with the aqueous solution containing boron, but also to absorb the aqueous solution containing the rooting promoting substance into the rootstock of the grafted seedling.

That is, the grafted seedling production method of the present invention comprises:
A step of joining the scion to the rootstock, a step of supplying an aqueous solution containing boron to the foliage of the grafted seedling, and a step of supplying an aqueous solution containing a rooting promoting substance to the rootstock of the grafted seedling, It is possible to suppress the generation of malformed leaves that occur in scion in root cuttings of cucumbers and to produce high-quality grafted seedlings. Here, the step of supplying the aqueous solution containing boron and the step of supplying the aqueous solution containing the rooting promoting substance are not in order.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The substance used for preparing an aqueous solution containing boron (hereinafter referred to as an aqueous boron solution) used in the present invention is a water-soluble substance containing boron and has a concentration range used in the present invention. There is no particular limitation as long as it does not inhibit the growth of foliage of the cucurbits. Examples thereof include boric acid (H ₃ BO ₃ ), borate and the like, and foliar sprays containing boron which are generally commercially available.

The concentration of boron in the aqueous boron solution is
Since it depends on the type of boron-containing substance used and the type of target cucumber, it cannot be said unequivocally.
m to 100 ppm, more preferably 5 ppm to 5
It is 0 ppm.

If desired, the aqueous boron solution may contain plant trace elements other than boron, such as manganese, magnesium, and calcium, and surfactants, etc., in concentrations that do not impair the effects of the present invention.

The rooting promoting substance used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it promotes rooting of rootstocks grafted with roots. By promoting rooting of the rootstock, it is possible to steadily promote the supply of nutrient water and plant hormones from the rootstock to the scion, and to improve the growth of grafted seedlings and after planting. You can Examples of such rooting promoters include auxins such as indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, indolepropionic acid, α-naphthaleneacetic acid, sulfur-containing amino acids such as methionine and cysteine, ferrous sulfate containing iron ions, and chloride. Commercially available rooting accelerators containing ferrous iron, chelate compounds and iron ions can be mentioned. Among the above-mentioned sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine is particularly preferable because it is decomposed and metabolized to generate ethylene, and the effect of promoting female flowering of cucumber can be obtained.

In the aqueous solution containing a rooting promoting substance used in the present invention (hereinafter referred to as an aqueous solution of rooting promoting substance), the concentration of the rooting promoting substance depends on the kind of the rooting promoting substance to be used and the kind of grafted seedling to be used. Although it cannot be generally stated because it depends on factors such as auxins, it is approximately 1 ppm to 50 in the case of auxins.
It is preferably ppm. In the case of sulfur-containing amino acid, it is preferably about 0.01% to 1.0%, more preferably 0.1% to 0.5%. Furthermore,
In the case of iron ion, it is preferably about 0.1 ppm to 50 ppm, more preferably 0.2 ppm to 2
It is 0 ppm.

As a method of joining the scion to the rootstock, a known root-cutting graft can be used. In detail, the stems are cut to form joints on the spikes that have been raised until the grafting time, and the roots are cut off and the growth points are removed on the rootstocks that are raised until the grafting time to form the junctions. . Then, the grafted seedlings are formed by joining the joints of the two, and the hypocotyls of the rootstocks may be cut into a medium filled in a seedling raising container such as a cell tray. Such root-cutting grafting can also be performed using a known grafting support or an automatic grafting device.

The method for supplying the aqueous boron solution is not particularly limited as long as it can apply the aqueous solution to the foliage of the grafted seedling, but it is generally preferable to apply it by spraying. The supply of the aqueous boron solution may be carried out after the grafted seedlings have been cut into a medium, or may be supplied to the grafted seedlings before cutting.

The method of supplying the rooting promoting substance aqueous solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of imparting the same aqueous solution to the rootstock portion of the grafted seedling, but generally it is preferable to irrigate the medium after cutting. Is. By thus irrigating the rooting promoting substance aqueous solution into the medium and supplying it to the rootstock via the medium, it is possible to prevent the same aqueous solution from being applied to the scion and suppress the rooting of the scion. it can. Either the supply of the aqueous boron solution or the supply of the rooting promoting substance aqueous solution may be performed first.

Examples of cucurbits that can be used in the present invention include cucumber, melon, watermelon, pumpkin and camphor.

[0022]

[Examples] Hereinafter, the effect of suppressing malformed leaf generation of grafted seedlings according to the present invention will be described with reference to Examples using a cucumber variety scion and a pumpkin rootstock variety, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Not something.

[Preparation of grafted seedlings] Raising seedling tray (200
Cultivated soil (trade name: TM) on 4 holes, manufactured by Takii Seedling Co.
-1, Takii Seedling Co., Ltd.) and seeds of summer-autumn cucumber varieties "Natsu Sumi" (Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) and winter-spring cucumber varieties "Sharp I" (Saitama Progeny Breeding Association) 2 sheets each in the nursery tray (2 nursery trays /
After sowing one cultivar, one seed / hole), conventional seedling management was carried out.

On the same day as sowing of cucumber varieties, a pumpkin rootstock variety "Sherpa" (manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.)
And 3 seeds of "NEW Super Unryu" (produced by Kurume Species Breeding Association) into a nursery tray (128 holes, produced by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) filled with soil (trade name: TM-1, produced by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) After sowing one by one (three seedling raising trays / one kind, one seed / hole), conventional seedling raising management was performed.

10 days after sowing the cucumber variety and the pumpkin variety, root cutting grafting was performed. The grafting method is as follows: cut the pumpkin rootstock at the edge, and attach the cucumber earstock to the rootstock with a pin-shaped graft support (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-197632, trade name: Tsugipin, manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.). The joining method was used. The cucumber and pumpkin at the time of grafting were in the cotyledon development stage. The combinations of cucumber varieties and pumpkin rootstock varieties are shown in Table 1 below.

Next, cultivating soil (trade name: Tanemaki cultivating soil, manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) into 18 25-well seedling trays, which were obtained by equally dividing 9 seedlings (50 holes, manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.).
Filled with 25 kinds of varieties of cucumber and pumpkin
Twenty-five grafted seedlings were inserted into the 25-well raising tray so that they would be the same in the well-raising tray.

[Treatment Test and Survival Rate, Investigation of Occurrence Rate of Malformed Leaf and Yellowing Leaf] One of the above 25-well seedling trays was used as one test group (25 grafted seedlings), and Examples 1 to 12 and A treatment test was conducted in a total of 18 test sections of Comparative Examples 1 to 6.

The application of the aqueous boron solution to the foliage was carried out immediately after the grafted seedlings had been inserted into the seedling raising tray for each test section, and the application amount was such that the aqueous solution was applied to the entire foliage. After the foliage application of the boron aqueous solution, the rooting promoting substance aqueous solution was irrigated into the seedling growing soil to such an extent that the aqueous solution exudes from the hole at the bottom of the seedling raising tray. After irrigating the rooting promoting substance aqueous solution, it was placed in an acclimation device at about 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of about 96% for 4 days in order to promote fusion of the joints, and then seedlings were grown in a greenhouse. The rate of seedlings that succeeded in grafting (survival rate%) was investigated 3 days after the transfer to the greenhouse. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

In addition, when one true leaf of cucumber is used, a graft is put on a seedling raising pot (trade name: coalesced kun, manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) filled with seedling cultivation soil (trade name: Takii seedling cultivation, manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.). 20 successful seedlings were transplanted in each test section. After transplanting, continue to grow seedlings in the greenhouse, and the incidence of malformed leaves (%) in the first to fourth leaves of four cucumber leaves
Were investigated respectively. The incidence of malformed leaves was examined visually, and the shapes of cucumber seedlings that were not grafted and seedlings that were grafted at the same time were compared. In addition, the rate of occurrence of yellowed leaves was visually examined when four true leaves were developed, and the incidence of malformed leaves was compared with the leaves of cucumber seedlings without grafting as in the case of malformed leaves. The above results are shown in Table 2.

The details of the boron aqueous solution and the rooting promoting substance aqueous solution used in each test section are as follows.

Examples 1 and 2 The aqueous boron solution was obtained by diluting Everboso (trade name, containing 1.5% by weight of boron, manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) 1000 times with water. Fe-EDT
A (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved in water and adjusted to an iron ion concentration of about 10 ppm before use.

Examples 3 and 4 Boron aqueous solution was prepared by diluting Everhoso (trade name, containing 1.5% by weight of boron, manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) 1000 times with water. D, L-methionine (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) is dissolved in water to give 0.05
It was adjusted to the weight% and used.

Examples 5 and 6 The aqueous boron solution was obtained by diluting Everhoso (trade name: containing 1.5% by weight of boron, manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) 1000 times with water. Oxyberon solution (trade name, component indole butyric acid 0.4% by weight, manufactured by Shionogi & Co., Ltd.) was diluted 500 times with water and used.

Examples 7 and 8 Boron aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving boric acid (Nacalai Tesque) in water and adjusting the boron concentration to about 20 ppm.
As the rooting promoting substance aqueous solution, Fe-EDTA (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved in water and the iron ion concentration was adjusted to about 10 ppm before use.

Examples 9 and 10 Boron aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving boric acid (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) in water and adjusting the boron concentration to about 20 ppm.
The rooting promoting substance aqueous solution was prepared by dissolving D, L-methionine (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) in water and adjusting the concentration to 0.05% by weight.

Examples 11 and 12 Boron aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving boric acid (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) in water and adjusting the boron concentration to about 20 ppm.
As the rooting promoting substance aqueous solution, an oxyberon liquid agent (trade name, component indolebutyric acid 0.4% by weight, manufactured by Shionogi & Co., Ltd.) was diluted 500 times with water and used.

Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Neither the aqueous boron solution nor the aqueous root-promoting substance solution was used. Instead, water was sprayed on the foliage and then irrigated.

Comparative Examples 3 and 4 As an aqueous solution of boron, evergreen (trade name: boron 1.5
(Takii Seedling Co., Ltd.) was used after being diluted 1000 times with water, and the rooting promoting substance aqueous solution was not used. Instead, water was irrigated.

Comparative Examples 5 and 6 Fe-EDTA (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved in water as an aqueous solution of a root-promoting substance and adjusted to an iron ion concentration of about 10 ppm before use. Water was sprayed on the leaves.

[0040]

[Table 1]

[Table 2] As shown in Table 2, in the examples according to the present invention, the number of malformed leaves generated in the cucumber grafted seedlings was clearly reduced and no yellowed leaves were generated in comparison with the comparative examples.

[Growth Investigation] Examples 1, 3, 5, 7, 9,
11 and Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 5 Cucumber Hoki "Natsusumi"
Grafts of pumpkin rootstock "Sherpa" were prepared in the same manner as above, and 20 grafted seedlings each were obtained and 2.5
The plants were planted at the time of planting in a greenhouse, and on the 25th day after planting, the plant height, number of leaves, maximum leaf length, grass appearance, and growth alignment were investigated. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

The plant height, the number of leaves and the maximum leaf length are averages of 20 strains, the plant height is the length from the edge to the growing point, and the leaf number is the number of developed leaves (the number of developed leaves is 0. 5), and the maximum leaf length was measured by measuring the vertical length of the leaf blade. In addition, the grass shape and the growth uniformity were visually inspected.

[0043]

[Table 3] As a result, in the examples according to the present invention, the growth of cucumber was favorable, the grass appearance, the uniform alignment of the growth in the same ward was also good, but in the comparative example, due to the influence of malformed leaves that occurred during seedling, Compared with this, the growth was delayed and the growth in the same area was uneven.

[0044]

As described above, according to the present invention,
In root-cutting grafts of cucumbers, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of malformed leaves occurring in the scion and prevent yellowing of the leaves.
It is possible to produce grafted seedlings of high quality that are excellent in growth after transplanting grafted seedlings or after planting.

Continued front page    (72) Inventor Akira Masuda             Shiga Prefecture Koga-gun Kosai Town Large Needle 1360 F term (reference) 2B022 AA00 AB15 EA01

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing grafted seedlings of cucurbits by root-cutting grafting, which comprises a step of joining a scion to a rootstock, a step of supplying an aqueous solution containing boron to the foliage of the grafted seedling,
And a step of supplying an aqueous solution containing a rooting promoting substance to the rootstock of the grafted seedling. 2. The grafted seedling production method according to claim 1, wherein the root-promoting substance is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron ions, auxins and sulfur-containing amino acids. 3. The method for producing grafted seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the scion is a cucumber and the rootstock is a pumpkin. 4. The grafted seedling production method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of boron in the aqueous solution containing boron is 1 to 100 ppm.